初二下册英语语法仁爱版 6页

初二下册英语语法仁爱版Unit6FunCyclingTopic1We’regoingonaspringfieldtrip一.重点词汇(一)词形转换:1.discuss(名词)discussion2.queen(对应词)king3.comfortable(名词)comfort4.safely(形容词)safe(名词)safety(二)词的辨析1.findout/lookfor/find2.cost/payfor/spedon3.other/else4.raise/rise5.each/every6.exciting/excited(三)重点词组:1.goonavisitto去……旅行2.makethedecision做决定3.bringback带回4.goonafieldtrip去野外旅行5.decideon(upon)sth对某事做出决定6seethesunrise看日出7.makeareservation预订8.comeupwith想出（主意）9.lookforwardto(doing)sth期望10.payfor支付；赔偿11.raisemoney筹钱12.bookaticket订票13.makearoomforsb为……订房间14.haveawonderfultime玩得愉快15.inthedaytime在白天16.atwo-dayvisit为期两天的旅行17.findout查出18.someplacesofinterest名胜19.roomswithbathtub带浴室的房间20．ahard(soft)sleeper硬（软）卧21.mypleasure不客气二．重点句型及重点语言点1.Ihavesomeexcitingnewstotellyou.我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。totellyou是动词不定式短语，作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：Ihavenothingtotalkabout.Hehasalotofworktodo.2.Soundsgreat!=Itsoundsgreat!听起来不错。3.Wewillgoonatwo-dayvisittoMountTai.我们将要去泰山玩两天。goonavisitto去参观/旅游TheywenttoavisittoEgyptlastyear.类似有：goonatrip/goonapicnic。atwo-dayvisit为期两天的旅行atwo-monthholiday两个月的假期aneighteen-year-oldboy一个18岁的男孩4．It’shardtosay.这很难说。Tosay是动词不定式作主语，It是形式主语。如：It’snicetomeetyou.5.I’llasktheairlineonthephone.我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：I’llphoneandasktheairline.6.Bringbackyourinformationtoclasstomorrowandwe’lldecideonthebestwaytogoonourfieldtrip.明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。bringback带回。Pleasebringbackyourlibrarybookstomorrow.decideon/uponsth决定，选定We’retryingtodecideonaschool.7.It’stoofarforcycling.骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It’toofartocyclethere.8.HowlongdoesittaketoreachMountTaiby…？乘……去泰山要花多长时间？9．Howmuchdoesitcosttogothere?去那里要花多少钱？Howmuchdoesastandardroomcost?一个标准间的价格是多少？10.Wehaveticketsat120yuanforthehardsleeperand180yuanforthesoftsleeper.我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。at意为“以……”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for意为“供，适合于”。I’vegotticketsat80yuanforTheSoundofMusic.11.I’dliketobook20ticketsforthehardsleeper.我要预订20张硬卧票。20ticketsforthehardsleeper=20hardsleeperticketsbooktickets预订票bookaroomforsb/sth为……预订房间e.g.Wewanttobooksomeroomsfor14th.我们想预订一些14号的房间。12．Pleasepayfortheticketsbefore5:30p.m.请在下午5：30之前付款。Payfor支付payforsbtodosth付钱给某人做某事e.g.HerparentspaidforhertogotoAmerica.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.13.Iwanttomakeahotelreservation.我想预订房间。makeareservation预订14.Wehaveroomswithabathtub…我们有带浴缸……的房间。with有或带着ahousewithaswimmingpoolastandardroomwithtwosinglebeds15.It’sverycommontoraisemoneyinCanadianandAmericanschools.在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise6 money筹钱Wecanraisethemoneyourselves.16.Itcostseachstudentonedollartobuyaticketforthedraw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。(1)each作主语，谓语用单数Eachofthestudentsspendsonedollarbuyingaticket..（2）用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Eachstudenthastheirowne-mailaddress.(3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。Theyeachhavetheirowne-mailaddress.17.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.我盼望收到你的来信。Lookforwardto盼望，期待Theyarelookingforwardtosolvingtheproblem.三.重点语法动词不定式（1）动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want,refuse,forget,need,try,learn,like,agree,help,hope,decide,begin等。可用顺口溜（要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始）（2）不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not.Mymotherdecidednottobuyacomputerforme.（3）不定式可以和疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用。Canyoutellmewhattosayatthemeeting?Idon’tknowhowtogettothestation.（4）本topic出现的句子有：Ihavesomeexcitingnewstotellyou.Iwanttomakeahotelreservation.ItisverycommontoraisemoneyinCanadianandAmericanschools.Thebestwaytoraisemoneyistosellnewspapers.Ithinkthemostexcitingwayistosellflowersintheevening.Kangkanghelpedustobookthetraintickets.Topic2HowaboutexploringtheMingTombs?一、重点词汇：（一）词形转换：1.explore(名词)explore2.east(形容词)eastern3.north(形容词)northern4.push(反义词)pull5.sadly(形容词)sad(名词)sadness6.crowd(形容词)crowded（二）重点词组:1.makeaplan拟定计划2.makesure确信，确保3.comealongwith和……一起来4.atthefootof在……的脚下5.besurprisedat对……感到惊奇6.besatisfiedwith对……感到满意7.outofsight看不见8.steponone’stoes踩着某人的脚9.can’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事10.spreadover分布于11.rushout冲出去12.raiseone’shead抬头13.asksbforhelp向某人求助14.thankgoodness谢天谢地二．重点句型及重点语言点1.Whileyouwereenjoyingyourtrip,Iwasbusypreparingformyexams.当你在旅行时，我正忙于准备考试。(1)bebusydoingsth,/bebusywithsth忙于做某事I’mbusypreparingformybirthdaypartythesedays.(2)while当……时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。Whilemymotherwascooking,IwaswatchingTV.2.Wouldyouhelpmeplanatrip?请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗？Wouldyou比willyou语气更加客气，委婉,类似还有couldyouCouldyoucomealongwithus?3.Theysurveyedtheareatomakesuretheirtombsfacedsouthandhadmountainsattheback.他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。makesure确信，确保Makesureallthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleave.4.It’sabouttwoandahalfhoursbybike.骑自行车大约要2个半小时。Twoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf5.It’stotheeastofYongling.它在永陵的东面。tothe+方位词+of(表示互不接壤)JapanistotheeastofChina.onthe+方位词+of(表示相互接壤)FujianisonthesouthofZhejang.inthe+方位词+of表示在某一范围内的地区BeijingisinthenorthofChina.6.TheywalkedintoDinglingandweresurprisedatthewonders.他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。6 besurprisedat对……感到很惊奇Heissurprisedatdragons.besurprisedtodosth惊奇地做某事Shewassurprisedtofindshewaslost.7.…sotheyhadtolookforspacetoparktheirbikes他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方space空间Canyoumakespaceforthisoldman?8.Whilethecrowdwaspushinghimindifferentdirections,someonesteppedonhistoes.当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。inone’sdirection朝着某人的方向steponone’stoes踩了某人的脚steponsth踩某物Don’tstepontheflowersandgrass.9.Whenhefinallyrushedoutofthecrowd,henoticedhisfriendswerebothoutofsight.当他最后冲出人群时，他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。noticesbdosth注意某人做了某事noticesbdoingsth注意某人正在做某事10.Assoonasthethreeboyssaweachother,theyalljumpeduphappily.三个男孩一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。assoonas引导时间状语从句意为“一……就”Heleftassoonasheheardthenews.I’lltellhimassoonasIseehim.11.Hedidn’traisehisheaduntilsomeonecalledhisname.直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。not…until直到……才12.Theyweresolovelythatwecouldn’thelpplayingwiththem.它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。can’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事WhenIheardthefunnynews,Icouldn’thelplaughing.13.IamsatisfiedwitheverythinginChina.我对在中国的一切感到满意。]besatisfiedwith对……感到满意Heissatisfiedwithmywork.14..Weevenaskedtheguardforhelp.我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。asksbforhelp向某人求助Thelostboyaskedthepoliceforhelp.三.重点语法时间状语从句1。引导词：（1）when,while,as当……时候.when后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词；while后跟延续性动词；as多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。Thestudentsweretalkingintheclassroomwhentheteachercamein.=Whilethestudentsweretalkingintheclassroom,theteachercamein.学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。Motheralwayssingsasshecooksdinnerforus.妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。（2）not…until直到……才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。Iwon’tleavehereuntiltherainstops.Hedidn’tsleepuntilhismothercamebackhome.(3)after在……之后，before在……之前，assoonas一……就IwenttosleepafterIfinishedmyhomework..=IfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwenttosleep.Assoonasthebellrings,thestudentswillgointotheclassroom.2.时态（1）当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,thetelephonerang.(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。IwillcallyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.本topic出现的句子有：1.Whileyouwereenjoyingyourtrip,Iwasbusypreparingformyexams.2.Hedidn’traisehisheaduntilsomeonecalledhisname.3.Whilethecrowdwaspushinghimindifferentdirections,someonesteppedonhistoes..4.Assoonasthethreeboyssaweachother,theyalljumpeduphappily.5.Aftertheyrodetheirbikesfortwoandahalfhours,Kangkanf,MichaelandDarrenarrivedattheMingTombs.6.Astheywereexploringhappily,thecrowdbecamelargerandlarger.Topic3Bicyclesarepopularwithpeople一、重点词汇：6 （一）词形转换：1.death(动词)die(形容词)dead2slow(副词)slowly3.crossing（动词）cross介词）across4.success（动词）succeed(形容词successful5．Pain(形容词)painful6.lead(名词)leader7.final(副词)finally8impossible(反义词)possible9courage（动词）encourage（二）重点词组:1．Slowdown减速2.runinto撞到3.avoiddoingsth避免防止做某事4.warnsbtodosth警告/提醒某人做某事5.rideinto进入跻身于6getusedto(doing)习惯于做某事7.asharpturn急转弯8.bepopularwith受……的欢迎9.getafine处以罚金10.goondoingsth继续做某事11.thewaytosuccess成功之路12.obeythetrafficrules遵守交通规则13.breakthetrafficrules违反交通规则14.beafraidofdoingsth害怕做某事15.befamousfor因……闻名16.beindanger处于危险中17.afterawhile一会儿二．重点句型及重点语言点1．IthinktrafficinBeijingiscrazy.我认为北京的交通很拥堵。traffic是不可数名词2.Ifpeopleobeythetrafficrules,therewillbefeweraccidents.如果人们都遵守交通规则，交通事故将会减少。Ifwebreakthetrafficrules,itwillbedangerousandwewillgetafine.如果人们违反交通规则，将很危险，我们会受到处罚的。这是if引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。3．Ifeelalittlemoreconfident.我感到自信多了。moreconfident是比较级4.Itcanhelpussaveenergyandavoidpollution.这样可以节约能源以及避免空气污染avoidsth/doingsth避免做某事Youshouldavoidmakingthemistakelikethat.Heranintothewalltoavoidhittingthetruck.5.Bicyclesarepopularwithpeople.自行车深受人们欢迎。Bepopularwith受……欢迎6Itwarnsustobemorecareful.Warnsb(not)todosth警告/提醒某人做某事Hewarnedhertokeepsilence.Warnsbaboutsth提醒某人某事7.Mostpeoplethinkbicyclesaremuchsaferthananyothervehicle.大部分人认为自行车比其他交通工具要安全些。8．.However,hiswaytosuccessdidn’tgowell.然而，他的成功之路并非一帆风顺。Thewaytosuccess成功之路successindoingsth在……成功Ididn’thavemuchsuccessinfindingajob.我找工作没什么结果。9．Liketheotherchallengesinhislife,Lancefacedithead-on.像面对生命中其他挑战一样，兰斯迎头面对。10．Itseemsimpossibletobeathim.打败他似乎是不可能的。beatsb打败某人winagame/match/agoldmedalItseems+adj+todosth做某事似乎……Shealwaysseemstobesad.三.重点语法条件状语从句1.条件状语从句由if（如果），unless(除非)等引导的，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。主句if从句Will(must,should,may)一般现在时如：Iwon’tgoifhedoesn’tgo.Wewillpasstheexamifwestudyhard.Wewon’tpasstheexamunlesswestudyhard..2.祈使句+and/or引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.=You’llbelateunlessyouhurryup.Studyhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam1.Should建议某人做某事.(情态动词)用来提建议,表示应该的意思.后接动词原形(Should+动词原形…..)2.take/havearest翻译为：好好休息.take/have可以互换.3.Shouldn’t=Shouldnot不应该4.see/watch/hear为感官动词.1.后接sb.dosth.表示看/听到某人在做某事.①表示经常性地或者是习惯性的动作.②看到或听到的这个动作的整个过程.2.后接sb.doingsth.表示看/听到某人正在做某事.一般是指看到/听到这个动作正在进行.do/doing用来宾语补足语.6 5.cherrsb.on当中sb.用人名或者是人称代词的宾格形式代替.翻译为:为某人加油/喝彩.7.prefer+名词/动名词/代词/宾语从句/13.begoodfor对…..有益bebadfor对…..有害14.keepsth./sb.+形容词使某人/某物保持某一种状态18.besure+that(从句)/todosth.翻译为:确信19.dosb.afavor/helpsb./givesb.ahand经常用来表示寻求帮助20.oneof+名词复数形式/代词的宾格翻译为:…..中之一如果oneof做主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数21.Wouldyoumind+doingstn.?做…..你介意吗?Wouldyoumind+not+doingstn.做……你不介意吗?英语中,表示委婉请求的表达方式回答:①接受:1.notatall没问题2.ofcoursenot没问题②拒绝:1.I’msorry,I’mafraidyou’dbetternot对不起,恐怕你不能这样做22.need+todosth.翻译为:需要做某事23.keepdoingsth.翻译为:继续做某事24.losethegame输了这场比赛25.beangrywithsb.翻译为:生某人的气with为介词,sb.接人称代词的宾格形式26.haveafight争吵;打架fight做名词讲27.saysorrytosb.翻译为:向某人道歉sb.接名词/人称代词的宾格形式28.withone’shelp/withthehelpofsb.翻译为:在某人的帮助下29.keepsb.doingsth.翻译为:使某人一直做某事30.will句型的一般将来时:(will没有人称和数的变化,适用于任何人称)31.belatefor来晚了;迟到32.besorryfor+sth./doingsth.翻译为:为……而感到抱歉33.beimportanttosb.翻译为:对某人说是重要的34.quite+abit/alot表示频率后接of用来修饰名词35.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事36.start/begin+todosth./doingsth.翻译为:开始做某事37.also用于句中用于肯定句Either用于句末一般用于否定句Too用于句末一般用于肯定句aswell用于句末一般用于肯定句全部都表示＂也＂的意思38.get动词,gettiredeasily中做系动词,后接tired(形容词)做表语.39.buildsb.up翻译为:增强某人的……sb.接人称代词的宾格形式和名词40.havefundoingsth.从……中得到乐趣41.havefun/haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself翻译为:玩得愉快,开心42.havefundoingsth./enjoydoingsth.翻译为:乐于做某事43.fillout=fillin填写fillsb.out填写……sb.为名词/人称代词的宾格形式44.bewith和……相处;和……在一起45.befriendlytosb.翻译为:对某人友好46.makefriendswithsb.翻译为:和某人交朋友47.prefer…to..翻译为:比起……来,更喜欢……48.maybe是副词,表示大概,也许或者可能的意思在句子中做状语maybemay是情态动词,加上be翻译为:可能是,大概是在句子中做谓语49.howabout/whatabout+名词/动名词翻译为:……怎么样50.befree反义bebusy翻译为:空闲的繁忙的51.every+基数词+复数名词翻译为:＂每……＂52.befondof+名词/动名词=like+动名词/名词翻译为:喜欢;乐意做某事1.      what’swrongwith…=what’sthematter=what’sup?询问对方的情况2.      haveacold=catch/getacold患感冒6 3.      Whynot+动词原形…?Whydon’tyou…?两者都是同义句,都用于提建议4.hadbetter+动词原形翻译为:最好做某事用于任何人称hadbetter+not+动词原形翻译为:最好别做某事没有任何和数的变化.5.takesb./sth.+to+地点翻译为:带某人/某物去某地6.sth.withsth.翻译为:加入某物的物品7.toomany+可数名词的复数形式…toomuch+不可数名词,用于动词后,修饰动作…muchtoo+形容词/副词…8.形容词修饰不定代词:不定代词+形容词10.sick用于名词前,修饰名词做定语翻译为:生病ill不能做定语两者都可在句子中做表语11.worryabout+人称代词宾格形式/名词…12.both…and…做主语,谓语动词用复数13.plentyof=lotsof/alotof=many=much翻译为:一些,大量的many+可数名词的复数形式much+不可数名词…14.tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事15.giveupdoingsth.=stopdoingsth.放弃/停止做某事16.enough翻译为:足够的用法:①做形容词讲时,放在名词前.后②做副词讲时,用来修饰动词或者形容词,只能放于所修饰词后.17.talkwith/tosb.和某人洽谈Talkabout谈论关于…18.among表示在三者或三者以上between表示两者之间,和and搭配翻译为:在……之间19.doone’sbest尽(某人)全力,one’s接名词所有格.物主代词20.dosomedoingsth.做……事21.must句型:(must+主语…?)①肯定回答:—Yes，主语+must.②否定回答:1.—No,主语+don’t/doesn’t+haveto.2.—No,主语+neednot.22.keepawayfromsth.翻译为:远离某物23.ringsb.up=callsb.=givesb.acall/ring/phone翻译为:给某人打电话24.careforsb.翻译为:照顾某人25.It’s+形容词/名词+todosth.翻译为:做…是…的26.teachoneself=learnbyoneself翻译为:自学27.hate+动名词/名词/代词翻译为:讨厌……28.helpsb.(to)dosth.翻译为:帮助某人做某事29.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun翻译为:过得愉快30.byoneself翻译为:亲自,自己31.helponeselfto+食物翻译为:请随便吃点……32.saytooneself翻译为:自言自语;心里想6