高考英语语法精讲精练-非谓语动词 74页

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（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。①Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand__lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.weighsC.weighedD.weighing【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。undertheageoffourand____lessthan40pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。②______bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语①ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。②IthinkitimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。it作形式主语使用动名词的句型①Itisnouse/nogood/useless+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。②Itisfun(agreatpleasure,awasteoftime)Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定①Idon’twant____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。类似的知识点要记牢。如：help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。②Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.A.acceptB.acceptingC.toacceptD.accepted【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。类似的知识点要记牢。下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto（建议冒险去献身）finish,imagine,bear/stand,lookforwardto（完成想象忍盼望）giveup,delay/putoff,regret,miss（放弃延期悔失去）insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice（坚持欣赏要实践）payattentionto,excuse,escape/avoid,objectto（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind（保持习惯勿介意）beworth,setabout/burstout/getdownto,bebusy（值得开始将忙乎）3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同第74页共74页 InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans____foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”meandoingsth意为“意味着什么”，meantodosth意为“试图、打算做什么”。答案A。类似的知识点要记牢。①动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同remembertodosth.记住要做rememberdoingsth.记得过去做过forgettodosth.忘了已做过的事forgetdoingsth.忘记要做某事②动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同regrettodosth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regretdoingsth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔meantodosth.打算，想要meandoing意味着，意思是trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁，忍不住can’thelp(to)dosth.不能帮忙做某事beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了consider…tobe认为是considerdoing考虑做某事③动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter（=tobelookedafter）.Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).④下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语stoptodo停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stopdoing停止做（动名词作宾语）goontodo接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）goondoing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）4.有些动词后要用“疑问词＋不定式”结构作复合宾语ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit【解析】本题考查“疑问词＋不定式”和动词短语dowith的用法。答案C。（三）非谓语作表语的重点①不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。Theirjobismakingwheelchairsfordisabledpeople.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。第74页共74页 Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。Thisbeautifulvillageremainsunknowntotherestoftheworld.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。②现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。如：Thisdogisfrightening.这条狗让人害怕。（说明狗的特征）Thisdogisfrightened.这条狗有些害怕。（说明狗的心理状态）Climbingistiringandwearecompletelytiredafteraday"sclimbing.爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。（tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态）注意：在下列句中，非谓语动词具体的语法功能Whathewantedtosuggestistocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.他想建议的是降价促销。（不定式作表语，说明主语“是什么”）MyAmericanteacheristoleaveChinasoon.我的美国老师即将离开中国。（不定式作表语，表示将来）Herworkistakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是照顾小孩。（现在分词作表语，说明主语“是什么”）Sheistakingcareofthechildren.她在照料小孩。（构成进行时，说明主语正在执行的动作）Thecupisbroken.杯子碎了。（过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态）ThecupwasbrokenbyPeter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。（构成被动语态，说明主语是动作的承受者）（四）非谓语作宾语补足语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与宾语的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式主动关系①在谓语动词后发生②不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程现在分词主动关系同时进行过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.（主动进行）Isawhimgotothecinema.（主动，全过程）Weheardhersingingnextdoor.（主动进行）Weheardthesongsungbyhernextdoor.（被动完成）Weheardthesongbeingsungnextdoor.（被动进行）2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,callon,dependon注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid+宾语+不定式作宾语补足语advise/allow/permit/forbid+动名词作宾语时①Whatdidthelibrarian_____outofthelibrary? A.permittotakeB.forbidtobetakenC.allowtotakeD.insistbeingtaken②Idon’tallow______inmyofficeandIdon’tallowmyfamily______atall.A.tosmoke…smokingB.smoking…tosmokeC.tosmoke…tosmokeD.smoking…smoking第74页共74页 答案：BB3.在think,consider,find等动词后常用tobe+adj.结构作宾语补足语，有时tobe省略。Wealldiscoverhim(tobe)kindandhonest.4.几个特别的结构▲have+宾语+do/doing/done①“have+宾语+dosth”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的have是使役动词，宾语后的dosth是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。Thebossoftenhasthemworkfor14hoursaday.老板经常要他们一天工作14个小时。②“have+宾语+doing”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。Don’thavethedogbarkingmuch,Lilin.李林，别让狗狂吠不停。③“have+宾语+done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了……，此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。Wehadthemachinemendedjustnow.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。Hehadhisleginjuredwhileplayingfootball.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。▲get+宾语+todo/doing/done三种结构的意义请参看上述“have+宾语+do/doing/done”的意义解释。Hegothissistertohelphimwithhisclothes.他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。Canyoureallygetthatoldclockgoingagain你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？Dorisgotherbadtoothpulledoutinthehospital.多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。▲catchsb.doingsth逮住某人干某事Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she’llbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。▲make+oneself+doneoneself与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。（五）非谓语作定语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系分类形式与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式todo动宾关系在谓语动作后发生“thelast/next/first...”后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系在谓语动作前或者后发生tobedone被动关系在谓语动作后发生现在分词doing主动关系与谓语动作同时进行beingdone被动关系与谓语动作同时进行过去分词done被动关系在谓语动作之前发生存在的状态或情况ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.这是练习你的口语的好机会。Hewasthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他是最后一个离开办公室的。ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournew第74页共74页 library.（将要建的）Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.（正在建的）Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.（已经建成的）IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。2.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson______.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B和D；答案A中，没有to就意味着是把George这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这个人—George,it指这个报告，因此to不能少。答案C。（六）非谓语作状语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系与谓语动作的时间关系doing（一般式）作状语主动关系（几乎）与谓语动作同时进行havingdone（完成式）作状语主动关系先于谓语动作发生havingbeendone（完成被动式）作状语被动关系先于谓语动作发生done（过去分词）作状语被动关系已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.Having(=Becausewehave)madefullpreparations,wearesuretobesuccessful.Havingbeenshownaround(=Afterwehadbeenshown)thelibrary,wewerethentakentoseethelaboratory.Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.Locked(=Whenhewaslocked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.2.too…to…,enoughtodo…,onlyto…等结构表示结果Theboyistooyoungtojointhenavy.这男孩太小参不了海军。Thehallisbigenoughtohold1,000people.这厅大得足以容纳一千人。Theyliftarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.3.分词（短语）作状语的附着规则使用分词（短语）作句子状语时，有一条规则必须遵守：即分词（短语）的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致，否则句子就是错句。_____fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HaveseenD.Tosee【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。答案A。对比：Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanfindthesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.第74页共74页 主要：已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词（短语）不需要遵守这条附着规则常见的的有：considering…(鉴于/考虑到……)，judgingby/from…(从……来看，依据……来判断)，supposingthat…(假定……)，providingthat…(假定……)，accordingto…(依据……)，including…(包括……)，owingto…(由于……)，talking/speakingof…(谈及……)given…(考虑到……),providedthat…(如果……)4.独立主格结构和with复合结构▲逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词Isendyou100dollarstoday,theresttofollowinayear.今天我先给你寄100美元。其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。Weatherpermitting,I’llgototheparkwithmyparentsonSunday.如果天气允许，星期天我将和爸妈去公园。Allthingsconsidered,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。▲with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.有很多难题要解决新任总统日子可不好过！Withoutanythingtoeat,hediedofhunger.由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。TheYangtzeriverisverybusywithsomanyboatsandshipscomingandgoingeveryday.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。Withoutanymoretimegiven,wecouldn"tfinishthetaskinthreeweeks.如果不另给我们时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。（七）不定式的省略不定式的省略我们可以分作两种，一种是对不定式符号“to”的省略（如：makesb.dosth等）；另一种则是不定式符号“to”后省略实义动词的形式。这儿讲的是第二种情况（又称不定式符号to的替代作用）。常见情形有：①would/shouldlike/loveto,usedto,haveto,oughtto,begoingto,beableto,bewillingto等后面的to均为不定式符号，重复时可省略to后该不定式短语。如：—Couldyoulendmeyourdictionary?能把你的词典借给我吗？—I’dliketo(lendyoumydictionary).行。②动词afford,agree,expect,forget,hope,intend,manage,need,pretend,refuse,try,want,wish等后面常接不定式短语作宾语，重复时可省略to后该宾语。如：Youmayaskhimforhelpifyouwantto(askhimforhelp).如果你愿意，可以请他帮你。③动词allow,beg,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,tell,persuade等后面常接不定式短语作宾语补足语，重复时可省略to后该宾语补足语。如：I’llgotoherbirthdaypartyifsheinvitesmeto(gotoherbirthdayparty).如果她邀请我参加她的生日聚会，我会去。（八）非谓语动词的逻辑主语第74页共74页 一般说来非谓语动词的逻辑主语要么就是句子的主语或宾语，要么就是被它所修饰的中心词。但是有时需要明确非谓语动词所表示动作的执行者或承受者，这时就要标明它的逻辑主语。①当动名词短语作主语、宾语或表语时，具有名词特性，其逻辑主语由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词”表示，放在动名词短语之前。当动名词短语不在句首时，也可由“名词普通格或代词宾格”表示。Helen’s/Herbeingabsentmadetheteacherveryangry.海伦/她没来上课，让老师很生气。Theyinsistedonmy/mespeakingatthemeeting.他们坚持要我在会上发言。②形容词+for+名词或代词+动词不定式形容词通常表示事物的性质ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。③形容词+of+名词或代词+动词不定式形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征Howcarelessitisofhimtobreaksuchavaluablevase!他真不小心，把如此贵重的花瓶打破了。It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿（九）关于therebe的非谓语形式therebe非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语1.作动词宾语时，通常用theretobe结构，而不用therebeing。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：Wedon"twanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere．我们并不反对在这里开会。2.作状语多用therebeing结构，但若置于介词for之后要用theretobeTherebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语) It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup．太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime，thegroundwasverydry.因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语)3.作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用theretobe.Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers.校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。Pleasedomeafavor—______myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.第74页共74页 A.toinviteB.invitingC.inviteD.invited【解析】1.作宾语时的区别①Ican’tstand_____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.A.working,stoppingB.towork,stoppingC.working,tostopD.towork,tostop【解析】②Isn"tittimeyougotdownto______thepapers?A.mark  B.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking【解析】③Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed_______.A.that,tobeimprovedB.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improving【解析】④Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetriedalone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglived【解析】⑤Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsidering______tothecitycentreforthefashionshow.A.togoB.goingC.tohavegoneD.havinggone【解析】2.作表语时的区别①Tomsoundsverymuch______inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly【解析】②Pleaseremain;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated【解析】3.作宾语（主语）补足语时的区别①Theteacheraskedus_________somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake【解析】②—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing【解析】③Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifhewasfound________inkitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked【解析】第74页共74页 ④TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishasmuchaswecan.A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak【解析】4.作后置定语时的区别①Ifthereisalotofwork_______,I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing【解析】②WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson______.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto【解析】③—Thelastone___________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving【解析】④TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames______inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld【解析】⑤ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures______inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed【解析】⑥Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】⑦TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted【解析】⑧—Canthoseatthebackoftheclassroomhearme?—Noproblem.A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat【解析】5.作状语时的区别①Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshasbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totellC.toldD.telling【解析】②Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,______arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching【解析】③Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused【解析】第74页共74页 ④“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_________away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran【解析】⑤toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed【解析】⑥aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow【解析】⑦_____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed【解析】⑧______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput【解析】①Facedwithabillfor$10,000,_______.A.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn B.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentaken  D.Johnhastakenanextrajob【解析】②_________,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally【解析】③____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared【解析】1.不定式的复合结构和否定结构①Itwasfoolish______youtogiveupwhatyourightlyowned.A. for B. of 　C. about D. from 【解析】②Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearule_____.A.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking【解析】③Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating【解析】2.动词不定式的省略结构第74页共74页 ①—What’sthematterwithDella?—Well,herparentswouldn’tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill__.A.hopestoB.hopessoC.hopesnotD.hopesfor【解析】②—Wouldyouliketojoinmeforaquicklunchbeforeclass?—,butIpromisedNancytogooutwithher.A.I’dliketoB.IlikeitC.Idon’tD.Iwill【解析】③Inmyopinion,lifeinthetwenty-firstcenturyismucheasierthan.A.thatusedtobeB.itisusedtoC.itwasusedtoD.itusedtobe【解析】3.不定式的几个特别句型①ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows______.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit【解析】②Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood.A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed【解析】③—IsBobstillperforming?—I’mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft【解析】④Thefluisbelieved_____byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused【解析】4.动名词的复合结构和否定结构①_____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending【解析】②—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed________atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking【解析】③Thenewsof_______greatlymadeussurprisedalotashewasindeedveryexcellent.A.nothishavingelectedB.nothisbeingelectedC.hisnotbeingelectedD.hisnothavingelected【解析】注意：现在分词的否定式也是在其前加not。_______theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Having第74页共74页 notcompleted【答案】C。5.独立主格结构与with复合结构①Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched【解析】②Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished【解析】③—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork_______mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled【解析】④Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished【解析】2009年1.（全国卷I）Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat【答案】【解析】2.（全国卷I）Nowthatwe’vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake【答案】【解析】3.（全国卷II）Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficsmoothly.A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running【答案】【解析】4.（北京卷）Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit___onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow【答案】【解析】5.（北京卷）Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent【答案】【解析】6.（北京卷）_______twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten第74页共74页 【答案】【解析】7.（上海卷）Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_____allfourpeopleonboard.A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill【答案】【解析】8.（上海卷）Withthegovernment’said,those_____bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected【答案】【解析】9.（上海卷）Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold【答案】【解析】10.（上海卷）Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported【答案】【解析】11.（天津卷）______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete【答案】【解析】12.（天津卷）_____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged【答案】【解析】13.（重庆卷）Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,withhisoldone.A.comparingB.comparesC.tocompareD.compared【答案】【解析】14.（重庆卷）Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing【答案】【解析】15.（安徽卷）Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced【答案】【解析】16.（福建卷）nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Having第74页共74页 reminded【答案】【解析】17.（福建卷）InApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarked【答案】【解析】18.（湖南卷）Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen【答案】【解析】19.（湖南卷）Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered【答案】【解析】20.（湖南卷）Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused【答案】【解析】21.（江苏卷）SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,      reduceunemploymentpressures.A.help             B.tohavehelped    C.tohelp   D.havinghelped【答案】【解析】22.（江西卷）_________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given【答案】【解析】23.（江西卷）Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced【答案】【解析】24.（辽宁卷）Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycame______backA.floodingB.tofloodC.flood.D.flooded【答案】【解析】25.（辽宁卷）,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobuyawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner【答案】第74页共74页 【解析】26.（宁夏卷）Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake【答案】【解析】27.（山东卷）Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding【答案】　【解析】28.（陕西卷）IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken【答案】【解析】29.（四川卷）Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had【答案】【解析】30.（四川卷）Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain__________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.toseatD.seat【答案】【解析】31.（四川卷）________manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentoldzxxk【答案】【解析】32.（浙江卷）Thereisagreatdealofevidencethatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating【答案】【解析】33.（浙江卷）andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.A.TobetriedB.TiredC.TiringD.Beingtired【答案】　【解析】2010年1.(全国I卷)Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentsomeoldmaps_________fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing【答案】【解析】2.(全国I卷)WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthe第74页共74页 bank______presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought【答案】【解析】3.(全国卷II)Though______toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome。A.surpriseBwassurprisedC.surprisedD.beingsurprised【答案】【解析】4.(安徽卷)Hehadwonderfulchildhood,_____withhismothertoallcornersoftheword.A.travelB.totravelC.traveledD.traveling【答案】【解析】5.(北京卷)atmyclassmates"faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked【答案】【解析】6.(北京卷)I’mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterday’sChinaDaily.A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised【答案】【解析】7.(福建卷)Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushu,Oinghaiprovinceaftertheearthquake.A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent【答案】【解析】8.(福建卷)InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremainedabroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck【答案】【解析】9.(湖南卷)Listen!Doyouhearsomeone__________forhelp?A.callingB.callC.tocallD.called【答案】【解析】10.(湖南卷)Dina,_______formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.第74页共74页 tostruggle【答案】【解析】11.(湖南卷)Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney___________________inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered【答案】【解析】12.(江苏卷)TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,________thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.A.enablingB.havingenabledC.toenableD.tohaveenabled【答案】【解析】13.(江西卷)Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,aneyeoutforbargains.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep【答案】【解析】14.(江西卷)Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered【答案】【解析】15.(辽宁卷)Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound【答案】【解析】16.(辽宁卷)Alexandertriedtogethiswork_______inthemedicalcircles.A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized【答案】【解析】17.(山东卷)Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted【答案】【解析】18.(山东卷)Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready______foramealtobecooked.A.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaid【答案】第74页共74页 【解析】19.(陕西卷)________fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HaveseenD.Tosee【答案】【解析】20.(陕西卷)Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished【答案】【解析】21.(四川卷)Inmanypeople’sopinion，thatcompany，thoughrelativelysmall，ispleasant.A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith【答案】【解析】22.(四川卷)Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning【答案】【解析】23.(四川卷)Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention，tomissanypoint.A.nottryingB.tryingnotC.totrynotD.nottotry【答案】【解析】24.(天津卷)Irainedheavilyinthesouth,_______seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause【答案】【解析】25.(重庆卷)Thenewsshockedthepublic,togreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.A.havingledB.ledC.leadingD.tolead【答案】【解析】26.(重庆卷)Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheonefirstisthelibrary.A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired【答案】【解析】25.(浙江卷)Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if__regularly,canimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.to第74页共74页 carryout【答案】【解析】27.(浙江卷)Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand__lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing【答案】【解析】29.(上海卷)Ihadgreatdifficultythesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding【答案】【解析】30.(上海卷)Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues_______withherstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused【答案】【解析】31.(上海卷)thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metresinheight.A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached【答案】【解析】32.(上海卷)Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents"bathrooms.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce【答案】【解析】2011年1.（新课标卷）Thenextthinghesawwassmoke______frombehindthehouse.A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen【答案】【解析】2.（大纲卷）Theisland,______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined【答案】【解析】3.（大纲卷）Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,______nothingabouttheargument.A.saysB:saidC.tosayD.saying【答案】【解析】第74页共74页 4.（北京卷）It’simportantforthefigures_________regularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated【答案】【解析】5.（北京卷）33.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,________onyourfeet.A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept【答案】【解析】6.（上海卷）It’snouse____________withouttakingaction.A.complainB.complainingC.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained【答案】【解析】7.（上海卷）Therarefish,_____fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.A.savedB.savingC.tobesavedD.havingsaved【答案】【解析】8.（上海卷）AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,____thathecoulddonothingtohelp.A.torealizeB.realizedC.realizingD.beingrealized【答案】【解析】9.（上海卷）Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost【答案】【解析】10.（山东卷）Lookoverthere—there’saverylong,windingpath______uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead【答案】【解析】11.（江西卷）Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife_____shehadafall,MrGordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromoffice.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay【答案】【解析】12.（江苏卷）Recentlyasurvey_____pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarkets第74页共74页 hascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared【答案】【解析】13.（安徽卷）Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak【答案】【解析】14.（浙江卷）Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves______forwords.A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost【答案】【解析】15.(浙江卷)Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some_________alifespanofaround20years.A.havingBhadC.haveD.tohave【答案】【解析】16.（浙江卷）Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered【答案】【解析】17.（福建卷）TsinghuaUniversity,____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded【答案】【解析】18.（福建卷）ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable_______.A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold【答案】【解析】19.（四川卷）Lydiadoesn’tfeellike_____abroad.Herparentsareold.A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy【答案】【解析】20.（四川卷）Simonmadeabigbamboobox_______thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep【答案】第74页共74页 【解析】21.（四川卷）_________animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer【答案】【解析】22.（辽宁卷）______aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering【答案】【解析】23.（天津卷）Passengersarepermitted_____onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried【答案】【解析】24.（天津卷）______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated【答案】【解析】25.（陕西卷）Clairehadluggage_______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked【答案】【解析】26.（陕西卷）MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,___________itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade【答案】【解析】27.（重庆卷）MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced_______people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised【答案】【解析】28.（重庆卷）MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself________ofhisowndreams.A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind【答案】【解析】29.（湖南卷）Theability_____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.第74页共74页 A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed【答案】【解析】30.（湖南卷）Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected【答案】【解析】31.（湖南卷）Doyouwakeupeverymorning__________energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt【答案】【解析】1.—Whatdoyoudoyesterdayafternoon?—Iwenttothebookstore,___somebooksandvisitedmyuncle.　A.tobuy　B.boughtC.Buy　D.buying【答案】【解析】2.________apleasant,smallconversationwithsomeoneyoudon’tknow,andpeoplewillfeelrelaxedandenjoyyourcompany.A.StartingB.TostartC.StartD.Havingstarted【答案】　【解析】3.ShellaforgotallaboutthedogandtheTVset,________inthenewmagazinethathadcomeinthemail.A.deeplylostB.deeplylosingC.wasdeeplylostD.anddeeplylost【答案】　【解析】4.Canyouimaginewhatdifficultypeoplehadthisyear________againsttheseverenaturaldisasters?A.fighting　　　B.tofightC.fought　　　D.fight【答案】【解析】5.With  everything   sheneeded　　　　，shewentoutoftheshop.A.boughtB.tobuyC.buyingD.buy【答案】【解析】6.Incommonpractice,anEnglishmanstartsaconversation________with“Whatagoodday！”and________itwithphraseslike“Seeyou.”or“Bye.”A.beginning;endingB.begins;endingC.beginning;endsD.begins;ends【答案】　【解析】7.—Whatareyougoingtodothisevening？—Weareconsidering　　　　anditisconsidered　　　agoodidea.A.goingswimming；tobeB.togoswimming；beingC.goingswimming；beingD.togoswimming；tobe【答案】第74页共74页 【解析】8.—Howishegettingalongwithhisswimming？—　　　　he’sonlybeenlearningforaweek,he’sdoingreallywell.A.ConsideredB.BeingconsideredC.ToconsiderD.Considering【答案】【解析】9.Almosteveryone,teenagersinparticular,enjoyedusingtextmessaging,andtheybegantocreateanewlanguageformessages________“texting”.A.tocall　　　　　　　B.callingC.calledD.havingcalled【答案】　【解析】10.Allpassengers________injuredintheaccidentweresenttothenearbyhospitalinnotime.A.tofindB.beingfoundC.tobefoundD.found【答案】　【解析】11.Theearlywarningoffloods，________overtheradioandonTV,spreadquicklythroughthearea.A.havingbroadcastB.broadcastingC.broadcastD.tobebroadcast【答案】　【解析】12.Carbondioxide________fromburningfuelsisthemostcommonofthesocalledgreenhousegases.A.producingB.havingbeenproducedC.tobeproducedD.produced【答案】【解析】13.Inhisvictoryspeech,________beforeahugecrowdofhissupporters,ObamadeclaredthatchangehascometoAmerica.A.havingdeliveredB.tobedeliveredC.deliveringD.delivered【答案】　【解析】14.Thewininthe100meterbutterflygivestheAmericanswimmerMichaelPhelpseightgoldmedalsinBeijing,________therecordsetbyAmericanlegendMarkSpitzatthe1972MunichGames.A.breakingB.brokenC.tobreakD.beingbroken【答案】　【解析】15.—Hedidn’tfeelabitnervouswhen________.—No.He’dhadalotoftime________foritafterall.A.interviewing;toprepareB.interviewed;toprepareC.interviewing;preparingD.beinginterviewed;preparing【答案】【解析】16.Thepsychologicalconsultationcentershaveseenasharpriseinthenumberofstudentslookingforhelp,most________theywereconfusedanddepressed.A.saidB.tosayC.sayD.saying【答案】　【解析】17.Theboyislookingforwardto________ifhismotheriscoming.A.seeB.seeingC.seenD.saw第74页共74页 【答案】【解析】18.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp　　　　intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded【答案】【解析】19.—HaveyouseenMr.Litoday？—No,heissaid　　　　Wuhanonbusiness.A.togotoB.tohavebeentoC.tohavegonetoD.tohas【答案】【解析】20.Theforeignerexplainedagainandagainbuthestillcouldn’tmakehimself　　　　.A.understandB.understoodC.beunderstoodD.understanding【答案】【解析】21.Itrainedfortwoweeksonend，completely　　　　ourholiday.A.ruinedB.toruinC.ruiningD.ruins【答案】【解析】22.MadameMichelfoundherselfinan_______position,andthereforeshefeltrather_______.A.embarrassing;embarrassedB.embarrassed;embarrassedC.embarrassing;embarrassingD.embarrassed;embarrassing【答案】【解析】23.Iexpected________manystudentsintheclassroom，butinfactnoonewasinit.A.tohaveB.therewasC.theretohaveD.theretobe【答案】【解析】24.Quiteafewpeople________thatdisasterwassuretostrikeifamirrorwasbroken.A.wereusedtobelieveB.wereusedtobelievingC.usedtobelieveD.usedtobelieving【答案】【解析】25.Allalongthewaytothetouristdestination,hewouldsometimesslowdownthecar________sureifweweregoingtherightway.A.makingB.tomakeC.madeD.tobemaking【答案】【解析】26.WhenIcamethere,Ifoundhim________atthebackofthehallwithhiseyes________onabook.A.seating;fixingB.seated;fixedC.seating;fixedD.seated;fixing【答案】【解析】27._______Sunday,ratherthan_______athome,Ipreferred_______.A.Itbeing;stay;totravel　B.Being;tostay;totravel第74页共74页 　C.shavingsbeen;stay;travel　D.Itwas;tostay;travelling【答案】【解析】28.　　　　inaheavytrafficjamisquiteanunpleasantexperience.A.CaughtB.HavingcaughtC.BeingcaughtD.Tocatch【答案】【解析】29.ApowerfulearthquakestruckHaiti’scapital，________tensofthousandshomelessandburiedinruins.A.left　　　B.toleaveC.beingleft　　　D.leaving【答案】【解析】30.Whentheministercametothesnow-strickenarea,hewashappytoseethedisastervictimswell________.A.takecareof　　　B.tookcareofC.takencareof　　　D.takingcareof【答案】【解析】31.AfewdaysaftertheinterviewIreceivedaletter________myadmissiontotheuniversity.A.offering　B.offeredC.havingoffered　　D.tobeoffered【答案】【解析】32.CaoCao’stombisreported________inAnyang,whichattractsnationwideattention.A.beingfound　　　B.tobefoundC.havingbeenfound　　D.tohavebeenfound【答案】【解析】33.Aftersufferingaheartattack,MichaelJacksonwaspronounceddead,________atragicendtotheworld’smostpopularentertainer.A.marking　　　B.tomarkC.marked　　　D.havingmarked【答案】【解析】34.YoucanhardlyimaginetheeffortsIhavemade________thegoal.A.toachieve　　B.ofachievingC.toofachieving　　D.tohaveachieved【答案】【解析】35.—Becareful！Don’tforgetyouareonaladder.—Butyouareholdingitforme,nothing________.A.worryabout　　　B.toworryaboutC.isworriedabout　D.worryingabout【答案】【解析】非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词。1.非谓语动词的语法功能第74页共74页 所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语插入语（独立成分）V-ing形式现在分词●●●●动名词●●●●不定式（todo）●●●●●●过去分词（done）●●●●注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词totellyouthetruth(实话说)，needlesstosay(不用说)，tobehonest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，tobemoreexact(更确切地说)，tomakethingsworse(更糟的是)，nottomention…(更不用说)，Generally/Frankly/Roughlyspeaking(一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说)2.非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式todotobedoneforsb.todosth.或ofsb.todosth.在“to”前加not或never进行式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/动名词一般式doingbeingdonesb.或sb’sdoing作主语要用sb’sdoing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式：sb’snotdoingsb’snothavingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not（一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。①Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand__lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.weighsC.weighedD.weighing【解析】容易误选B或C，将其当成谓语看待。undertheageoffourand____lessthan第74页共74页 40pounds用作children的定语。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。②______bloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.Togive【解析】如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选A或C项。这是祈使句+and+陈述句的句型。答案B。（二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语①ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。②IthinkitimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。it作形式主语使用动名词的句型①Itisnouse/nogood/useless+doingsth.Itisnousecrying.哭没有用。②Itisfun(agreatpleasure,awasteoftime)Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定①Idon’twant____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded【解析】want后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。答案A。类似的知识点要记牢。如：help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语。②Itisdifficulttoimaginehis________thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.A.acceptB.acceptingC.toacceptD.accepted【解析】imagine要求用动名词作宾语。答案B。类似的知识点要记牢。下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语第74页共74页 suggest,risk,devoteoneselfto（建议冒险去献身）finish,imagine,bear/stand,lookforwardto（完成想象忍盼望）giveup,delay/putoff,regret,miss（放弃延期悔失去）insiston/stickto,enjoy/appreciate,feellike,practice（坚持欣赏要实践）payattentionto,excuse,escape/avoid,objectto（注意原谅逃/避反对）keep,be/getusedto/beaccustomedto,mind（保持习惯勿介意）beworth,setabout/burstout/getdownto,bebusy（值得开始将忙乎）3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans____foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。”meandoingsth意为“意味着什么”，meantodosth意为“试图、打算做什么”。答案A。类似的知识点要记牢。①动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同remembertodosth.记住要做rememberdoingsth.记得过去做过forgettodosth.忘了已做过的事forgetdoingsth.忘记要做某事②动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同regrettodosth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾regretdoingsth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔meantodosth.打算，想要meandoing意味着，意思是trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁，忍不住can’thelp(to)dosth.不能帮忙做某事beconsideredtohavedone被认为已经做了consider…tobe认为是第74页共74页 considerdoing考虑做某事③动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同want，need，require接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系Theseyoungtreesrequirelookingafter（=tobelookedafter）.Thematterneedsthinkingover(=tobethoughtover).④下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语stoptodo停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stopdoing停止做（动名词作宾语）goontodo接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）goondoing继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）4.有些动词后要用“疑问词＋不定式”结构作复合宾语ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit【解析】本题考查“疑问词＋不定式”和动词短语dowith的用法。答案C。（三）非谓语作表语的重点①不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”。Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。Theirjobismakingwheelchairsfordisabledpeople.他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。Thisbeautifulvillageremainsunknowntotherestoftheworld.这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。②现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态。如：Thisdogisfrightening.这条狗让人害怕。（说明狗的特征）Thisdogisfrightened.这条狗有些害怕。（说明狗的心理状态）Climbingistiringandwearecompletelytiredafteraday"sclimbing.第74页共74页 爬山是累人的，爬了一天的山我们都全累坏了。（tiring说明climbing的特征，tired说明我们的状态）注意：在下列句中，非谓语动词具体的语法功能Whathewantedtosuggestistocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.他想建议的是降价促销。（不定式作表语，说明主语“是什么”）MyAmericanteacheristoleaveChinasoon.我的美国老师即将离开中国。（不定式作表语，表示将来）Herworkistakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是照顾小孩。（现在分词作表语，说明主语“是什么”）Sheistakingcareofthechildren.她在照料小孩。（构成进行时，说明主语正在执行的动作）Thecupisbroken.杯子碎了。（过去分词作表语，说明主语所处的状态）ThecupwasbrokenbyPeter.杯子是被彼得打坏的。（构成被动语态，说明主语是动作的承受者）（四）非谓语作宾语补足语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系非谓语与宾语的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式主动关系①在谓语动词后发生②不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程现在分词主动关系同时进行过去分词被动关系动作已经完成或表示状态WhenIcamein,Isawherdancinghappily.（主动进行）Isawhimgotothecinema.（主动，全过程）Weheardhersingingnextdoor.（主动进行）Weheardthesongsungbyhernextdoor.（被动完成）Weheardthesongbeingsungnextdoor.（被动进行）2.下列动词和短语必须以用不定式作宾语补足语wish,want,ask,require/request,order,warn,allow/permit,forbid,expect,remind,encourage,inspire,callon,dependon注意：advise/allow/permit/forbid+宾语+不定式作宾语补足语第74页共74页 advise/allow/permit/forbid+动名词作宾语时①Whatdidthelibrarian_____outofthelibrary? A.permittotakeB.forbidtobetakenC.allowtotakeD.insistbeingtaken②Idon’tallow______inmyofficeandIdon’tallowmyfamily______atall.A.tosmoke…smokingB.smoking…tosmokeC.tosmoke…tosmokeD.smoking…smoking答案：BB3.在think,consider,find等动词后常用tobe+adj.结构作宾语补足语，有时tobe省略。Wealldiscoverhim(tobe)kindandhonest.4.几个特别的结构▲have+宾语+do/doing/done①“have+宾语+dosth”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的have是使役动词，宾语后的dosth是不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。Thebossoftenhasthemworkfor14hoursaday.老板经常要他们一天工作14个小时。②“have+宾语+doing”意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”。宾语后面用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。Don’thavethedogbarkingmuch,Lilin.李林，别让狗狂吠不停。③“have+宾语+done”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或者是“遭受/遭遇了……，此时，主语是无意中的受害者，而不是动作的执行者”的意思。宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。Wehadthemachinemendedjustnow.我们刚才请人把机器修好了。Hehadhisleginjuredwhileplayingfootball.他在踢足球时腿受了伤。▲get+宾语+todo/doing/done三种结构的意义请参看上述“have+宾语+do/doing/done”的意义解释。Hegothissistertohelphimwithhisclothes.他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。Canyoureallygetthatoldclockgoingagain你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？Dorisgotherbadtoothpulledoutinthehospital.多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。▲catchsb.doingsth逮住某人干某事第74页共74页 Ifshecatchesmereadingherdiary,she’llbefurious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。▲make+oneself+doneoneself与其后的过去分词存在着动宾关系，或者说是被动关系Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheard.他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。（五）非谓语作定语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系分类形式与被修饰词的逻辑关系与谓语动作的时间关系不定式todo动宾关系在谓语动作后发生“thelast/next/first...”后常接不定式作定语，表示主谓关系在谓语动作前或者后发生tobedone被动关系在谓语动作后发生现在分词doing主动关系与谓语动作同时进行beingdone被动关系与谓语动作同时进行过去分词done被动关系在谓语动作之前发生存在的状态或情况ItisagoodchancetopracticeyourspokenEnglish.这是练习你的口语的好机会。Hewasthelastonetoleavetheoffice.他是最后一个离开办公室的。ThewomanstandingoverthereisourEnglishteacher.站在那边的那个妇女是我们的英语老师。Thehousetobebuilt(=whichwillbebuilt/whichistobebuilt)nextyearwillbeournewlibrary.（将要建的）Thehousebeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)nowwillbeournewlibrary.（正在建的）Thehousebuilt(=whichwasbuilt)lastyearisournewlibrarynow.（已经建成的）IlikereadingbookswrittenbyLuXun.我喜欢读鲁迅写的小说。2.动词不定式尾后的介词不能丢WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson______.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto【解析】该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B和D；答案A中，没有to就意味着是把George这个人打发走。本句意思是将该报告送给这个人—George,it指这个报告，因此to不能少。答案C。（六）非谓语作状语的重点1.理解下表中所列的关系第74页共74页 非谓语与逻辑主语（即句子的主语）的关系与谓语动作的时间关系doing（一般式）作状语主动关系（几乎）与谓语动作同时进行havingdone（完成式）作状语主动关系先于谓语动作发生havingbeendone（完成被动式）作状语被动关系先于谓语动作发生done（过去分词）作状语被动关系已经在过去发生或是不十分强调时间概念Waiting(=WhenIwaswaiting)toseethedoctor,Imetwithafriendofmine.Having(=Becausewehave)madefullpreparations,wearesuretobesuccessful.Havingbeenshownaround(=Afterwehadbeenshown)thelibrary,wewerethentakentoseethelaboratory.Seen(=Whenthetownisseen)fromthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.Locked(=Whenhewaslocked)upintheroom,hefoundhimselfisolatedfromtheouterworld.2.too…to…,enoughtodo…,onlyto…等结构表示结果Theboyistooyoungtojointhenavy.这男孩太小参不了海军。Thehallisbigenoughtohold1,000people.这厅大得足以容纳一千人。Theyliftarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet他们搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。注意：动词作结果作状语表示未曾预料的结果，而现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然或必然的结果。Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.3.分词（短语）作状语的附着规则使用分词（短语）作句子状语时，有一条规则必须遵守：即分词（短语）的逻辑主语应当与句子的主语一致，否则句子就是错句。_____fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HaveseenD.Tosee【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。答案A。对比：Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanfindthesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.第74页共74页 主要：已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词（短语）不需要遵守这条附着规则常见的的有：considering…(鉴于/考虑到……)，judgingby/from…(从……来看，依据……来判断)，supposingthat…(假定……)，providingthat…(假定……)，accordingto…(依据……)，including…(包括……)，owingto…(由于……)，talking/speakingof…(谈及……)given…(考虑到……),providedthat…(如果……)4.独立主格结构和with复合结构▲逻辑主语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词Isendyou100dollarstoday,theresttofollowinayear.今天我先给你寄100美元。其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。Weatherpermitting,I’llgototheparkwithmyparentsonSunday.如果天气允许，星期天我将和爸妈去公园。Allthingsconsidered,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。▲with(without)+宾语+不定式/现在分词/过去分词Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.有很多难题要解决新任总统日子可不好过！Withoutanythingtoeat,hediedofhunger.由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。TheYangtzeriverisverybusywithsomanyboatsandshipscomingandgoingeveryday.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。Withoutanymoretimegiven,wecouldn"tfinishthetaskinthreeweeks.如果不另给我们时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。（七）不定式的省略不定式的省略我们可以分作两种，一种是对不定式符号“to”的省略（如：makesb.dosth等）；另一种则是不定式符号“to”后省略实义动词的形式。这儿讲的是第二种情况（又称不定式符号to的替代作用）。常见情形有：①would/shouldlike/loveto,usedto,haveto,oughtto,begoingto,beableto,bewillingto第74页共74页 等后面的to均为不定式符号，重复时可省略to后该不定式短语。如：—Couldyoulendmeyourdictionary?能把你的词典借给我吗？—I’dliketo(lendyoumydictionary).行。②动词afford,agree,expect,forget,hope,intend,manage,need,pretend,refuse,try,want,wish等后面常接不定式短语作宾语，重复时可省略to后该宾语。如：Youmayaskhimforhelpifyouwantto(askhimforhelp).如果你愿意，可以请他帮你。③动词allow,beg,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,tell,persuade等后面常接不定式短语作宾语补足语，重复时可省略to后该宾语补足语。如：I’llgotoherbirthdaypartyifsheinvitesmeto(gotoherbirthdayparty).如果她邀请我参加她的生日聚会，我会去。（八）非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般说来非谓语动词的逻辑主语要么就是句子的主语或宾语，要么就是被它所修饰的中心词。但是有时需要明确非谓语动词所表示动作的执行者或承受者，这时就要标明它的逻辑主语。①当动名词短语作主语、宾语或表语时，具有名词特性，其逻辑主语由“名词所有格或形容词性物主代词”表示，放在动名词短语之前。当动名词短语不在句首时，也可由“名词普通格或代词宾格”表示。Helen’s/Herbeingabsentmadetheteacherveryangry.海伦/她没来上课，让老师很生气。Theyinsistedonmy/mespeakingatthemeeting.他们坚持要我在会上发言。②形容词+for+名词或代词+动词不定式形容词通常表示事物的性质ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。③形容词+of+名词或代词+动词不定式第74页共74页 形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征Howcarelessitisofhimtobreaksuchavaluablevase!他真不小心，把如此贵重的花瓶打破了。It’sbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿（九）关于therebe的非谓语形式therebe非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语1.作动词宾语时，通常用theretobe结构，而不用therebeing。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：Wedon"twanttheretobeanycomradeslaggingbehind.我们不希望有任何同志掉队。Theyhatetheretobelongqueueseverywhere..他们不愿意处处都要排长队。Wehavenoobjectiontotherebeingameetinghere．我们并不反对在这里开会。2.作状语多用therebeing结构，但若置于介词for之后要用theretobeTherebeingnobodyelseathand,Ihadtodobymyself．由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语) It’stooearlyfortheretobeanybodyup．太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) Therehavingbeennorainforalongtime，thegroundwasverydry.因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语)3.作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用theretobe.Itisnotuncommonfortheretobeproblemsofcommunicationbetweenoldandyoung.老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。Therebeingakindergartenoncampusisagreatconveniencetofemaleteachers.校园内有幼儿园对女教师十分方便。Pleasedomeafavor—______myfriendMr.SmithtoYouthTheaterat7:30tonight.A.toinviteB.invitingC.inviteD.invited【解析】答案为C。该题目把祈使句，非谓语动词以及破折号的作用综合到一起来进行考察查。句意：请帮我个忙——邀请我的朋友史密斯先生今晚7点半到青年剧院。破折号后是一个祈使句。第74页共74页 1.作宾语时的区别①Ican’tstand_____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.A.working,stoppingB.towork,stoppingC.working,tostopD.towork,tostop【解析】答案为C。stand在这里表示“忍受”，后面要求用动名词作宾语，而“refuse”要用不定式作宾语。②Isn"tittimeyougotdownto______thepapers?A.mark  B.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking【解析】答案为D。“gotdownto”中的“to”是介词因而要用动名词作宾语，而动名词“marking”与其逻辑主语“you”是主动关系。③Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____roadconditionsneed_______.A.that,tobeimprovedB.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improving【解析】答案为A。因为“公路状况需要改善”，“need”后接“improving”或“tobeimproved”都可以。后面的从句应是“problem”的同位语，应用“that”引导。④Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetriedalone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivingD.havinglived【解析】答案为A。trydoingsth.意为“试着做某事”；trytodosth.意为“尽力去做某事”。句意：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活，但不喜欢这样，又搬回家去了。⑤Allthestaffinourcompanyareconsidering______tothecitycentreforthefashionshow.A.togoB.goingC.tohavegoneD.havinggone【解析】答案为B。considerdoing意为“考虑做某事”。2.作表语时的区别第74页共74页 ①Tomsoundsverymuch______inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedly【解析】答案为A。“sound”是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。C、D备选项都是副词，应排除。“interest”的现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感兴趣的”。②Pleaseremain;thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.A.seatingB.seatedC.toseatD.tobeseated【解析】答案为B。“seat”是及物动词，“beseated=sitdown”。此处“seated=sitting”。“remainseated”保持坐着的状态。句意为：请各位在座位上坐着；获奖者很快就会宣布的。3.作宾语（主语）补足语时的区别①Theteacheraskedus_________somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake【解析】答案为D。在动词“ask”后面用不定式作宾语补足语，其否定形式是“nottodo”。②—Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing③Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifhewasfound________inkitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked【解析】答案为B。“find”后接现在分词作主语补足语。此句中“smoking”是主语“he”的补足语,所以称为主语补足语。表示主动的正在发生的事。根据“immediately”可判断出“厨师当场被发现在厨房吸烟会被立即开除”。④TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishasmuchaswecan.A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak【解析】答案为C。此处考查“hear+宾语+do/doing/done”的结构。因为“English”是“被说”，故用过去分词（spoken）作宾补，表示被动。第74页共74页 4.作后置定语时的区别①Ifthereisalotofwork_______,I’mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing【解析】答案为A。“work”和“do”虽然存在逻辑上的动宾关系，但主语“I”和“do”存在逻辑上的主谓关系，此时用“todo”做后置定语。②WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastheperson______.A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto【解析】答案为C。该题中须用不定式短语作后置定语，排除B和D选项；答案A项意为“送乔治这个人走”，显然不符合题意。而应该是将报告送给“乔治这个人”才符合题意。“it”指这个报告。后面的介词“to”不能少。③—Thelastone___________paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving【解析】答案为C。“thelast/next/first...”后常接不定式作定语。④TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames______inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld【解析】答案为D。非谓语动词作后置定语的三种情况：themeetingtobeheld意为“即将召开的会议”；themeetingheld意为“已经召开的会议”；themeetingbeingheld是“正在召开的会议”的意思。很显然当时（2006年）“the29thOlympicGames”还没有召开，故选D项。⑤ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures______inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed【解析】答案为C。根据本题提供的语境，“看书时有画面在大脑中形成。”而句中有谓语“thereare”，所以本应填非谓语动词，可排除B项。又因为“看书的同时就会形成”，排除A、D选项，故选C项作定语。⑥Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.第74页共74页 A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】答案为C。参看上面的例④。⑦TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted【解析】答案为C。参看上面例④的简析。⑧—Canthoseatthebackoftheclassroomhearme?—Noproblem.A.seatB.sitC.seatedD.sat【解析】答案为C。“sit”为不及物动词，可用“sitting”作定语；“seat”为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用“beseated”形式。这里“seat”与“those”构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用其过去分词作定语=thosewhoareseated…。5.作状语时的区别①Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshasbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totellC.toldD.telling【解析】答案为A。“only”后接不定式表示出人意料的结果。②Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,______arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching【解析】答案为B。从句意来分析,主句部分表示油价上涨了百分之三十二，逗号后面的内容为油价上涨后的必然结果“达到……记录”。③Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused【解析】答案为D。因“Thestorm”与“cause”存在逻辑上的主动关系，故排除选项A；不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除B、C选项；因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前,所以用完成式。④“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_________away.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran【解析】答案为B。“runningaway”在此作“shouted”的伴随状语,由珍妮特发出这一动作,故用现在分词。第74页共74页 ⑤toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed【解析】答案为D。非谓语动词与主语构成主谓关系。且“没有打动电话”在“发电子邮件”前已经发生。用现在分词主动式的完成式作时间状语。⑥aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow【解析】答案为C。“show”与“take”之间有明显的时间先后关系，且句子的主语与“show”构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故该空格处用完成式的被动形式。⑦_____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed【解析】答案为A。“dress”是及物动词，其用法为“dresssb./oneself（表动作）、bedressedin（表状态）”。“dress”与“he”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词。⑧______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput【解析】答案为A。句子的主语是“thehotline”与“投入使用”存在着逻辑上的被动关系，而且表示过去的事情,所以排除D项。①Facedwithabillfor$10,000,_______.A.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn B.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentaken  D.Johnhastakenanextrajob【解析】答案为A。根据“分词作状语其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致”的原则，只有A项才对。②_________,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.A.GeneralspeakingB.SpeakinggeneralC.GenerallyspeakingD.Speakinggenerally第74页共74页 【解析】答案为C。分词短语独立成分。现在分词短语作为习语不遵守分词的附着规则。③____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared【解析】答案为D。分词的逻辑主语为“thebiggestocean”，它不能发出“compare”动作。从“compareAwithB”的结构我们可以推断，它们之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。如选B或C项，则就是“垂悬分词”。1.不定式的复合结构和否定结构①Itwasfoolish______youtogiveupwhatyourightlyowned.A. for B. of 　C. about D. from 【解析】答案为B。本句可以改成：Youwerefoolishtogiveup…。形容词与非谓语动词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。②Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtomearule_____.A.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking【解析】答案为B。动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。“规则被打破”要用被动式。③Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating【解析】答案为C。动词不定式的否定式是在“to”前加“not”或“never”。2.动词不定式的省略结构①—What’sthematterwithDella?—Well,herparentswouldn’tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill__.A.hopestoB.hopessoC.hopesnotD.hopesfor【解析】答案为A。在不定式作简略回答时，常常将不定式“to”之后的内容省略。②—Wouldyouliketojoinmeforaquicklunchbeforeclass?—,butIpromisedNancytogooutwithher.A.I’dliketoB.IlikeitC.Idon’tD.Iwill【解析】答案为A。简略答语中省略动词，只保留动词不定式符号。第74页共74页 ③Inmyopinion,lifeinthetwenty-firstcenturyismucheasierthan.A.thatusedtobeB.itisusedtoC.itwasusedtoD.itusedtobe【解析】答案为D。表示“过去常常……”用“usedtodo”。本题中“be”为连系动词，不是实义动词，不能省略。3.不定式的几个特别句型①ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows______.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit【解析】答案为C。“疑问词+不定式”作动词“knows”的宾语，而todowithsth.意为“处置、对付”是固定搭配。“it”是“with”的宾语指“theland”。“whattodowithit”当于宾语从句“whatthegovernmentshoulddowithit”。②Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood.A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed【解析】答案为B。在“主语+be+adj.+todo”句型中，动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。③—IsBobstillperforming?—I’mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft【解析】答案为A。在“Sb./Sth.is/was+过去分词+不定式”句型中，如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词前面发生，动词不定式要用完成式。④Thefluisbelieved_____byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused【解析】答案为C。在“Sb./Sth.is/was+过去分词+不定式”句型中，如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词后面发生，动词不定式要用一般式。4.动名词的复合结构和否定结构①_____themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending【解析】答案为D。此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语，句中“the第74页共74页 president’s”为名词所有格充当动名“attending”的逻辑主语。②—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed________atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking【解析】答案为D。词组“beaccusedto（习惯于）”，其中“to”是介词，后跟名词或动名词。动名词的否定式在其前加“not”。③Thenewsof_______greatlymadeussurprisedalotashewasindeedveryexcellent.A.nothishavingelectedB.nothisbeingelectedC.hisnotbeingelectedD.hisnothavingelected【解析】答案为C。如果将D选项改成“hisnothavingbeenelected”也对。注意：现在分词的否定式也是在其前加not。_______theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted【答案】C。5.独立主格结构与with复合结构①Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent________attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched【解析】答案为B。独立主格结构作状语，排除谓语动词形式，即A项。“themostrecent”与“launch”为逻辑上的被动关系，且“launch”在谓语动词之前发生。②Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished【解析】答案为B。根据句子结构判断，此处为独立主格结构，且功课是被完成，因此用过去分词。③—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork_______mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled【解析】答案为B。“somuchwork”与“fill”之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,第74页共74页 并且强调此时状态,故用现在分词。④Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork______,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished【解析】答案为A。“hiswork”与“finish”之间逻辑上存在被动关系，用过去分词表示被动且已经完成。2009年1.（全国卷I）Thechildrenallturnedthefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedatB.tolookatC.tolookingatD.lookat【答案】B【解析】句意：当那位著名的女演员进教室的时候，孩子们一下子都转过去看她。不要把“to”和“turn”联系在一起理解为“turnto（转向，求助）”的词组，该词组中的“to”是介词。本题是不定式作目的状语。2.（全国卷I）Nowthatwe’vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake【答案】C【解析】句意：既然我们讨论了我们的问题，那么人们满意所作的决定吗？Thedecisions和take之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。3.（全国卷II）Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficsmoothly.A.beingrunB.runC.torunD.running【答案】D【解析】这儿构成“keepsth.doing”固定用法。现在分词作动词keep的宾语补足语。traffic与run之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。4.（北京卷）Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit___onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow【答案】A【解析】freshfruit与grow的关系是被动和完成，所以用过去分词做定语。5.（北京卷）Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation___informationinamoreeffectiveway.第74页共74页 A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent【答案】D【解析】通过句意可知要用不定式作状语表示原因。为了更好的展示信息。所以答案为D。6.（北京卷）_______twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.A.BeingbittenB.BittenC.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten【答案】B【解析】Thepostman与bite之间是被动和完成的关系，所以答案为B。7.（上海卷）Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_____allfourpeopleonboard.A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill【答案】B【解析】飞机撞到山上与杀死飞机上的所有乘客之间是因果关系，所以用现在分词作状语表示结果。8.（上海卷）Withthegovernment’said,those_____bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.A.affectB.affectingC.affectedD.wereaffected【答案】C【解析】Those与affect之间是被动和完成的关系，所以用过去分词作定语。9.（上海卷）Billsuggested_____ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold【答案】C【解析】suggest后接doingsth.作宾语。10.（上海卷）Davidthreatenedhisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported【答案】C【解析】threatentodosth.威胁要做某事。因为该句是主动关系所以答案为C。11.（天津卷）______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.A.CompetingB.HavingcompletedC.Tohave第74页共74页 completedD.Tocomplete【答案】D【解析】句意：为了按时完成工程，全体员工周末正在工作。动词不定式用于作目的状语，表将来。故选D项。12.（天津卷）_____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged【答案】C【解析】句意：由于受到鼓励，许多农民在他们的土地上建起了风电场。过去分词表示被动和原因的。故选C项。13.（重庆卷）Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,withhisoldone.A.comparingB.comparesC.tocompareD.compared【答案】D【解析】表达“与某物或某人相比”用comparedwith/tosb/sth.14.（重庆卷）Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing【答案】C【解析】不定式做定语，dealwith的动作发出者是句子的主语，所以要用主动表示被动。15.（安徽卷）Theplaynextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced【答案】C【解析】非谓语动词作定语,句中已明显给出将来时间的标志nextweek,因此作定语应该选择动词不定式来表达将来。16.（福建卷）nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded【答案】B【解析】非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语themanager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词setout第74页共74页 之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B项。17.（福建卷）InApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.A.markingB.markedC.havingmarkedD.beingmarked【答案】A【解析】非谓语动词做状语，其后有宾语，故与逻辑主语是主动关系，且表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，用现在分词，选A项。18.（湖南卷）Whenhethedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.A.wouldopenB.openedC.hadopenedD.wastoopen【答案】D【解析】句意：当他要打开门的时候,他发现他的钥匙不见了。动词不定时表示将要发生的动作。19.（湖南卷）Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered【答案】A【解析】句意：29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在一间小公寓在波士顿附近,不知怎么办关于他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰aworker，and为并列连词，连接相同的成份。20.（湖南卷）Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeiteasierforit.A.reusingB.reusedC.reusesD.tobereused【答案】D【解析】句意：现在人们有时把他们的废物分开，以便很容易被重复利用。重新再利用是指将来发生的动作，而且是被动的。故选D项。21.（江苏卷）SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,      reduceunemploymentpressures.A.help             B.tohavehelped    C.tohelp   D.havinghelped【答案】C【解析】Chinaareexpectedtohelpreduceunemploymentpressures.tohelp与tohire第74页共74页 位置相同。22.（江西卷）_________therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given【答案】D【解析】如果把句子补充完整就不难看出：Iftheyaregiventherightkindoftraining,可知主语they即theseteenagersoccerplayers与give之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则，连词if也可省，所以得出giventherightkindoftraining,theseteenagersoccerplayers……23.（江西卷）Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced【答案】B【解析】现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰newlaws,相当于whichforces……24.（辽宁卷）Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycame______backA.floodingB.tofloodC.flood.D.flooded【答案】A【解析】现在分词作伴随状语。flooding伴随came意思为“记忆洪水般地涌现”，选A项恰当。25.（辽宁卷）,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobuyawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner【答案】B【解析】不定式作目的状语。根据后句你需要付出你的一切和努力，前面应该是后句的目的，意思“为了去当冠军，”buy意思是“obtainatasacrifice”符合句意，选B项。26.（宁夏卷）Nowthatwe’vediscussedoutproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?A.takingB.takeC.takenD.totake【答案】C【解析】考查with第74页共74页 +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为：现在,我们已经讨论了问题,是人们最满意的决定？take与thedecisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。27.（山东卷）Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding【答案】A　【解析】由nextmonth可知时间是在将来，party是被举行，故选A项。28.（陕西卷）IstillremembertotheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken【答案】D【解析】此处非谓语动词做remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词做宾语时，可以用v-ing形式，v-ing表示的动作已经完成，也可用动词不定式，表示的动作还未发生，根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词动作已经完成，且与逻辑主语是被动关系，用v-ing的被动式，选D项。29.（四川卷）Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussionA.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had【答案】B【解析】分析句子可知whether+todosth.做了宾语从句的主语,Hetoldus后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。30.（四川卷）Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain__________untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.toseatD.seat【答案】A【解析】remain后可接adj,v-ing,v-ed和tobedone等多种形式做表语，在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词，所以正确答案为A项。31.（四川卷）________manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentoldzxxk【答案】D【解析】tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系，所以用havingbeendone来表示被动和完成。第74页共74页 32.（浙江卷）Thereisagreatdealofevidencethatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.A.indicateB.indicatingC.toindicateD.tobeindicating【答案】B【解析】evidence与indicate之间是主动的关系，所以用现在分词作定语，可以恢复为whichindicates。33.（浙江卷）andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.A.TobetriedB.TiredC.TiringD.Beingtired【答案】B　【解析】本提的突破点在主语AndyandRuby和tired的关系，前句是省略的让步状语从句，它的主语仍然是AndyandRuby，此处可知意思是感到疲乏，选B项。2010年1.(全国I卷)Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentsomeoldmaps_________fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing【答案】C【解析】题干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。非谓语动词做定语，首先判断动词与所修饰名词的主动还是被动关系，borrow和maps是被动关系，被动关系时非谓语动词形式有三种：tobedone表示动作将要发生，beingdone表示动作正在发生，done表示动作已经完成，根据句意borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。句意：怀特夫人向学生们展示了从图书馆借来的一些老地图。2.(全国I卷)WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank______presentsformydad.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought【答案】B第74页共74页 【解析】句意：父亲节即将来临，我从银行里取出一些钱，准备买个礼物送给爸爸。由句意可知此处取钱的目的是为了买一些礼物送给父亲，故用动词不定式表示目的，即B项正确。3.(全国卷II)Though______toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome。A.surpriseBwassurprisedC.surprisedD.beingsurprised【答案】C【解析】省略结构和非谓语动词考查。补完整为：Thoughhewassurprised，跟后面句子的主语一致，可以省略主语和系动词。4.(安徽卷)Hehadwonderfulchildhood,_____withhismothertoallcornersoftheword.A.travelB.totravelC.traveledD.traveling【答案】D【解析】主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系，故用traveling作伴随状语。5.(北京卷)atmyclassmates"faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked【答案】A【解析】look与其逻辑主语I为主动关系，因此用looking。6.(北京卷)I’mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterday’sChinaDaily.A.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingD.havingadvertised【答案】A【解析】theposition肯定是被advertise的，此处的过去分词相当于一个定语从句：whichwasadvertised。句意：我打电话来咨询一下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。7.(福建卷)Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushu,Oinghaiprovinceaftertheearthquake.A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent【答案】A【解析】现在分词短语作伴随状语。第74页共74页 8.(福建卷)InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremainedabroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck【答案】B【解析】非谓语动词与它的逻辑主语thousandsofholidaymakersthousandsofholidaymakers之间存在被动关系，且该动作已经完成（被阻止……）。9.(湖南卷)Listen!Doyouhearsomeone__________forhelp?A.callingB.callC.tocallD.called【答案】A【解析】该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据someone与call的主动关系排除D项。hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。10.(湖南卷)Dina,_______formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggle【答案】C【解析】该空是分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语tookaposition之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。11.(湖南卷)Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney___________________inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered【答案】A【解析】该空在句中作后置定语修饰themoney，根据themoney与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆所发现的钱”可判断选A项。12.(江苏卷)TheretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakeinYushu,________thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.A.enablingB.having第74页共74页 enabledC.toenableD.tohaveenabled【答案】A【解析】现在分词短语作结果状语。即：在他捐献后的结果。13.(江西卷)Theladywalkedaroundtheshops,aneyeoutforbargains.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep【答案】C【解析】句子主语lady和keep之间是主动关系,而且walk和keep同时发生，现在分词短语作伴随状语。14.(江西卷)Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting.A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered【答案】B【解析】演员等待被发现，用被动，“发现”发生在等待之后，所以用不定式。15.(辽宁卷)Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound【答案】B【解析】beastonished后应该跟动词不定式做状语。句意：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。16.(辽宁卷)Alexandertriedtogethiswork_______inthemedicalcircles.A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized【答案】D【解析】宾语work和recognize之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。=have+宾语+done的结构。句意：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。17.(山东卷)Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted【答案】B第74页共74页 【解析】句意应为“这个学期结束前，我有很多阅读练习要做。”由于时间状语beforetheendofthisterm表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。注意不是have+宾语+done的结构。18.(山东卷)Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready______foramealtobecooked.A.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaid【答案】A【解析】非谓语动词作定语。table与“放置”这个动作之间主存在逻辑上的被动关系。桌子应该是被放置，选择laid。19.(陕西卷)________fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HaveseenD.Tosee【答案】A【解析】此处是非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语，非谓语动词与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词，选A项。20.(陕西卷)Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished【答案】B【解析】非谓语动词做后置定语，由时间状语nextmonth可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词book,不定式与逻辑主语是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，选B。21.(四川卷)Inmanypeople’sopinion，thatcompany，thoughrelativelysmall，ispleasant.A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith【答案】A【解析】考查不定式句型sb./sth.isadj./n.todo。该句型相当于todosth.isadj./n.。命题人在该句型中插入了though状语，有一定的干扰。此题实际是thatcompanyispleasanttodealwith=todealwiththatcompanyispleasant。第74页共74页 22.(四川卷)Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning【答案】C【解析】question与students存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。23.(四川卷)Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention，tomissanypoint.A.nottryingB.tryingnotC.totrynotD.nottotry【答案】B【解析】句中listen和trynottomiss为同时进行的动作，故用现在分词的一般式做伴随状语。又动词不定式的否定式要在其前加not.故选B。24.(天津卷)Irainedheavilyinthesouth,_______seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause【答案】C【解析】空格后seriousflooding是rainedheavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。句意：南方下了大雨，造成好几个省分的严重洪灾。25.(重庆卷)Thenewsshockedthepublic,togreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.A.havingledB.ledC.leadingD.tolead【答案】C【解析】Thenews和lead之间是主动关系，并作shocked的伴随状语，所以用leading。句意：这个消息使公众震惊，也引起了人们对学生在校安全的关注。26.(重庆卷)Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheonefirstisthelibrary.A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired【答案】D【解析】the第74页共74页 one指代前面提到的buildings与repair是动宾关系，由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在need之后，所以用toberepaired。25.(浙江卷)Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if__regularly,canimproveourhealth.A.beingcarriedoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout【答案】C【解析】=ifproperamountsofexercisearecarriedout。句意：这个实验表明合理的运动量可以促进我们的健康，如果运动量有规律的进行的话。27.(浙江卷)Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand__lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing【答案】D【解析】根据句子结构：主语：thetrafficrule；谓语动词：says；宾语从句：youngchildrenundertheageoffourand____lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat。宾语从句中的主干为：youngchildrenmustbeinachildsafetyseat。undertheageoffourand____lessthan40pounds用于修饰宾语从句主语children。动词weigh与名词children是主动关系，所以选择weighing。句意：交通法则规定四岁以下并且体重不超过四十磅的婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。29.(上海卷)Ihadgreatdifficultythesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.A.findB.foundC.tofindD.finding【答案】D【解析】havedifficulty(in)doingsth.的结构：做某事有困难。30.(上海卷)Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwayskeepshercolleagues_______withherstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused【答案】A第74页共74页 【解析】过去分词作宾语补足语。与它所修饰的hercolleagues存在被动关系。（be）amusedwith…31.(上海卷)thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metresinheight.A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached【答案】A【解析】现在分词作时间状语，此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语。32.(上海卷)Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents"bathrooms.A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce【答案】B【解析】此处应该用不定式thewaytodosth表示做……的途径、方式。theonlywaytodo……,wecanimagine做定语，前面省略了that。2011年1.（新课标卷）Thenextthinghesawwassmoke______frombehindthehouse.A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen【答案】B【解析】rise升起来和see看到这两个动作是同时发生的，因此选择进行式表示非谓语动词动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。选B。句意：接下来我们看到的是从屋子后面冒出来的烟雾。2.（大纲卷）Theisland,______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined【答案】B【解析】join…to…表示“把……连接起来”，joined在句中是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句whichisjoined…。句意：因为那个岛屿与大陆有座桥连接，所以很容易到达。3.（大纲卷）Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,______nothingabouttheargument.A.saysB:saidC.tosayD.saying【答案】D第74页共74页 【解析】A和B项是谓语动词形式，句中没有连词，故排除；C项是作目的状语的，而句中所需要的是伴随状态，故选D。句意：Sarah假装开心，对那次争论什么也没说。4.（北京卷）It’simportantforthefigures_________regularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated【答案】A【解析】B和D项表示发生过的某件具体的事，但句尾的regularly表示经常发生的事，故用一般现在时。for引出的逻辑主语thefigures与update存在着被动关系，故选A。句意：经常更新这些数值很重要。5.（北京卷）33.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,________onyourfeet.A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept【答案】B【解析】A项tokeep是表示将来。C项havingkept和D项tohavekept表示动作先于谓语动词发生。makeyourselfmoretired与keepingonyoufeet同时进行，故选B。句意：Emma，你坐下吧。老这么站着你会累的。6.（上海卷）It’snouse____________withouttakingaction.A.complainB.complainingC.beingcomplainedD.tobecomplained【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。It’snousedoingsth.做某事是白费力气。句意：不去行动只是抱怨是没有用的。7.（上海卷）Therarefish,_____fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.A.savedB.savingC.tobesavedD.havingsaved【答案】A【解析】“鱼”和“救”是被动关系，排除AD选项。根据句意“鱼”已经被救起来了。用过去分词表示“被动的和完成的”。第74页共74页 句意：这条稀有的鱼被从蒸煮的锅里救了出来，已经把它放归了大海。8.（上海卷）AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,____thathecoulddonothingtohelp.A.torealizeB.realizedC.realizingD.beingrealized【答案】C【解析】“I”与“realize”是主动关系，故排除BD选项。A项表示将来，不符合题意。句意：当时我决定跟山姆叔叔谈谈。接着当我意识他帮不了忙时，我就改变了主意。9.（上海卷）Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost【答案】B【解析】“seem”跟动词不定式。跟不定式的进行式表示正在进行的动作。句意：现今，我们拥有聊天室，短信，电子邮件，但是看上去我们正在丧失面对面交流的艺术。10.（山东卷）Lookoverthere—there’saverylong,windingpath______uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead【答案】A【解析】leading作为path的后置定语，相当于whichleads。选A。句意：看那儿，有一条长长的蜿蜒小路向上延伸到那座房子。11.（江西卷）Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife_____shehadafall,MrGordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromoffice.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay【答案】C【解析】非谓语动词修饰phonecall，前后动词的动作在同一时间发生，表主动进行用现在分词的形式。选C。句意：在接到妻子的电话说她摔倒后，Gordon先生立刻从办公室冲回家。12.（江苏卷）Recentlyasurvey_____pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.第74页共74页 A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared13.（安徽卷）Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_____intosmallpieces.A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak【答案】D【解析】该句中的形容词easier为宾语补足语，相当于表语的作用，其后应该使用不定式结构，类似于Itis+adj.+todo…结构，故选择D项。句意：汤姆问糖果制造商他们能否把巧克力制作地更易弄碎。14.（浙江卷）Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves______forwords.A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost【答案】B【解析】lose是及物动词，ACD选项都是主动式，空格后又没有lose的宾语，故用过去分词作findthemselves的宾语补足语。句意：甚至最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们难以用文字来表达自己。15.(浙江卷)Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some_________alifespanofaround20years.A.havingBhadC.haveD.tohave【答案】A【解析】考查独立主格结构。had和have是谓语动词形式，题中没有连词，无法并存两个句子。tohave表将来；having表伴随，因此，选A。句意：令人惊讶的是，蝙蝠是长寿的动物，有些能活20年左右。第74页共74页 16.（浙江卷）Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered【答案】C【解析】A项beingcheered正在进行；B项becheered是谓语原形；D项werecheered也是谓语，但句中已有谓语aregoingto；C项tobecheered表示将来，同时也表示被动。根据语境，选C。句意：如果他们赢了今晚的决赛，队员们将会巡游全城，接受热心支持者的欢呼。17.（福建卷）TsinghuaUniversity,____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded【答案】C【解析】TsinghuaUniversity与found之间存在着被动关系，tobefounded不定式表将来。founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成，故选C。句意：建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。18.（福建卷）ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable_______.A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold【答案】D【解析】在用easy,difficult,hard,comfortable等形容词构成的复合宾语时，用不定式作状语。hold与前面的theiPad2有逻辑上的动宾关系，故用主动式。因此，选D。句意：与与早期的版本厚度与重量的不同使得iPad2拿着更舒服。19.（四川卷）Lydiadoesn’tfeellike_____abroad.Herparentsareold.A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy【答案】B【解析】feellikedoingsth.想要做某事，习惯表达法。因此选B。句意：Lydia不想去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。20.（四川卷）Simonmadeabigbamboobox_______thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.第74页共74页 A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep【答案】D【解析】makeabigbamboobox的目的是为了keepthelittlesickbird，因此选D表示目的状语。A项构成使役用法，大竹盒无生命力，不能执行这个动作；B项是谓语词，与句中made冲突；C项是伴随状语，表示made与keep同时进行。根据句意选D。句意：Simon制作了一个大竹盒来养这只生病的小鸟，直到它会飞。21.（四川卷）_________animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer【答案】C【解析】offersb.sth.(主动)提供某人某物。句中Andy与offer之间存在着被动关系，故选C。句意：Andy在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，这就有了成名的机会。22.（辽宁卷）______aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering【答案】C【解析】Gatheringaroundthefire为现在分词短浯作状语，表示伴随的情况。由于thetourists和Gathering之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以选C。句意：游客们和当地人围着篝火跳起了舞蹈。23.（天津卷）Passengersarepermitted_____onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried【答案】A【解析】该题考查permit的固定搭配bepermittedtodosth.（被允许做某事）的用法。动词不定式在permitsb.todo中作宾语补足语，但在bepermittedtodo中作主语补足语。可排除B、D选项。tocarry是动词不定式的一般式的主动形式，而tobecarried则是动词不定式一般式的被动形式。根据carry与passengers之间的主动关系可确定选项为A。句意：乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。24.（天津卷）______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.第74页共74页 A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated【答案】B【解析】translating作状语，表示该动作与句子主语间的关系是主动关系，不符合本题题意；translated作状语，表示该动作与句子主语之间的关系是被动关系，符合语意及语法要求；totranslate为不定式作状语，往往表示一种目的或结果状语，而havingtranslated作状语，则强调该动作先于句子谓语动词所表示的动作发生，均不符合语境。句意：被翻译成英语时，这个句子的词序完全不同。25.（陕西卷）Clairehadluggage_______anhourbeforeherplaneleft.A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked【答案】D【解析】havesth.Done“让……被做”。逻辑主语是herluggage，和check的关系是被动关系，所以选择D。句意：Claire在登机前一小时她携带的行李接受了检查。26.（陕西卷）MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,___________itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade【答案】A【解析】空格后面是it，说明是主动关系，排除B；不能选择C的原因是todo做目的状语，不符合句意；答案选择A，表示结果。句意：中国修建了越来越多的高速公路，使得人们从一个地点到另外一个地点更加方便。27.（重庆卷）MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmenttoofficials,willbeproduced_______people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised【答案】A【解析】raising表示伴随；tohaveraised表示动作已发生；havingraised表示动作先发生；toraise表示目的状语，事情还没有发生，是前面“将制作更多的电视节目”的目的，因此，选A。句意：据政府官员说，为了唤起人们对食品安全的关注，将制作更多的电视节目。第74页共74页 28.（重庆卷）MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself________ofhisowndreams.A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind【答案】C【解析】remind和himself构成动宾关系，即remindsbofsth;故用reminded。reminded作宾语补足语。句意：Michael把姚明的像片挂在床边以提醒自己不要忘了自己的梦想。29.（湖南卷）Theability_____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed【答案】C【解析】express修饰的是ability,为主动关系，排除B和D表示被动的选项；ability作为一个抽象名词，通常使用动词不定式做定语，联系到短语beabletodosth，不难推断正确选项为C。句意：想法重要，提出想法的能力也同样重要。30.（湖南卷）Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected【答案】C【解析】select修饰players,为被动关系，只有C选项表被动。故选C。句意：人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。31.（湖南卷）Doyouwakeupeverymorning__________energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt【答案】C【解析】wakeup作句子的谓语，句中没有连词，排除谓语动词feel。tofeel表将来，与wakeup组成一先一后的动作关系，felt作为过去分词表被动，与you这个逻辑主语矛盾，故选C，feeling作伴随状语。句意：每天早上醒来后，你是否感到精力充沛，并为新的一天作好了准备？第74页共74页 1.—Whatdoyoudoyesterdayafternoon?—Iwenttothebookstore,___somebooksandvisitedmyuncle.　A.tobuy　B.boughtC.Buy　D.buying【答案】B【解析】went，bought，visited是几个连续发生的动作，为谓语动词。2.________apleasant,smallconversationwithsomeoneyoudon’tknow,andpeoplewillfeelrelaxedandenjoyyourcompany.A.StartingB.TostartC.StartD.Havingstarted【答案】C　【解析】题干为“祈使句＋and＋并列句”结构，因此空白处应填动词原形。句意：和陌生人开始一段友好而简短的谈话，人们会感到放松并乐意与你相处。3.ShellaforgotallaboutthedogandtheTVset,________inthenewmagazinethathadcomeinthemail.A.deeplylostB.deeplylosingC.wasdeeplylostD.anddeeplylost【答案】A　【解析】句意：雪莉完全忘了狗和电视，深深地沉浸于刚给她邮来的新杂志里。=whowasdeeplylost。4.Canyouimaginewhatdifficultypeoplehadthisyear________againsttheseverenaturaldisasters?A.fighting　　　B.tofightC.fought　　　D.fight【答案】A【解析】考查固定句式的用法。“sb.havesomedifficultyindoingsth.”是固定句式，意思是“某人做某事有困难”，其中的介词in可以省略。5.With  everything   sheneeded　　　　，shewentoutoftheshop.A.boughtB.tobuyC.buyingD.buy【答案】A【解析】分析句子结构可知，sheneeded为everything的定语从句，可忽略不管。Everything与buy之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词。witheverythingtobuy“有东西要买”，不符合句意。故选A项。6.Incommonpractice,anEnglishmanstartsaconversation________with“Whatagoodday！”and________itwithphraseslike“Seeyou.”or“Bye.”A.beginning;endingB.begins;endingC.beginning;endsD.begins;ends【答案】C　【解析】考查非谓语动词和句子结构。beginningwith“Whatagood第74页共74页 day！”是分词短语作后置定语，修饰conversation；根据句中的并列连词and可知第二个空格处与前面的谓语动词starts并列，故用一般现在时。7.—Whatareyougoingtodothisevening？—Weareconsidering　　　　anditisconsidered　　　agoodidea.A.goingswimming；tobeB.togoswimming；beingC.goingswimming；beingD.togoswimming；tobe【答案】A【解析】第一个consider是“考虑”的意思，后接动名词；第二个consider是“认为”的意思，后接todo(tobe)。8.—Howishegettingalongwithhisswimming？—　　　　he’sonlybeenlearningforaweek,he’sdoingreallywell.A.ConsideredB.BeingconsideredC.ToconsiderD.Considering【答案】D【解析】considering…(鉴于/考虑到……)已经成为固定用法的非谓语动词（短语）不需要遵守附着规则。9.Almosteveryone,teenagersinparticular,enjoyedusingtextmessaging,andtheybegantocreateanewlanguageformessages________“texting”.A.tocall　　　　　　　B.callingC.calledD.havingcalled【答案】C　【解析】非谓语动词形式作定语用法。language与call(称为)之间是动宾关系，因此call应使用被动式，表示“该语言被称为”，故选C项。10.Allpassengers________injuredintheaccidentweresenttothenearbyhospitalinnotime.A.tofindB.beingfoundC.tobefoundD.found【答案】D　【解析】过去分词found作后置定语修饰passengers。B项表示正在进行时，C项表示将来时，都与句子的时态不相符。11.Theearlywarningoffloods，________overtheradioandonTV,spreadquicklythroughthearea.A.havingbroadcastB.broadcastingC.broadcastD.tobebroadcast【答案】C　【解析】broadcast与句子主语theearlywarning之间存有逻辑上的被动关系，所以应选用过去分词broadcast。12.Carbondioxide________fromburningfuelsisthemostcommonofthesocalledgreenhouse第74页共74页 gases.A.producingB.havingbeenproducedC.tobeproducedD.produced【答案】D　【解析】由句意知空中填一个非谓语动词做后置定语，与其前的carbondioxide为动宾关系，故选produced表被动。13.Inhisvictoryspeech,________beforeahugecrowdofhissupporters,ObamadeclaredthatchangehascometoAmerica.A.havingdeliveredB.tobedeliveredC.deliveringD.delivered【答案】D　【解析】据句意知选delivered作后置定语，表被动和完成。14.Thewininthe100meterbutterflygivestheAmericanswimmerMichaelPhelpseightgoldmedalsinBeijing,________therecordsetbyAmericanlegendMarkSpitzatthe1972MunichGames.A.breakingB.brokenC.tobreakD.beingbroken【答案】A　【解析】据句意，应为现在分词作结果状语，表示一种自然结果，故选A项。15.—Hedidn’tfeelabitnervouswhen________.—No.He’dhadalotoftime________foritafterall.A.interviewing;toprepareB.interviewed;toprepareC.interviewing;preparingD.beinginterviewed;preparing【答案】B【解析】第一空为when(hewas)interviewed省略形式，表被动；第二空为不定式作定语修饰time，所以选B项。16.Thepsychologicalconsultationcentershaveseenasharpriseinthenumberofstudentslookingforhelp,most________theywereconfusedanddepressed.A.saidB.tosayC.sayD.saying【答案】D　【解析】句意：心理咨询中心发现寻求心理帮助的学生在急剧增加，(他们)大多数都说自己感觉困惑和沮丧。most与saying构成独立主格结构，为逻辑的主谓关系，故选D项。17.Theboyislookingforwardto________ifhismotheriscoming.A.seeB.seeingC.seenD.saw【答案】A　【解析】我们一看到题，很容易想到lookforwardto第74页共74页 doing“盼望做某事”，故就错选B项。但此题根据句意应为“孩子在往前张望，看看妈妈是否来了”，tosee是目的状语。综上分析，应选A项18.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp　　　　intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded【答案】C【解析】can’thelpdoing“禁不住做某事”，其被动形式为can’thelpbeingdone。句意：在购物时，人们有时禁不住地被说服买一些他们不是真正需要的东西。19.—HaveyouseenMr.Litoday？—No,heissaid　　　　Wuhanonbusiness.A.togotoB.tohavebeentoC.tohavegonetoD.tohas【答案】C【解析】本句话的意思为“据说他到武汉出差了”，说明人不在这里了，所以使用havegoneto，而havebeento表示曾经去过某地。20.Theforeignerexplainedagainandagainbuthestillcouldn’tmakehimself　　　　.A.understandB.understoodC.beunderstoodD.understanding【答案】B【解析】该句中himself与understand显然是被动关系，因此应用过去分词作补语。21.Itrainedfortwoweeksonend，completely　　　　ourholiday.A.ruinedB.toruinC.ruiningD.ruins【答案】C【解析】不定式与现在分词都可以作结果状语，不定式表示出人意料的结果，而现在分词表示自然而然的结果。由句意“雨连续下了两周”可知应选C项。22.MadameMichelfoundherselfinan_______position,andthereforeshefeltrather_______.A.embarrassing;embarrassedB.embarrassed;embarrassedC.embarrassing;embarrassingD.embarrassed;embarrassing【答案】A【解析】表示事情的性质或特征，用现在分词。embarrassingposition意为“令人尴尬的情形”；第二个空表示人的心理感受，“她感到尴尬”，用过去分词形式。23.Iexpected________manystudentsintheclassroom，butinfactnoonewasinit.A.tohaveB.therewasC.theretohaveD.theretobe第74页共74页 【答案】D【解析】句意：我预计教室里会有很多学生，但事实上一个都没有。expecttheretobe表示“预计有；估计有”。24.Quiteafewpeople________thatdisasterwassuretostrikeifamirrorwasbroken.A.wereusedtobelieveB.wereusedtobelievingC.usedtobelieveD.usedtobelieving【答案】C【解析】人们过去常常做某事用“usedtodo”结构表达。25.Allalongthewaytothetouristdestination,hewouldsometimesslowdownthecar________sureifweweregoingtherightway.A.makingB.tomakeC.madeD.tobemaking【答案】B【解析】动词不定式作目的状语。在slowdown动作后面发生，故不用进行式。26.WhenIcamethere,Ifoundhim________atthebackofthehallwithhiseyes________onabook.A.seating;fixingB.seated;fixedC.seating;fixedD.seated;fixing【答案】B【解析】seat是及物动词要用过去分词作宾语补足语=sitting；第二空是fixone’seyes的变形。27._______Sunday,ratherthan_______athome,Ipreferred_______.A.Itbeing;stay;totravel　B.Being;tostay;totravel　C.shavingsbeen;stay;travel　D.Itwas;tostay;travelling【答案】A【解析】ItbeingSunday是独立主格结构,相当于BecauseitwasSunday作原因状语;后两空考查prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.的倒装结构。另外，此处独立主格结构中的it作逻辑主语不可以省略。28.　　　　inaheavytrafficjamisquiteanunpleasantexperience.A.CaughtB.HavingcaughtC.BeingcaughtD.Tocatch【答案】C【解析】becaughtin在句子中作主语，所以用动名词的形式。第74页共74页 29.ApowerfulearthquakestruckHaiti’scapital，________tensofthousandshomelessandburiedinruins.A.left　　　B.toleaveC.beingleft　　　D.leaving【答案】D【解析】从语意可知，海地首都发生强烈地震，造成了成千上万的人无家可归和被埋在废墟中，现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。30.Whentheministercametothesnow-strickenarea,hewashappytoseethedisastervictimswell________.A.takecareof　　　B.tookcareofC.takencareof　　　D.takingcareof【答案】C【解析】从句子的结构和语意可以看出victims与takecareof存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用被动形式，在句中充当宾语补足语。31.AfewdaysaftertheinterviewIreceivedaletter________myadmissiontotheuniversity.A.offering　B.offeredC.havingoffered　　D.tobeoffered【答案】A【解析】offer和其逻辑主语aletter之间是主谓关系，所以要用现在分词表主动，相当于whichoffered。语意为：面试后的几天，我收到了这所大学录取我的信。32.CaoCao’stombisreported________inAnyang,whichattractsnationwideattention.A.beingfound　　　B.tobefoundC.havingbeenfound　　D.tohavebeenfound【答案】D【解析】句意：据报道，安阳发现了曹操墓，引起了全国(民众)的关注。前半句是“It’sreportedthatCaoCao’stombhasbeenfoundinAnyang”的另外一种表达方式，表示该动作已经发生，所以用不定式的完成形式。33.Aftersufferingaheartattack,MichaelJacksonwaspronounceddead,________atragicendtotheworld’smostpopularentertainer.A.marking　　　B.tomarkC.marked　　　D.havingmarked【答案】A【解析】根据语境知，迈克尔·杰克逊在心脏病突发后死去，这标志着世界上最受欢迎的艺人的悲惨结局。现在分词在此作结果状语。34.YoucanhardlyimaginetheeffortsIhavemade________thegoal.A.toachieve　　B.ofachievingC.toofachieving　　D.tohave第74页共74页 achieved【答案】A【解析】句意：你简直无法想像我为了实现目标所付出的努力。动词不定式作目的状语，故A项正确。35.—Becareful！Don’tforgetyouareonaladder.—Butyouareholdingitforme,nothing________.A.worryabout　　　B.toworryaboutC.isworriedabout　D.worryingabout【答案】B【解析】句意：“小心点。别忘了你在梯子上。”“但有你扶着呢，没什么可担心的。”不定式toworryabout作后置定语。膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈蒅螁膈膇蚁蚇芇芀蒄羅芆莂虿袁芅蒄蒂螇芄芄蚇螃芄莆薀肂芃蒈螆羈节薁蕿袄芁芀螄螀袈莃薇蚆羇蒅螂羅羆膅薅袁羅莇螁袇羄葿蚃螃羃薂蒆肁羂芁蚂羇羂莄蒅袃羁蒆蚀蝿肀膆蒃蚅聿芈蚈肄肈蒀蒁羀肇薃螇袆肆节蕿螂肆莄螅蚈肅蒇薈羆膄膆螃袂膃艿薆螈膂莁螁蚄膁薃薄肃膀芃蒇罿膀莅蚃袅腿蒈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