英语语法改错练习及详解 5页

改错练习1.平行结构(1)AttheheartoftheNEAsurveyisthebeliefthatourdemocraticsystemdependsonleaderswhocanthinkcritically,analyzetextsandwritingclearly.【解析】这里的writing显然与think和analyze并列,因此应该用同样的形式,所以应该改成write.(2)Theirexperimentshaveshownthatreadingdisordersaremostlikelytheresultofwhatis,ineffect,faultywiringinthebrain-----notlazy,stupidityorapoorhomeenvironment.【解析】这里的lazy应该与stupidity和apoorhomeenvironment并列,因此该用名词形式laziness.(3)Thetaskoflearningfactsandconcepts,oneatatime,makeslearninglaborious,boringandefficient.【解析】本题中efficient和laborious与boring并列,根据并列成分意思一致原则,也可以推断出这里的efficient应该换成它的反义词inefficient.2.动词(4)Viewingbiologically,themodernfootballerisrevealedasamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.【解析】本句的主语themodernfootballer是view的逻辑主语，根据view的词性和句子的意思，两者之间应该是被动关系，所以只能用view的过去分词形式。(5)Culturereferstothesocialheritageofapeople-thelearnedpatternsforthinking,feelingandactingthatcharacterizeapopulationorsociety,includetheexpressionofthesepatternsinmaterialthings.【解析】分析该句结构可知，谓语是refersto，因此include必须改成including才符合语法规范。(6)Donotsendaphotounlessspecificallyrequested.Ifyouhavetosendone,makesureitisonetakinginaprofessionalsetting,ratherthanaholidaysnap.【解析】根据上文可知，one代替前面的photo，其后的分词短语充当one的后置定语，表示“被拍的照片”，故应将taking改为taken。3.介词短语固定搭配(7)IfyouaresendingyourCVelectronically,checktheformattingbysendingittoyourselffirst.Keepuptheformatsimple.【解析】keep在此处的含义应该是“保持”，是及物动词，后面后面可以接形容词充当宾补，keeptheformatsimple意为“保持格式简洁”。而keepup意为“(使…)保持或继续下去”，后面可以跟名词，但不能接形容词充当宾补，因此应将原文中的up去掉。(8)Buttosociologists,tobehumanistobecultured,becauseofcultureisthecommonworldofexperiencewesharewithothermembersofourgroup.【解析】分析句子的结构可知，becauseof后面是一个完整的句子。当表示原因时becauseof后跟名词，because后跟句子，所以此处的of应该去掉。(9)Asweknow,smokingnotonlygivesharmtosmokers’health,butalsonon-smokerswholivewiththem.【解析】此处考查固定搭配doharmto，意为“对…有害”，所以此处的gives应改为does。4.名词(10)ThereissomuchvoiceoutsidethatIcan’tconcentrateonmystudyandthinking.5 【解析】本题中voice意思是“(人的)声音”，而noise指的是噪声。因此此题为词的误用。(11)Ifyousmokeandyoustilldon’tbelievethatthere’sadefinitelinkbetweensmokeandtroubles,heartdiseaseandlungcancer.【解析】本题中smoke作名词时意为“烟雾”，作动词时意为“吸烟”。此处指吸烟和肺部疾病的关系故使用smoking。5.冠词(12)MostAmericanbusinessesareopenfivedaysaweek.Americanschoolchildrenattendtheschoolfivedaysaweekaswell.【解析】attendschool意为“上学”，而不是特指“学校”，所以将the去掉。相类似的词还有gotobed,inhospital（住院），inthehospital（在医院）等。6.代词(13)Thefast-growingpopulation’sdemandforfood,theywarned,wouldsoonexceedtheirsupply,leadingtowidespreadfoodshortagesandstarvation.【解析】此处是说，迅速增长的人口对食物的需求很快将超过“食物”的supply(供应)，因此supply前面的代词应与food保持一致，故应该将their改成its。(14)Traditionally,theAmericanfarmerhasalwaysbeenindependentandhard-working.Intheeighteenthcenturyfarmerswerequiteself-sufficient.Thefarmfamilygrewandmadealmostnothingitneeded.Thesurpluscropwouldbesoldtobuyafewitemsinthelocalgeneralstore.【解析】上一句说“在18世纪农民是自给自足的”，那么接下去应该是“农民生产自己生活的一切东西”才符合逻辑，所以应该将nothing改成everything.7.易混词(15)Hispersistencewasawardedwhenthecarfinallystarted.【解析】句中“award”是“颁发，授予(奖赏)”之义，而文中想要表达的意思是“汽车终于启动了，那就是对他坚持不懈精神的回报。”应把award改成reward。(16)Adiversitycommitteecomposedofreporters,editors,andphotographersmeetsregularlytovaluetheSeattleTimes’contentandtoeducatetherestofthenewsroomstaffaboutdiversityissues.【解析】动词value有两个含义：第一，tothinkthatsomeoneorsomethingisimportant，比如Ivalueourfriendship。第二，todecidehowmuchmoneysomethingisworth，比如wedecidetogetthishousevalued。不论哪个含义，用于此都不适合。从文中可以推测这些人碰头人是为了judgehowgood,useful,orsuccessfulthepaperis，因此要用evaluate。8.词性(17)NowwhatstartedinschoolsacrossthecountryisplayingitselfoutonanationstageandispossiblyhavinganimpactonthereadinghabitsoftheAmeri-canpublic.【解析】“在国内舞台”应该是onanationalstage,在这里名词nation要改成它的形容词形式national。(18)Mostexpertsbelievethiscancontinueevenifthepopulationdoublesbythemid-21stcentury,althoughfeedingI0billionpeoplewillnotbeeasyforpolitics,economicandenvironmentalreasons.【解析】reasons有三个修饰词politics,economic，environmental,后两个是形容词，第一个也应该是一致的，所以把politics改称political。9.时态、语态、虚拟语气(19)Inthemid-1980sthefrequencyofinfectionsanddeathsstartedtopickupagainaroundtheworld.Wheretuberculosisvanished,itcameback5 【解析】这句话的意思是：结核病在已经绝迹的地方又卷土重来。从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词came之前，所以要用过去完成时，故在vanished前加had。(20)WestronglysuggestthatHenryistoldabouthisphysicalconditionassoonaspossible.【解析】句中动词suggest之后的从句应用虚拟语气，故“is”应改为“be”或“shouldbe”。类似的动词还有demand,　insist,　order，等等。(21)Scienceshouldnotonlybe“fun”inthesamewayasplayingavideogame,but“hardfun”----adeepfeelingofconnectionmadepossiblyonlybyimaginativeengagement.【解析】makesthpossible,possible做为宾语补足语，那用被动语态就是sthbemadepossible,所以这里的possibly应该改成possible.10.句子结构不完整(22)Ifhisaimisinaccurateandhescoresagoal,enjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.【解析】这是由一个条件状语从句引导的复合句。但主句只有谓语动词enjoys，缺少主语，因此要步上主语。根据从句的hisaim可推断应该加上主语he。(23)Nuclearphysicistswhointerestedinthestructureofatomscannotobserveprotons,electronsandneutronsdirectly.【解析】如果将who后面的部分作定语从句，那么它绝少谓语，故将who去掉，此时分词短语interestedin直接作定语修饰前面的physicists。或在who后加are，补全定语从句。11.句子结构混乱(24)Inordinaryspeech,apersonofcultureistheindividualcanspeakanotherlanguage-thepersonwhoisfamiliarwiththearts,music,literature,philosophy,orhistory.【解析】这个句子出现了两个位于动词，在英语中不符合语言规范，从下文可以看出后面部分是修饰individual的定语从句，缺少了引导词，所以要在can前加who或that。(25)TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.【解析】本句大意是：在孟买或巴西利亚周边有一些落后的城镇，正如17世纪的伦敦或19世纪初期周边也有一些落后城镇一样。两句之间的连词应该表示比较，“与...相同”，使后一句成为前一句的比较状语从句。连词as意为“像...一样”，前面just强调程度表示“正如，与...相同”。因此要将though去掉。12.从句关系代词误用(26)DoctorBrundtlandsaysleprosyisnolongeradiseasethatrequireslife-longtreatmentsbymedicalexperts.Instead,patientscantakethatiscalledamulti-drugtherapy.【解析】本句中take后面的部分应该是做take的宾语，that不能既做take的宾语又连接宾语从句，所以应该把that改为what.(27)There’salsoconvincingevidencewhichdyslexiaislargelyinherited.Itisnowconsideredachronicproblemforsomekids,notjusta“phase”.Scientistshavealsodiscardedanotheroldstereotypethatalmostalldyslexicsareboys【解析】evidence后面是同谓语从句，解释说明evidence，所以应该将which改为that。(28)Tobaccocompanieshadencounteredthereports,thatpurportedtoshowlinksbetweensmokingandcancerandotherseriousdiseases.【解析】这里是非限定性定语从句，又因为从句缺少主语，所以只能使用引导词which，故将that改为which。13.主谓一致(29)Thereisthereforeaneedforresourcesandmethodsofteachingthatfacilitatesadeep5 understandingofscienceinanenjoyableway.【解析】这句话that引导的是一个定语从句，在找错误前首先要了解先行词究竟是哪个（teaching，resourcesandmethods还是need？）。根据意思，应该是“教学资源和教学方法使得对科学的深刻了解变得更容易”，所以这个定语从句的先行词应该是resourcesandmethods，ofteaching只是作resourcesandmethods的定语。先行词是复数，从句的谓语也应该用复数形式，所以将facilitates改为facilitate。(30)Anyattempttotracethedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabiesmaketotheirfirstspokenwordsleadtoconsiderabledifficulties.【解析】这样的长句子首先要找出主谓部分。Anyattempt是主语，totracethedevelopmentfromthenoises是attempt的定语，babiesmaketotheirfirstspokenwords则是做定语从句修饰noises，那么这个句子的谓语就是lead了。主语anyattempt是单数，所以谓语也要改成单数leads。14.特殊句型(31)Animation（动画）meansmakingthingswhicharelifelesscomealiveandmove.Sinceearliesttimes,peoplehavealwaysbeenfascinatedbymovement.Butnotuntilthiscenturywemanagedtocapturemovement,torecordit,andinthecaseofanimation,toreinterpretitandrecreateit.【解析】状语notuntil…提前，后面的主句主谓倒装，根据上下文和谓语managed可推断该句应为完成时。故在we前加have。拓展：部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil...等。以否定副词开头并加状语的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely,hardly,little,seldom,,never,nosooner……than,rarely,nomore,nornearly,Notonly...butalso,Hardly/Scarcely...when,Nosooner...than等以及only。(32)Theboywantedtoplayfootballinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnot.【解析】这个是省略句，完整为Theboywantedtoplayfootballinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnottoplayfootballinthestreet。动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。所以应该在not后加个to。15.逻辑错误(33)ButintheInformationAge,noonecangetbywithknowinghowtoreadwellandunderstandincreasinglycomplexmaterial.【解析】这里句子主语用了noone表示否定,而整个句子表示肯定的意思,所以后面必然要用一个否定词without与noone构成双重否定表示肯定。(34)Inbringingupchildren,everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild’sacquisitionofeachnewskill---thefirstspokenwords,thefirstdependentsteps,andthebeginningofwritingorreading.【解析】根据上文的意思，应该是“每个家长都很渴望自己孩子能学到新的本领---第一次说话，独自走的第一步，写或读的开始”。破折号后面是举例说明skill。Dependent意为“依靠的依赖的”，既然是新的本领，那也就应该是“独自走的第一步”，故将deoendent改为independent。(35)Inthe1950s,theintroductionofantibiotics(抗菌素)strengthenedthetrendinrichcountries,andtheantibioticswereallowedtobeimportedtopoorcountries.【解析】import意为“进口，输入”，export意为“出口，输出”。根据本句大意，进出口的对象为发达国家生5 产的抗菌素，显然只能“出口”到贫困国家。此外，根据介词也可以判断，import常与from搭配，export常与to搭配。故应该将imported改为exported。5