跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词 7页

跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词近年来，河北中考对名词的测试，重点考查名词的词义辨析和词形变化。从命题意图来看，侧重考查学生在具体语言环境中对名词的应用能力；从命题形式来看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等，所占分值通常在2～5分之间；从命题内容来看，主要考查可数名词与不可数名词的用法、名词的所有格、不可数名词的计量表达及具体情景中名词词义的辨析等。预计2016年，可数名词复数的构成、不可数名词的计量表达、名词的所有格及名词在具体语境中的运用将是考查热点。2011—2015年河北中考试题分析表(名词)年份题号题型分值201130，52，82单项选择，完形填空，词语运用3201230，53，55，85单项选择，完形填空，词语运用4201329，49，50，51，81单项选择，完形填空，词语运用5201430，46，50，81单项选择，完形填空，词语运用4201529，43，44，80，84单项选择，完形填空，词语运用，连词成句5名词是指人、地点、事物、行为、品质、抽象概念、感情等的名称的词。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词表示具体的人、事物、地点或机构的专有名称(如：Beijing，China，Jack)。普通名词表示某类人或某类事物的名称。普通名词又可分为个体名词(表示单个的人或事物，如：astronaut，building等)、集体名词(表示一群人或一些事物的总称，如：family，group等)、物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如：water，rice等)和抽象名词(表示抽象概念的词，如：health，education等)。一般地说，个体名词和集体名词是可数的，称为可数名词，有单、复数之分；物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，称为不可数名词，通常只有单数，但在某些具体情况下也可以用复数。1.可数名词和不可数名词可数名词不可数名词分单、复数两种形式desk→desksbus→buses没有复数形式teameat-7-跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词 前面可用基数词、不定冠词修饰threeboys；anorange不可以被基数词和不定冠词直接修饰，若表示数量可用“单位词＋不可数名词”apieceofpaper；twocupsoftea可数名词的复数前可用many，some，any修饰manyteachers；somefriends可用much，some，any修饰muchbread；somemilk有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：work(工作)—awork(著作)glass(玻璃)—aglass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)—apaper(报纸；文件；试卷)tea(茶)—atea(一种茶)(表示种类)wood(木头)—awood(小树林)room(空间)—aroom(房间)chicken(鸡肉)—achicken(小鸡)light(光，光线)—alight(电灯)fish(鱼肉)—fishes(各种各样的鱼)exercise(锻炼，运动)—exercises(习题)life(生活)—lives(生命)orange(橘子汁)—anorange(橘子)time(时间)—times(倍，次数)hand(帮助)—ahand(手)radio(无线电)—aradio(收音机)1.(2015河北)Couldyoupleasetakemypicture?Hereismy________.A.printerB.radioC.playerD.camera2.(2015保定调研)I’dliketohavealookatthe________.I’llordermymeal.A.billB.listC.noteD.menu3.(2015石家庄裕华区模拟)Helostalotofhis________duringthiseconomiccrisis(危机).Buthestillkepton.A.standardB.weightC.wealthD.task4.(2015邯郸二模)Sorry,Mr.Leeisn’tin.Youcanleavea________tohim.A.letterB.messageC.diaryD.notice5.(2015石家庄毕业班质量检测)Wouldyoupleasegetmesome________?I’mthirsty.A.breadB.waterC.appleD.meat6.(2015沧州一模)—What’sthe________ofthecaratpresent?—It’sabout70kilometresanhour.A.placeB.speedC.priceD.mark7.(2015石家庄18县联考)What’syour________forbeinglateagain?A.excuseB.keyC.ideaD.news8.(2015石家庄一模)Thestudentsaswellastheirteacheraredoingan________inthelab.A.experienceB.chemistryC.directionD.experiment2.可数名词的复数形式情况构成方法例词一般情况加-scap→caps；dog→dogs；bike→bikes；driver→drivers以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾加-esbus→buses；wish→wishes；watch→watches；box→boxes以“辅音字母＋y”结尾变y为i，再加-eslady→lad；century→centuries；family→familie；story→stories以f或fe结尾一般变f，fe为v，再加-esleaf→leaves；life→lives；-7-跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词 half→halves；knife→knives以o结尾o前为辅音音素时加-es，o前为元音音素时加-stomato→tomatoe；hero→heroes；potato→potatoes；radio→radios；zoo→zoo；例外：photo→photos；piano→pianos复合名词将后一个词变为复数tooth-brush→tooth-brushes；film-goer→film-goers两部分都变复数mandoctor→mendoctors；womanteacher→womenteachers特殊名词改变内部元音字母foot→feet；tooth→teeth；man→men；mouse→mice词尾加－renchild→children单复数同形Chinese→Chin；sheep→sheep；deer→deer1.“数词＋名词＋形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词须用单数形式。如：five-year-old5岁大的afive-poundnote一张5英镑的纸币asix-foot-deephole一个6英尺深的洞aten-story-highbuilding一幢10层高的楼房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本2英寸厚的字典a100-meterrace一场百米赛跑2.以-s结尾的名词，有的作单数使用，有的作复数使用。(1)以-s结尾的学科类名词，一般是不可数名词。如：maths，physics，politics等。(2)表示由两部分构成的物体的名词，其形式上可数，若表达具体数目时，要借助数量词pair来表示，其单复数形式取决于pair的单复数形式。如：apairoftrousers一条裤子(3)以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名词，看作单数名词。如：TheNewYorkTimes(《纽约时报》)；TheArabianNights(《一千零一夜》)(4)以-s结尾表示国家、组织或公司名称的专有名词，通常被看作单数。如：theUnitedStates(美利坚合众国)；theUnitedNations(联合国)(5)以-s结尾表示群岛、山脉、瀑布等自然景观的专有名词，通常被看作复数。如：theHuangguoshuFalls(黄果树瀑布)；theOlympicGames(奥林匹克运动会)(6)复合名词的复数形式分为两种：一是只将主体名词变为复数形式；二是如果是man，woman与其他名词组成的复合名词，那么两个名词都要变为复数形式。如：anappletreetwoappletrees；awomanteachersomewomenteachers9.(2015唐山路北区二模)Thetwo________bothboughtsome________inthemarket.A.Germen;potatoesB.Germans;potatoesC.Germans;potatosD.Germen;potatos10.(2015河北模拟创新型)Howmany________arethereinyourschool?A.womanteacherB.womenteacherC.womanteachersD.womenteachers11.(2015邯郸武安七中模拟)Johnbought________forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes12.(2015邯郸武安七中模拟)Eachofushastowritea________reporteverytwoweeks.A.two-hundred-wordB.two-hundreds-word-7-跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词 C.two-hundreds-wordsD.two-hundred-words13.(2015滦平县二模)Ineedsome________tomakefruitsalad.Let’sgoandbuysomenow.A.beansB.beefC.potatoesD.strawberries14.(2015中考仿真五)Couldyouteachmehowtousethese________tocutfood,Uncle?A.glassB.knivesC.pensD.fruit15.(2014邢台三模)Ten________werehurt,butno________werelostinthataccident.A.people;lifeB.people;livesC.peoples;lifeD.peoples;lives16.(2014辛集一模)—Doyouknowhowmany________ahorsehasandhowmany________abeehas?—Ofcourse.Iknow.A.teeth;feetB.tooth;footC.foot;teethD.teeth;foot3.不可数名词的计量类型英语汉译例子个数单位词piece张apieceofadvice；twopiecesofadvicedrop滴adropofink；threedropsofinkpile堆apileofwood；fourpilesofwood容器单位词cup杯acupofcoffee；sevencupsofcoffeeglass(玻璃)杯aglassofmilk；eightglassesofmilkbottle瓶abottleofjuice；ninebottlesofjuicebox盒、箱aboxofchalk；tenboxesofchalkbag袋abagofflour；elevenbagsofflour度量衡单位词pound磅apoundofmeat；fourteenpoundsofmeatkilo公斤akiloofoil；twokilosofoil1.不可数名词表示数量时，可用alotof，much，little，alittle，some，no等修饰。如：Iwantsomewater.我想要一些水。2.不可数名词表示一定的数量时，可借助可数名词，用“a＋可数名词＋of＋不可数名词”结构。表示复数意义时，把可数名词变为复数形式。如：Heneedstwopiecesofpaper.他需要两张纸。17.(2015河北预测卷一)YourspokenEnglishissogood.Couldyougivemesome________?A.newsB.adviceC.informationD.time18.(2015邯郸一模)Couldyoupleasebringmesome________?I’mthirsty.A.chickenB.beefC.breadD.orange19.(2014河北二模)We’dlike________.A.twobagofmilkB.twobagsofmilkC.twobagofmilksD.twobagsofmilks20.(2014石家庄新华区三模)—Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?-7-跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词 —Yes,________,please.A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolatesC.somecakesD.twobottlesoforange21.I’veread________sportsnewsaboutLiuXiangtoday.A.twoB.piecesC.twopiecesD.twopiecesof4.名词所有格类型构成方法例子有生命的名词(人或动物)在词尾加’sTom’sbook；thegirl’sear－ring；thedog’sears；thehero’sname以s，es结尾的复数名词只加’thestudents’desks；theworkers’tools；theteachers’office不以(e)s结尾的复数名词加’smen’sclothes；Children’sDay；Women’sDay；sheep’swool无生命的名词时间、世界、国家、城市等一般在词尾加’sChina’scapital；Chengdu’sindustries；theworld’spopulation；today’snews其他一般用of结构thedooroftheroom；amapoftheworld；thelegsofthetable；awayoflife1.用and连接两个并列名词的所有格：(1)当and连接的两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s。如：Maryandhersister’sbedroom玛丽和她姐姐共有的卧室LilyandLucy’smother莉莉和露西的妈妈(2)当and连接的两个并列名词表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加’s表示所有关系。如：Tom’sandMary’sbags汤姆和玛丽他们各自的包2.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时，常在表示职业的名词或是姓氏后加上’s代表场所。如：atailor’s裁缝铺；abarber’s理发店；adoctor’s诊所；mysister’s我姐姐的家；astationer’s文具店；Chaplin’s卓别林的家3.所有物＋of＋’s结构或所有物＋of＋名词性物主代词＝双重所有格。如：afriendofmyfather’s我父亲的一个朋友apenofmine我的一支钢笔22.(2015石家庄新华区)Weallbelievepeoplehavenothingwithouta________army.A.peopleB.people’sC.peoplesD.peoples’23.(2015河北英语综合试卷二)I’llgiveyou________tofinishthework.A.twoweek’stimeB.twoweeks’timeC.twoweektimeD.twoweekstime24.(2015升学模拟五)________bedroomisverybeautiful.Theylikeitverymuch.A.Tina’sandLinda’sB.TinaandLinda’sC.TinaandLindaD.Tina’sandLinda-7-跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词 25.(2014衡水五校联考二模)—What’sthatonthedesk?—It’salettersentby________.A.myfatherfriendB.myfatherfriend’sC.afriendofmyfather’sD.afriendofmyfather26.(2014沧州一模)—Excuseme,whereisthe________?—Turnleft,andyouwillseeit.A.men’sroomB.mens’roomC.men’sroomsD.menrooms1.—WhydoyoulistentoSpanishsongsallthetime?—Thisisjustmy___tolearnSpanish.A.choiceB.roadC.wayD.reason2.It’scommon______thatkangaroosliveinAustralia.A.informationB.knowledgeC.directionD.instruction3.Myfatherboughttwo______whenhecamebackfromGuilin.A.milkB.breadC.watchD.dictionaries4.Myfatherenjoysplayingtennis.It’soneofhis______.A.habitB.habitsC.hobbyD.hobbies5.—Canyoutellmewhotheoldwomanoverthereunderthebigtreeis?—Oh,she’s______grandmother.A.TomandMike’sB.Tom’sandMike’sC.Tom’sandMikeD.TomandMike6.—Excuseme,isthesupermarketfarfromhere?—No,it’sabout______.A.8minuteswalkB.8minutewalkC.8minutes’walkD.8minute’swalk7.Look!The______areplayingfootballontheplaygroundnow.A.boy’sstudentB.boystudentC.boysstudentD.boystudents8.Look!Therearesome______onthefarm.A.chickenB.gooseC.sheepD.cow9.Wehaveno______inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomecucumbers，carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.eggsC.meatD.fruit10.Therestaurantissopopularhere.Look,therearesomany______here.A.foodB.dishC.peopleD.waiter11.Thecustomersarepleasedwiththe______oftherestaurant.A.balanceB.experienceC.surfaceD.service12.—IwanttobuythebookTheTransparentCarrotbyMoYan.Doyouknowits______?—Notreally.Maybe25yuan.A.coverB.sizeC.colorD.price13.—Canyougetapianoforme,dear?—Butthereisn’tenough______foritinourhouse.A.placeB.floorC.roomD.ground14.Listen!Agroupof______aretalkingabouttwo______.A.Frenchmans;GermanB.Germans;FrenchmansC.Frenchmen;GermansD.German;Frenchmen15.Hisfatherisnotan______doctorbuta______doctor.A.animal’s;children’sB.animal;childrenC.animal’s;childrenD.animal;children’s16.Ifyouworkhard，you’llgetgood______.A.gradesB.notesC.lessonsD.answers17.—Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheboywhohelpedyoujustnow?—Sorry,Iknownothingabouthim.Weare______.A.friendsB.neighborsC.classmatesD.strangers18.—Billisill.Doyouknowwhat’swrongwithhim?—Poorboy.Hisillnessisthe______ofeatingbadfood.-7-跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词 A.causeB.resultC.reasonD.end19.Iwanttowritetomypenpal.Pleasepassme______.A.twopieceofpaperB.twopieceofpapersC.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapers20.Mr.Liisalwayspatienttogiveme______onhowtoworkouttheproblems.A.anadviceB.manyadvicesC.someadviceD.someadvices参考答案跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词题组训练1-5.DDCBB　6-10.BADBD　11-15.AADBB16-20.ABDBD　21-25.DBBBC　26.A整合集训1-5.CBDDA　6-10.CDCAC11-15.DDCCD16-20.ADBCC-7-跟郭老师学初中英语语法：名词