英语语法之nomore 8页

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  • 2022-06-17 15:50:23 发布

英语语法之nomore

  • 8页
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NOMORE...THAN含有消极,否定的意味,译为"A与B都不……,不……也不"等。NOTMORE...THAN含有积极,肯定的意味,表示程度上的差异。比较:HEISNOMOREDILIGENTTHANYOU.你不勤奋,他也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋)HEISNOTMOREDILIGENTTHANYOU.他没有你那么勤奋。(意指两个人都勤奋,但你更勤奋)SHEISNOMOREATEACHERTHANAWORKER.她既不是工人,也不是教师。SHEISNOTMOREATEACHERTHANAWORKER.说她是个教师,倒不如说她是个工人。notless…than=不如……不(即指不如less后形容词的反面)noless…than=和……一样(肯定两者)Youarelesscarefulthanheis.你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。Youarenotlesscarefulthanheis.你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。Youarenolesscarefulthanheis.你和他一样仔细。二、no+比较级+than与not+比较级+thanHehasnomorethanthreechildren.他只有3个孩子。Hehasnotmorethanthreechildren.他最多3个孩子(有或许还不到3个之意)。五、nolessthan与notlessthan均可表示数量,前者意为“多达”、“有…之多”,强调多;后者表示“不下于”、“至少”。如:Hehasnolessthansevendaughters.他有七个女儿之多。Hehasnotlessthansevendaughters.他至少有七个女儿。六、nomore…than与noless…than前者意为“与…一样不”,否定两者;而后者则表示“和…一样”,肯定两者。如:She’snomoreagreatsingerthanIam.他不是优秀歌手,我也不是。Yourbrotherisnolesswisethanyou.你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。Awhaleisnomoreafishthanahorseis.马不是鱼,鲸也不是鱼。Adolphinisnolessacleveranimalthanadogis.海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。注:wouldrather的否定式,通常要将not置于rather之后。如:  I’drathernotsayanything.我宁可什么也不说。 二、wouldrather后接完成式动词  wouldrather后接完成式动词,表示过去的想法,通常可译为“(本来)宁愿做某事”。如:  Wewentbysea,butI’dratherhavegonebyair.我们是乘船去的,可我本想乘飞机去。  “Atthattime,Iwouldratherhavebeenafactoryworkerthanananimalkeeper,”hesaid.“那时,我宁愿做一个工厂工人,也不愿做动物饲养员,”他说道。    2.指过去用过去完成时。如:  I’dratherhehadn’ttoldmeaboutit我宁愿他未告诉我这件事。  KatewentbycarandI’drathershehadn’t.凯特是坐汽车去的,我倒愿意她不是坐汽车去的。  I’drathershehadaskedmebeforeborrowingthecar.我真希望她先问我一声再借车。  注:有时用于虚拟语气语境中。如:(fromwww.nmet168.com)  IfI’dlivedin1400,I’dratherhavebeenaknightthanamonk.如果我生活在1400年,我宁愿当骑士,不当修道士。  Ifshe’dhadachance,she’dratherhavelived100yearsago.如果有机会她宁愿生活在100年前。   完形填空词组及固定搭配常考汇总ahostof大量 atestfor检测目的 ateston对……进行测试 atestwith检测手段 achieveequilibrium取得平衡 achieveone’spurpose达到目的 achievesuccess获得成功 achievevictory获得胜利 acton遵照┄行动,作用于;对…有影响 alternate(with)交替; andyet然而 anywherenear接近于 asto至于,关于; asyet迄今,到目前为止 asidefrom除┄之外; atadisadvantage处于不利地位 atnotime从不,决不 atonetime曾经,从前曾 bedrawnto被┄所吸引; behabitualto(him)对(他来说)习以为常 beinorder合适,恰当。 beinvolvedin参与,参加; beinvolvedwith与……有关连, beleftto由┄来决定,由┄来想办法; bethrownin额外赠送 behindtime晚点 beyondquestion毋庸置疑 bringabout产生; bringforward提出。 bringout使出现;公布;出版; byallmeans无论如何,必定 bychoice处于选择 bymistake错误地 callforth唤起,引起 castlighton阐明某事; comeunder归人,受到 comeup发生,形成; consistentin在(某方面)一致 consistentwith与……一致 copyout抄写; correlatewith找出一一对应的关系 cutout删掉; dieback枯死; dieoff相继死去; dosomethingfor/to改进,增强 dwellon利用 enterfor报名参加; enterinto开始(谈话,讨论) entertainaproposal愿意考虑这一建设 faithfulto忠心于 forthepurposeof为了┄目的; from/byallaccounts根据方面所说 giveway让路,让步 goin进入,参加 gothrough经历 haveabearingon与……有关系 holddown控制 holdout维持,伸出,提出,坚持 holdup保持良好,停止;阻滞 holdup举起,承载,阻挡 inastateof处于……的状态 inaccordwith与……一致 incircles=inacircle在原地兜圈子,毫无进展 inconsequence因此; inone’sterms用……的话来说inone’sview根据……观点 inperspective关系恰当地,观察合理地; inpointof说到,关于 inreferenceto关于,就┄而论; inregardto关于 intheanalysisof在对……进行分析时 inthebargain此外,还 infuse…into注入 irrespectiveof不顾的,不考虑的; leadoff开始; leadout开始; makefor有助于,有利于; maketowards朝…走去 makeway开路,让路 onradio用无线电,通过广播; ontheoccasionof在…场合,值…之际; ontheside额外地,作为兼职; oneanother相互 oneorother不管哪一个 outofstep不一致,不协调 passoff中止,停止; payby check用支票支付 payincash或paycash付现金。 payoff赢利,取得好结果, quiteother完全不同的 reflectdiscrediton使丧失名誉 ripefor为什么做好准备。 rootout发现 securesth.fromattack使……受攻击 setback推迟,延缓;阻碍 setdown卸下,放下;记下 setforth阐明,陈述 similarto与┄类似; stepup增加,加速在…方面不同。 takeaway消耗,清除 takeup专用 tocautionagainst对……予以警告 turnup意外地发生; workaway一直在工作 workup逐步建立,逐步发展; writeaway不停地写 writein提出书面要求 writeoff报废;勾销 writeout写出,取消某角色开出(药方,支票) Under…condition,也可相当于一个虚拟条件从句。Undermorefavorableconditions,wewouldhavemademoreachievements.Hadbetter反意疑问句的陈述部分为hadbetter时,附加问用助动词had。Youhadbettergoatonce,hadn"tyou?We’dbettercalloffourappointment,hadn’twe?Wouldrather反意疑问句的陈述部分为wouldrather时,附加问句用情态动词would。You"drathernotdoit,wouldyou?Shewouldratherdiethansurrendertotheenemy,wouldn’tshe?助动词情态动词Usedto反意疑问句的陈述部分为usedto时,附加问句用助动词did。YouusedtostayuplateeveryeveningwatchingTV,didn’tyou?助动词情态动词Oughtto反意疑问句的陈述部分为oughtto时,附加问句用助动词should.Sheoughttogobyplane,shouldn"tshe?Weoughtnottolaughatothers’mistakes,shouldwe? 助动词情态动词Must反意疑问句的陈述部分有must,附加问句分三种情况:⑴mustdo—mustn"t⑵mustbe—随人称用系动词一般现在时⑶musthavedone—didn"t反意疑问句的陈述部分是wish时,附加问句用情态动词may。Iwishtoshakehandswithyou,mayI?人称和数(1)陈述部分主语是"I"时,附加问句的人称分二种情况:⑴Ihopethat…,don"tyou?Ican"tbelieveit,canyou?⑵Iwillbe14tomorrow,aren"tI?Iaminterestedinit,aren"tI?人称和数(2)陈述部分主语是everything、nothing、something等时看作单数,附加问句用it指代。陈述部分主语是everyone、everybody、nobody、somebody、someone、noone、anybody、anyone等时看作复数,附加问句用they指代。陈述部分主语是不定代词one时,附加问句用one指代。人称和数(3)Nothingisamazingthere,isit?Somethingwillhavetobedoneabouttheprice,won"tit?Nobodyisleavingtomorrow,arethey?Everyonehopestogetpromoted,don"tthey?Someonelefttheirumbrellainthebus,didn"tthey?Onecan"tbetoocareful,canone?祈使句后面的附加问句(1)祈使句后面的附加问句,分三种情况;⑴表客气、委婉、邀请、劝诱、愿望等时,用won"tyou。Haveacupofcoffee,won"tyou?⑵表命令、强制的要求、请求时,用willyou。Doitatonce,willyou?⑶否定祈使句用willyou。Don"tclosethedoor,willyou?祈使句后面的附加问句(2)Let"s和letus后面的附加问句,分两种情况;⑴let"s包括对方在内,用shallwe或shan"twe。⑵letus不包括对方在内,用willyou或won"tyou。Let后接非us之外的人称如me、him、her、them等时,附加问句用willyou。祈使句后面的附加问句(3)let"sgotothemovies,shallwe? letusgotothemovies,willyou?lethimgo,willyou?letmeattendthefarewellparty,willyou?There+be句型的反意疑问句There+be句型的反意疑问句,附加问句用bethere/benotthere,由主语人称时态和数决定。Therewon"tbeanytrouble,willthere?There"snotmuchnewsintoday"spaper,isthere?Therehasbeenmuchconfusionsincehisarrival,hasn’tthere?This/that/Itis/wasthethirdtimethat句型This/that/Itis/wasthethirdtimethat等句型中,反意主句,用it指代。Thisisthethirdtimethisweekhehasbeenlate,isn’tit?ItwasthesecondtimethatshehadbeentotheGreatWall,wasn’tit?主从复合句(1)Ithink(suppose…)宾语从句结构,附加问句反意从句分两种情况;⑴前肯定句,后用否定句。Ithinkthatheisserious,isn’the?⑵前有否定句,后面附加问句用肯定(Idon"tthink)。Idon’tsupposethatsheisserious,isshe?上述主从复合句主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时,反意主句。TheythinkMarywillpasstheexamination,don’tthey?主从复合句(2)Ihope+宾语从句结构,附加问句用don"tyou。Ihopethattheystudyhard,don’tyou?感叹句后的附加问句感叹句后的附加问句指人时,根据人称、数决定用什么指代。指物时,根据单复数决定,用it/they指代。Whataninterestingstory,isn"tit?Whatafunnyman,isn"the?Howsillytheyare,aren"tthey?含有否定词的介词短语在句首时,句子主谓倒装。这类介词短语包括:innocase,atnotime,innoway,bynomeans,onnoaccount,innosense,undernocircumstances,等等。意思为“决不,在任何情况下都不。”Such/so…that句型中的倒装Such/so…that句型中such+名词或so+形容词,副词等位于句首时,主句中主谓倒装。Sobadlywasheinjuredintheaccidentthathehadtostayinthehospitalfortreatment.SoexcitedwasIthatIdidn’tknowwhattosay.than引导的比较状语从句中,主从句谓语趋向中间以达到平衡,此时从句要求主谓倒装。Nowadays,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,manislesslimitedbynature thanwerehisforefathers/ancestors.表频率的状语至于句首倒装表频率的状语至于句首,倒装。Manyatimehashegivenussoundadvice.Twiceaweekdoeshegotovisithisgrandparents.Morethanoncehaveweheardhimmakesuchpromises.有些集体名词(表示总称)如machinery、stationery,merchandise(商品)、foliage(树和植物叶子的总称)等看作单数。Morethanone所修饰的名词作主语时谓语动词多用单数。Therestof+名词/代词做主语Therestof+名词/代词做主语时,谓语动词有三种情况:1)Therestof+可数名词复数做主语,谓语动词用复数。2)Therestof+可数名词单数做主语,谓语动词用单数。3)Therestof+不可数名词做主语,谓语动词用单数。最高级前用byfar等表示强调在疑问词(wh-词)后加上onearth、intheworld等一些特殊词语,加强疑问语气表示强调。Whatonearthdoyouwant?WhereintheworldcanIfindsuchavaluablepainting?词汇强调在否定句中用atall、intheleast等加强否定语气表示强调。Hewasnotatallsatisfiedwithhisjob.Sheisnotintheleastignorant/foolish.It/This/Thatis/was+序数词+timethatsb.has/haddonesth.Thisisthethirdtimewithinonemonththathehasgonetothecinema.Thatwasthefourthtimethathehadmadechangestotheoriginaldesign.常见的能跟动名词作宾语的v.及v.phrase:admit,appreciate,avoid,confessto,consider,delay,deny,endure(忍耐),enjoy,escape,excuse,fancy(想象),finish,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,permit,postpone,practice,risk,can"thelp,feellike,giveup,keepout,objectto(反对),oppose,putoff(推迟).注意:动名词作宾语后面带有补语,一般不用形式宾语it。但当宾补是一些带有“有用、明智、值得”等含义的adj时,通常要用it作形宾,而将作宾语的g.放到补语后面。作介词宾语Neverputoffdoingwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.Haveyougotusedtoworkingonthenightshift?(上夜班)Childrenarefondofreadingfairytales.get/beused/accustomedto,befondof,lookforwardto,longfor,dreamof,approve/disapproveof,insiston,persistin,accusesb.of,chargesb.with,bekeenon,beabsorbedin,concentrateon,putoff,prevent…from...Thereisnogainindoingsth.做某事没有好处。 省去being或分词后,由n./pron.+adj./adv./介词短语构成。Heenteredtheroom,hisnose(being)redwithcold.Themeal(being)over,hewenttohisofficeagain.Hestoodindoorway,ahat(held)inhishand.Club(held/being)inhand,thepolicemanranafterthethief.独立结构*独立结构:(不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不同)该结构在句中一般作说明情况的状语。*Theplanwasthatthecontendingpartiesshouldreachanearlyagreementonbasicprinciples,thedetailstobeworkedoutlater.*(这个计划是让争执的双方先在基本原则上达成协议,细节以后再磋商。)AnotherExample*Heproposedapicnic,hehimselftopaytherailwaytickets,andJohntoprovidethefood.不带“to”的不定式*使用不带“to”的不定式的几种句型*(1)口语中,以why开头的简单问句*Whydoitthatway?为什么用这种方法来做这事呢?(alltoo),onlytoo等与不定式连用表示肯定意义*He‘sonlytoopleasedtohelpus.非常愿意/高兴帮助我们。*Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtocome.*tooreadyto结构表肯定意义*He"stooreadytopromise.他太易于许诺。*He"stooreadytocriticizeothers.MustIcomeasearlyas6tomorrowmorning?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.Mustn’t&Needn’tMusthearriveveryearly?No,hedoesn’thaveto/No,heneedn’t.Beto相当于besupposedtoYouaretoobeytheschoolrulesandregulations.Daily,weekly,yearly,monthly等一些以ly结尾的词即可以是形容词也可是副词。有些形容词只能做表语。(如表健康的ill、well和以前缀a开头的形容词alone,awake,aware,astir,ashore,asleep,alike,alive)倍数+比较级+than+被比对象*Thefactoryproducesthreetimesmorecarsthantheotherone.*Thepassageistwicelongerthantheonewediscussedlastweek.倍数+the+表数量大小的名词+of+被比对象或that/thoseof*Thesizeoftheapartmentisthreetimesthatofthehousetheyusedtolivein/inhabit.*Thenumberofstudentswhofailedinthefinalexamthistermistwicethatofthestudentslastterm.*Theroomsinthishotelaresixtimesthoseofthesmallinn.