英语语法动名词 6页

动名词1、动名词的用法1）作主语.Seeingisbelieving.Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmen.Fightingbrokeoutbetweenthesouthandthenorth.Walkingisgoodexercise.Smokingmaycausecancer.ComingtoHangzhoubytraintakesabout16hours. Swimmingdevelopsthemuscles.通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语。如：It"snicetalkingwithyou. It"snousearguingwithhim. Itisnousesendinghimover.It’stoolatealready.Itwasverydifficultgettingeverythingreadyintime.2）作表语Herjobisteaching.Teachingislearning.Thisfoodsmellsinviting.Theonlythingthatinterestsherisdancing.Myfavoritesportisswimming.Tokeepmoneyyouhavefoundisstealing.3）作宾语Heisfondofplayingfootball.Hefinishedreadingthebookyesterday.Yourshoesneedpolishing.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.Thedoctoradvisedtakingexercise.Wouldyoumindfillingoutthisform?Thethiefadmittedenteringthehouse.Haveyoufinishedcorrectingthestudents’papers?有些动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式，但在语义上却有很大差别。如：⑴chancetodo碰巧去做某事chancedoing冒险试一试做某事⑵forgettodo忘记要去做某事forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事⑶goontodo接着又做另一件事goondoing继续做同一件事⑷remembertodo记得要去做某事rememberdoing记得曾做过某事⑸stoptodo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止做某事⑹trytodo努力做某事trydoing试一试做某事 ⑺regrettodo对将要做的事表示遗憾regretdoing对做过的事表示遗憾⑻meantodo打算／想做某事meandoing意味着／意思是做某事有些动词既可接动名词作宾语，也可接不定式，但在语义上却有很大差别。如：⑴chancetodo碰巧去做某事chancedoing冒险试一试做某事⑵forgettodo忘记要去做某事forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事⑶goontodo接着又做另一件事goondoing继续做同一件事⑷remembertodo记得要去做某事rememberdoing记得曾做过某事⑸stoptodo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止做某事⑹trytodo努力做某事trydoing试一试做某事⑺regrettodo对将要做的事表示遗憾regretdoing对做过的事表示遗憾⑻meantodo打算／想做某事meandoing意味着／意思是做某事1）作定语Hehasareadingroom.一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途例如:awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台asmokingroom吸烟室swimmingpool=apoolswimming游泳池awalkingstick手杖afightingpost战斗岗位有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。boilingpoint=atemperaturepointatwhichsomethingbeginstoboil沸点awalkingtractor=atractorwhichadrivercanoperatewhileheorsheiswalkingbehindit手扶拖拉机动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，如：asmilingface笑脸aleadingfigure领导人物动名词还能构成合成词作定语，如：easy-goingman好说话的人swimmingpool游泳池sleeping-pill安眠药片dining-car餐车当分词短语做后置定语时，可以转换成定语从句。ShewentonboardthetrainleavingforShanghai.=Shewentonboardthetrain,whichwasleavingforShanghai.她乘坐了去上海的火车。Therearetworoadsbeforeus,oneleadingtothebeach,theothertothepark. =Therearetworoadsbeforeus,onewhichleadstothebeach,theothertothepark.在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。5)动名词作状语 动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。Havingcleanedtheroomswebegantoweedthegarden.(时间)打扫完房间，我们开始在花园里除草。Comingintotheroom,shesaweverybodyalreadyattheirwork.(时间)进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。Beingill,hecouldn"tgotoschool.(原因)因为生病，他不能去上学。Havingnointerestinthetopic,hedidn"tgotothelecture.(原因)由于对这个话题没有兴趣，他没去参加讲座。Workingdiligently,youwillcertainlysucceed.(条件)只要刻苦学习，你会成功的。Usingatomicenergy,wecanbuildspaceships.(条件)利用原子能，我们能够建造太空船。Grantingtheachievementstobegreat,thereisstillsomethingtobedesired.(让步)(尽管)成绩是巨大的，(但)仍有一些要求改进的东西。Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.(结果)我的车被交通拥挤堵住，所以延误了。Travelingbytrain,wevisitedanumberofcities.(方式)我们坐火车访问了好多城市。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.(伴随)玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。2、接动名词作宾语的情况1）在下列动词后接动词作宾语时用动名词形式：admit,advise,recommend,suggest,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,ban,confess,complete,consider,delay,deny(否认),detest(讨厌),dislike,encourage,endure,enjoy,ensure,escape,excuse,face,fancy（想象）,feellike,finish,forbid,forgive,giveup,imagine,involve,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,omit,pardon,permit,postpone(推迟),practise,prevent,putoff,quit,recall,resist,risk,resent（讨厌），save,stand（忍受），tolerate（忍受）,understand,help,resume（继续）举例：(1)Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?(2)Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.2）在下列动词后面直接跟动词作宾语时用动名词；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再接动词作宾语补足语，其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。allow,advise,encourage,forbid,permit,recommendsmokinghereWedon’tallowstudentstosmokehere. takingaholidayIrecommend.youtotakeaholidaylearningEnglishbyradio.TheyencouragedmetolearnEnglishbyradio.3）动词need,require,want作“需要”解，deserve作“应得”解其后跟动词作它的宾语表示主语是该动作的受动者时，必须用动名词主动式（或不定式的被动式）表示被动意义，例如：needsThewindowrequirescleaning.wantstobecleaned.hanging.Hedeservedtobehanged.4）excuse,forgive,pardon后接动名词时通常需要在动名词之前加上形容词型的物主代词，也可接宾格人称代词+for+-ing。例如：myExcuseopeningyourletterbymistake.meformyForgiveinterruptingyou.mefor5）介词后面接动名词。admitto承认addto增加amountto等于applyoneselfto致力于beaccustomedto(=beusedto)习惯于cometo谈到confessto供认devoteoneselfto献身于beequalto能胜任，等于befamiliarto为……所熟悉findone’swayto设法到达getdownto着手做givewayto对……让步giveone’smindto专心于giveriseto使……发生inadditionto除……外keepto坚持lookupto尊敬leadto导致lookforwardto盼望nextto几乎objectto反对beopento愿意接受bereducedto论为，降为 besentencedto被判刑stickto坚持standupto勇敢面对seeto注意处理，照料sayyes/noto同意/不同意trustto依靠turnto求助于beusedto习惯于makeagreatcontributionto对……做出很大贡献giveup放弃burstout突然aswellas同……一样betiredofbefondofbecapableofbeafraidofbeproudofthinkof/aboutholdoffputoffkeeponinsistoncounton/uponsetaboutbesuccessfulin（succeedin）goodattakeupit"sworth…例如：Surelyshewillbeequaltoperformingherduty.3.动名词的惯用语1）thereisno+doing（=itisimpossibleto+V）意为“根本不可能”。例如：Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnoharmindoingso. 这样做没有害处。Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthenewmethodhasgreatlyraisedlabourproductivity.不容否认新方法大大提高了劳动生产率。2）Whatdoyousayto+doing?(=Whatdoyouthinkofdoing)意为“你认为……怎样？”。例如：Thereisaflowershowinthepark.Whatdoyousaytogoingthere,ifitisfinetomorrow?3）Itisnotanyuse/good(或nouse/good)+doing意为“做……是没有用的”。例如：Itisnouse/goodmakinganexcuseforthis.4）在havetrouble等的短语后：havedifficulty/trouble(in)+doinghavefun/headaches例如：Wehadgreatdifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.Theyhadalotoffunlisteningtofairytales.5）在下列以time为中心词的短语后：haveahard/goodtimespendalotoftime(in)+doinglosenotime例如：Wehadadifficulttimepersuadinghim.Whenwearrivedwelostnotime(in)findingahotel. 6）beonthepointofdoing(=beaboutto+V)意为“快要。例如：Thebabywasonthepointofcryingwhenhermotherfinallycamehome.7）Makeapointofdoing(=makeitapointto+V)意为“认为……是必要的；特别注意“。例如：Ialwaysmakeapointofgettingupearly.8）come/gonear(to)doing(=bealmostdoing+nearlydo)意为“几乎要“。例如：Hecame/wentnear(to)beingdrowned.9）动词do常与一些表示室内活动等的动名词连用。例如：cooking/cleaning/reading/do(some/much/alotof/any)sewing/shopping/washing/sightseeing例如:Theydidtoomuchdrinkinglastnight.WhenIwasinSpain,Ididalotofsightseeing.10）动词go常与一些表示运动或休闲的动名词形式连用表示进行某项活动。例如：gofishing/swimming/skating/climbing/dancing/boating/bowling/surfing/shopping4.动名词的复合结构当动名词本身有其逻辑主语时，就构成了动名词的复合结构。动名词的逻辑主语多用名词所有格或物主代词表示，动名词的复合结构可作主语或宾语：1）逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格；作宾语时（尤其在口语中），也可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格(informal)。例如：Tom’s/his(正确)+beingdiligentcannotbedenied.Tom/him（错误）Jack’s/his(正确)Shedidn’tmind++cominglate.Jack/him正确）2)逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。例如：Isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthemach?1）逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone时，只用普通格。例如：Shewasdisturbedbysomebodyshoutingoutside.4）逻辑主语是以”-s”结尾的名词，或是由一个以上的名词构成的词组，用英语普通格。例如：Itwasquiteunexpectedthestudentsfinishingtheexamsosoon.Ineverheardofapersonofcharacterdoingsuchathing.