高中英语语法主谓一致-讲解与练习 13页

高中语法：主谓一致I・主谓一致原则含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。II.语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式;上保持i致。1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefaim.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadtoryoureyes・Whathesaidistrue.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况川单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks・WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.★apairof+农无生命的名词+单数谓语；apairof+农人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语:Thispairofshoesisnotmine・Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.2.“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.【注意】★如果“nd并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/the+单数名词（人）+and+单数名词（人）+单数谓语a/the+单数名词（人）+and+a/the+单数名词（人）+复数谓语Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana（an）,manya（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式： Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove・Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious・★有些用and连接起來的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线breadandbutterI何包和黄油fishandchips炸旬加萼条thestarsandstripes星条旗FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland・ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A・1.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍丿U单数形式：Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight・Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.2.each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：Eacharrivesontime・Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.3.由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.4.在定语从句屮，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.试比较：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard・Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard・5.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory・Theclasswereallcheerful. Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin. Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans・【注总:】people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild・1.在倒装句小，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:Suchistheresult.Sucharcthefacts.【练一练】1・BetweenthetworoadsaTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".D.standD.havegoneA.standsB・standingC・whichstands2.-HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,toFrance?—Really?NowonderIhaven^tseenhimthesedays・A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC・havebeen3.Thereapairoftrousersonthebed・A.areB.isC.hasD.have4.andaregoingabroadnextThursday?Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancerC.Asinger;adancerD.He;I5.Aandhasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.goldwatch;chainB・knife;forkC・desk;butD.pen;pencil6.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairsintheroom.A.areB.isstayedC・isD.has7・EverystudentandeveryteacherA.aregoingtoattendthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting8.TheNewYorkTimesallovertheUnitedStates.A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.arereading9・Theretobesomethingwrongwithhissister,?A.seem;isn"titB.seems;doesn"tthereC・seem;isn"tthereD.seems;doesn"tit10.IthinkTom,you,toblame.11.A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.mowthan;areD.lessthan;isThespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducateapersonalmostinfinite・A.beB.arcC.isD.arc 12."Ifanybody,pleaseputdownname,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;theirC.willbuythebook;one"sD・wantstohavethebookbought;her13・Myfamilylargeandmyfamilyreading.A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC・arc;enjoyD.arc;enjoys14.ThecustomsandcultureofAmericaverymuchlikeofEngland・A.is;thatB.are;thoseC・havebeen;theonesD.hasbeen;theone15.Onlyoneofthestudentswhopresenttospeakatthemeeting・A.is;isB.arc;arcC・arc;isD.is;arcIII.逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义i致（因冇时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。）1.what,who,which,any,more,all等代词口J以是单数，也可以是复数，主耍靠懑思来决定：Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whicharcyourfavoritesubjects?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing・2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.3.复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity・TheThameshasalargepopulation.4.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾,ill：mathematics,politics,physics>以及news,works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词,它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace・Physicswashermajor.5.“定冠词（he+形容词或分词=表示某一类人时，动词川复数： Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.Thegoodarcwellrewarded,andthebadpunished.【练一练】14.is・Whichiswrong?B.Oneandahalfdollars;notenoughC.800miles;longdistanceC.hasD.haveC・hasD.haveA.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsC.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddaily15.Therichnotalwayshappy.A.isB.are16.Whatsheleftmeafewoldbooks.A.isB.are17.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.D.seemD.makesupA.isB.arcC・seems18.ThePhilippinesofmorethan7,000islands.A.consistsB・consistC・makeupl/・就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。1.当两个主语由or;either...or;neither...nor;whether...or...;notonly...butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语-•致：Georgeo『Iamwrong・EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp・Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.2.therebe句型be动词单复数取决丁•其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：（here引导的句子用法相同）Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.【练一练】21.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMarytiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB・areC.amD.be22.Eithertheteachersorthepresidentthemeeting.A.attendsB・attendC・areattendingD.haveattended23.Themanagerorhissecretarytogiveyouaninterview. A.isB.arcC・wereD.have 24.Neitherofyoursuggestionssense・A.【nakcsB.】nakcC・ismadeD.arcmade25.There20dollarsandtwocardsinmypurse.A.areB・isC・haveD.hasV.表示数暈的短语作主语时的谓语形式；1."manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数：Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks・Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.2.表示鸟兽鱼群的词，女IIaflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主语,谓语用单数:Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead・3.alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一部分时，与复数名词连用,谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine・Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.4.agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等与不町数名词连用时，谓语用单数：Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable・Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld・5.agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用作主语时,谓语用复数：Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark・Anumberofstudentswereabsent.【注意】"thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语”,表示"…的数目”:Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.【练一练】26.About60percentofthestudentsfromthesouth,therestofthemfromthenorthandforeigncountries・A.are;isB.are;areC・is;areD.is;is 24.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty;butanumberofthemabsenttordifferentreasons.A.were;was,B.was;wasC・was;wereD.were;were 24.Manyachildtowalkbeforehecanspeak.A.learnB・1earnsC・1earnedD.havelearned25.Morethanonegirllateforclassthismorning・A.areB.isC・wasD・were26.ThepopulationofChinaover1,200millionandeightypercentofthepopulationpeasants.A.is;arcB.arc;isC・is;isD.arc;arcHomework:1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck・A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD・wouldbe2.Therichnotalwayshappy・・A.isB.areC.hasD.have3.Thisspecialstrainofriceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefield・A.makespossibletoproduceB・makesitpossibletoproduceC.makepossibleproducingD.makeitpossibleproducing4.Avarietyofbooksthechildrenofdifferentages・A.areinterestedinB.isinterestedinC.areintendingforD.isintendingfor5.TomaswellastwoofhisfriendstotheconcertlastnightA.hasbeeninvitedB.hadbeeninvitedC.wereinvitedD.wasinvited6.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.A.is;isB.are;isC・is;areD.are;are7.ApoetandartistcoiningtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingstomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were8.ItisImyparentswhotoblamefortheaccident.A.otherthan;areB.ratherthan;amC・morethan;areD.than;is9.Inourschool,manyaboyplayingfootballandmoregirlsthanoneplayingit.A.likes;likesB.like;likeC.like;likesD.likes;like10.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentstoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.beA.isB.wasC・hasbeenD.willbe12.Asyoucansee,thepriceofpork,eggsandgrainrisingthesedays. A.arekeepingB.keepC・keepsD.werekeeping12.Threestudentsintenwillgoandtostayintheclassroom.A.therestareB.therestisC.theotherareD.theotheris13.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-thirdusedregukirly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong・15.E-mail,aswellastelephones,animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC・areplayingDplay16.Nofreshmanandnograduatetositinontheforum・A.lireallowedB.isallowedC・areagreedD.isagreed17.Oneachsideofthestreetalotoftrees・A.standsB.standC・isstandingD.areA.isB.areC.wasD.weregrown18.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline・A.workB・workingC・isworkingD.areworking19.AboutonethirdofthepopulationinBeijingandShanghainetizens,butinpoorerareas,onlythreeorfourpercentonline・A.is;isB・are;areC・are;isD.is;are20.Thetheoryhe"sstuckusthatearthquakecanbeforecast・A.toprovesB・toproveC・toprovingD.toprovedKeys:【练一练】1-5.ABBBD16-20.DBBCA6-10.CCABA21-25.BAAAB1M5.BAABC26-30.BCBCC Homework:I-5.ABBBDII-15-BCADA 6-10.BABDB16-20.BBCBA