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演绎法与归纳法在小学英语语法教学中的对比研究

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国内图书分类号:H31学校代码:10079国际图书分类号:821密级:公开硕±学位论文演绎法与归纳法在小学英语语法教学中的对比研究硕±研究生:龙娇导师:牛跃辉副教授申请学位:文学硕±学科:外国语言文学专业:英语语言文学所在学院:外国语学院答辩日期:2015年3月授予学位单位:华北电力大学/ ClassifiedIndex:H31U.D.C:821ThesisfortheMasterDereeg乂ComparativeStudyofDeductiveandInductiveAroachestoTeachinEnlishGrammarinappggPrimarS化oolyCandidate:LonJiaogAssoc-Supervisor;iateProfessorNiuYuehuiAcademicDegreeAppliedFor:MasterofArtsSchoolofForeinLanuaesSchoolggg:DateofDefence;March2015,Deree-Con化rr-nstturgingIi估on:NothChinaElectricPowerUniversity/ 华北电力大学硕±学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明:此处所提交的硕±学位论文《演绎法与归纳法在小学英语语法教学中的对比研究》,是本人在导师指导下,在华北电力大学攻读硕±学位期间独立进行研究工作所取得的成果,。据本人所知论文中除已注明部分外不包含他人已发表或撰写过的研究成果。对本文的研究工作做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均己在文中W明确方式注明。本声明的法律结果将完全由本人承担。?i作者签名:怎煮日期:么/年3月少日气华北电力大学硕±学位论文使用授权书《演绎法与归纳法在小学英语语法教学中的对比研究》系本人在华北电力大学攻读硕±学位期间在导师指导下完成的硕±学位论文。本论文的研究成果归华北电力大学所有,本论文的研究内容不得W其它单位的名义发表。本人完全了解华北电力大学关于保存、使用学位论文的规定,同意学校保留并向国家有关部口或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版本,同意学校将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,允许论文被查阅和借阅,学校可W为存在馆际合作关系的兄弟高校用户提供文献传递服务和交换服务。本人授权华北电力大学,可W采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、可W公布论文的全部或部分内容。""本学位论文属于(请在W上相应方框内打V):保密□,在年解密后适用本授权书/不保密回作者签名;走戈日期:故咬年^月日奇*王i导师签名;^抑碟曰孤年^月/曰 华北电力大学硕±学位论文AbstractThenewcurriculumStandardrequkesE打glishteachersto化achEnglishi打an-whnterestorientedwaichcauses化ehe打omenonofavoidinbachinrammariniypggg’marschoolsittosoilsttsi打teresti打E打hli.Althhpriy打order打opude打gliseam打gougtttttttinteresisimoraninteachinidoesnomeanharammarbecomesanpg,guntouchablefieldtoprimaryschoolstude打tswhichcannotbetaught.I打factthe,problemintheteachingofEnlishinrimarschoolsisnoUeachi打rammarornotgpyggbuthowtoteachit.Aslongasthewaoframmarteachinisaroriateandsuitsyggpppthepsychologicalfeatureoftheprimaryschools1;ude打ts,theteachingofgrammarwill,unotspodstudentsEnglishleami打ginterestbtwillenhancetheirE打glishlearnin.gAstwocommo打seenrammar化achinaroaches化edeductivearoachandggpp,pphinductiveapproachhaveteirownadvantagesanddisadvantages.Neverthelessthe,researchsubectsofreviousstudies0打deductiveandinductiveapproacheswerejpmai打lycollegesUidents,seniorandjuniorhighschoolstudentsb山almost打0primaryschoolstude打ts.Accordintosuchcircumstancethisthesisemhasizesontheg,pfeasibilityandeffectivenessofprimaryEnglishgrammarteachingandcomparestheeffectsofdeductiveapproachandinductiveapproachtofindoutamoreappropriatewayoframmarCachinforstudentsofrimarschoolthrouh化achinexeriment.ggpyggpTheteachi打exerimentwasconducedinarimarschoolofBeiinAntegppyg.dhjteachi打subectsweresUjde打ts行omgradeonetogradefive.I打eachgradetherearegj,twoarallelclassesoneclasswastauhtwiththedeductivearoachandtheotherp,gppwastaughtwiththeinductiveapproach.Theexperimentcontainsthreestages,-tts化eteexerimentstaeandtheotetincludinhereexerimenghsxerimengpp,pgpp*-t.Durttsttmatastsaeinhereexerime打aeheinkis化ieareherammarointsggppg,ppgpt.theext;obetaughtandt:hetesstobetes化dforeachgradeInperimentstagethe,-tttreesrammareach1tkstndthedelae1twereconducedin;heimmediaead:esp,gg,yaccordinlthraeDtttti打etwoarallelclassesofeachgd.urinheosexerimendaagypgpp,lectedandanalzedtoettheexerimentresultsiivefeasibwerecolygp打ordertoglesuestionsforteachinEnlishrammarefectivelyi打rimarschool.gggggpyTheresultsoftheteachingexperimentindicatet;hat:(1)comparedwiththe^deductiveapproacht;heinductivearoachattractsstudentsattentionbetterand,ppcatchestheirint;erestsbeUerduri打gtheclass;2l;heinductivearoachismore()pp,efectttiveonimprovingstudentsscore3:hei打ducivearoachismoreaccetable;()pppI 华化电力大学硕±学位论文,=te*===s=s!eseaie=stear=se=s=======^=5aaiaeeemBas^=^=s===s===,曲址姑rimarscolstudentsfMit抽仕actsstudentsatteati咖bettericlassandryhogpdSstsstodeatscholoicalfeatifeofdiscoverin.pwggLimitedbobectiveconditionthisresearchonlcoversasmallstud贷eldonyj,yydeduc枯verandinductiveaoachesmano化erroblei跑n^d扣材herdiscussi说1andpp,ypAisthesisutsforwards<Mnerelatedsuestions.pggKc^wordKPiies^yschool,inductiveapproach/II 华北电力大学硕±学位论文摘要《新谏程标准》要求外语教师在教学过程中W兴趣为导向来教授英语,导致小学出现了为避免破坏学生的英语学习兴趣而不教语法的现象。W兴趣为导向固然重要,但这并不意味着语法在小学英语教学中就不能教授,成为小学生不能触,,及的内容。事实上,在小学英语教学中问题不在于能不能教语法而在于用什、理特点么样的方式教授语法。只要教学方法得当,符合小学生的屯,语法教学并,甚至还可W促进他们的英语学习不会破坏学生的英语学习兴趣。作为两种最常见的语法教学方式,演绎法与归纳法在语法教学中各有利弊。然而,W往对演绎法与归纳法的研究,其研究对象主要是大学生、高中生或巧中,生,几乎没有W小学生为对象的研究。根据这种情况本论文重点讨论小学英语语法教学的可行性和有效性,通过教学实验,对比演绎法与归纳法的效果,W找出更适合小学生的语法教学的方式。一一,实验对象为至五年级的小学生本实验研究在所北京的小学进行。在每一一个班级都有两个平行班,个班W归纳法,其中个班W演绎法进行语法教学另进行语法教学。整个实验过程分为前、中、后H个阶段。实验前期的主要任务是""一语法点准备至五年级测试所需要的和相关测试题;实验中期则是在各个年""""""级的两个平行班进行,延时测验前测,教学实践及时测验与;实验后期主要是收集并分析数据,得出实验结论,并针对小学英语语法教学的有效途径提出可行性建议。一()教学实验研究结果表明:与演绎法相比,归纳法更能唤起小学生在课堂中的法意力W及学习兴趣,;(二)与演绎法相比归纳法在提高学生的分数方面更为有效;(王)由于归纳法在课堂上更能抓住学生注意力,符合小学生喜欢,探索、善于发现的特点,所W归纳法比演绎法更适用于小学英语语法教学。一由于受客观条件限制,本研究覆盖面较小,仍有定的局限性,许多问题仍一有待于进步探讨,,对此本文也提出了几点相关的建议。关键词:小学;;英语语法教学;演绎法归纳法;!III 华北电力大学硕壬学位论文ConkntsAbstract????!摘要llIListofTablesVIIIListofAbbreviationsXChapterOneIntroduction1.RBand.11esearchckgrou11.1renituatio打oframmarTeachi打inrimac.1CurtSGgPryShools11.1.2CurrentSituationofGrammar民esearchesat化ePrimaryevel2L12S打ificanof化se.igceeRearch31.3StructureoftheThesis4rwoLieraureRevewChapteTtti52.1GrammarTeachingOverview52.1.1Definitio打sofGrammar52.2Dme打tAb.1eveloofGrammarTeachin呂road6p2.1.3DevelopmentofGrammarTeachingAtHome72.2IntroductionofDeductiveAroachandInductiveAroppppach82.21DfitiDtiIti8.einonsofeduconandnducon2.2.2ComparisonofDeductiveandInductiveApproaches92.2.3TheControversyofDeductiveandInductiveAroaches11pp2.3revioustudieso打DeductiveandI打ductivePSApproaches12ChapterThreeTheoreticalFoundation153-.1FormFocusedTheory153.1FoF15.1cus0打orms..^3.1.2Focuso打Form16At-LTh316.2cquisiioneami打georyChapterFourResearchDesign184.1Hypotheses18斗.2Objectives184.3Subects20j.4ateras214Mil4.5Instruments21*-4.1Pieest21.5T4.2I.5mmediateTest224.5.3DeTt22layedes4.6Pcedure22ro4-.61Pt22.reExperimen4.6.2Experiment234.3PEx.6ostperiment26ChapterFiveDataAnalysisandDiscussion285.1DataAnalysis285.1.1AnalysisofGradeOne28IV 华北电力大学硕±学位论文5.1.2AnalysisofGradeTwo325.1.3AnalysisofGradeThree365.1.4lsradeour39AnayisofGF5.5AnalsisofGradeFive4.1y25.2Discussion45ChapterSixConclusion506.1MaorFindins50jg6.2Imlicatio打sfortheTeachi打ofEnlishGrammar1p呂g56.3LimitationtsofheResearch52ttRees26.4SuggesionsforFurhersearch5References53AppendixITestsofGradeOne57AppendixIITestsofGradeTwo60AendixIIITestsofdeThppGraree63AppendixIVTestsofGradeFour66AppendixVTestsofGradeFive69PaperspublishedintheperiodofMAeducation72Acknowledments73gV 华北电为大学硕±学位论文目录AbstractInmm表格e录vm綱语表X第11章3信U研巧背景1U.I小学语法教学現状11丄2小学语法研巧现状212研3.巧意义1.3论文续构4第2章文献综述52.1语法教学回顾52丄1语法的定义52-0圃鋒语法毅学衡发展62丄3国内语法教学御发展72.2演绎法与巧纳法介绍82.2.1演绎与归納的定义82.2.2演绎法与归納法的对比92.2.3演绎法与归纳法的争议112口.3演泽法与归纳法的早期研巧第3章理论基础1531.1形式聚焦理论53丄1语言形式为纲153丄2语意与形式兼顾1632习16.得与学习理论第醜献设计—18411S.研巧假设4.2研巧目的1842.3研巧对象04.4研巧材料214.5研巧工具2145.1前测21.4.5.2及时测验2242.5.3延时测验24.6研究过程224.6.1前试验阶段224.223.6试验阶段4.6.3后试验阶段26第5章数据分祈与讨论285.1数据分析28一5丄1年级分析285丄2二年级分析32VI 华北电力大学硕±学位论文5丄3H年级分析365丄4四年级分析395丄5五年级分析425.2讨论45第6章结论506.1主要发现506.2对英语语法教学的启示516.3本研巧的局限性5264对后续52.研究的建议参考文献53-附录I年级测试57附录II二年级测试60附录IIIH年级测试63IV附录四年级测试66附录V五年级测试69攻读硕±学位期间发表的论文72致谢73/VII 华北电力大学硕±学位论文ListofTablesTable5.1GroupstatisticofthepretestofClass(l)andClass(2)Grade128-TabesInee打dentSamleTtestof化e化ere1l;estssandss.2dpppofCla(lCla)口)Grade128Table5.3Groupstatisticof1:heimmediate1;estofClass(landClass2Gradel?...29^)()T5-able.4IndependentSampleTtestoftheimmediatetestofClasslandClass2()()Grade129Table5.5Groupstatisticof化edelaedt;estofClasslandClassGrade129y()口)-Tables.6IndependentSampleTtestof化edelayed化stofClasslandClass2()()Grade129*Table5.7GroupStatisticoftheieandimmediate1:estofClasslGrade130p()Tab-le5.8PairedSampleTtestofthepreandimmediatetestofClasslGradel....30()Table5.9Groupstatisticof也ereanddelaedtestofClasslGradel31py()Tab-le5.10PairedSampleTtestofthereanddelaedtestofClasslGradel31py()Table5.11Groupstatisticoft;hepreandimmediatetestofClass(2)Gradel31T5-able.12leTtestoftttt2..31PairedSamphereandimmediaeesofClassGradelp()Table5.13GroupStatisticofthepreanddelayedtestofClass(2)Grade131-Table5.14leTtestoftttC21.…PairedSamphereanddelaedesoflassGrade?32py()Tab5.5routatisticsoftiePremmedateanddeaedt;estofasslandle1GpSl,iilyCl()Class2Grade232()5-teTable.16I打dee打de打tSamle了stofthePreimmediateanddelaedtestofpp,yCassandlassGradellC2233()()Table5.17Groupstatisticofthereandimmediate1;estofClasslGmde234p()-i化dSam化andimmediateTable5.18PapleT化stof化et;estofClasslGrade2..34p()Table5.19GroupStatisticofthepreanddelayedtestofClass(l)Grade234Table5.20PairedSampleT4estof化ereanddelaedkstofClasslGrade2.....34py()Table5.21GroupstatisticofthepreandimmediatetestofClass(2)Grade235**Table4t.5.22PairedSampleTesof化eieandimmediatet;estofClass2Giade2.35p()Table5.23GroupStatisticofthepreanddelayedtestofClass(2)Grade235T5-able.24leTtestofdClG235PairedSampdiereandelaed化stofass2radepy()Table5.25GrouStatisticsofthePreimmedtttliaeanddelaedesofClassandp,y()Class2Grade336()T-able5.26IndeendentSamTttthPitttleesoferemmediaeanddelaedesofpp,yl26ClassandClassG妃de33()()VIII 华北电力大学硕±学位论文Table5.27Groustatisticofthereandimmediate化stofClasslGrade337pp()-mmedTable5.28PairedSampleTtestof化ereandiiatetestofClasslGrade3..37p()ttTable5.29GrouSaisticoftiie化anddelaed化stofClasslGrade337ppy()Table5dT-ld.30PaireSamletestofthereanddeaetestofClasslGrade3..37ppy()...Table5.31GroustatisticofthereandimmediatetestofClass2Grade338pp()T5-able.32PairedSamleT1tt1tp:esof化ereandimmediae;esofClass2Grade3..38p()Table5.33GroupStatisticofthepreanddelayedtestofClass(2)GradeS38T-.4PaSamTtesttanddettG.38able53iredpleofherelaed;esofClassrade3....py口)Table5.35GrouStatisttlicsofhePreimmediateanddeaedtestofClalandp,yss()lass2rade439CG()Table536Inee打dentSameT-testoimme出tltt.dplf化ePreaeanddeaedesofp,yClasslandClass2Grade439()()Table5.37GroupstatisticofthepreandimmediatetestofClass(l)Grade440T5-able.38PairedSamTtttdimmedt化stCll..4ple;esofhereaniaeofass(Grade40p)T*化able5.39GroupStatisticof1:heieanddelaedstofClasslGrade440py()-l.idl把fhlTabe540PareSameTstoterea打ddeaed1;estofClasslGrade4....41ppy.()Table51roust;atstcoftereandmmedatet:estofCla241.4GpiihpiissGrade4()-Table5.42PairedSamleTtestofttt2..41p比ereandimmediaeesofClassGrade4p()Table5.43GrouStatisticofthereanddelaedtestofClass2Grade441ppy()TabT-le5.44FairedSampletestof化epreanddelayedt:estofClass2Grade4?.…41()Table5.45GrouStatisticsofthePreimmediateanddelaedtestofClasslandp,y()Class2Grades42()T-able5.46IndeendentSamleTtestofthePreimmediateanddelaedtestofpp,yClassl)andClass2GradeS42(()Table5.47GroupstatisticofthepreandimmediatetestofClass(l)GradeS43*T-able5.48PairedSampleTtestof化eieandimmediate化stofClasslGrade5..43p()Table5.49GroupStatisticofthepreanddelayedtestofClass(l)Grade544Table550Pa-iredSamleTtestof化ereaelaedttofCllGde544.ppnddyesass)ra(Table5.51Groupstatisticoft:hepreandimmediate1;estofClass口)GradeS44’Tab-fle5.52PahedSampleTtesto化epreandimmediatet;estofClass2Grade5‘.44()Tab5.53tttltt2leGroupSaisticofhereanddeaedesofClassGrade545py()T5-able.54PairedSamleTtestoftdttClhereandelaedesofass2Grade545ppy()/IX ListafAbbreviationsNNim^^MMe^SDStandardDeviatiou餓Fo曲sFoeusonFormsFobFFocusonFormPEPP’eoplesEducationPre紙X 华北电力大学硕±学位论文ChapterOneIntroduction11ResearchBackround.gEverysUidyownsaresearchbackground,a打dthebackgroundofthisstudyttttammarteachn打arscsaecutincludeshepresensiuaionofrigirimhoolnd化打engpyituatftt.sionorammarKsearchesaherimarlevelgpy1.1.1CurrentSituationofGrammarTeachinginPrimarySchoolsE打shisnodoubtthemostwidelandcommonlusedlanuaei打theworld.gliyyggThewidespreadofE打glishstimulatedEnglishteachingandleami打gi打China.I打the"earof2001aolicentitledTheMinistrofEducatio打Guideli打esforViorously,pyygy,,Promoti打gtheTeachin呂ofEnglishi打PrimarySchoolswasissued,whichsetanewstandardoflearningE打glishfromthethirdgradeofrimarschoolrather化anthepy行rstearofuniorhighschoolforstudentsofChinaHu2008.Andi打someyj(,)developedareasofChina,suchasBeiji打gandShanghai,studentseve打starttoleamEnlishfromthe打rstradeofrimarschool.Sincetheimlementtggio打ofheolicpyppy,English,likeChineseandMath,becameacompulsoryprimaryschoolcourseinmostareasofChina.HoweverasarelativenewloenedcourseE打lish1;eachinin,yp,g呂primaryschoolsisfarfrommature.Manyproblemsexistinrimarschoolsinthepy'fieldofEnlishCachin.ForexamleiimkedavailabilitofualifiedEnlishggp,yqg,,"化achers巧huetal.,2003;Dong,2003;Gao,2007;Du,2010),lackofappropriateC,EnlishachinmaterialsShuetal.2003Du2010Zhao&Son2012andgX,;,,,g;g)"f,’化lackofeectiveEnlishteachinme也odsFa打2007e化?Amo打oseroblemsgg(,)gp,thedoubtofteachingEnglishrammarornotinprimaryschoolsbecamethemostgconcernedone.Actually,grammarhasalwaysbeenamostcontroversialissueinthefbreinlanuaeleami打andteachinfield.Withthedoubtaweirdhenomenaofggggg,ppurposelyweakeningandeve打avoidingbachingEnglishgrammaremergedandbecamenormalinprimaryschools(Peng,2010,Wang,2010).*Whatisthecauseofsuchstrangehe打ome打0打?TheBasicRemiementsforpqPrimarySchoolEnglishthatdesig打edandissuedatthesameyearof2001maybet:heanswer化1hti.Aitth目i民tthiimsof;euesonccordnoeasceukemensemanaqgq,teachingEnglishinrimarschoolinclude:pyT,1odeveloppuilsirUerests,selfCO打fide打ceandositiveatti{udetowards()pp1 华北电力大学硕±学位论文learninEngUshg;,(2)Tocultivate化epupilslanguagesenseandenablegoodpronunciationandintonation;,(3)TodevelopthepupilspreliminaryabilitytouseEnglishindailyexchangesandlaaoodbasisforfurtherEnlishsl;ud.yggyFromtherequireme打tslistedabovewecanseethattheE打glishteachingwhich-under1trrat:henewpolicyisying化tnsferfromthep化viousexaminatio打orienedcassn-liwhichgrammarwastheCachingfocusto化einterestorierUedclass.Forsuchreaso打,manyprimaryschoolEnglishteachersmisunderstoodtherequirementsandmistakenlychoset:oignore化e化achi打gofgrammartostudentsbutchosetoputmoreemphasiso打theCachingofwordsa打dsente打cesthroughamesandchants.Undergsuchcircumstances,grammarbachingisgreatlyweakenedeve打avoidedinprimaryschools.tosuchhe打omencmPe打2010aruedthenecessitofteachinp,g()gyg,Englishrammari打rimarschoolbuotiniuDaoYisoinionwhoholds化egpyyqgLppointsofviewthatEnglishteachingwillcertainlycomeacrosswithdifficultywithout把achinggrammar.Besides,Wang(2011)poi打tedoutthatE打glish1;eachersofprimaryschoolsshouldcorrectlirecognizetheroleofgrammar化achingintheprimaryyEnglishteachi打g.Asaresult,grammarteachingi打primaryschoolsshouldnotbe,omittedoravoided.Viceversarammarteachi打isverhelfultostude打tsEnlish,ggypgleani打.Andtheresentconcernoframmar1;eachi打garoosnotgpginprimyschli^";;whe也errammarshouldbetauhtinrimarschoolsanmorebutinwhatwaggpyyy,,should化erammarbetauhttorimarschoolstudentsWan,2011.ggpy(g)1J*2CurrentSitua村onofGrammarResearchesatthePiimaryLevel(‘Si打cetheope打i打gofE打glishcourseinprimaryschools,researchesonEnglish"*teachinginrimaryschoolshavealwaysbeendoingand化eiesearchconte打tsarepvariedfromhowtobachvocabularlist:eninandseakintohowtouseamesiny,gpgg化ebachingofE打glishtoprimarschoolstudents.Neverthelessamonthosey,gresearchesthathavebeendo打e,mostare化eoreticalo打esra化er化anexperimental,Wh.0打es.atsmoreonlafewstudiesareabouttheteachinofEnlishrammaiin,y呂gg-rimarschoo.AstotsontwecanfindoofLZhonLiXilhipiriniuzhenandpy,pgg,2Q\Qs皆邻&1[ReviewandProspectofEnglishGrammarTeachingSfudiesChina()Over从cZ幻W72蛇ary,whichublishedi打theournalofForeinLanuaeandpjgggLkerature.Intheiraerthecollected16aersaboutrammarteachinthatpp,yppggublishedo打coreournalsfromtheear1996totheear2007.Throuhanalzinpjyygyg 华北电力大学硕±学位论文theaerstheyhavecollected,thefoundoutthefollowintwofacts:ygppmos-Fkstly,amongthegrammarbachingresearchesathome,tare打onempiricaloneswhicharoximatelyaccountsfor75%andtheremaininemricalonesarepp,gpimainlyaboutrammarteachinto打o打Enlishmaorcolleestudents.gggjgSecondly,化eresearcho打teachinggrammartoprimaryschoolstudentsandtheresearchonteachinggrammart;oostraduatestudentsareneleckd.pggFromt-ttthewofactsthatLiuZho打gzhengandXifoundou,icanbeinferredthatthereisalackofresearcheso打rammarteachinattherimarleveli打Chinaggpy,esecialltheemiricalones.Moreoveralmost打oemiricalstudieshaveconductedpyp,psofaroncomparingtheeffectivenessofinductiveanddeductiveapproachestoPrimarEnsrammarteachn.yglihgig1.2Sinificanceof化eResearchgAccordintotheroblemstatedaboveonesinificanceofthisstudisthatthisgp,gythesis化iestomakeupforthevacancyofthelackofempirical呂rammarresearchesattherimarlevel.AndasaruedabovetheneedofteachinEnlishrammarinpyg,gggmarschoolsisoutofuestionbutitistruethattherewillbeanimmediatepriyq,ionofborinanddulhen化化maboutrammar.Sorammarcanalwasimpressglwgg,gy,bethemainfacU)rwhichfrustratesstudentsEnglishlearninginterest.IfrimarpyschoolstudentsloseinterestsinlearninEnlishintheirinitialstaeofEnlishggggeaninitwillbeverbadforIheirfurtherEnlishlearninsinceinterestiswidellg,yggyrecognizedasacriticalmotivationalvariablethatinfluenceslearningandachievementineducationscholoDeFt.2007.Attlaveroealsaresulanohersinificanceofpygy(,),g*thisiesearchistheeffortoffindingoutaroerandanefectivewaoframmarppy呂h*ifihha忙aching.Besides1;siesearchaaemtstoureoutthearoacttcanmakethe,pgppgrammarlearningprocesslessboring,dullanddifficultbycomparingthedeductiveapproachandinductiveapproachi打theEnglishgrammarCachingprocess.Atthesametimebcomarin化etwoaroacheswhenusini;hemintheEnlish,ypgppgggrammarCachingprocess,thisresearchtriesto行ndoutt:hea打swerstodiefollowingquestions:Firstwhateffects0打earthdothetwoaroacheshaveintheteachinof,ppggrammartorimarschoolstudents?pyS^econdwhatisstudentsreactiontothetwoaroaches?,ppTiird,whichapproachist;he0打ethatstudentsacceptmoreeasily?jFourth,whataretheoodasectsandbadasectsofthetwoaroaches?gpppp3 华北电力大学硕:t:学位论文_ThroughtheseeUitigof允eanswers化化eabovequest!饼K,thisstudytegds化泌d微齡^c#caiandmeMsuestionsf?rriia^Enlishte歡hers灿{ggpgin赖hopeofhelpingth巧nimtheirteachingofEnlish如幽aartoprimarscIkk)!g狭ystudents.1JStnic化reoftb々TbesbTimmra/ts^theMlowii^skcht@rs:^Asii^ctection.ChapterOnepresentsflietesemckback^und,msearch站如舱k^^outof舱8化6^3.ChapterTworeviewsthegrammarteachinghistoiyeAhomeandabroad,teoducesthedeductiveapproachandinductiveapproachiaeliidingthekdeimitkm^miTbm,mtm^viomsticksmmiinductiveappre^har?reviewedandtheauthormadeshortcomme凸tson細淡studies.Ch^^terTteee^evkJ色stheoreticals)ortfor舶stfwsis.As泣resultthep巧p,fo'c----xmfocusedtteorywhichinludest始foe败cmfoMsihkIfoe腿o打formand妃e紙-孤eirisitionleamingtheorbrieflaiustratedinthischater.qyypChap化rFourexplainstheresearchdesignwhichdemonstrates巧伤researchhypothesis^researchobjectives,researchsubjects,researchmaterials^reseafchinsfaianentsandresearchrocedure.pChater巧veis过沒ta滿alysisanddisc脱siem.In齡sdiafter始妃of爵^p,o岛etorade狂w脚沿1过zedo敞bon色化e;St端碰魄dso載wa防gyy声,SPSS.Aftertheamlysis曲e巧筑ihs债城et食o笛僅巧燃巧巧巧disc縱旅d,复fromthefolk)w&igteeeaspects:(1)whichis齡iroreefectiveapproachbetweentheinductiveaachandthedeductivearoach2aretheositivemdj^^pp()pneativeeffectsoftheinductiveanddeductivearoachesintheteachinofEnlishg^^gggrammartoprimaryschoolstudents(3)whichapproachhasthelongerretentionoftherammarknowledebetweenthedeductivearoachandtiieinductivearoach.ggppppChapterSixistheconclusionchapterwhichsummarizesthemaorfindinsutsjg,pforwardimlicationsfortheCachinofEnlishrammarstatesthelimitationsofthispggg,researchandrovidessuestionsforfurtherresearches.pgg4 华北电力大学硕±学位论文Cha1:erTwoLiteratureReviewpI打thisChapter,theauthorwillprovi过eanoverviewofthegrammarteachi打gatfirst.Thenthedeductivearoachandinductivearoachwillbeintroduced,pppp,trsthearstwe打thtwoandthtincludinheidefinitioncomio打beeeeirconrovers.g,pyAfterwardsthesomereviousstudies0打deductivearoachandinductivearoach,pppppwillberesented.p2.1GrammarTeachingOverviewTheoverviewofgrammarteachingw。!helpustofigureoutthedevelopmentof^grammarbachingin化eEnglishbachinghistory.Iirstly化edefinitionsoframmar,gwillberesented.p2.1.1DefinitionsofGrammartGrammarisanunavoidableparinlanguagelearningandbaching.WhatisHMante*grammar?owdopeopledefineit?ypeoplemayhaveanimmediaimpiessionof.ttuallt!formsrulesorusaeswhenbeinaskedsoBuaciishard:〇iverammar,ggy,ggaecificdefinitionwithareasonthatitownsdifferentmeani打sviewedfromspgwhendifferentperspectives.Herearesomedefinitionsoframmarive打bdiferentscholars;ggyHarmer1987kees化eviewointt;hatGrammaris化ewainwhichwords()ppychan呂ethemselvesandrouptogethertomakese打te打ces.Therammarofalanuaeggggiswhathaenstowordswhenthebecomeluralorneativeorwhatorderisusedppypg,whenwemakeuestitwoclauses1t.io打soroi打:omakeonesenenceqjUr1988holds1:heopinionthatrammarmayberoughlde巧打edasthewa()gyythatIan呂uagema打ipulatesandcombineswordsorbitsofwordsinordertoform()longerunitsofmeaning.民ichards,PlattandWeber(2003)assertthatGrammarisadescriptionofthestructureofalanguageandt;hewayi打whichunitssuchaswordsandphrasesarecombined化roducesentencesi打thelanguae.pg’Theabovearedifferentdefinitionsoframmarindifferentscholarsees.I打fact,gyindiferentdictionariesthedefmito打soframmararealsomoreoresserent.ildif,gAccordingtoLongmanConciseEnglishDictionary,grammarcarriesthejfollowi打meanins:1thestudoftheclassesofwordstheirinfectionsandtheirggy,(),5 华北电力大学硕±学位论文^打Snesenenceecrac化mflmctio打Sandielatioitht2thha1:eristicssofinfectio打Sand;()ysyntaxofalanguage;口)出eprinciplesorrulesofanart,science,or化chnique.AndintheConc-setiseOxfordEnlishChineDictionarhede行打itionofgy,"’grammaristhestudyofrulesofala打uaesinflectio打sorothermea打sofshowinggg,,therelationbetweenwordsincludinitsho打eticsstem.I打theNew了ime,gpy((--E打lishEnlishEnlishChi打eseDictionarthede打打itio打oframmaristhesciencegggy,g化attreatsoftherincilesthatovernthewordsofalanguageintheirrelationtoppg,,,,M-AdvLeachother.WhileinerriamWebstersancedeamersEnlishDictionargy,"grammarisdefinedas化esetofrules化atexplainhowwordsareusedina,,language.Therearestillmanyotherdefinitionsofgrammar,butallinall,grammarisaset-ofrulesforformt.ALF2001a4inwordsandmakinsenencessarse打reeman.3gg(,P)"writes,...minimally[grammarseeks]toexplai打thesamephe打ome打a:howwordsare^打,,formed(morphology)a打dhowwordsarecombied(syntax).2.1.2DevelopmentofGrammarTeaching乂broadAstogrammarCaching,Ellis(2006)oncede巧打editasfollows:^’Grammarteachinginvolvesanyinstructionalt:echniquethatdrawslearnersatentiontosomespecificrammaticalformi打suchawa化atithels也emeithertogypimdersta打ditmetalinguisticallyand/orrocessiti打comrehensionand/orroductionppp’,so化atthecaninternalizeit.y<&3,Si打cetheargume打taboutshouldrammarbetauhtor打ot?has打everstoedggppttttinwe巧rammarCachinswinsi打andouoffavoradifere打imes.rief,gggThebhistorintroducedbelowcaniveusaclearoverviewoframmarteachinabroad.ygggTraditionally,grammarisseenasthepresentationandpracticeofdiscrete"gmmaticalstructures.Howeverrammarwasfirsttauhtinthesocalledrammarra,ggg,,schoolwhichtauhtLatinrammar!;〇future艮Omancitizensora化rsandlatergg,Cathocrests.Itwasneverthelishrammarthatweknow1;o.Int;he1thlipiEnggday8centurrescritiverammarteachinwasdeveloedtotrtoanalzeEnlishy,ppggpyygGrammar.HoweverrammarCachinmschoolat也attimewasstillmai打labout,ggyLatnrs.inandavoidmakigerroinEnglishI打the19thce打tury,a打importa打tresearchsubjectcalledhis1;oricallinguisticswasdevelopedinuniversitieswithheavyemhasisonhowlanuaesarerelatedbutwithpgglittleimpacto打schoolrammarbachin.gg!Whe打itcametotheearl20thcentur化6化wasasteaddeclineinrammaryy,yg6 华北电力大学硕±学位论文化achingandanincreasincallsfbritsabandonme打tforthecomletelackofgpunvers-iteveKsearch0打Enlishrammariyllgg.Fromabout1960,grammarwere,agai打,graduallypaidatentionto.ButtheKweretwocometine打dsthenonewasthatmostschoolsl;otal1:oedthepg吐,lysppEnlishrammar化achi打,theotherwasthatEnlishrammarbecameanimortantgggggpresearchsubjectwhichwaspartlydrivenby1;heoverseasublishi打marketinEnlishpggasaforeignlanguageandartlyby化eintellectualimpetusofthetheoreticallinuists.pgB化-thee打dofthe20ce打turfromabout1990theantirammartre打dsinyy(),gschoolreversedthroughaseriousofmajorreports0打theperceivedshortcomi打gsofEnglishteaching.Somelanguageteachersbelievedthatchildrencouldacquiretheirfirstlanuaewkhoutrammarinstruction.Asaresultthet;endednottoteacggg,yhchildrengrammaratschoolatallfortheyassumedthatchildrencouldabsorbrammarrulesaslongastheyread,heard,anduseditincommunication.Grammargteachingwasthouhttobeoutdatedandtraditional.gN?evertheless,suchwayofleami打gmayresultin化己lackofunderstandingofwhatrammarwasandhowitworkedintheuat.Tlaneheknewhusrammargggy,g占iteachingcouldnotbereededfromtheclassroomwithareasonthatoucannotusejy^wordsunessoushou.lknowhowtheldbeuttoetherUr1988yypgX,)Now,thelangua呂eusersagreethatgrammaris1:00goodtobeabando打ed,aswithoutaoodcommandoframmarlanuaedevelotwilt.TmenlbeCO打srainedheg,gggpde!mteontheissueof化achinrammarornothasshiftedtohowshouldrammarbeggg?taught?ShoulditbetaughtinductivelyorinductivelyAndwhichgrammarshouldbetaught?2.1.3DevelopmentofGrammarTeachingAtHomeThehist:oryofE打glishkachi打gismuchshorterinChina化anin1;hewest.ItwasduringthelateQingDy打astythatEnglishwasintroducedtoChinaanditwassinceChi打areopenedtotheworldinthelate1970s化atE打glishlanguageeducatio打has,beeni打creasinglygive打emphasisforitscriticalroleinChinasmodernizationand,duanersaccetoewsocioeconomicoortu打tWan2008.indivillearss打ppiies(g&Xue,)Englishteachingi打Chinaisinfactahistoryofimitati打gandabsorbingthefbreig打Englisht;eachi打gexperiences.Before1950s,t;hemain1;eachingmethodofCachinsGr-tnsgrammargwaammarralationMethodandgrammarteachingalmosteualstoE打lish^achi打.In化e1960sto1970srammarbachinwasstillt:hecoqgg,ggreofEn-lishCachin苗打化emainbachinme化odwasstill化eGrammasato打ggdgrlranli7 华北电力大学硕±学位论文,Method,butattentio打begantobepaid化studentsabilityofusi打thelanuageandggirelativeKsteni打gandspeakingracticesbegantobeusedi打E打glishCaching.Asapresultthetimebetween1960s1:01970swasatransfertimewhicheolebeanto,ppghavesomenewideaso打thet;eachi打gofEnglish.From1980s化theearlyyearsof21stcenturythecommunicativemethodwasintroduced!;〇Chinaa打dbecameoular,ppinEnglishbaching.ThecommunicativemethodputemphasisoncommunicatingaWlitinsteadoframmarasaresultrammart;eachinbeanobenelecandyg,,ggtg化dgnaba打donedn-eveinEnglish化achig.Buti打recentdayseole化realizedl;he,ppimportanceofgrammarteachi打gi打English化aching.2.2IntroductionofDeductiveApproachandInductiveApproachWidodo2006ointedoutthatt;heinductivearoacha打dthedeductive()pppa*pproacharetwocoieapproachesi打呂rammarrese打化tion.I打thisartthedeductivepp,approachandinductiveapproachwillbei打化oduced,includingthedefinitionsofdeductionandinductionthecomarisonofdeductivearoachandtheinductive,pppapproachand化econiToversyofdeductiveapproachand化ei打ductiveapproach.2.2.1DefinitionsofDeductionandInductionToetaclearerunderstandinofdeductivearoachandinductivearoachthe呂gpppp,defi扛itionsofdeductionandi打ductiongivenbydifferentscholarswillbeillustratedatfirst.^Accordingto艮ichards(1992),inductiveapproachisanapproachi打whichgrammaticalstructuresorothertypesofrulesarenottauhttolearnersdirectlybutg,,arelefttodiscoverorinducethrouh化eirexerie打ceofusnteanuagpighlgge.^Richardsalsodefinesdeductiveapproachasanapproachtolanguageteachi打ginwhichrulesaretaughtandspecificinformationis呂ivenaboutalanguage.Learners’’^enat.pply1:heseriileswhentheyuse:helanguage"Brown(1994)sharedhisideasabouti打ductivereasoningasonest:oresanumberofsecificinstancesandlpinducesae打erallaworrueorconclusionthatovernsorgg,,'(subsumesthespecificinstances.Asfbrdeductivereasoningheheldthatdeductivereasoningisamovementfromagenerali之ation化specificmsta打ces:specific,,subsumedfactsarel.inferredordeducedfromaenerarincilegppFelder(1995)proposedthatinductionwasareasoningprogressionwhich*roceededfromarticularobservationsmeasuiementsanddata!;〇eneralitiespp,,)g(8 华北电力大学硕±学位论文''ruleslawsandtheories.DavidNunan(2001,ointedoutthatdeductivelearnin(,,))pg,’isaprocessofaddingtoourknowledebworkingfromprinciles1:0examles.gyppThombury(1999)alsoholdstheideathatadeductiveapproachstartswitharulehihresentationandisfollowedbexamlesinwchteruleisalied.Whileinductivepypppapproachstartswithsomeexamlesfromwhicharuleisinferred.pAllinall,asintroducedinthebookPracticalEnglishLanguageTeaching:Gram化幻ri打aninductivearoachthet:eacherresentssamlesoflanuaeandthe,pp,ppgg,studentshavetocome!:〇anintuitiveunderstandi打oftherulewhileinadeductiveg,approach,theteacherprese打tsthegrammarrulea打dthe打givestude打tsexercisesinwhichtheyapplythemle.2.2.2ComparisonofDeductiveandInductiveApproachesAstwobasicaroachesto化achinrammarthedistinctionof也eutveppgg,dedciapproachandtheinductiveapproachcanbe円guredoutbycomparing也eiradvantaesanddisadvantaesinrammarbachin?了hombur2000madeaggggy()detailedsummaryofadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdeductiveandinductiveapproachesinhisbook//owfoTeacAGra/wwcK*AccordintoThombur2000化eadvantaesofdeductivearoachaie:1itgy(),gpp()-etsstratttttt.Mgighohepoinandcanhereforebeimesavinganyrulescanbemorequicklyexplained1;hanelicited,therebyallowin呂moretimefbrpracticeandacaton2tresectstherUeenceandmatutofmanstuentsandpplii;()ipilligriyydacknowledestheroleofco打itiverocessesi打languaeacuisitio打3itconfirmsggpgq;(),manstudentsexectatio打saboutclassroomlearninarticularlforthosewitha打ypg,pyanalyticallearningstle4itallowsforteacherstodealwithlanuaeointsasthey;()ggpycomeuratherl:hanhavinIx)anticiatethemandrearefortheminadvance.p,gpppWhiletheadvantaesofinductivearoachare:1ruleslearnersdiscoverforgpp()themselvesaremorehkelytofittheirexisti打mentalstructuresmakinthemmoreg,gmeaninfulmemorableandserviceable2thementaleffortinvolvede打suresreaterg,;()gconitivedethaai打ensurinreatermemorabilit3tudentsaremoreactivelgp,gggy;()synvolvedinthelearninrocessa打daret:herefo化1化eltobemoreattentveandigpyi-motivated4itfavorsattemreco打itionandroblen>solvinandistherefore;()pgp呂articularlsuked1:olearnerswholikethiskindofchallene5iftheroblempyg;()psovniscollaboratveli打化etaretlanuaelearnersetextraanuaeractceligiyggg,glggpi;6-inthinsoutforthemselrearessUtlfliworkvesidensforreatersereanceand()ggppgautonomy.9 华北电力大学硕女学位论文Andthedisadvantaesofdeductivearoachare:1startin化elesso打Swithagpp()grammarexlanationmaybefrustratinforsomestudentseseciallounerones.gpg,pyygTheymaynothavesuficientmetalanguageormaynotbeabletounderstandtheonce-cptsinvolved2rammarexlanationencouraesateacherfrontedclassroom;()gpg;3exlanationisseldomasmemorableasotherformsofiresentationsuchas()pp,demonstration4suchanaroachencouraesthebeliefthatlearninlaneis;()ppggaguagsimlyinacaseofknowintherules.pgWhilethedisadvantagesofinductiveapproachesare:(1)timeande打ergyspentworkingoutrulesmaymisleadstudentsintobdievinthatrulesare化eobectiveofgj打uaelearnin2thetimesenti打workinoutarulemabeattheexenseoflaggg;()pgyptimesentutti打theruleintoroductiveractice3studentsmahothesizetheppgpp;()yypwronruleortheirversionoftherulemabeeither!:〇〇broador1:00打arrow4itg,y;()canplaceheavydema打dso打teachersi打planni打galesson;(5)howevercarefullyoranizedthedataismanlanuaeareasresisteasruleformation6aninductiveg,ygyg;()approachfrustratesstudents,who,becauseofpeirsonalleami打gstyleorpastlearningexperiencewouldrefersimltobetoldtherule.,ppy,BesidesThombiirys2000summary0打化eadvantagesanddisadvantagesof()deductiveapproachandi打ductiveapproach,Widodo(2006)alsomadeasummary.Accordi打gtohissummary,theadvantagesofdeductiveapproachare:(1)thedeductiveapproachgoesstraightforwardly化thepointandcan,therefore,be-vtimesaing2anumberofruleasectsforexampleformcanbemoresimland;()p(,)pyclearlyexplained3anumberofdirectractice/alicatio打examlesare;()ppppinmiediatelive打4化edeductivearoachs山ts化eintellienceandmaturitofyg;()ppgy瓜anyadultlearnersinarticularandacknowledestheroleofconitiverocessesinpggp,languageacquisition;(5)itconfirmsmanylearnersexpectatio打saboutclassroomtatewhoavenanatcatlear打ingariculrlfbrhoshalilsle.pyyyA打dtheadvantaesoftheinductivearoachare:1earnersareai打edtobegppltr()familiarwiththerulediscoverthiscouldenhancelearninautonomandy;gy’^,,-nselfreliancelearners化aterdereeofCOitivedeisexloite也e;2g呂p化pd;3()g()arnearemoreactiven化eeami打rocessratherthansmassivelersilgp,beingiplyp'reciie打ts.I打thisactivitthewillbemotivated4thearoachinvolveslearnerspy,y;(pp)-apatternrecognitionandproblemsolvingabilitiesinwhichparticularlearnersre*-iiiteiesl:edinthischalene5iftheroblemsolvinactivitisdonecollarativellgbo;()pgyy,learnersetanoortunttt.iforexralanuaeracicegppyggp"Whilethedisadvantagesofdeductiveapproachare:1beinni打thelessor/with()gg10 华北电力大学硕±学位论文rammarresena-attionmaybeoffuttinforsomelearners,eseciallyounerones;gppgpyg(2)youngerlearnersmaynotabletounderstandtheconceptsorencountergrammarerm-tinologygiven;(3)grammarexplanationencouragesa1;eacherfronted,-transmissionstyleclassroom,soitwillhinderlearnerinvolveme打tandinteractiont4bimmediaelytheexlanationisseldomasmemorableaso化erfrmsof;()ppre化ntation抗rexample,demonstration).(Andthedisadvantagesofinductiveapproachare:1thearoachistimeand()pp-enerconsuminasitleadslearnerstohavethearoriateconcetoftherule2gyg,pppp;()theconceptsgive打implicitlymayleadthelearnerstohavethewrongCO打ceptsoftheruletauht3thearoachcanlaceemhasis0打teachersinlanni打alesson;4g;()pppppg()t化!desnataormaterastautcaressomatcaiencouragesacher;〇igdilghfullyandyilly;5thearoachmafrustratethelearnerswiththeirersonalstleortheirastppypy,p()nnexerienceorbothwouldrefersimltobetoldtherules.learigp()pypAccordingtotheabovetwosummariesmadebytwodifferentscholarsaboutadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdeductiveandinductiveapproachestoteachingrammarthemaindistinctionbetweenthedeductivearoachandtheinductiveg,pparoachcanbeeneralizedasfollows:thedeductiveaproachismoreexlicitandppgpptime^avingbutmorepassiveandboring,whiletheinductiveapproachismoremeantterttt-tinfulmemorableaciveandinesinbumoreimeakin.g,,gg2.2.3TheCon化oversyofDeductiveandInductiveAroachesppThear呂umentofusingdeductio打orinductio打intheteachingof呂rammaticalstructuresisoneofthemosti打teKstingcontroversiesinthebachingofsecondiihihllhi打liklanuae.Itisiterestinbecausetsreevanttoteacandbecauseeggnggyg,*mostotherasectsofsecondlanuaet;eachinithasbeensubectmoietofashionpggg,jthantoloicmore1;ofadsthantofacts.g,-Thetraditionalrammartranslatio打methodhashadthedominantosgitioninpsecondlanguage1;eachi打gforcenturieswhichisamethodt;hatto1;allyrely0打deductionwhenCachintherammaticalstructures化atisontheleami打ofmlesgg,,g,化fbllowedbstudentsalicationinwriUenexercises.While1;hediKCtmeodandypp-theaudiovisualmethodarethemethodsthathavetotalrelianceoninductionwhich-t.ttdiolit:otallyavoidofthe打aivelanguageUnder化edirectmehodor:heaungualmethodthestudentsacuiresubconsciouscontroloverrammaticalstructures,qgwithoutconsciousanalysiswhichissimilartothewaythatachildleamshisorherfirstt.languageonlybsheerexos\ireo化己lanuaeypggII 华北电力大学硕±学位论文TheGrammar--translationMethodandthedirectmethodoraudiolinualmethodgaretwoextremeostionswi化everintrouhdeduco打orevernupiy化ghgtiythigthroghtinductio打.I打theearsofhedeductio打andi打ductio打CO打troverso打ela打uaeyy,ggteachingleader民ivers(1972)o打cepointedout化atcognitionisi打VOIvedi打agreatnumberofactivities,i打eludingeve打imitation.Shealsonotedthatthedistinctionbetweensubconsciousrulesandlinuistichabitsismoreterminoloicalthanrealagg,*view化athasalsobeenexpiessedbyCarroll(1971.)Butfollowingwhateverthefashio打maybeignoresoneimportantfact:thatcernturesaremosamenabetoadeductvearoace—mantaistructlipphwhile0化rsyothers-canbelearnedverwellbaninductivearoachyypp.AsaKsultint;he,*controversofthedeductiona打dinductiontheieisamiddlerou打dwhichdoes打oty,gholdanextremeopi打io打o打dcductio打ori打duction.23PreviousStudiesonDeductiveandInductive乂pproachesTheoppositio打ofInductiveApproachandDeductiveApproachhasalreadybeenaCO打troversassueamonlinuistsruetalo打tme.Andlotsoresearceiliggfbqi呂ifhshavebeendoneo打thetaroaches.TheeartttiveAwoppliessudyo打I打ducpproachteaching化GrammarTeachi打gcouldbefoundsofarwasdo打ebyWin化ropH.民ice1945whoavereadersadetaileddescritionofInductiveAroachtorammar()gpppgteachnincludin化eintroductio打ofInductiveAroachalicatio打oInductiveiggpp,ppfAroachtorammarCachinandsoon.Howeverhisstudtheoreticawasaloneinppgg,ywhichnot:eachi打gexperimentwasdo打eo打examiningt:heefectivenessofInductiveApproachtorammarCachin.ggSeliger(l975)conductedastudyin1975.Thepurposeofthestudywastottteweenteffectswstiinvesigaeifherredifferhenuingdeducveapproachandnductroac--iiveapphinronoimmodifiersorder.Theresearchsubectsweresixtyfivepj*adultstudentswhoweredividedinto化ieerousincludinonecontrolrouandgp,ggp’twoexerimentalroups.Amongthel;hreegroupsthecorUrolrouid打treceivepg,gpdanrammari打struction.Andbetweenthetwoexerimen化1rousonewastauhtygpgp,gwitttdtheothe化utwttt.hhededuciveapproachanrwasghihheinduciveapproachThereweretwolessonsandtwot;est:saltoetherintheexeriment.Andt;hetwo;estsgptwereanimmediatet:estandadelaed化Stresectivel.Theresultsoftheimmediateypy1tstatnocantdret:etweentwoeets:的howhsignifiiffenceexisdbe化exprimenalclasesbut化econtrolclasswasworsethan化etwoexperimentalclass.While化edelayed化stdoneaboutthreeweekslaterrevealedthatt;heclasstaughtwitht;heinductiveP 华北电力大学硕±学位论文aroachwasbeterthan化ele行twogroupswhichmeans化attheknowledgepp,*rneamersmnde打ducvearoaciemainedlongeiliwi比thitipph.,StephenD.Krashe打1975wroteashort泣perasarcspo打setoHammerlys()p"twoimportantcomments0打l:hedeductive/mductiveissueinseco打dandforeign""titlanguageacquisitionobrieflydescrbesomeveryKcenresearchthataddsstillotherdmensionstoeeductive/inductiveissuedimensions1;hatwillhoefullithd,py,,assistusinmaki打gsomerealprogressi打setli打gthisCO打troversy.AlthoughKrasherTsaermainlfocusedon也econtroversbetweeninductiveanddeductiveppyyapproachestogrammarteaching,thestatementmadeinthelastparagraphwhichsaid",,emiricals1atusmakesomeroressmtp;udiesmyevenuallyhelppgipliedhe^liabilitya打dimportanceofempiricalstudiest-Abrahaml985didanempiricalsudyto1;estwhetherthe円eldindependent()E打arnersas-forelanuaesadulscouldbe打e巧tmore扛omtheruleorientedglishleig打ggtapproach.Intheexperiment,thereweretwoclasses.Oneclasswastaughtwiththetradlhttwititionadeductiveapproacandtheotherclasswasaughhtheinductiveclass.--化Twoteststherebsta打d化eost:Stwereusedintheexerimenttocomarethe,pp,pp_efectsofthetwoapproaches.Theresultshowed化atthe巧eldindependentwasless-beneficiali打化eexampleorient己dlessonbutdidbetterin化edeductivelessonandmostofthelearnerscoulddobetteri打化edeductiveone.CarolirildlHe打onandTomaselo1996madeanempcastuyonGuided()I打ductionwhoseintroductionwasmadeasthefollowing:((Theteacherbeginswith1;hecontextualizedoraldrillsothatthestudentscaniforthemsellirammaticalatternThththhnducevestheundery打gg.eeacere打focustep'stude打tsatte打tio打ontherincialfeaturesoftheatternbaski打themtocomletepppygpamodelsenkneeo打theboardwithastructureanalogoust;otheonesracticedorall.pyThiscompletionactivityactsasfeedback1:0thestudentso打theaccuracyoftheir,,linguistichypothesis.However,化estudywasabouttheuseofGuidedInductioninacquiri打gFrenchgrammarrulesbutnotinacquiri打gE打lishrammarrules.gg’如碱幻WanandLi2006didast:ud0打抓zngive幻cA祐扼幻cAg()y化’OawwarC7?m^5clearnsinwhich4benefitsofInductiveApproachwereconcluded:(1)theinductivearoachsuits1;herocessoflanuaeacuisition2pppggq;()dieinductiveapproachpromotesmotivatio打;(3)1:heinductiveapproachfocusesonform/meaningrelationship;4theinductiveapproachbenefitsbachingoung()ylearners.ThefocusofidtetCltl化ers山wasachinrammarohi打eseaduearnersbutygg,13 华北电为大学硕±学位论文"泣iadeed田po说dthat化ein加etivea防出出benefitso畑ilearners.巧ppyg虹aresearchthatwasdoaebyZhou(X^?lareteachinexampl魄wereiven口)ggged'tos1k>w孤inductiv巧巧Toai化r抑的narteachin.Thesinificanceofhisstudgggy"-liesinthefactthat化activetyinvolvesstudents虹theirEnglishgrammarteaning’’"?泌wfproceanditwi。巧formHktrad沾onal巧ofteachingEnglish成amm班by’bringingafreshperspectiveintothisfieldtodevelopandenhancestud雄tsEnglish"1if瓣泌姑畑泌蜘治校nc运畑<浊猫8‘hs晚娩wdi筑嘶堪齡w这ys站蹲f%ing俺eIs曲防齡巧A祕陶achto留:掛曲晚fwi儘脚I泌防細e树淹etargetstudents.14 华北电力大学硕±学位论文ChaterThreeTheoreticalFoundationp1Form-Focused3.Theory*enera-GllytheFormFocused化eoriefers1:otwoconcets:FocusonForm,ypFonFandFocusonFormsFonFs.ItwasLon1991whocameuwiththe()()g)ptwoconcepts.I打也ediscussionandresearchof化eseco打dlanguageteachinfieldacoreissueg,toeffectivel1eacrammar化emostEllis2006.At化inniishowy;heverbeng(,)ygg,Gramraar-Translatio打methodwastheprevalentoneingrammarbachingfield*Nevr-ethelesstheshortcomi打softherammartranslationmethodweieraduall,gggyerceivedwithtimeassi打anditwascriticizedseverelforsearati打thelanuaeppgypgggfromtheracticalcommunicatmusewitha1;〇化1focus0打thelanuaestructuresbutpggg化,,notmean打.Durine1sand1sKashenandTerrel1roosed化eigg970980,(983)ppNaturalApproachwhichrefuseanyinstructionsofgrammaticalstructureswhen化achingwithabeliefthatthesecondlanguagecanbeacquiredthroughhighlyand",,enouhexosureto1;helanuaeorcomrehensibleinutKrashe打1982gpggpp(,;Krashen&Teirell,1983).However,studiesofferedconsiderableproofwhichrovedpn-that0打lyexposigstudentstoafloodoflanguagebymeaningfocusedtasksandintroducinggrammar打aturallya打dimplicitlywithouta打yattentionresul化di打oorpsecondlanguageperformancebothinoralandwritte打roductionHisandp(ggCli航rd1982Swai打1985Skehan1996;DouhtandWilliams1998;.Undersuch,;,;,gy,)circumstanceslinuisticscholarsstartedtoseekt:heinterfacebetweenthe,g,-itrtii-focudformsfocusednsuconandmeanngseinstruction.Basedo打Schimidts,990noticintheorandSwains1985oututho化esisLo打19881991gy(,,y)^)pypg()cameupwiththeconceptofFocusonFormalo打gwithFocusonForms.Andthetwo化ri化化-eoesatroosedbhimtoeerarec过liedFormFocusedTheor.Even化ouhppygygthecallinsofFocusonFormsa打dFocuso打Formaresomuchal化etheconveg,yydifere打tmeanings.3.1.1FocusonFormsFocus0打Formsmeansthetraditionalviewoflanguageteachingwhichis-evidentinGrammarTranslationandConitiveAroachesHinkd&Fotos2002.gpp,();;AccordintoLon2000thelanuaeiggisdivdedintoisolatedunitsandtauht(),ggg15 华北电力大学硕±学位论文inasequentialmannerfromeasytodificultthroughexplicitillustrationofgrammar,,rulesandtheerrorsarecorrec1:edimmediatelyundertheinstmctio打ofFocusonForms.And化etypicalteachingstepsofsuchcl过ssesare3Ps,includingpresentationofthegrammaticalstructureracticeincontrolledexercisesandroducethe,pprammarEllisBstukerman&Loewen2002.g(,,)Th-eformsfocusedinstructio打化atLo打gdescribedisinsomeext:entthesameas化edeductivewayoframmarinstmctio打inwhich化erammarrulesareresentedggpbythet;eacherandstudentsapplytherulebydoinglargeamountsofexercisewitherrorsavoidinasmuchasoss化le.Therefbrethedeductivearoachcanfinditsgp,pptheoreticalsupport行omtheFocusonFormstheory.3.1.2FocusonFormFocusonFormsreresentsthetraditionalmethodsoframmarteachinwhilepgg,Focu打Formreco打c--soilestheFormce打teredteachi打gandthemeaningcentered化achingwhichnotonlyfocusesonmeanin呂butalsofocusesonthegrammaticalform.Lo打1991defi打edFocusonFormasfollows:g()'TocusonForm...overtlydrawsstudentsattentiontolinuisticelementsasthegy,,ariseincidentallyininlesso打swhoseoverridinfocusismeaninorcommunication.ggFromthede打nitio打itcanbeseen化atFocusonForme打couragessUidentstopayattentiontocertairammaticalstructureconscious.I打thdutinglyeincvewayoframmarteachinstudentswillalsobeuidedtonoticetherammaticalstructuregg,ggwhichsharesthesamefeaturewkhFocus0打Form.AsaresultFocus0打Form也eor,yoferstheoreticalfomidationfor也ei打ductivewayoframmarCachinaroach.ggppFromtheabovedescriionitcanbeseenattherm-ocutpt,化FoFsedheoryprovidesthisthesiswithreliabletheoreticalsuppoil.3-Theo.2AcquisitionLearningry'I打thefieldofseco打dlanguaeacuisition.S化henKrashensfivehot:hesesgqpyp--mabethemostweUknow1:heorieswhichinc山deacuisitionlearninho比esisyqgyp,1emomkorhothesist;heinutho化esistUiraorderho化essanthe;hhenalidyp,pyp,ypaffec-tivefilterhypothesis.Andamongthefivehypotheses,theacquisitionlearning'*distinctionisacoreofmodemacquisitiontheoryandisperhapsthemost,,托mdame打taloneKrashen1982.,)(Ar-ccodingtohisacquisitionlearningtheoiyacuisitionandlearninaretwo,qgK 华北电力大学硕±学位论文eendenwasichoursecondlanuaecomete打cesaredeveloindptyinwhggpped.And"Krashen1982describedacuisitionastherocesswhichissimilar化化ewa()qpy"childre打developtheir打rstlanguage.LearnersaregenerallynotCO打sciouslyawareof""-therulesof1;helanguage1;hathaveacquired.Acquisitionispickingupalanguagein打on-uatechnicallange.gTherefore,thelanguageacquisitio打isa打aturala打dsubconsciousprocesswhichtheindividualisunawareof.Andalsoheholds化eopi打ionthatbothadultsandu*childrencanacuiKalanaesubconsciousl.Asaiesultmeaninfulinteractonqggy,giandhighlyexposuretothetargetlanguageisveryimportantduringtheprocessofacuirinaseco打dlanuae?八tt11inallheacuisiionfalanuaeisasubconsciousqggg,qggrocessp.Nevertheless,化eleami打gofala打guageisaCO打scionsprocessontheotherhand',,asKrashe打1982ointedout.Accordintohisdescritionthe1;ermlearnin()pgp,greferstoconsciousk打owledeofasecondlanuaeknowinIherulesbeinawaggg,g,greofthemandbeinabletotalkaboutthem.Asares山tthelanuaeformsand打ew,g,gg,knowledgeareconsciouslyrepresentedinstudentsmindduring化eprocessof二^;',earninaanuae.Therocessoflglggp1eamingalanguagethatinvolvesformal’nstructonsmucalikeourschooeducation.A打Krasensontoftiiihldinhpiview,herocessoftttt.pacquisiio打ismoreeffeciveha打herocessoflearninpgAccordingtotheabovedescription,acquisitionandlearningcanbecomparedasfollows:(1)acquisitionisaki打dofimplicitandsubconsciousprocesswhilelearningisexplicitandCO打scions;(2)acquisitio打happe打sininformalsil;uatio打whilelearning",,haensi打formalsituation3intheacuisitio打rocessstudentsfeelt;hepp;()qp,",,rammaticalstructureswhilei打化elearninrocessstudentsusetherammatcaggp,gilstmcUire.Butallinallthemostsinificantdistinctio打betwee打acuisitio打and,gqlttasco打sctt.earningishao打eisubiousrocessbu也eoherisaconsciousrocessppTheintroductio打ofdeductiveapproachandtheinductiveapproachinChapt:erTwoshow化at化edeductivewayof化achingis,apparentlyaconsciousprocessinwhichtheteacherexplainsthegrammarrulesclearly.AndtheinductivewaofyiCachingisapartialsubconscousprocesswithareasonthat1;eachergiveexamplesfirstwithoutfilinstudentstherammarbutletstude打tseneralizetherulefromt;heggg*.2006tt呂ivenexamplesat化everybeginningWidodoalsoieiaedhedeductive()aroachandtveaoachtsat.ppi打ducipproconscioundsubco打sciousleami打gresecivelpy,HenceStehenKrashensacut-tisiionleami打hesisalsorovidestheoretical,pqghypopsupportforthisthesis.17 华龙电力大學賴生学位论文aseaiataassisasiaanBsseaiaiMiaK^aiMessailaaamsssssBSBSescvBassaasChapterFourResearchDesign妃thisch^>tertheresearchho化esisresearchobectivesresearchsubects,yp,j,j,materi施,researchinstrmnenteandtibercsearchprocedurewiUbeUlustratedonebyone.41AccordingtothecomparisonsofdeductiveandinductiveproachesandAe^*nben0vioii^studiesmentionedinChaterTwotherearetwoimUcationsca|p,pconcluded.Oneisthatthedeductivearoacherformbetterintheteachinofjqppggi鄉的n鄉to泣dultfeamers.11巧otiberon巧k纪e苗或裕曲巧巧姑s施eproc燃sof!細p^ge狐qiiisi技斌孤d挺isa巧le晚挪Urn械ew巧rtotea施y仍^Ohthebasisofthetwoimplicatiofis,thisthesispirtsforwsfdthefoilowmgthreehypothesesaecordmgfy:1TTietworoaehesdedwtivearoachmAtoductiveaproachhaveno()^p,ppp,significant逝feret拔einimprovinglowergrades(grade風ae抑dgradetwo)studentsimme出ategrammartestscore义(2)InductiveapproachismoreacceptableandstudentsetmoreinvolvedwhengtemiingraixHn^withaninductiveafoachinhmetrades.gppg3Teachinrammarwi化thedeductiveFoacb紀hife倦rradesadethree()gg哗pgg(餅化gradefive)stude泣tsisclear錠诞fed随朗巧ef伪治ve.把就sc饼eswinbehigherim<krthededuc^eteadikg.Asaofhigherradeswillbeii^flttmmfron^d&^xtkv%Bs&mhftantbegpparoachintheirlearninoframme.ppgg4.2ObectivesjAsmentionedinChaptoone,grammarteachingandlearningisquietnecessary"nrmarschoosbuttworoblemsexistinheteachnofEnlsh.eisiiltiiOnhowtopy,pgg巧roperly化achgrammar化primaryschoolstude打tsandtheotherisalackofpgrammar化achi打g^searchesattherimarlevel,eseciallytheemiricalones.As过pypp"巧suit化isstudtendstofindoutsomesolutions化theuestionofhowtoteach,yq"grammarproperly化primaryschoolstudentsandaddempiricalreferencefortherammarteachinattherimarlevel.ggpy"According化Nunan口013),intheteachingofgrammar,therearetwobasic18 华北电力大学硕±学位论文,,wastointroduceanewrammaritemdeductivelandinductivelP.15.Generallyg,yy()yspeakingthearoachthatmostChi打ese1:eachersuseinthebachinoframmaris,ppgg*thedeductiveapproach.Throughthedeductiveapproach,teacherspiesenttherammarruletostudentsfirsttheteachers化e打ivesomeexamlesonboardtoletg,gpthestudentsapplytherulebydoingexercisesmechanically.Suchkindofapproachis--clearandtimesav.evertschns1:eacercenteretnotingHowhikindof化aiihdbu,g*-tstude打tceneied.Undersuchkindofteachinstudentsbecomeassivereceiversg,pratherthanactivelearnerswhichwilleasilylead1:0abori打ga打ddullclassasthestudentsareassivelreceivininsteadofactivellearninintheirrammarlearninpygygggrocess.Asaresulttheassivereceivinmodeloframmarlearninandteachinp,pggggmaeadtoaornanddullimression0打rammarMoreoverstudentsalwasfeeylbigpg.l,yEnlddtfothttthtldtithegishrammarificirereaso打haeareoomemorzerammargyg*rulesbutnotcomiehendthem.Whiletheinductivearoachto化achinrammarisp,ppggabachin.hhiihden1:otalloosi化waofTrouthenductvearoacstuts打eedtoyppyggpp,usetheirheadandworkthegrammarruleoutwiththeirownefortunderthe**uidanceoftheteacher.Theiefoie化einductivearoachisi打ol:herwordsag,pp,,ru-lediscoverath.A打dundersuchkindofwaof化achi打stude打tsareactivelypyg,y打vovterrocessorammarlearnnwhctheoterhandheltemiledinhipfgigih0打hphbettercomrehendandremembert.Htt:heruleenceinducivearoachcreaesp,ppautonomousandmeaningfiillearningwhichisdifferfromthedeductivearoachforppitca打involvestudentsintothinkingandlet化emlearnactivelyintheirgrammarlearningrocess.pAsforchildre打,especiallyyoun呂childre打,curiosityistheirnature.So,children,hke!;〇findoutsomethinnewbthemselves.Whatsmorechildren1化etobegy,involvedratherthansito打thechairsile打tly.Insuchcasebetwee打1;hetwobasic,approaches,化einductiveapproachseemstobeabeterway化atcanbeusedi打化ebachingoframmarbecause也earoachletstudentsrtiinkandlead比emtofindoutgpp,.tectivearoachwllsometimesfrstratesUdt化eruleHoweverhinduiuiens,ppconfidenceinlearninggrammariftheyarenotabletoworktheruleoutby化emselves.O打thebasisof也eabovedescriptionofdeductiveapproachandinductiveapproachthemainuroseofthisstudistocomarethetwoaroachesb,ppypppyalntemntherammarCachinrocessU)exami打etheireffectssoastoppyighiggpfindoutaproperwayofgrammarteachi打gtoprimaryschoolstudents.Besidesthepurposeoffi打di打goutthemoreaccetablewatoteachEnishrammartorimarpygl呂py19 华北电力大学硕±学位论文schoolstudentsano化eruroseofhissudisomakesomeconribuionsi打orer,ptttttdpy化richthestudyofgrammarteachingtoprimaiyschoolstude打tsfortheproblemthat*theieisalackofsUidyingi打the化achingofE打glishgrammar化primaryschoolstudents.Tomentionagai打,grammarteaching!;〇primaryschoolstudentsshouldtrytoberoera打deffectiveintheinitialstaeofE打lishlearnin.Asaresultattentionppggg,^shouldbeaidasmuchasossibleonnottodisturbstudentsinterestinlearningpp,E打glishbecauseoflearninggrammar.Ifstudentsi打teresti打learningEnglishlosei打theirinitiallearningstagebecauseofdullanddificultgrammarleammtherewillbeg,averbadinfluenceon化eirftirtherstudofE打lish.Alli打allthee打eralresearchyyg,gobjectiveistofindoutaproperandeffectivewaybetweenthetwobasicgrammar化achingapproachestomakegrammarCachingandlearningtoprimaryschoolstudentslessdifficultanddull.And化epurposeofdoing化eteachingexperimentfromradeonetoradefiveistofindoutexactlwhicharoachismoreaccetableggypppandmoreeffectivetostudentsofdiffere打tgrades.Throu呂h化eexperiment,thisstudyalsotriesto巧gureouthelpfulsuggestio打softeachinggrammarproperlyandeffectivelytorimarschoolstudents.py43SubectsjAsthisisaresearch0打grammarteachingattheprimarylevel,化esubjectsof,thisresearchwererimarstudentsofaBeiinsPrimarSchoolfromradeoneU)pyjgyggradefive.StudentsofradesixwereexcludedfVomtheexerimentastheweregpybuswithreari打theentranceexamnao打ofunrchoo.gitiiohighslI打eachradeypp,jgthereweretwoarallelclasseswith0打eclasstauhtwithdeductivearoachwhilepgpp也eothertaughtwithinductiveaproach.Thenumberofs1;udentswerevariedfrompgradetorade.gTomake化eexperimentgosmoothly,dieRachelschosentodo化eexperiment,ttareallexperie打ced化acherswihaleastoneearsofteachin.Amon1;heteachersygg,'twoaretheEnglishteachersoftheprimaryschoolwhohelpedtoobservestudentsclasserformancei打eludintheirclassi打volvementa打dtheirreactonu打derderentpiiff,grammar化ach.Thttbigingapproacheeacherwhoconducs化egrammarachings化e*山ho*presentarwhoisalsoaveryexperiencedkacherwUhmoie化an化ieeearsofyteach.kidsingexeriencepw 华北电力大学硕±学位论文4.4Ma化rialsThematerials也atusedin1:heresearchweregrammarpointschosencarefullyfromtheEnglishl;extbooksthatsUidentsareusi打g.And化eE打glishl;extbooksare>P’PrimaryEnglishStudentsBookpublishedbyeoplesEducationPress(PEP).Foreachrade,therammarointtobe化stedwastheticalrammarhe打ome打athatggpypgp’,itt1.Timplictlyaearsi打students1;extbookehe:eachershaventtauhthereasonofppygsuchchoiceistoletthestudentsofthetwoparallelclassesofeachgradewereatthesameroficiencleveloftherammaroint.pygp"’,Inradeo打e化erammarointchosenis化ehenomenaofaddinswi化化eg,gppgt.incethelimitatiottamtluralformofhenounsine打eralS打ofimeheiisonlopg,y,",,*也iaisestudentsaware打essofaddingsafterluralformsofenounsafter也eprammarttttg;eachin呂proceduredonewihdeduciveapproachandi打duciveapproachseparablyinthetwoparallelclasses.。,’;地,Inradetwo化erammarointistheuseof过and.However化eg,gp,grammarpointcannotbeexplainedindetailssincestudentsarelackofhoneticpknowledge.Duringthebaching,化efocusiso打makingstudentsnoticethe。^。,,henome打athattheword3打isusedi打frontofthe打ounswhosestartletterare3p,U,,,u’,。,,",,e/T〇or11tomeanoneorisusedtoreresent化enumberone.,pForgradethree,l:hegrammarpointisaboutdistinguishingtheuseoftheverb';,’打beafterdifferentpersonpro打ous.Ingradefour,thegrammarpointisthecomparativeformofregularadectivesand出egrammarointtobeusedi打gradefivejpit.istherese打tCO打t打uousensep4.5InstrumentsTh*.beieseaichinstrumentsusedfortheexerimentarethreetesofstswhichpyp-mmed.are1;heretestatetestandtedelaed1;estpiih,,y1Pre-T4.5.estEventhouhtherammarointchosentobeteskdforeachradeisimlicitggpgpwhth-化ich化ebacherhasnottauhttostudenstereStneedtobedonetomakesureg,pstudentsofthetwoparallelclassesineachgradearei打thesameproficiencyleveloft-化etaretrammaro.Ittttiginfhereesresulsshowbdiffere打cebetweenthetwogpp呂aalleirlclasses化echosenrammaro打tcannotbetakenas化etestoneAsarest.ulp,gp,21 华北电力大学硕±学位论文-theretestforeachradewillbedo打ebeforetheconductinofthe化achinofthepggggrammardeductivelyandinductivelinthetwoarallelclassesofeachrade化1;estypgeoaracassesarenmeocltifstudentsof化twllelli化esarficienlevelof:hearetppygrammarointgp.4.5.2ImmediateTestTheimmediatetestistobedonerightawayt:os化dentsofthetwoparallelclassesofeachradeafter化egrammarteachingfinished.Bdointheimmediategy呂testtheeffectthatthedeductivearoachandtheinductivearoachhaveonscore,ppppcanbefiuredoutbcomari打theresultsoftheimmediatetestofthetwoaraegypgplllclasses.Moreovertheimmediatetestresultscanshowusifstudentsofbothclasses,canmakeroressafterreceivintherammarteachin.p呂ggg4.5.3DelayedTestSincetheinductiveapproachisclaimedtobearulediscoverypathwhichcanmakestudentsbettermemorize化erule化edelaedtestforeachradewillbedonea,ygweeklatertherammar化achi打呂tofindoutifitistrue化atsUidentsofinductiveclassgmemorizethetargetgrammarpointbetter也ans化dentsofdeductiveclassbycomarnthedelaedtestresultsofthetwoclasses.pigy4.6Procedure461Pre-Exit..permenA-ctuallthereexerimentisarearinstae.Beforethecarrinoutofthey,ppppggygexerimentlotsofrearationsneed1.tbachin:0bedoneFirstandforemosagp,pp,considerableamountofpreviousreferentialempiricalresearchesonapplyingdeductiveapproachandinductiveapproachin化ebachingoframmarshouldbegcarefustudiedU)ett;oknowhowcan化isbachinexerimentbeconductefterllyggpd.A*化adinenouhreviousrefeientialresearchesitistime化lan化et;eachinggp,pgriiiexpeime打tforthsthessncludinchoosi打thetaretrammaroi打tedtobetested,ggggpforeachradedestteelestsarmtteact.Butininghehr;li打hehinsesandsoong,g,pggp化emostimpoilantpreparatio打isU)designthet:eachin呂stepscarefblly,forthettCtteachingsepsdirectlyinfluence化eresulsof化eachinexeriment.If化e;eachi打gpgs化psareright,化entheteachingexperime打twillbecarriedoutsuccessfijlly.Vice22 华北电力大学硕±学位论文versaif化0Cachinstesarewrontheteachinexerimentwillowronwhich,gpg,gpggwillleadto过failure.The打extpreparationthatafterthelanninofthe化achinexerimentistolookpggpforarimarschoolwheretheteachi打exerimentcanbecarriedout.InBeii打itisygpjg,pnoteastofi打darimarschooltocarrouttheCachinplanbutIamluckenouhypyyg,ygbecauseIfoundonewhereIcoulddomteachinexeriment.Howevertheteachinygp,gexperimentcannotbecarriedoutimmediatelyeve打theplacefordoingtheexperimenthasbee打fou打d.了hereasonisthattherearesomeotherreparatio打sthat打eedtobepdone.First,IneedtoobservehowtheEnglishteachersoftherimarschoolteach.pySecondIneedtogetacuaintedwiththestudents.Third,theteachintestsandthe,qg*teachi打stesneedtobeievisedbeforetheimpementionoftheexeriment.gplp了herefo化lotsofrearatio打shavebee打do打己befoirethecarri打outofthe,ppyg,teachingexeriment.It1;ookabo山onemo打thstimetolookurelevantreferentialpp^researchesandtodesintheteststheteacht.Anottinsesandsoonheronemonhsg,gptimewastaken!;〇observetheEnglishteachersoftheprimaryschoolbachingEnglish,-andtoetacuaintedwiththestude打ts.Whatsmorebeforebachi打aetestforgq,吕,prn,studentsindifferetgradeneedstobedo打etoteststude打tsEnglishability-A1化ouh化ereexerimentstaetakesalo打timeitisworthdoinall化egppgg,grearations.Withoutaoodrearationtheteachinexerimentcannotbedoneppgpp,gpmoo^,,sthla打dsuccessfully.Just过sl;hesayinggoesWellbegunishalfdoneaoody,gpreparationhelpsalot.4乂.2ExperimentAfteralltherearationsthathavebee打doneitistimetoimlementthepp,pexerment.Andtheroceduresoftewholeexerimentincludefours化s.e巧rstpiphppTh--stepistodothere1;est.Theaimofdoing1;hepretest1:0thetwoparallelclassesofp,eachradeisto1;eststudentsunderstandinofthetaretrammarointt:hatisoinggggpggtobetaughtinadeductiveandaninductivewayresectivellatertomakesure化atpy-studentsarein也esamelevelofthetargetrammar.Aftertheretest也esecondgp,stepistoconductthegrammarbachingtot;eachstude打tsofeachgradewiththedeductiveapproachandtheinductiveapproachaccordingly.The打the化irdst;epistodoanimmediatet;estassoonastheteacherfinishedthebachingofthegrammarpoint.Takeradeoneasanexamle.After也e化achinoftileluralformoft;hecounl:ablegpgpnounswiththedeductiveapproachorthein过activearoachate巧化atwithapp,d-ifferentcontentfromtheretestwillbedone化studentsimmediatel.Bdoin化epyyg23 华北电力大学硕±学位论文a-mmedtel:esttheimmediatetestscoKscanbecomaredwttheretestscores1:〇ii,pihpfigureoutifthescoresincreasedafterreceivi打gtheteachingofthegrammar.Inad出tion,theaimofdoing化eimmediate化Stis化findout化eifbigdifferenceexistsbetweenthedeductiveandi打ductiveclassesbyanalzetheimmediatet;estscoreofythetwoarallelclasseswkhSPSSsoastofigureoutifthedeductiveclasshasbetterpttrtheuctivclasssttrtt.Attimmediaeeffeconscoeorindehabeeimmediaeeffecferheformerthreesteps,thelaststepistodoadelayedtest.And化edelayed化Stis化bedonetostudentsofeachgradei打l;hetwoparallelclassesaweeklaterafterthethegrammarCachingaccordin化theforeti打curveroosedbthefamousGermangggppypsychologistHermannEbbinghaus.Andthedelayedtestresultsofthetwoparallelclasseswillbecomparedtoseeifstudentsofthedeductiveclassorthestudentsoftheinductiveclassmemorizethegrammarbetteraweeklaterwhenthereis打oattempttoretaintherammarknowlede.ggTheslt.:epsofhewholeexperimentarenowclearthroughl:heabovedescriptionThe打thefollowingcontentisaboutthedel;ailsoftheexperime打t.TheCO打Crete-conductinde1化.;ailsofeachswillbeexlai打edcare扣UDuri打1;heret;estthegppygp,化StpaperwiththeCO打tentof化etargetrammarointwillbehandedouttosl;udentsgp,打rsttoletthemdowithoutthe化achershelp.Thenstudentsareaskedtofinishtheaerwithinte打orfifteenminWesfor.Afteralttpplhesudentshavefinishedthe,studentsareaskedtohandintheiraerwiththeirnamesontheaer.ppppTh-化化estepthatrihtaftertheret:estisachthetaretrammarointthatisgpggpcareftillychose打foreachgradewiththedeductiveapproachandtheinductivearoachi打thetwoarallelclassesresectivel.Asaresulti打eachradetheppppy,g,teacherteachesthesamerammarointinthetwoclasses.Thedifferenceisthatthegpgrammarpointistaughtwiththedeductiveapproachino打eclasswhilein化eoUierclasstherammarointistauhtwi也theinductivearoach.Besides化achin,gpgpp,gproceduresinthetwoparallelclassesofeachgradearethesame.InthedeductivewaoframmarteachinthebasicCachinroceduresareasJfollows:y,gggpT",,hefirsts化p,thestudentsdowarmup.Thesecondsltk任oduresettttt;eheacherinceandnherammarruleosudensp,pgfirst.Thethirds化thekacheremhasizestherammarruleandassinssUidentsp,pggwthrelatedexercisestoletthemalandractice.ippypTh-efourthst;e化ekacherreemhasizetherulet;oreview.p,pWhile,i打化einductivewayofgrammarteaching,thebasicteachingprocedures24 华北电力大学硕±学位论文are:Th",,efirstS化P,thestudentsdowarmup.*Thesecondstethe化acherleadsintheCachinconte打tandiesentsalotofp,gpsamplewordsorsente打cesonboard.Thethirdstep,the化acherleadsstudents1;oobservethesamplewordsorthesentencescarefullytoleadthemfindandeneralizetheruleexistedinthewordsorgsentenceswiththeirowneffort.Thefourthst;ep,thet:eachergivesstude打tssomenewwordsorsentencestoletthemapplytheraleand化letstudentspracticetohaveadeeperunderstandingoftheruandmemorizetherulebetter.leFvete化acherleadssUitsrevewerule.ihdeni化,Togetaclearerandmoredetailedteachi打呂procedure,thedetailedteaching*rocedureofthei打ductiveclassanddeductiveclassofGradeOnewillbeiesentedppbelowsdescribedtherammarointi打GradeOneisabouttheluralformof?,gpp今.countablenouns.In也eclass化atterammaro打twastautwtl:heint;hgpighihducivearoachtheteachinroceduresare:pp,gpStepone,warmu:the化acherletsstudentssta打duandsitdownuickltoletppqystudentsgetreadyforclass.Stetwoleadin:the1:eacherleadsi打thebachingntentbshowinstudentsp,coygtheictureswiththebachincontenton.Theicturesareaictureofai,aicturepgpppgpofsomeisaictweofae打cilaictureofsomeencilsaictureofabookapg,pp,pp,p,.ctureofsomebooksaict;iueofabananaandaictureofsomebananas,beforeip,pp(thisclass,thestude打tshavelearnedthefourwordspig,pencil,bookandbanana)*化S忙threeiesention:11;he化acherresentstheic1;ureofaitostude打tsp,p,pppg",,'(,,andaskthemWhafsthis?化esUidentsknowandansweri.Teacherthenask,pg"',^,’studentsHowman?.Studentsobservea打danswerone.Thenteacherwritesony*board1化ethis:ai.2The化acherthe打reseiUs化eictuiewithsomeisandaskpg,pppg",,studentsHowmany?.SUideiitsobservea打dte]lbacher化erightnumber.Thenthe’;‘,;;,,',,化acherrepeatspigsandwTit;es0打boardpigswiththeletter、markedred.3,teacherresenttwomoresetsoficturesinthesamewa.4whenshowinthelastp,pygsetofeicturestheteacherletstudentstell化econte打tof化eictures化emselves化p,pflaccordingtotheformerthreesetsosampes.S化pfbur,1;heteacherletstudentsob化rvethephenomenacarefullyandcomprehe打dsuchphenomena.Then,thekacherguidessUjdentstoge打eralizetheruleout.;25 Stefive,ractice:teachersresentsstudentsffloresetsofictoestoletthempppp^^ticetoalytherulemdmosorizesuchkindofraimnarhi^timeBa.fi^gpSes-tixclosure:fecomrehendtherammarhenomenabreviewiniep,pgpygflteachingcontentlistedonboard.Andintheclassth^thegrammarpointwastau^twiththe(teductiveapproach,theteachingrocedures^e:p劑哪销巧,wum罕吿if細!施旅晚d雌泌4辕献¥?弊喊ciytoletstud^teetreadfordass.gySteptwoleadin:tibeteacherleadsintheteachincontentshowinstudents,g%g*one游tofictiHes.pSte舱eeresentation;1化acherresentsaictureofaand娘kstudentsp,p,pppig"S,,"""stlis?Stentsimvi.Teach蛛化eaastoHowWlh^.tiua郑pg狐id说胞","巧S^ii劇敵孤swet饼巧.TeachertellsSt战tenteonepiisedfeda猫d复1%"巧writesapigonboard.2,怡achershowsstudentsthepictweofso放epigs游过游k"H,,化U■owmany?.Stiufe狂tsteacherthenuinbef.Teachei値entellstud剧Itsif佑e",,mi風berkmore化泌1o岛e泣sshouldbeaddedaftertheWOTd.Thenteacherwrites,"。""downisandm班東s化elettersred.3化acherre淡ntso化erIhr说setsofpg,picturesinthesamewa.pyStepfourractice;teacherivesstudentssomemoresetsoficturesfe)let,pgpstudentsracticetotheruleandmemorizethende.ptefivecloswett.Sp:teacherleadssudensreviewtfierule,ComparingtheteachingpcocQdmtsitiseasyto^liesii&thepresentationpart,liek^^tivewayofteacysg,tfieimsihmvMfistout^stoout細淹瓶r1diff就enceand無謀贷較知獻Idknowwhy.Neverthele泌,theteacherwilltellstudentsthe通游r^ic放befedian过孤d化巧1ivegstudentsmoresamplestoracticeinthedeductivewayoftewhin.pg4.6.3PostExperimentTheworkthatneedtobedoneaftertheexerimentistocollectthedataoffivepgradesandanalyzethedata.tActually,artofthedaahavebee打collecteddurintheexerimentstae.Thepgpgda-化巧ndmmSofeachraeavebeencoetaofthereaiediate化tdhllectdrihtafterpgg,the化achingoframmar.InaddUion,studentsclasserformanceisalsoobservedandgprecordedduringthe化achi打gofgrammar.Only也edataofthedelaedtestofeachy,gradecollected身weekslaterafterthe化achinoframmar.gg26 华北电力大学硕±学位论文Gene*rallseaki打thecollectionof化edataisnotcomlex.Theiealcomlexypg,ppartofteostexerimentstaeistosortthedataandnalzetheata.Becauethephppgayds*sortinofthedatatookalontimewhiletheanalzinofthedatai:euiiedtheuofg,segygqSPSSwhichmadethedataanalsismorecomlex.,ypItisui化打ecessartomentionhereaainthatithasbee打verclearthatineachqygygrade化erearethreetypesoftests打eedtobedo打ein化etwoarallelclassesofeachp-rade.Theretesttheimmediatetestandthedelaedtest.Theaimofonthegp,ydig’-rett1ttttudentsknowleattttttureoutp;esis:oeshesdgebouheargegrammarpoinofi呂-howmuchthestudentsknowabouttherammarointandthereforetheretestcangp,,phllllhinhtellwhethertetwoaraecassesofeacradearetesamelevel.WhilethepganalyzingoftheKsultsoftheimmediatetestcanletusfindoutwhichapproachisthemoKeffectiveoneonimprovingtheimmediate1:estscore.Andthedelaed1:estscanyhadenti1:ellusttifstutsunderthededucivewayof1:each打gorthestude打tsundertheinductivewayof化achingcanmemorizethegrammarrulebeUer.Andthedataanalysisofeachgradewillfollowtheordersbelow.Firstlthreesetsofcomarisonsthatbetweenthetwoarallelclassesofeachy,pp'radewti-illbeanalzedincludinhecomarso打oft;heietestofthetwoarallelgy,gpppclassesthecomarisonoftheimmediatetestofthetwoarallelclassesandthe,ppcomarisonoftktttwo.phedelayedsofhearallelclassespSecondly,twosetsofcomparisons化atwhhi打化edeductiveclassandinductivetwt-tclassresecivelillbeanalzedincludincomariso打ofheretestandhepyy,gppa-te化Stand;hecomariso打ofheretestathedelaedtest.immedi1ptpndy:Thedataofeachradethathavecollectedwillbeanalzedbarofessionalgyypsoftware,SPSS(StatisticalPackageofSocialSciences),whichisusedforstatisticalanass.ThrouheatathatroducedbwewfndoutomeresutsanlyightdpySPSS,illisldetea打swers化hefouruestionstharoosedi打hatern.gtihtqtppCpOeAtlastsincetherearetwoarallelclassesi打eachradewithoneclasstauht,pggunder化edeductiveapproachand化e0化ertaughtunderinductiveapproach,herebyClasslwillrefer!:〇theinductiveclassofeachradeandClass2willrefer化the()g()deductiveclassof.eachradeg!27 华北电力大学硕±学位论文SS^SS^^S^S^SS^S^^SS^^^^SS!S^^SSl^SSSSI^S^^SSS^^SS!S^SSSSS^SSS^^SSS^^SS!SSSS^SS!^^^SS^SSS^SSS^SiChapterFiveDataAnalysisandDiscussion5.1DataAnalsisy5.1.1AnalysisofGradeOneThetablesbelowseeTable51TablT.3..e5.2able5Table5.4,Tablend(,,,55,aab6show-Tle5.willusthecompareddataofthep:retestimmediate1;estanddelaed),y化Stoftheinductiveclassand1:hedeductiveclassofGradeOne.-化STable5.1GroupStatisticsoftheretofClasslandClass2Grade1p()()ClassNMSDSEScoi:eClass1215.76191.54612.33739()Class2316.09682.16巧2.38897()二二放>NumberStd瓜N?Sl:a打dard,)(5--化Table.2IndeendentSamleTtestofttl21phereSofClassandClassGradepp()()-FSi.tSi2tal.ggied()-Eualvariancesassumed3.166.081.610544q.-Equalvariancesnotassumed.650.518e-aM>论;th2tiledsigPbelow化e0.05levelmanifestssignificance)(()FromTable5.1wecanseethatthenumberofthesamlesistwentyoneandpthirtoneresectivel.Andthemeanscoreofwhichis打otevenclassone.7619isypy,5()tfctAndtttllowerhanthemeanscoreolasswo6.0968.hesandarddeviaionof;he()*whtwoclassesisdiffeientichrevealsthatthereis过slihtdifferencebetwee。,gstudenfsroficienclevelofthetaretrammar.pygg-TabF-le5.2istheindependentsampleT1;est.romtheindependentsampleTtest*二<0二ll5t.1tiweca打see;ha;P0.544.0and060.Theiefbrenosinificandfference(),g*existsbetweent:hemductiveclassa打d化edeductiveclassSince化eienosncant.isigifi,diferencebetwee打thetwoclassesweknowthatthetwoclassroficie打clevelof,pytargetrammarpointisatthesamelevel.Asaresultthetaretrammarointforg,ggpgrade0打ecat!bechosen化betested.*ecom-化TheabovetablesarpareddataanalysisofthepieStof化etwoparallelclassesofGradeOnewhichprove化at化erammarointcanbecho化打tobe化s化d.gptT.3.wittThefollowingablesseeable5and54llshowusdiecomareddaaof;he()p28 华北电力大学硕女学位论文etarallelclasofradeeimmediat化Stof化ewosesGOn.pTable5.3GrouStatisticsoftheimmediate化stofClasslandClassrade1p()口)GClassNMSDSEScoreClass1219.5238.98077402.21()Class2319.35481.81748.32643()tSam-Table5.4IndependenleTtestoftheimmediate化StofClasslandClass2p()()Grade1-FSi.tSi2tailedgg.()Eualvar1.11.29.38qiancesassumed259.699Eualvariancesnotassumed.433.667qI打Table5.3weca打seeiJiatthemeanscoreofclassone9.5238isslihtl()gyhihertha打化emeanscoreofdeductvec拉ss.35e打de打ti948b山化eindepsamleg(),p-T=二>0Ttestinable5.4shows化atP0.699>0.05andt0.389.05whichmeans化at()()打osignifica打tdiffers打ceexistsbetwee打thetwoarallelclasses.Suchresultrevealspthatneitherthedeductiveapproachnortheinductiveapproachhasabetterimmediateeffecto打SCO化.Nowthetablesbelow(Table5.5andTable5.6)willshowusthecompareddataofthedelaed化別y.Table5.5GroupStatisticsof化edelaed1;estofClasslandClassrade1y()。)GClassNMeanSDS目ScoreClass(1)218.28572.57183.56122Class2319.35481.81748.32643()Tab-le5.6Indepe打de打tSampleTtestoftiedelayedt;estofClasslandClass2()()Grade1-FSig.tSig2tailed.()Eed2-qualvariancesassum.998.0901.758.085Eed-qualvariancesnotassum1.674.109Tab.iiidldfhewolle55stheroustatstcsoftheeaetestottaralelclassesgpyp,enumerofsUidentsmeanscores1;a打rdevato打taincludinthbdadiiandSndardErrorg,,-.AndTable5.6is;hilTtlMeanlendependentsampetesofthedeayedtest.Fromthe29 华北电力大学硕±学位论文firsttableweca打seethatthedelayed化Stmeanscoreofthetwoclassesclass(==18.2857class29.3548isalittlebitlowerthantheimmediatetesfsmeanscore,)*-meanscoseeTable5,3butmuchhiherthan化eretestieseeTable5.1which()gp(),^'meansthatthetargetgrammarknowledgeremainedsomeinstudentsmindaweeksa*rbuthescorewas打oasoodastheirimmediate化Stscoie.ltettg"=>0=>InTable5.6theP0.0tl.5ttt.0855and7580.0whichshowshahereis,()()打0significantdifferencebetweenthetwoparallelclasse义Suchresultindicates化atnei也erthedeductiveapproach打ortheinductiveapproachhasbettereffect0打化eretentio打of.thetargetrammarknowledegg'Theabovearethethreesetsofthecompareddataofgradeonestwoparallel-c.ifhedlassesThenextsetofdatashowsthecomparsonotheretestandtimmeiatep化Stoftheinductiveclasswhichtellusifstudentsoftheinductiveclasshavemade化einductt.proressafterreceivingivewaoframmareachingyggTable5.7GroupStatisticsof化epreandimmediate化StofClass(l)Grade1TestMeanNSDSE化St521L54612.9Pre.76193373Immediatetest9.523821.98077.21402T5amT-teab出erimmedttstlad1le.8PairedSplestofpeandiae:eofClassGre()Pa-irMeanSid.DeviationtdfSi2taiedg.l()differenceDifference---Pretest&Immediatetest3.761901.729309.96920.000FromTable5.7,wecanseethatthemeanscoreofimmediatet;est9.5238is()-hertha打theretest51.AT.t化findouttttmuchhi.769ndinable58iiseashahegp(),y==>0化n巧canP0.000(.05)andet9.969whichtells化at化ereisabsolut:elsit,yg-diferencebetweenthetwo1:eststheretestandtheimmediatet:est.Andthedata,pshowninTable5.7fullymeans化atl;heimmediatetestscoreismuchhigherthantile*-化reStscoie.Asaresultstudentsofinductiveclassmadereatroressafterp,gpgreceivintheteachinofdut.ggtaretrammarwkhincivearoachggppNexttwotablesTable5.9and1;able5.10arethecomariso打ofthereand()pp'testofltdetheinductivecasswhichtellusifstudentstarerammarknowledelayedggghatoth-th化rsfallltthtittrallenepreeaceveaweekaafereeach打gofargegmmarwi化outreviewin.呂!30 华北电力大学硕±学位论文Table5.9GrouStatisticsof化ereanddelayed化StofClasslGrade1pp()TestMeanNSDSEP化化.11St576921.54612.33739Delayedtest8.2857212.57183.56122abe-Tl5.10PairedSampleTtestofthereanddelayed化StofClasslGrade1p()-PairMeanS化DeviationtdfSig.2tailed()differenceDifference---Pre化St底Delaedtest2.y.5^812.80391412520.001==-<0t4.12I打Table5.10也eP0.001.055whichshowsthatthereis,()-sinificantdifferencebetweentheretestandthedelayedtest.Asaresultwecangp,’,s化te化atsUide打tsknowtt化th-1ledgeof化etargegrammarhasnfalle打epre:each,levelaweekstimelater.AndthemeanscoreshowninTable5.9reveals化atalotd,mtargetgrammarknowledgestillremainsinstuentsindforthemeanscoreof化e*-delaed1t.2ttietestandonlttlt1y;es(8857)ismuchhigherhanhepyaUebilower;han=ftheimmediate1tmeanscoreoftit1t.themea打scoreo;eshemmediae;es95238see,(Table5.7.Nevertheless,thestandarddeviationofthedelayedtest2.57183isalittle)()bithighert;han1:hesta打darddeviationof1;hepretest1.54612whichisasignthatthe()memoryof1;herammarknowledeisalitlebitdifferentamonthestudents.gggTh,eabovearetwosetsofcomareddataof化einductiveclass.Nowletshaveap,dduilookatl:hefollowingtwosetsofcomparisonsof化eectveclass.Table5.11GroupStatisticsoft;hepreandimmediatetestofClass(2)Grade1TestMeanNSDSEPre化St61.1.0968326572.38897Immediate1est.1.3;9.354831187482643T5-able.12PakedSamleTtestoftatlt21pherendimmediae;esofClassGradep()-Pa.DirMeanStdeviationtdfSitaledg.2i()difference---Pretest底Immediatetest3.44.40.000.2580629057730Tab.1tttttCla2le53GroupStaisicsofhereanddelaed;esofssGrade1py()TestMeanNSDSEP化t.012572.reS69683.1638897Delaed化St9.16133115749.20789y.131 华:;电±学位.n巧大学硕緣文-TaWe5.14PairedliddadIiSameTtestoftfereandete^ofass2rade1pCGpy()eanSUlDeviaion-lP曲Mtt批Sig.2taled()differenceDifference-Pretes--t&Delayedtest3.064522.407437.08730.000Table5.11andTable5.12showthatthereissignificant出ferencebetweenthere-dthh<ptestaneimmediate化巧oftedeductiveclassastheFandtareO.OOQ(0.0巧^-1靴?燃巧株你巧.Mofewer絶@memtbe献岛teststei!s化曲the卸,e-erhescoretestismttchbterftantheret^fotsarc9.3548ai^6.0%8resectivelppywhichreveals化atstudentshavemaderore况afterreceivingtherammarteachinpgggwithUiededaetive^^roach.Serence-tignifteant出falso放istsbetweenthereestand值皮delaed化stasthepy=.-P㈱0<化㈱5t7..14.Aadn^a泌邸eof(eds繊d娩7mT泌fe5tetet()斬(9.!食口》泌命@imme巧atetest9.354S)mTable5.。rev^l化泌旅过励(’浊’knowledgeofthetargetafimarhasntfallenmuchawestinKi!a树letalone爵,-fatenreesevto化ettl洗护5.1.2An汹sof嘶GradeTwoGra’deonesdatahavebeen猫站yzed,thedata化beanalyzednextaregrade’twosdata*Thet^lesshown(seeT^Ie5.15andTable5.16)belowtellsnsthecomparisonbe?-of:eeshedia^tidelet^allcassesttttin^etetestieadtestofhetwoelf,yplofGradeT.ymT油瓜5.巧陆㈱pSta&^sof舱p@,虹阻似&te処dde轉础ofCla泌0)纖iC^s(2)(j^ade2TestclassNM孤沈Pretesty334.96971.26206.21970)巧384.44741.55437.25215Immediate化337.39392.178%.37924test2385.84212.16%6.3508()Delayedbst(〇335.36361.83402.31926(2)384.15792.09924.3405432 华北电力大学硕±学位论文T516-化化able.Indeende打tSamleTStof化ereimmediateanddelaedStofpp,ypClasslandClass2Grade2()()--PretestFS.igtSig2tailed.()Eualvariancesassumed1.708q.1961.539.128Equalvariancesnotassumed1.539.123It-mmediatetestFSig.Sig2tailed.()Eed.5133.00.0qualvariancesassum.432504Eualvariances打otassumed3.q.004004-DlF.S.tSieayedtestigg2tailed.()Eualvariancesassumed1.22..013q.49752558Eualvariancesnotassumed2.583q.012A1化ough化ethreesetsofcompariso打of化etwoparallelclassesareshownintwotablesTable5.15andTable5eacsetweean.16)hillbliedonebonewhen(,却y,-doinsis.Firstletsanalze化ecomariso打of也eanal化eretestof化etwoclasses.gy,yppInTable5.15,wecanseethatthemeanscoreofclass(1)is4.9697andthemeanscoreofclass2is4.4474whichislower化anclass1.Nevertheless,1:hest;udent()()ttwoctfocls2hamorestudtthl1.I打umberofhelassesis打oeve打rasse打sancass打,()()==Table51.128>0.05tl.5.6wecan打nd化at化eP0and化e93.Thedataanalsis,()yKsultroves化atnosinificantdiffere打ceexistsbetweenclass1andcass2pgl()()whichmeansthatthero打ciencleveloftihetaretrammarofthetwoclassesisatpygg化esamelevelandthetaretrammarcanbechose打todot:est.,g呂,lhihThenetsanalzetecomareddataoftheimmedatetestofttwla.,ypeocssesThn*edatashowniTable5.151:eUsus化atthemeanscoieofclass1is7.3939which()二ishiher1;hanthemeanscoreofclass1whichis5.8412.Intable4.16化eP0.004g(),=<0.05and化et3.005whichmeansthat化eretissi打ifica打differencebetween化e()gtwoclasses.Combini打gthecomparisonresultfromTable5.15a打d5.16aconclusion,canbedrawnthattheimmediatetestscoreofclass1isbetterthantheimmediate()1;estscoreofclass2whichmeansthattheinductiveapproachhasbetterimmediate()>*efecto打improvi打gstude打tsSCOT色.,Nowletsanalzethecomarisondataofl;hedelaedtestofthetwoclasses.In,ypyTable5hedld化fli..15themeanscoreofteaeStocass1s53636whichihihe,y(sr)g二二>0thanclassclass24.1579.Andie5.16化eP0.13.05andnTablt;he口)():()=2t.558whichshowsthatnosi呂打ifica打tdifferenceexistsbetweenclass1andclass()j2.Suchresultsstatethatneitherthedeductiveaoachnor1ht();ppr:emduciveapproach33 kasbetcareffectontiieretentionoftheramoHfknowlede.ggTheabovearethecomparisonsthatbetweenthetwoclasses.Naw,thecomarisonillbshobeloenswithinchclas.Thfolliableseepwewnwhappeaseowngts(T油teesteeof说nnof-esnd5.17andTabl5.1ihstcisottaimmediatete巧of巧p进pretileinductiveclassGradetwo.Table5.17GroupStatisticsofthereandimmediatetestofClassGrade2p(。Tei*MemN泌雄Pretest4.969733!.2於06.21970Immediatetest7.3巧9332.17858.37924-mmedTable518PairedS进npleTte巧ofthereandiiateteistofCi狼slGrade2p()ieanSd-ParMt.Devmtiont姐Sig.2taited()Difife^efice-to--Prest嵌tome做tetest2.424242.525255.51532.000=<=InTafel?5.18,the?0?0000.05andthet0.970whichshowsthat化ereis()ttt-ttttttsigni技cant逝fferenceexissbeweenhereesandheimmediaees.Andi打Tablep5we-1anseehattheeancoreoftheretest4.9697islowerthmean.7ctmsanthe,p()scoreoftheimmediate1:est7.3939sothatweknowthatstudentshavemade()roressaft巧receivinthe化achinofthet猫etrammar.pgggggTable5.19Table5.20showustheccwnpaiisonofthepreanddelayed化stoftheinductiveclassGradeTwo.TabI居5.19Gro雌Statisticsofthefire猫dde岭edtestof£1泌3八)Grade2T@stMeanN泌SEPretert4.969733L26206.別970Delaeds..ytet5363633183402.31926Tabede-trele5.20PairSamplTestoftheanddelaed化StofClassrade2py。)Grean-PaiMSt:deviaionai.DttdfSi.2tledg()differenceDifferencere-es--Ptt底Delayedtest.393941.967541.15032.259Table5.19showsus化at也emeanscoreofthedelayed化St巧363巧isslightly*^■化巧scohierthanthemeanscoieofthepreie4.9697.AndinTable5.20th食gh()=>0=P0.259.05andthetl.150whichdemonstrates化atnosi打i貸cantdifference()g,ex-istsbetween化eretestand也edelayed化St.Suchiresul化rovethatstudentspp^knowledeof-gthetargetgrammarhasfallentothepreteachlevelafteraweekstime34 华北电力大学硕±学位论文withoutatiyireviewin.gTheabovearethetwosetsofcomparisonsoft;heinductiveclass.Thenexttwo*setsarecomarisonof1;hedeductiveclassincludinthecomariso打oftileieandp,gpptttimmediate化standthecomparisonofhereanddelaedes.pyT*able5.21GroupStatisticsoftheieandimmediate化stofClass2Grade2p()TestMeanNSDSEest4..Fre.44743815543725215Immediate1;est5.8421382.16266.35083*Tab22T-ttt2le5.PairedSample;esoftileieandimmediateksofClassGrade2p()M-PaireanSl.Deviationt.2t:ddfSig(ailed)differenceDifference---Pretest&Immediatelt1..1..:es3947425331339737002ThP=0=eP.002<b.05a打dtt3.397scoreinTable522化t.11us化a比ereis()()*-significantdifferenceexistsbetweenthepietestandtheimmediatetest.A打dthe*coiesable5.21showsthatthemeanscoreof化emeanshownimmediatetestinT5-.8412ishier化anthemeanscoKof化eretest4.4474whichmeans也at化e()纽p()studentsmaderoress.pgTabe523GrouStatisticsofthereanddelaedt;estofClass2rade2l.ppy()GTestMeanNSDSEP化化St4.4474381.55437.25215Delaedtest579382.y4.1.0992434054Table5.24PairedSampleT4estof1;hepreanddelayedtestofClass2Grade2()M-PaDttdtireanS化eviaionfSig.2ailed()differenceDifference-PretestDelaedtest.22.043.6613.513底y8947707=T.24.51.0.051t0.661ntI打able5化eP03and;hereveals也atnosiifican,()gnceex-differeistsbetweenthepretestandthedelayedtest.FromTable5.23wecan-alsoseethatthemeanscoreofthep化testandtheimmediatetestonlyhasa-=ttt4.4474tdiferenceof0.2895(themeanscoreofhepreesandhemeanscoreofthe’a=tetet4.1579.Hee化eresultdemo打strates1:hatstudentsknowledeofimmedis)nc,g'-thetargetrammarhasalsofallentothereteachlevelaweekstimelater.gp35 华北电力大学硕击学位论文5.ss.13AnalyiofGradeThreeForgradethree,thethreesetsofcomparisonsbetwee打theinductiveclassandthedeductiveclasswillberesentedfirst.pTable5.25GroupStatisticsoft:hepre,immediateanddelayedbstofClass(l)andClass2Grade3()TestclassNMeanSDSE*Pie化St1323.87501.12880.19955()2363.94442.12394.35399()Immediate1328.62501.89652.33526()test2366.19442.69199.44867()Delayedtest〇)326^6252.98315.527352366.08332.85232.47539()-Table.261打dee打de打tSamTt5letestofhereimmediate姐iddelaed1;estofpp,ypClasslandClass2Grade3()()--tSi.PretesFgtSig2tailed.()-.41Eualvariancesassumed648.03.16569q.8Es-qualvariancenotassumed.171.865-Immediatet;estFSig.tSig2tailed.()Eualvariancesassumed7.0q.842074.253.000Equalvariancesnotassumed4.340.000-DelayedtestFSig.tSig2tailed.()-.Eualvariancesassumed.000%9.6771q.50-Eualvariancesnotassumed.675q.502-Amonthethreesetsofcomarisonsthecomarisonoftheretestofthetwogp,ppparallelcl过sseswillbeanalyzedfirst.TheroustatisticsoftheretestT.2ttgpinable55showushemeanscoreofheptinductiveclassis3.875andthemeanscoreofhedeductiveclassis3.9444.The--independentsampleTtestofrtieretestinTable5.26tellsus化atthereis打0p=sig打ifkantdiferenceexistbetwee打化einductiveanddeductiveclassesfortheP<0二-0.869.05andrtiet0.165whichmeansthatthetaretrammarointcanbe()ggpchosenas化etestone.’Fortheimmediatetest,1;hemeanoftheinductiveclassis8.6250whichishiherg36 华北电力大学硕±学位论文thanthemeanofthedeductiveclass6.1944)aswecanseefromTable5.25.Andthe(=<=datainTable5P..t.26reveals化at化e0000005and化e4.340which瓜eans()exem**trelysig打ificantdiffeiencebetween1:hetwoclas化义Asaiesult,化eresultsofdatarovethatthei打ductivearoachhasbetterimmediateeffectonscorethanthepppdeductiveapproach.T=hecomarsonofdelaedtestdemo打stratedinTable5.26showthattePpiyh>t=-0ttts.5010.05andhe0.677whichmeanshat打osinificantdifeire打ceexis()gbetweenthetwoarallelclasseswhichmeansthatneitherthedeductivearoachnorppptheinductiveapproachhasbe行ereffectonkeepi打gthegrammarknowledelo打eringg,studentsmind.The打extourtables1tbl.bf:0beresenedseeTae527,Tale5.28Table5.29and,p(Tabe5-l.30arethecomarisonofteretestandtheimmete;estotetphpdia1fhinducive)-dassa打dthecomariso打oft1巧tttt.phere;eandhedelayed;esoftheinduciveclasspTable5.27GroupStatisticsofthereandimmediatet;estofClasslGrade3p()TestMeanNSDSEPre化St3.8750321.12880.1W55Immediatetest8.6250321.89652.33526-Table5.28PairedSamleTtestoftttCllpthereandimmediaeesofassGrade3p()M-PaireanStd.Deviationt.2tadfSigiled()differenceDifference---Pretest足Immediate化st4.750002.1402412.55531.000FromTable5.27andTable5.28wecanfindthatsignificantdiffere打ceexists-=<0=betweenthepretestandtheimmediatetestfortheP0.000(.05andthet)-ttt-12.555.Besides,themeanoftheimmediaeesismuchhigherthanthepretestwhichshowthatstudentshavemadebigprogressafterreceivingthegrammarteaching.Table5.29GroupStatisticsof化ereanddelaedl;estofClasslGrade3py()TestMeanNSDSEPre化St3.8750321.12880.1W55De.98.layed化St6.562532231552735T-able5.30PairedSamleTttt化tllp;esofhereanddelaedSofCassGrade3py()-PairMeanStdtt.2ti.DeviaiondfSig(aled)dfferenceDiferenceiP-D-249597-4retest足elaed化St.34931y.687503..00037 华北电力大学硕±学位论文Table5.29a打dTable5.30化11USthatsignificant过ifferenceexistsbetwee打the-=<=-化testand化edelaedtestfor化eP00.py.000.05and化et4349and化emean()’of-thedelayed化Stishigherthan化erekstwhichmeansthatstude打tsknowledeofpg,thetaretrammarointremai打sevenithasbee打aweekstimeafterthereceivinofggpgtheinductivewayofbaching.But1;hemeanofthedelayed1;estislower1:hanthe,t1tab527eanthattttttimmediae;esseeTle.whichmssudensmemorofheare()ygr撕imarhaslostsomewithoutKviewingg.Anoesare-therfourtablthecompariso打ofthepretestandtheimmediatet;estoft-hededuc1ttiveclassa打dthecomparisonofthere;estandthedelayedtesofthepdeductiveclass.Table5.31GrouStatisticsof1:hereandimmediatetestofClass2Grade3pp()TestMeanNSDSEP化化St3362.12394.35399.9444Immediatel:est6.1944362.69199.44867*-化Table5.32PairedSampleT1:esteeandimmediatetetofClss2ade3ofpisa()Gr-PairMeanStd.DeviationtdfSi.2tagiled()differenceDifference---Pretest么Immediatebst2.250002.739924.92735.000-Table5.31andTable5.32showsignificant北戸(6化11〇6existsbetweentheret;estp==and化eimmediatetestof化edeductiveclassfbr化eP0?0000.05and也et()--4.927andthemeanoftheimmediatetestis6.1944whichishigherthanthepretest.Theresults说eanthatstudentshavemadeprogressafterreceivi打g化egrammarteachingunderthedeductivearoach.ppTable5.33GroupStatisticsof化epreanddelayedtestofClass(2)Grade3TestMeanNSDSEPre化St3.9444362.12394.35399Delayedtest6.5625362.85232.47539Tab-le5.34PairedSampleTtestofthepreanddelayedtestofClass2Grade3()-Pa.i.dirMeanStdDeviatontdfSig2taile()differenceDifferenceP--retest底Delayed怡St2.138893.415533.75735.0005T-Table.34ttweenttt.33andable5alsoshowsi呂nificandifferencebe:heprees/二-化<0化=化and化edelaed化StfbreP0?000.05andet3J57whichmeansat也ey(), 华北电力大学硕±学位论文,memorofthetarg巧rammarknowlederemainsinstudentsmind.ygg5.1.4AnalysisofGradeFourAsusualthefbllowi打twotablesTable5.35andtable5.36willshowusthree,g()setsofcomariso打softhetwoarallelclassesofGradeFour.ppTable5.35GroupStatisticsofthepre,immediateanddelayedt;estofCla巧(1and)Class2Grade4()TestclassNMeanSDSEP化化St1163.87501.14746.28687().口164.0000216025.54006)Immediatetest1168.50001.96638.49160()2166.06252.6.694907373()Delayed^st(1)166.56253.03246.75812口166.18752.92617.73154)Table5.36IndependentSampleT4estof1:hepre,immediateandddayedt:estofClasslandClass2Grade4()()-P-rel:estFSi.t2tailedgSig.()ances-Equalvariassumed2.976.095.204.839E-qualvariancesnotassumed.204.840d-ImmeiatetestFSig.tSig2tailed.()uacesassumed2.455.1282.923.00Eqlvarian7Euavariancesnotassumed2.923.007ql-DelaedtestFSi.t2tailedygSig.()Equalvariancesassumed.001.978.356.724Eances打otassumed.356.724qualvari*Tab-Inle5.35化emeanscoieof1;heretestofclassoneis3.8750and1:he,p-ttttwo4.0tI.meanscoreofhereesofclassis00whichisslihlhiher.nTable536pgyg,=>=-tU)seet;t化eP0.839.5and化etwhich1;ellsusatthereiisclearha000.204化is(),nosini巧cantdifferencebetweenclassoneandclasstwo.He打ce1;hemas化roftheg,ytargetrammarofthetwoclassesisatthesamelevelwhichmeansthattherammarggcanbechose打tobebskd.Nextsetofcomparisontobeanalzedisthecomarisonoftheimmediate化Stofyp化'etwoaiallelclasses.InTable5.35wecanseediatl:hemean8〇〇化ofclassonep,39 华北电力大学硕±学位论文whichis8.5000ismuchhigh巧tha打themeanscoreofclasstwowhichis6.0625.二<=AndfromTable536wecaneasilndout化at化eP0.0070.05and化et2.923,yfi()whn^ichshowsthatthereissigificantdifferencebetweentheclassoneandclasstvvo.Hence,化eresultsindicate化at化eteachingapproachusedinclass0打ehasbeterimmediateeffectthanthet;eachi打approachu化dhiclasstwo.gThelastsetofthecomarisonresultshowni打Table5Tl.36thp.35andabe5ise*comarisonofthedelayedt:estofthetwoarallelclasses.ThemeanscoieshowninppTable5.35tellsthat1;hemeanscoreofclassoneis6.5625andtitlemeanscoreofclass6二=twois.1875.ThePP0.724>0.05andtt0.356showninTable5.36reveals化at()(),化ethedelayedt;estresultofl:hetwoclassesdoes打thavesig打ificantdifferencewhichmeansrtiatneithert;hedeductiveapproachnort:heinductiveapproachhasbettereffecto打theretentionofthetaretrammarknowlede.ggge5-Tabl.37andTable5.38belowwillshowusthecomparisonoftheretestandptheimmediatetestoftt.heinduciveclassofradefourgTable537GrouStatisticsofthereandimmediate化StofClasslGra.ppde4()TestMeanNSDSE*Pt.11.14.2ieest3875067468687Immediatetest8.5000161.96638.49160-Table5.38PairedSampleT1;estof化ereandimmediate1:estofClasslGrade4p()’Pi-airMeanStd.Devationt.dfSitailedg口,)D*differenceiffeience---Prelt&ttt1.3.11;esImmediaees947425338.巧915.000InTable5.37theretestmeanscoreofclassoneis3.8750andtheimmediate,p.ttl:estmeanscoreofclassoneis85000whichismuchhigherhanhemeanscoreof二<-diepretest.AndinTable4.38,化eP0?000(0.05)a打d化e8.579.ThePandthown-sinTable5.381l化ttdiftweent化ttt:elusaheferencebehepreSandheimmediae化Stisextremelysignificantwhichmeans化at1:heimmediate化Stresultisfarbetter巧化St化8111.化anl;he1;pThefoUowintablesseeTable5.39andTable5化ecg.40化11usomariso打of()p-tlattore化Sanddeedesf1:enductecass.pyhiivlTable5.39GroupStatisticsof化epreanddelayed化stofClass(l)Grade4TestMNSDSEPre化St3.8750161.14746.28687Delayed1:est6.5625163.30246.^81240 华北电力大学硕±学位论文*ea-Tabl5.40PiredSampleTtestof化epieanddelaed化StofClass(l)Grade4y-tMeanStd.Tes.DeviationtdfSig2tailed()differenceDifference.---Pretestelaedst2.6875033.02515.底Dyte.55375009Table5.Aswecansee.39showsusthemeanscoreandtable540tellsustheP,**andthet.Theie化stmea打scoreis3.8750andthedelayed1;estscoieis6.5625whichp=<=-ttPtt.025whichtel1ttJiisalitlebihiher.Andhe0.0090.05he3ls:haereisg(,)-sinificantdiferenceexistsbetwee打thepret;esta打dthedelayed1;est.Hencetheg,n^resultshows&atgrammarkowledgeretainedinstudentsmind.Nowlefstakealookatthecomarisonofreandimmediatetestofthe,pptiveclassofradefourseeTable5.41andTable5deduc.42.g()Table5.41GroupStatisticsoft;hepreandimmediate1;estofClass(2)Grade4TestMNSDSEPretest4.0000161.14746.54006Iediatetest6.0625162mm.69490.67373Tre-able5.42PaidSampleTtestofthepreandimmediatetestofClass2Grade4()-TestMeanSl:d.Deviationt.dfSig2tailed()differenceDifference.---Pretest&Immediatetest2.062502.839452.90515.011*It-tttnTable5t.41hemeanscoreofreesis4.0000andhemeanscoieofhe,p==化-immediatetestis6.0625.AndinTable5.42eP0.011<0.05化et2.905which,,()化11sthatthereissignificantdifference.Asaresult,thedataresulttellsusthatthe-tttttttimmediaeesisbeer化an化erees.pTable5.43andTable5.44belowshowusthecomparisonresultofthereandpdelayedtestofthedeductiveclass.Table543GrouStatisticsofl:heanddeaedl;estofClass2Gde4.prel()rapyTestMNSDSE*4Pie化S.0000161.14746.286t87Delayedtest6.1875163.30246.75812-Table5.44PairedSamleTtttt2G化d4p:esof化ereanddelaedesofClass()epyPiitit-arMeanStd.Devaon.dfSig2tailed.()diffe代neeDifference^--PreTest&DelaedTest21.18115.029y.875036822.4841 华北电力大学硕±学位论文ThecomparisonresultsshowninTable5.43a打dTable5.44化11USthatthemean*scoieofttheretestis4.0000andhemeanscoreof也edelayedt:estis6.1875whichp=<=-isstillhigherand化eP0.0290.05and化et2.418whichshows化at化ereis()-ttsireestandhede1Thttgnificantdifferencebetweenthelayed:estedaaresulsprovepmm,mthatthetaretraarknowlederemainins化dentsind.ggg5.1.5A凸alysisofGradeFiveAfter出后dataanalysisofgradefour,itistimetoanalyzethedataofgradefive.-Stillthecomarisonoftheretesttheimmediatetestandthedelaedtestofrade,pp,yg,fivestwoparallelclasseswillbeshownfirsti打thefollowingtwotables(seeTable5.45andTable5..46)Table5.45GrouStatisticsofthereimmediateanddelaedtestofsslandp,yClap()Class2Grade5()TestclassNMSDSEPretest(1)18.8889.96338.22707218.8333.98518.23221()Immediate1186.61113.61596.85229()化St2187.00001.60880.37920()Delaed化St1186.50003y.55213.83725()2186.55563.27598.77216()T5-化able.46Indee打de打tSamleTtestofttthereimmediaeanddelaedSofppp,yClasslandClassGrade5()口)--PretestFSig.tSig2tailed.()Eua..09.1qlvariancesassumed5094517.%5Equalvariancesnotassumed.171.865-Immedia化kst.t.:FSigtSig(2ailed)-Equalvariancesassumed22.073.000.417.679Euaarances-qlvi打otassumed.417.679De-layedl:estFSig.tSig2tailed.()-Eua.3.554.049.91qlvariancesassumed576-Equalvariancesnotassumed.049.961!^-Ftttt.F45weirsletsakealookathecomarisondataofthereestromTable5.,pp42 华北电力大学硕±学位论文,*cansee-that化emeanscoieofclassonesretestis0.8889andthemeanscoreofp,dasstwosis0.8333whichissHghtlylow巧.AndinTable5.46wecanseethat,the==**P0.861>0.05and化et0.171.ThePandtinTable5.46ieveals化at化eieisno()sini打cantdifferencebetweenthetwoarallelclasseswhichmeansthatthetatgprgerammarcanbechosenasthetestrammarforgradefive.gg了he打,thea打alysisisthscompariso打oftheimmediatetestbetweenthetwo,araecassesTae5showsusa:emeanscoreofclasso打esmmedtepllll.bl.45tht1hiiat:est,is6.6111andthemeanscoreofctwosedate化St7.0000.Tab5.46lassimmiisle二>=-showsusthattheP0.6790.05a打dthet.417whichisasi打of打0sinificant()ggiferencethatexistsbetweenthetwoclasses.Asaresultfromtheresudfltstt,ofhedaaweknowthatneithertheinductivearoach打orthedeductivearoachhasbetterpppp.immediateeffect0打scoreromthecomarisonresu1tsFpltsofdelayed;eshowni打Table5.45andTable5.46,weseethatthemeanscoreofclassonesdelayed1;estis6.5000andthemeanscoreof,-classtwosdelaedlti.TPtiT.40.91y:ess6.5556heandandnable56are6and0.049'esect.hllhaiifiiffiivelTePandtbsustt打osncantderenceexstsbetweethetIpyg打woclasses.The化fbre,neithertileinductiveapproachnort:hedeductiveapproachhasbeterimmedttttto打tetaretrammarow.iaeeffeco打heree打iofhggknledeg’,’Nowletscomareclassonesthreetestsandclasstwosthreetestssearatel,ppy.,’-Firstletscomarecit.Tlassonesret:estandimmedaetesthetablesTable57and.4,pp(Table5.48)belowshowusthecomparisonresult.Table5.47GroupStatisticsofthereandimmediatetestofClasslGrade5p()TestMNSDSE-Pre化St.888918.96338.22707Immediatetest6.6111183.61596.85229T5-able.48PairedSamleTttedtltCla5p:esof化己preandimmiae:esofss(l)GradeTes-tMeanStd.Deviationt.dfSig2tailed.()*?differenceDiffeience---PttImmedltest..77237.6417rees么ia:e572222311.000'T-able5.47showsus1htth1hetti0.8889and出emean;aemeanscoreof:pieessscoreoftheimmediatetest主¥6.6111whichisfarhigher.AndinTable5.48the,==<0-P0.000.05and化et7.641whcs化at化edifferenceeee(ihmeanbtwn也e),-p化testa打d化eimmediatet;estisextremelysinificant.Thecomarisonre如Ittellsusgp'/l;hatstudentshavemadereatroiessafterreceivintherammarteachingpgggg.43 华北电力大学硕女学位论文*andablebeowshowUShecomarso打resuof-Table5.49T4.50ltpilt化eie化stpandthedelaed化Stofclassone.yTable59GrouStatstcsof化ereanddelaed化StofHassGrade5.4piipyCl()—一TestMNSDSEI11P化化St.888918.96338.22707Det.51.1layed化S6000835523.83725edm-化SoeaedTable5化and1:的ofassr.50PakSapleTtf化epdlytCl(lGade5)TtMeanSi-estd.Devationt.dfSig2tailed.()*D*diffeie打ceiffeience---tDTt5PreTes&elaedes.61113.1086071y.6587.000*ComarintilemeanscoT.49wecantpgieinable5fi打dthathemeanscoreof-delayedtest6.5000)isstillmuchhigherthanthemeanscoreofthepretest0.8889.(()==<-And1PP..andtt.6nTabe5.50tttere;he(0000005)(758)ilshowshahis,extremelsinificantdifferenceexistsbetweenthetwotests.Asaresultstudentsyg,,-knowledgeof化etargetgrammarhas打tfallento化eretestlevel.pThefollowi打tablesseeTable5.51Table5.52Table5.53andTable5.54areg(,,),*two-thecomarsonsofclasssthreet:estsincludi打thecomarisonoftheietestpi,gpp*k-andtheimmediatestand1;hecomparisonof化epietestandthedelayedtest.Table5.51GrouStattt5pisticsof化ereandimmediateesofClassGradep口)TestMNSDSEPretest.833318.985181.2322Immediatetest7.0000181.6088037920T*able5.52PairedSampleT4estof1:hepreandimmediatetestofClass2Grade5()T-estMeanSl;d.Deviationt.dfSig2tailed()differenceDifference.--Pretest&Immediate化st6.1666715718.36517.424.000T5-Inab.51ttttttt_tle化emeanscoreof化etwo;esshereesand化目immediaees,(p)-are0.8333and7.000resectve.InTae5.52l:eandta00and1pilyblhPre0.08.365,ThP0000.05resectivel.e.issmallerthan0asaresult化ereisextremelpy(),,ysintitweenthetwotetc1tttstwo呂ificandfferencebesswhihmeans:hasudenofclass*化avemadeobviousroii化in.hiessafterrecevnerammarachpgggg*T5-able.53andTabe5.54showusomarsoniesutotete巧1l化ecpilfhreand;hepdelaedt:est.y44 华北电力大学硕±学位论文Table5.53GrouStatisticsofthepreanddelayed化StofClass2Grade5p()一TestMNSDSBIII|Pretest.8333185182322.98.1Delayed化巧6.巧%183.27598.77216Table554PaSameT-l:estoaneaettClss2Grade5.iredpf化ereddldesofalpy()Pa-irMeanStdDeviationt.dfSi2tailed.g()differenceDifference.*-化S-Pie化St么Delayedt5.722223.177237.64117.000-Table5.53showsthatthemeanscoreofthepretestis0.8333andthemean=scoreofthedelaedtestid65556Tab.54trtttt0.000y,.le5demonsaesushaheP*=-<005and化e1.TP.54.1;7.64heandtintable5化11sus化at化ediffeiencebetween)(-thepi:el:estandthedelayed1:estisalsoextremelysignificantwhichrevealsthatpartof,化etargetrammarknowledestillremainsinstudentsmind.gg5.2DiscussionFromtheaboveanalysistherearesomeresultscanbedrawn.InGradeone化e,,resultscanbeconcliKledasfollows:1bo1;happroacheshaveimmediateeffect0打(),improvi打gstudentssco:reaccordintothecomariso打ofthereandimmediatetestgppof也einductiveclassandthecomparisonofthepreandimmediate1;estofthe,deductiveclass2化edeductivearoachandinductivearoachsimmediateeffect;()pppponimrovinscoreisalmostthesames打cethecomariso打oftemmediatetestofpgiphiG^radeOnestwoparallelclassesshowednosignificantdifference;(3)neitherthetttttttinduciveapproach打orthedeductiveapproachhasbeereffeco打thereenio打ofhe’grammarknowledgesincethecompariso打ofthedelayedtestofGradeOnestwoparallelclas化sshowednosignificantdifference4therammarknowledecan;()gg,’巧mai打someinstudentsmindaweekstimelateri打theinductiveclassaswellasin化edeductiveclasssincethecomparisonsofthepreanddelayed化stofbothclassesshowedst.ig打ifica打differenceInGradeTwothe:resultsare:1boththeinductivearoachandthedeductive,()ppapproachhaveimmediateeffectonimprovi打gscoreaccordi打呂tothecomparisonofthereandimmediate化Stof也einductiveclassand化edeductiveclassresectivelppy;2)theindudiveapproachhasbetterimmediateeffectonimrovingscoreforthe(p,comparisonoftheimmediatetestofGradeTwostwoparallelclassesshowed45 华北电力大学硕±学位论文significantdifferencewhichprovedthattheimmediate化Stscoresoftheinductiveclassweremuchbetterthantheimmediaetescoresofthedeductiveclass3tts;()neithertheinductiveapproachnorthedeductiveapproachhasbettereffectontheretentio打oftherammarknowledeaccordi打化thecomarisonofthedelaed1;estgggpy,’ofGradeTwostwoparallelclasses4studentsknowledeof化etaretrammar;()ggg-化hasfallentothereteachlevelinbothclassesaccofiinthecomariso打oftherepgppanddelayedtestofthei打ductiveclassanddeductiveclass.TheresultsforGradeThreeare:1boththeinductiveanddeductivearoaches()pphaveimmediateeffectonimrovinscorebecausethecompariso打ofthepreandpgttttimmediateestofheinductiveclassandthecomparisonofthereandimmediaet;espofthedeductiveclassshowedsinificantdifference2theinductivearoachhasg;()ppbetterimmediateeffectonimprovingscoreforthecomparisonofGradeThreetwoaralecassshowedtttemmediatetestresultsofthenductiveclasswasbetterplllhahii*thanthedeductiveclass3neither化einductiveaioach打orthedeductive;()ppa*pproachshowsbettereffecton1:heiete打tionoft;hetargetgrammarknowledge’accordi打呂tothecomariso打ofthedelaedtestofGradeThreestwoarallelclasses;pyp’4*ttinbothclassesstudentsknowledeofthetarerammarieainedsome,ggg()*heaccording1:0thecomparisonoftheieanddelaedtestofthei打ductiveclassandtpydeductiveclass.AnddieresultsforGradeFourarettt:1bo:hheinductiveapproachandhe()deductiveapproachhaveeffectonimprovin呂scoreaccordi打gto化ecomparisonof化ereandimmediate1:estoftheinductiveclassa打dthedeductiveclassresectivelppy;2化einductiveisrovedtobe化ebetterwawi也betterimmediateeffecton()pyscttoft化ttetwoimprovingoreaccordingothedaeanalysistheimmediaesofhparallelclassesofGradeFour;(3)noneof化etwoapproaches(i打ductiveapproachanddeductivearoachshowedbettereffecto打the化t;entio打ofthegrammarpp),knowledeforthecomariso打ofthedelaedestofthetwoaralleltgpytlcassesdid打pshowandiffere打ce4both化ecomarisonsof化ereanddelaedtestof化ey;()ppytttttttinduciveclassandhedeductiveclassshowedhaherammarknowledeauhaggg,emaedtforiweekagormind1edeedtestscoteinductveandi打i打sudents;hlayreof:h^-deductiveclasseswasmuchhigherthanthere1:estscorewhichmeans&atstudentsp’-rammarknowt化1.gledgehasnfallen化ere;eachlevelpAst:oGradeFivet:heresultsare:1boththeinductiveandthedeductive,()aroacheshaveimmediateeffectonimrovinscoreas化ecomarisonoftherepppgppandimmediatetestofiftt:heinductiveanddeductiveclassesshowedsgniican46 华北电力大学硕±学位论文difference;2neithertheinductivearoachnorthedeductivearoachshowsbetter()pppp,immediateeffectonimprovingscoresince1;hecomparisonofGradeFivestwoaraeclassesas打0snifica打tdiffere打ce打oobvousevidenceshownomelllhi3ifr化pg;()compariso打ofthedelayed1;estofthetwoarallelclassestoshowthat0打ehasbetterpefectontheretentio打oframmarknowledebetwee打theinductivearoachandtheggpp,deductivearoach4studentstaretrammarknowlederemai打si打bothclassespp;()gggaccording1:o1;hecompariso打of1:hepreanddelayed化stofthetwoparallelclasses,Combini打gtheresultsofeachgradethatconcludedabovethefollowinasects,gpwillbediscussedsoastoanswer也euestio打sthatroosedi打Cha化rOne.qpppThefirstaspectis化emoreeffectiveapproacho打improvi打gscorebetween化ettrttttinducivearoachandthededuciveaoach.Fromheheresulslisedaboveitpppp,canbeseenthatbotharoachesareeffective0打imrovi打score.B山comarativepppglpy,化einductivearoachismoreeffective化an化edeductiveapproachingeneral,ppbecauseasdescribedabove,theioductiv己approachshowsbetterimmediat色effectonimprovi打gscoreinthreegradesGradeTwo,GradeThreeandGradeFouramo打也e()g巧ve.Moreovernoresutsromashowtttedeductvearoacltelfbovehahihhasber,ppt.Atwecanassumettttiimmediaeeffectsaresulhaheinducivewasmoreeffective,ythanthedeductvewaintheteachinoframmartorimarschoolstudents.iyggpyThesecondaspectisthepositiveandnegativeeffectsofthetwoapproachesin,化eCachingoframmartorimarschoolsUidentsofdifferentgrades.Firstl,letsgpyytakeaookaheositiveand打eativeeffectsthattheinductivearoachhav.ve打lttpgppeEh,化ou呂化ecompariso打化suitofGradeOnestwoarallelclassesshowed化atthetwoplmostthesamettt1taroacheshaveaimmediaeeffeco打scorehe:eacherfoundhatpp,^studentsintivecassweremoreCO打ce打tratedandi打teiestedaccordintoinduclg也eclassobservationwhib.Itveminutts化tsleachinnafbreslessonmosdeningy円,ttteacttti打duciveclasswerefocused0打hehi打gfromhebei打打inofhelesso打tohegg山*endandonlyabothreeorfoursUidentsweieabsentmindedforawhile.Butinthe*deductiveclassabouthalfs化dentsbeantoloseinteiestandbeantodadream,ggydurinthehalfof;.l.lhelessonSuchhenomenaisasotrueinradetwoStudentsomgpgfr*minductiveclassweieclearlyi打volvedl;heselvesmorethan化estudentsofdeductiveclass.Asaresult,inlowergrades,thepositiveeffectof也einductiveistogets1;iidentsmoreinvolvedanddraw也eiraUention.Basedonthisfact,the巧rsthypo比esisthatcameupi打ChapkrFourisconfirmedtobetrue.Nevertheless,the打egativeeffectofh,teinductiveapproachis化atstudentsmaygowildiftheteacherdoes打tcontrolthec.tilasswelldriatheteachinAsointedoustudentsareactveundertheinductiveyggp)47 华北电力大学硕±学位论文wayoflearning.Therefore,化e化achershouldguidestudents化化erightway化knowtherammarhenomenaononehand,andthet:eacherneedtoavoidtheclasstobegp化oactive化control0打theotherhand.Comparedwithstudentsoflowergrades,studentsofhighergradesaremorementallymatureandtheyarequieter.Andaccordintotheclassobservationtheteacherfoundthatthestudentswerefinewithg,bo1oodclassdisciline.A打dnoobviousdifere打cet;happroachesundergpshowthawhether化eindue巧vewayor化edeductivewayatractsstudentsatentionmore.Butstruettstudentsininductiveclassstamoreactivewhilestudentsneductveitihayididassaremoreassive.Asaresulti打hiherradestheositiveeffectofinductivep,gg,papproachistomakestudentsmoreactivera也er也anpassive.However,化e打egativeefectoftheinductiveapproachforhighergradesisthat1:heCachingtakesmuchmoretime.Thenefsndouttheositiveandneativeeffectsthattheuctivearoaclfidedh,pgpphave.Accordtrestseatetetsi打o化ecomarisonulof化immedisofallradeswecangpg,seethatthedeductivearoachhas打osecialadvantaeintheteachinoframmarpgg.ppgNev己rtheless,itcannotbeomitted化atduring化eteaching化eteacherfound化atit,wassimlerttttstttttp:oeachsudengrammarwihtihededuciveapproachandidid打aketheteachermuchtimetofinishthe1:eachi打of化erammar.Henceoneositive;gg,p,efectoft;hedeductiveapproachisthattheapproachmakesthe化achersworkeasier,-andtheo比eris化atthearoachistme.Butttppindeedisavingaccordingo也estudensclassroomerformancedescribedabove,wecanseo也atstudentsoflowerradesinpgdeductiveclassesareeasilyabse打tmi打deda打dstude打tsofhighergradesindeductiveclassesaremoreassiverather也anactive.Asaresult1:heneativeeffectofl;hep,g'deductearoachisthatitishardtoraisestudentslearnininterests.ivppgThelastaspectis化elongerretentionof化etargetgrammarknowledgebetweendheduti.thrimthhtheinductiveantdecvearoachesBeforeeexeenteothesisisppp,yp化attheinductiveapproachwillhaveadeeperinfluenceonlowerradesstude打tsandgstudentsofhiherradeswillmemorizetherammarmoreunderthethedeductiveofggg,化achn.Never化elesstheexerimentresultsdidntturnouttoso.Inteigbefac化,p,experimentresultsaboveshowed化anhewaysoframmarteachi打havelittletodoggfkwiththememorizationo化egrammarnowledgesinceasameresultexistsinall巧ve"radeswhichisneithertheinductivearoachnorthedeductivearoachshowsgpppp,,beUereffectontheretentionof1;heta巧etgrammarknowledge.Ifrtiewaysoframmar化achinarerela化d!ememoititthl;〇化rzao打ofherammaredeaedtestggg,y!resultsof化etwoarallelclassesofmostradeswillshowsinificantdifferencepgg48 华北电力大学硕±学位论文betweenthei打ductiveclassand化edeductiveclass.Howeverthecomarison化suits,p,didntshowanydifere打cei打thefiverades.SuchresultsmanifeststhatthewasofgygrammarCachingmayhavelittle化dowi化化ememorizationof化egrammarknowledgeinthisexperiment.Alli打all,inthissectionthedataof打veradesisanalzedanddiscussed.From,gythediscussionitcanbeseenthattheresultthatinductivearoachhasbeter,ppmmediateeffectonimrovinscoreineneralansweredthefirstuestionroosedipggqppt.Inadditionsuchresultrovedthatthefistho也esisnterinChaerOneiChapp,pypFourisnotaccurate.The打t;hediscussio打oftheositiveandneativeeffectsofthepgdeductiveandinductivearoachesansweredthefourthuestionroosedi打Cha1:erppqpppO打巳MoKoverthecassobservationmentionedinthedscusso打oftheosveandliiiti,p打egativeeffectsof化etwoapproachesshows化atstude打tsaremoreconcentratedduringtheclassininductiveclassandtheinductivearoachseemstobethemoreppacceptableapproachwhichanswered也esecondand也irdquestio打proposedinChaterOneandalsoroved也at化esecondhypo化esisaterFt.ppi打Chpourisrueh,However1;efact化at1:hedeductivearoachdidntshowa打sueriorittosUidents,ppypyofhighergradesi打化eexperimentshows化atthe化irdhypo化esisinChapterFourisnottrue.Atlasttheresultsaboveshowedthatthewaoframmarteachinghaslittle,ygtodowiththememorizatt.ionofherammarknowledegg/49 华北电力大学硕壬学位论文ChapterSixConclusionEverournehasitsdestinationthisStudwillalsocometoanendsoon.yy,yAndjtttinthisChaterhemaorfindi打softhishesiswillbelis1;edoutimlicaio打sforp,jg,p*grammarCachingwillbepiesen化dthelimitatio打softheresearchwillbeoi打tedout,pandsuest.ggionsforfurtherresearcheswillbeiveng6.1MaorFindinsjgBasedon化edataanalysisand化ediscussio打inChapterFive,化efallowingmaorfindinsare巧uredout:jgg(1)Theinductiveapproachhasbetterefectonimprovingscorei打theCachingofE打glishrammartorimaryschoolstudents.gp2Theclassobservationdemonstratesthattheclassinvolvementoft;he()tveassmuchbetertanedeductiveclassesecaowerrasinduciclisth化illi打lde,pygGradeo打eandGradeTwo.InadditionsUide打tsoftheinductiveclassarefar111〇巧(),concentratedduri打classandtheclassi打temctio打betwee打theteachera打dtheg,s1ttttthan1hSut:ude打sisbeerin化einduciveclassesin:edeductiveclasses.chwophe打omenaindicatethattheinductivewayofbachingismoreaccep1;ableandappropriatein化e化achingofgrammartoprimaryschoolstudents.3thei打ductivewaofteachingrthedeductivewaofbachNeithernoin()yygshowsanysueriorito打theretentionofthetaretrammarknowledewithoutanpygggyreviewingaccordintotheiresultsrevealedinChaterFivewhichmeansthatthewagpy,oframmarteachinhaslitle!:〇dowithstude打tsmemorizationoftherammargggknowledge,^4Studentsaemarelatealottothememorizationoftherammar()gygknowledgeaccordingtothisexperiment.Thecomparisonsoftheprea打ddelayedl;estoftheinductiveclassesofallfiveradesandcomarisonsofthereanddelaedt:estgppyof化edeductiveclassesofallfivegradesshowthatthestudentsofGradeTlueetoGF,radeivecankeepsomeoft:heknowledei打theirmindaweekstimelaterwithoutgreviewingbutsUidentsofGradeTwohaveforottenalloftherammark打owledeto,ggg*-thepieteachlevel.Eve打thoughsUide打tsofGradeOnealsokeptthegrammarknowledei打化eirmindaweeklater,化erammarointtestedfor化emistooeastoggpy,fbret?八saresult1ttttt!t;heassumionishasudentsaeisrelaed;〇herekntio打oft:heg,pg,grammarknowledge.Neverthelessitdoes打tmeanthat化eolder化emeihorizationis,50 华北电力大学硕±学位论文better.Scientificstudiesshowthatyoungerchildren,especiallychildrenundertheageofeightaregoodatmemorizing.But也eygetanobviousmemoryfeature,whichis""eastorememberbuteastoforet.Howevertoolderchildren化eirmemorcanyyg,,ytlonera打do打cetherememberitisnotthateasforthem:oforet.Asaresultlasgy,y1g,,olderstudentsmemoryismorestabletha打ounerchildrenwhichcanhel化em1:0ygpmemorizethetargetgrammarlonger.Alli打all,even1;houghbol;happroaches(i打ductiveapproachanddeductivearoachareeffectiveintheteachi打ofE打lishrammartorimarschoolstudentspp)gggpy,theexerimentalresultsshowthattheinductiveapproachisthe111〇化effectiveoneinpeneral.A打dilowerradesctivearoachseems!bemoitl打化eindu:〇resuabeforgg,ppstude打tsin化eCachingofgrammaraccording化化eresultsof化edataanalysis’ultsandthe;i.ilihihresteachersclassobservatonWhengergradesbol:haroaches,pparefeasibleundergoodclassdisciplineasthedataanalsisresultsreveal.Butystudentserformbetterundert;heinductivewaof化achin.pyg6.2ImHcatio打sfortheTeachingofEnlishGrammarpgAccordingtothemajorfindingsofthisthesis,theimplicationsfortheteachingofEnhshrammari打rimarschoolscanbeivenasfoUows:ggpyg1InlowerradesGradeoneandGradeTwo也einductivearoachisrior)g(),ppp(to化edeductiveapproachi打1:heCachingofgrammar.Studentsoflowergradesusuallylosetheirconce打trationeasilyduringclass.Asaresult,itwouldbebeUer1:ousetheinductivewayoframmar化achintoattracttheirattentio打andca化htheirg呂trestsiwaine.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatthenductiveapproachistheonlyythatteacherscanusetoteachstudentsoflowergrades呂rammar.Theteachercanalsousethedeductiveapproachandtheinductiveapproachconsecutivelyaccordingtothe’bachingcontentsandstude打tscomprehensio打ability.2InhiherradesGradethreeGradeFourandGradeFivetheteachercan()gg(,),chooseeithertheinductiveapproachorthedeductiveapproachflexiblyaccordintogcharact;eristicofthegrammar化be化ught.Becausestudentsofhighergradesarefinewithbothapproachesassoo打as化目classisunderooddiscilineaccordintothegpgclassobservatio打?Asaresult,ifag巧mmarpointis1;ootimeconsumingtouse化etroachioodtlessinducivearoach化edeductiveawllbeachoiceomake化eonpp,ppgclearandconcise.Butthetheau化orstiltlsuggestseachersusethei打ductiveapproachmoreoftenthanthededuCtiveapproachastheinductiveapproachismorein化ractive/thanthedeductiveapproachwhichcanmaketheclassmorelively.51 华北电力大学硕±学位论文(3)Theguida打ceisvitalwhe打化achingthegrammarpointwiththei打due巧vearoach.Iftheteachercannotuidecorrectlythestudentswillbeconfusedandppg,theywillobservetherulei打awrongway.Toavoid化is,itisagoodwaytomark化epartthatrepresentthegrammarhenomenawi化adifferentcolortohelstudentsppbeternoticetheruleandthe打eneralizeitoutcorrectly..g4Theafterclassreviewisverimortantastheexerimentshowed1:hat打o()yppmatterwhatwayoframmarteachinthestudentswillforgetsomeorevenallthegg,knowledge化atlearnedwithoutanyreviewinginaweekstimeeve打化ough化enductivearoachhasmoreimmediateeffectl;han1;hedeductivearoachipppp.63Limitationsof化eResearch*Sincenothiniserfectinthisworldt;heiearealsosomelimitationsofthisgp,study.Firstly,si打ce化etimeof化eexperimentislimited,thelongereffectsof化einductiveapproachandthedeductiveapproachcannotbetested.Seco打dly,onlystudentsof0打eprimaryschoolwere化s1:edwhichcould打ot*resenietsUidentsofallrimaryschools.Therefore化eresults化atetfrom化ispp,gexertttt.pimenarenoKpre化打aiveThirdly,也es化dentswereonlytes化daccordingto化egradethattheyareinwithoutconsiderin1;heirendercomrehen別bilitlearnininterestsandlearningg,py,ggabihty.6*4SuestionsforFurtherResearchesggForfiirtherresearches,thesuggestionsare;Firstlthetimeoftheexerimentcanbelannedlonertomakefurtherstestoy,ppgp-testthelontermeffectsoft:einductivearoacha打1;heeductvearoac.ghppddipphSeccmdly,theexperimentaltargetscanbestudentsofdiffere打tschoolstomaketltofiiheresustheexpermentmorerepresentatve.Th*ltttttirdtheexerimentcanbeconducedaccordinodiffeienasecsinseady,pgpof-0打oneasecttoetoveralleffectsthatt:heinductvearoacha打te过eductivelypgippdharoachhavet.ppinhe化achingoframmargTheabovesuggestionsgive打arebasedon化elimitationsoftihis化esis.*Hoefull化eabovesuestio打scanbeusefulandhelfulforfuilheriesearchesonpy,ggpdeductiveandinductiveapproachestoteachinggrammaratl;heprimarylevel. 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华北电力大学硕±学位论文-学研究3:79化,()錦王玉玲..,2010新课程理念下的小学英语语法教学[丹大连教育学院学銀[If56 华北电力大学硕±学位论文乂e凸dixITestsofGradeOnepp-Pre<:estName姓名:Class班缀:一、CircletherightpicUire1.car2.apples遊>?:誦邀3.books4.pencil場参矿/5Beds.d^iI..二、WrheVa打dX如1,.斷。g(,.…随2.chairs()3.pis()g4.ruler()57 华北电力大学硕±学位论文ImmediateTestName姓名:Class班级;一cethecture、Cirlrightpi1.bear.dolls2嚷圆圓國3rulers4.c打.p^已-资教i:.:5.cats圓^6二、WrUeVand^i1〇/、.纖.、1.es5.carsgg()()2^^book.()dogs()画door()58. 华北电力大学硕±学位论文DelaedTestyName姓名:Class班缀:一、Circle化erighticturep1.egg2,doors?.wJ獨岛3.chairs4.eraser'—'刺刺'-白jV一…誦剝揭w/',i,-^iTfirlrIfTr5.book鼻發二、WriteVandX■■Pm夢‘1.cat.n()5pe()2.beds()^^3.SbbE.2apples()...IMB..k,^||■4.doH()59 华北电力大学硕幸学位诲文AendixIITestsGradeTwopp?Pre-testName名:Class班级:姓一XWriteVandX.1.孤面(於)2.abook()3.猫()4.andog()5.acat()二、Circletherightanswer1.Iamaanstudent.(,)2.巧似患k(絶)虹曲3zoo.3.!h这V后(车猫)4.Youaoodbo.Me(an,)gy5.Myfatheris(a,an)doctor./60 华北电力大学硕±学位论文Immedia化TestName名:Class班级:姓一、WriteVandX1.airlg()2.anboy()3.aweek()4?碰()5*annose()二、CircletherightanswerIVSheisaanteacher.(,)2Hevesmeaanappevil.g(,)31haveaanencil.^,p()4.MissGreenisaanulwomen.(,)gy5.Thereisaanbiorane.(,)gg61 攀施电力大学硕±学位唆文_DelayedTestName鍵名:Class班级:、WriteVandX1.aneye()2.aofas()3.aniertg()4泣?()5.antable()二、CircletherightanswerKThisisaanEnlishbook.(,)g2nGivemeaanbanana.(,)3>Looka,ancar.,()4、Ttiisisaane.(,)gg5、an)orange.62 华北电力大学硕±学位论文乂ppendixIIITestsofGradeThreePre-testClass班级Name姓名?判断对错,。橫线上的说法正满吗如果正确请打勾如果不正确请打叉。1lstut.isaden.()2.HeisTom.()3.Sheare11yearsold.()4.Youamood.g()5I10..earsold巡y()6.Shejsairl.g()7.You巡mygoodfriend.()8.Hemykacher.()91.areabo.y()10?YouasUident.()/63 华我电力大学硕±学位绝文M9BBes8eess9aM^H^Haaas=i^Bss=sa9Bea^sss=9Bs=9iBBBesBB^anB^^9Bessi^B^B9ImmediateertTi请在横线上填上正确的词;am,is或者arel.IKit.y2.Sh@贫St访lent3.Ycmadoctor.4.H?inShanghai.5.Peter6.Sheathome.7.IAnne.8.SheLinglin.g9.Iairl.g1化戒Tom./64 华北电力大学硕±学位论文DelayedTest一.判断对错?如果正确请打勾,如果不正确请打叉。。横线上的说法正确吗1.Itisacat.()2.HesJack.i()3t..Shearcmysiser()4.Youaregreat!()5.1amMary.():am二.请在横线上填上正确的词isare,或者Heatschool打ow.1.2.1inthezoo.3.Shebeautifial.4.Itaen.p.5.Youaoodstudentg)65 华北电力大学覆±学位论文MeMB=9BaBSaan999asaBMMBBaSSaeB=SS=SaSiKSBB^=SSSSSSSSSBB^BBaBSSSSBAppendixIVTestsofGradeFourPre-test用括号内的词的正确形式填空。1.Fredis(short)thanme.h’2.Mbookisnew)tanmsisters.y(y3hisMuebaiheavthanthe过fewb..Ts()fyy雄 ̄4.Herruleislong)thanmyruler.(5.Canouumphihthanme?yj(g)’6.A防setreeisntshortthanae扣tree.()p7.MarcannmfastthanJmk.y()8.IsLuc(old)thanou?yy9.Whichisbig,adinosaurorabluewhale?()10.Mfatheretsuearlthanme.ygp(y)66 华北电力大学硕女学位论文ssssssasBas^=s^SBs=ss=a=^a^=s==sa=55Ss=s^^^=^^=5=^^^^=sssssImmediateTest用所给动词的正确形式填空。sonth^ikeKJohnistrM.(g)2、To抑is120cm.Jackis(tall)thanhim.3、Mmothercooksomenicefoodnow.y()4nJanxmiseoldthanOctober.y()5、加ishotthanMa.()yy6^TTietrainisfastthanthecar.()7>Theirlisuietthanthebo.g(q)y8、Thisroomisbithanthatroom.(g)9、Thisuestioniseasy)thanthatuestion.q(q^!0、M〇化郑looksounthanMaisMom.y瓜(yg)y/67 华化电力大学巧±学位论文0elayedTest请写出下列形容词的比较级形式。hsmallmv/^py础sh诚oldwe沁stronfatghotcoldthinnicehighlow—lowcheapeasybrihtlaieg^y68 华北电力大学硕±学位论文乂ppendixVTestsofGradeFivePre-test用所给动词的正确形式填空。,1.NancyandIcantgoout!Becausewearewashourclothes.()2.MyfatherwatchTVin化ebedroomnow..()ME打lish.3t:eachertalktoLil.See?yg()y4walkhome..1打ow()5..Bequiet.Theybabsleey(p)6..Weeatourlunchnow()7.Look!Itrain.()Whatismybrotherdoing?He(lisb打)t:omusic.9'’.Its5oclock.Weaintnow.()p10.Lookhecleanthewindows.,)(/69 ImmediateTest用所给动词的正确形式填空。KTheboydrawaicterenow.()p■irisiGbesroom2、Listen.Soiaes(n邑脚the.g3、My孤otter(eooksoiasmcefoodnow.)4、Ireadabookriht岛ow.()g*?.5、Look.Theyum.(jp)Theboys(play)basketballnow.7、Look!theirls1狐hknidlintteclassroom.g(g)y8、Hurr!Motherwait.y()9、Theteacherlookatherstudentsanrilatthemoment.()gy10、Marydohomeworknow.()■/70 华北电力大学硕±学位论文DelayedTest根据中文意思,正确使用括号内动词填空。1、爸爸正在查邮件。Fa-theremails,check)(2!T。、看om正在玩儿LookTom.la,y(p)3、他正在工作。He?work()4、我正在洗澡。-Iser.how()5、妈妈正在看电视。MomTV.watch()6、Amy正在学英语。AmEnl,yishleamg()7。、小宝宝正在哭了hebaby.cry()8、他们正在唱歌。了hey.sing()9、Mary正在向Lucy大声喊叫。MaryatLucy,shout()10、老师正在上课。了he化acher.teach()7! 华北电力大学硕±学位论文PaperspiibUsbedhi化eperioddfMAeducation龙娇..n],牛跃辉英语自然拼读与汉语拼音字母会混淆吗?阴科技信息,20132:220.()"".英语语法分龄段.网友世界巧牛跃辉,龙娇教学小议内,20-1313:118119.()龙娇.,牛跃輝高校公共外壌大巧教学存在的问遺与对策[巧语文学刊,-20-1411:126127.()72 华北电力大学硕±学位论文AcknowledementsgManypeoplehelpedmewi化thewritin呂ofthisthesis.Withouttheirhelp,thist.Iwouliketoexressittoallhesiswouldneverbeaccomplishedldpmysncerehanksof化emfbruidinmesuortinmeandinsirinme.,ggppgpg*NFirstandfoiemostIwouldliketothankmsuervisorProfessoriuYuehui,yp,,whocareuandatientlinstructedmeduritheconductiofihifllynnthstess.ButforpygghisuidanceIcouldnotaccomlishthisthesissuccessfully.Iamalsoindebtedtog,pProfessorDai之ho打gxi打,ProfessorGuoFanga打dProfessor民enHuli打fortheirusefulsuggestio打s0打thewriti打ofthisthesis.Itistheirbeneficialsuggestio打sthatreatlggye打lihtenedmeo打thewriti打ofthisthesis.Inadditio打rdliketotha打kalltheothergg,rofessorswhoalsoeducatedanduidedmedurinmstudi打NorthChinaElec化icpggyyPowerU打iversit.TheareProfessorZhaoYushanProfessorJinPensunProfessoryy,g,MaTiechuanProfessorChenHuilian,ProfessorLvLianiuandProfessor,ggqHuangpuWeiandsoon.Theirrigorousattitudetowardsleamin吕andteachi打gdeeplyengravedinmyheart,whichIshouldleammywholelife.Th^e打IwanttoexpiessmyheartfulthankstotheheadmasterandEnglishteachersofBeiinXinxinmarschoolwhorovidedreathelfbrmewhenjgpriypgpCO打ducti打gthebachinexeriment.Itiswkh1;heirhel化atl;he化achi打exerimentgpp呂pwasconductedsmoothlyandsuccessfull.yBesidesIwouldliketoexressthankstomdearclassmatesandfriendswho,py,gavemeenerousandCO打tinuousencouraeme打tandsuort.ggppLastbutnotleast,Iwanttoexpressmygratitudetomybelovedfamily,whoofermeloveandsupportallthetime.73