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学校代码:10052aJrIjT学号:SY140819.##_Jt謗I’纖个决氏游欠聲专业硕±学位论文情景教学法在柄中其语语法教学中的卖戏研苑AStudon化eAlicationofSituationalTeachingAroachypppptoEnlishGrammar虹stmctioninJuniorHihSchoolgg姓名:王庆指导教师;朱小琳武学志学院:外国语学院专业;学科教学(英语)2016.05.15完成日期:
学位论文使用授权书根据《中央民族大学关于研究生学位论文收藏和利用管理办法》,我校的博±、硕±学位获得者均须向中央民族大学提交本人的学位论文纸质本及相应电子版。本人完全了解中央民族大学有关研究生学位论文收藏和利用的管理规定。中央民族大学拥有在《著作权法》规定范围内的学位论文使用权;(1),即学位获得者必须按规定提交学位论文(包括纸质印刷本及电子版);(2)为教学和科研目的,学校可W将公开的学位论文作为资料在图书馆等场所提供校内师生阅读等服务;(3)根据教育部有关规定,中央民族大学向教育部指定单位提交公开的学位论文;(4)学位论文作者授权学校向中国学术斯刊(光盘)电子出版社提交规定范围的学位论文及其电子版并收入相应学位论文数据。。库,通过其相关网站对外进行信息服务同时本人保留在其他媒体发表论文的权利本人承诺:本人的学位论文是在中央民族大学学习期间创作完成的作品,并已通过一论文答辩,良后果由;提交的学位论文电子版与纸质本论文的内容致如因不同造成不本人自负。本人同意遵守上述规定。(保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权书,本论文:保密,□保密期限至年月止)、作者暨授权人签字:王民^20台年《月风曰/学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师指导下进行研巧工作所取得的研究成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本学位论文的研究成果不包含任何他人创作的、已公开发表或者没有公开发表的作品的内容。对本论文所涉及的研究工作做出贡献的其他个人和集体,均己在文中W明确方式标明。本学位论文原创性声明的法律责任由本人承担。学位论文作者签字:王哀20/^年知私?曰I
摘要语法教学在我国初中英语教学中扮演着相当重要的角色。但是传统的英语语法教学大多是填鸭式教学模式开展的一定程度上,这样的教学模式在导致了费时低效的语法教学现状一步。而随着情景教学法的理论与实践的进成熟,有关情景教学法在中学英语课堂,特别是英语口语的课堂的应用与实践的研巧越来越多。但是关于情景教学法在英语语法教学课堂的应用与实践研究,特别是在巧中语法课堂上的研究却寥寥无几。因此对于情景教学法在初中英语语法教学中的实践研究是十分有必要的。所W,本研究将从理论和实践两方面对情景教学法在初中英语语法教学中的应用进巧探究。文章的引言部分主要简单介绍了有关情景教学法与英语一语法教学的研究现状,化及本文的研究意义。在论文第章,笔者在通过大量阅读与情景教学法相关的书籍与论文后,提出了将情景教学法融入初中语二一个具体的研究设计法教学中的有效策略。第章是本研究的。第H章着重讲笔者设计的语法实验课一:本研究将结合情境教学法的实施策略设计堂情境语法课,并在湖南省岳阳市甘田乡中也学校初中二年级两个班级进行教学实验。第四章是关于实验数据与材料的分析,从实践上论证情景教学法在初中英语语法教学中应用的影响与作用。最终得出如下的结论;1.结合情景教学法在初中英语语法课堂的应用具有可行性。2.情景教学法在初中英语语法教学中的英语能有效地激发学生们学习语法的兴趣。3.有效的情境的创设和运用对初中英语语法教学有推动作用,学生的n
英语语法学习效率更高。关键词:情景教学法,英语语法教学,教学策略m
AbstractGrammarteachingplaysanimportantroleintheEnglishteachinginJuniorHihSchool.gHowever,thetraditionalEnglishgrammarteachingwasmainlycarriedoutwiththecrammingstemwhichKsultsnetime-iramrnli巧ithconsuminandineficientEnlshmateachicassn,ggggJuniorHihSchool化someextent.Whilewi化thefurtherdevelomentofthetheotyandgppracticeontheSTAmoreandmoreresearchesfocusonthealicationoftheSTAtoEnlish,ppg"class的eciall化theoralEnlishclass.Howevertherearefewiesearchesonthealication,pyg,ppoftheSTAinEnglishrammarteachininJunior巧hSchool.Therefore,itiseissential化gggconductastudyonthealicationoftheSTAinEnlishrammarteachininJuniorHihppggggSchool.Sothisstudwillresearchandexlore化ealicationof化eSTAinEnlishrammar,ypppggteachinginJuniorHighSchoolfrombo化化e化eoreticaland化epracticalaspects.TheintroductionofthethesissimplytalksaboutthebackgroundoftheSTAandramm扣teachingg"aswellasthesinificanceofthisstud.InChaterOnetheiesearcherwilltrtoutforwardgyp,ypseveralefectivestrategiesonhow化integratetheSTAwiththeEnglishramnmrteachinggclassafterreadingandresearchinlotsofthetheoreticalbooksandthesisrelated化theSTA.gChapterTwowillpresenttheresearchdesignofthisstudyindetail.InChapterThree,theresearcherwillfocusontheexperimentalrammarclassdesinedinthisstud:thisstudwillggyydesignanexperimentalrammarlessonbasedonthestrateiesroosedatthebeinning,andggppgfinallycarri的out化eexerimentalrammarlessonintwoclassesofGradeTwoin化eCentralpgSchoolofGantianinYueanHunan.InChaterFourthe巧化archerwilldiscussandyg,,panalze化edataandmaterialscollectedfrom化eexerimentandexloK也eteachinyp,pgeficiencyofthealicationoftheSTAinEnlishrammarteachininJuniorHihSchoolppggggfromtheracticalasects.Finallthefollowinconcluionshavebeenmtheendof化eppy,gsadeatstudy:1.Theexperimenton化eapplicationoftheSTAto化eEnglishgrammar化achinginIV
JuniorHihSchoolturedtobefeasible.g2.Theapplicationof化eSTAinEnglishrammar化achininJu打iorHihSchoolcanggg'efectivelystimulatea打darousestudentsinterestsinlearni打E打lishrammarggg3.Thedesignandapplicatio打ofspecificandvividsiUiatio打scanhelp化e化achercarry*outanE打lishrammarbachinclassmeanwWlestudentscanlearn化erammarinamoiegg,g,gefectiveway.Keywords:STA,Englishgrammar化aching,化achi打gstrategiesV
Conkiits1IntroductionChaterOneEfectiveStrategi的oftheApplicationofSTA_12p11SitutiCreatinasedonConcreteObects12.aonsgBj1.2In-classInstructionalGamesDesigning131.3InductiveSentencePatterns1511.4ComparativeSituations6ChapterTwoResearchDesign182.1ResearchObectives18j2.2ResearchSubects19j2.3ResearchInstruments212.3.1uestionnaires21Q2.32ObvationinClass22.ser233Inerview23..t2.3.4Test242.4dure.ResearchProces..25ChapterThreeInstructionalDesign271re-lrearation327.PcassPp3.1.1BasicInformationoftheTestedStudentsandTextbook273.1rkBreheCla28.2Wosefotss3.2ClassImlementationp293.2.1TeachingDesign29.inractice32.2Teachg29P3.3AssessmentAfterClass30ChapterFourResultsandAnalysis32.ifhires41DataAnalssoteuestonnai32yQ-24.1.1ResultsofthePrequestionnaire3VI
4-36.1.2民esuhsofthePostuestionnaireq4.2Dataist38AnalysofheTests4.3AnalysisoftheClassroomObservation4044er1.AnalysisofthIn化view4Conclusion43References45Apendices48pPe-sAppendixIrquetionnaire48Aend-50ppixIIPostquestionnaireAppendixIIIPretest52VPo-AendixIsttest54ppAppe打dixVIrrterview56AendixVITeachi打Desinin57ppgggAppendixVIITeachingProcedureDesigning60Appe打dixVinReportCardofClass165AppendixIXReportCardofClass267Acknowledgments69AcademicAchievementsoftheAuthor70vn
IntroductionGrammarTeachingGrammarmeanstherulesinalanuaeforchanintheformofwordsandointhmgggginejgA-intosentences.HombS.Duetothorientededucationi打Chi打alih.887eexamEns(y,,),gmo"lanuaeteachininJuniorHihSchoolasieattentiontotheEnlishrammarnd化eggg.Agpygg*mesecondlanuaeiesearchersthodoloistsandractitionershavecommented化atgg,gprammailmisilformmunicai.tcacoetenceessentacoton.(BrownHD.218Therearemangp,,)ydefinUio打soframmar.Butaccordin化WanianinUnuisticsrammaristhesetofgggQg,g,gstructuralrulesgoverningthecompositionofclauses,phrases,andwordsinanygivennaturallanguage.Thevalueoframmarinforeinlanuaeteachinhasbeenafocusofdebateforgggggdecadesandthefocusofthedebatehasbeenontheroleoframmarinlanuaeteachinandggggthemethodsinwhichgrammarshouldbepresentedandracticed.(WangQian102)pg,Althoughtherearemany出fere打toinionsabouttheroleand化eimortanceof化erammarppg,teachi打gi打Englishlanguageteaching,itcantbedeniedthatgrammart:eachingisofreatgsignificanceinEnglishteachingandlearning,andmo巧researchershaveagreedthatthereis泣ositiveroleofinstmctio打forrammarteachi打.ForexamleHinkelandFotsarue化atpgp,ogggrammarteachingcanenhancelearnerproficiencyandaccuracyandfacilitatethenalizaionofis打cticm.di打an103iternttsytasy巧e(qt.Wg,)Nation幻IEnlishCurricuhimStaru&misorJuniorHihSchoolreues化thatstudentsingfgqJuniorHighSchoolshouldlearnandmasterthebasicEnglishknowledgeandskillsincludingpronunciation,vocabulary,grammar,flmctio打sandtopics.Basicknowledgeisanorganicpartnfndofthelanuaendithimrtatoundationinultivatintrininthbasiluaegg,asepocgaaecangggskillsinEnglishlearningaswell.Therefore,EnglishgrammarisanintegralpartofEnglish.Andaccordingtothe化w幻/怎>化诚Cwr/cw/wwStandardsorJuniorHihSchool,theaims巧fgofEnlishteachinandlearai打inJuniorHihSchoolhasalreaddividedintoni打eradesggggyg,andtheaimforgrammarteachingistoensurethatstudentscannotonlym贫巧erandthe打usetheEnglishgrammar,butalsoexpresstheiropinions,attitudesandemotionswithcorrectrammarg.1
Thecurrentsi化ationof化erammarCachininJuniorHihSchoolmainlyincludestwogggrt^,as:thestudentscognitionofgrammarlearningandtheteacherscognitionoframmarpg化achin.Wheth巧化estudentsattach化eimortancetorammarandareiiUeres化dingpg*grammarorwhetherl;eachersfocuson化erammarinclassandexlain化eiammarclearl,gpgywillclosely1;ouchwil:h1:hequalityoframmarkachin.From化easectsof1:hestudents,1:heggp,resultsofsomeresearcheshassuggested化atsl:udentsinterestsinlearningEnlishrammarggaredecreasedwi化比egrowthof呂rades,butl;heystilltakemoret:hanhalfofthetimethattheysend-learnnEnlishtolearnrammar.iaoian69ccordinttheiniggJAndaopg(Q,)guestion打airesmoststudentsdisareewiththerese打tatternoframmarteachinwhichq,gppgg,maybeoneofthereasonsthatwhythestudentshavelessinl:erestsinrammareve打i打Enlish.ggHowever,becauseofthepressureoftheentranceexami打ationforseco打daryschool,studentssthavetose打dmuchtimeonrammarlearninandractices.Whilemost化arsbelieveillpcheggp化atrammarcanplayadecisiveroleinEnglish化St,sotheyhold化atbasicgrammargknowledeisesse打tialforstudentsbutitisunnecessartosendmuchtimei打exlaining,yppgrammarncass-Meanwigil.iao913hilebor打anddific山tastherammarisitishardfor(Q,),gg,teacherstoorganizeavivida打dvigorousclassso化atrammarteachinclassesareallin化eggsamepattern.Obviously,notonlythestudentsbutthe化acherdislike化etraditionalgrammarteachi打gclasses.SituationalTeachinAroachTAgpp巧)Situatio打alTeachi打呂AroachSTAorSituatio打alLanguaeTeachingSLTisasimlebutpp()g()pefectiveedaogici打theE打lishteachi打grocedure.Throuhthisteachinmethodolopggpgggy,teachersurposefullintroduceorcreatevivid过ndsecificsee打essuchassomesee打江riospyp,dislainstronandrichemotionandsomeactivitiesbasedontheconcretematerialstopygg,reso打atetothereallifeandexistinexperie打cesof化estudentsandconseuentltohelg,qyp巧udentsunderstandthe化achingmaterialsandgainthementalgrowth.Thecoreof1;heSTAistostimulatestudentsemotionssosi化ationallanuaeCachinustrefinesandrocessestile,gggjpreallifeorcreatesamocksocialscenetoinfluencestudentsemotionalfunction.STAmainlyintegratethe化achingcontentsintovividandspecificsituationstopresenttheknowledge,’suchasdramaticdescritio打wi化1:eachersia打uaerolelain化eareciationof化epgg,pyg,pp2
music,classroomgames,mocktourismandsoon,andalltheseactivi巧esarebasedonthe^specificscenesandmayhaveexertedasubtleinfluenceonstudentslearnin.gThesituationallanguage化achingmeansbasedo打thesituationalteachingmaterialsandtheories,teachersdesign1:eachingactivitiesandtaskstoconstru巧thecontextinorderto^achievetheteachingtargets.Teachersgettheutmostoutofcontextrelatedtostudentsdailyiiifmdli托and化endesignorcreatevivdstuatonsfor化6sakeoakingthestue打tsaccesstoEnglishandapplyEnlishwhh化edevelomentof化eirhsicalandmental.iMin13gppy(Qg,)"FewlanuageteacherstodayarefamiliarwiththetermsOralApproachorsituationalglanuae化achinwhichrefertoanaroach化la打uaeteachi打develoedbBritishggg,ppgggpy"aliedlinuistsfromthe1930s化the1960s.JackC.RichardsTheodoreS.Rodgers2003ppg(;,;36HaroldEdwardPalmerandAlbertSydneyHornbaretwooftheleadersofthismovement.)yFromthe1920s,Palmer,Hormbyandotherappliedlingui巧satempted化抗rmallydevelopa-wscienti巧callyfoundedapproachtoteachingEnglishandthereis泣tendencytoardsdeve*lopi打gsystematicprinciplesofselectionradationandiesentaticnofmaterials化^gplanuaeleamers.i13Andthiseneral打cilewasreferredtotheOralAro.IntheggQ,)gpripppach(60s,GeorgePitma打,oneof化emo巧activeproponentsof化eOralApproach,andhiscolleaguestaketherespons化ilityfordeveloinaninflue打tialsetofteachinmaterialsbasedpggo打thesituationalapproach.Andinthesixties,thetermofsiUiatio打wasu巧dincreasi打glyinn*referri化theOralAroachandtheieisanemhasisontheteachindesinthatteachersgpp,pgg浊ouldintroduceandresentlanguagepoi打tssituationally.Then化esituationallanuaepggtc&chi打gcameintocommo打us&6.gSTAme-WhileinChinaisasecialteachinthodoloraisedbthesecialclassteacher,pggyypLiJfwhichiilinbyacertainlivelyandspecficsettinisonurosecreatedthe打adotedb,gpppyteachersduringteachi打rocedures.WhatisworthmentiomnisMasterTeacher化wellasgpgthedistinuishedchildhoodeducatorLi化1记.Itisshewhobean化exloretheefectiveg,gpwaystocarryouttheChineseda巧withvariedandvividsituationsfromthe1978.Shemadegreatachievementsinarisingtheattemtsandcarrinouttheexerimentso打interatinpygpggChi打eseteachinwkhsituationswhichmarked化ebeinninofresearcheson化e化eorandg,ggyracticeof化eSTA.Andi。1990LiJili打raduallintroducedtheadvancedteachinp,gygmethodoloandteachinmodelsofSTAintoallthesubectsandreformedthewholegygj,3
teachingmodelactivelytocarryoutsituatio打alteaching,especiallyinChinese,MusicandEtnl.sween化rpcenUrtertandslaeconce打tratonishclassA化e2iheexschorsaringy,pgre化archingthe化eoriesof化eSTAdesininanddeveloinl;heclasseswi化skuationsand,ggpgcarrinout化esiUiationaleducation.ThesUuationaleducationisho打oredas化ecurriculumygparadigmimplicating化ewisdomof化eOrientaleducation,andisonbehalfoftheChineseeducationtorespon化to化etre打dof化edevelopmentofworldeducation.(FengWeidong&WanYiin1ThusSituatio打alEducationenosreatoularitinclassesandSTAalsogqg,),jygppybecomesacrucialteachi打me1:hoddurintheteachi打rocedures.gggpTheoriesofSTAInteractionbetweenemotiona打dcognition.Accorcli打gtothepsychologicalresearch,’*ersonalemotionscanmotivateadusteven如enthen化elearnersconitiveactivities.p,jggPositiveattitudea打demotionalwayscanmotivateandpromotetheinterestsi打study,whileneativeandindiferentemotio打willhaveanimpeditiveefect0打conitiveactivities.STAggmainlyarousesositiveandhealthyemotionalexperiencesinbachingproceduresoitcanp,,raisestudentsenthusiasminlearninandmake1;hestudbecomeaoflil1hin.gyy:STAjgcombineshumanemotio打sandcognitio打togethertomakethestudentsacquireknowledeinganeasyandcomfortableenvironment.Cognitiveintuitionism.STApaysmuchattentiontothecognitiveintuitionism.Itusesthe化eoryofreflection,whichrefersto化ehumani打nerreflectionsto化esubectiveworld.Thej’worldcomesin化studentsconsciousnessthrouht:heimaessohumanconsciousnessmeansgg,thereflectionofthewholeworld.Similarlthesituationsin化eSTAarethehelfuly,penvironme打twhichareCO打sciouslysetbyhuman,optimizedbyeducatorandisbeneficialtothedevelomentofs化dents.Governedb化e化acherandlacintihemselvesinthissiUiationpypg,stude打tswillarticiateinthestudwi比reatenthusiasmandainthedirectknowlede.ppygggSimilarityrincileofthinkinscience.Asthebasicri打cileofSTAsimilaritrincileofppgpp^yppthinkingsciencereflectstheidentitofobectsanditalsocalledtilerincileofuniversalit.yj,ppyImaesaretothesituationwhatentitiesareto化eworldsoitisobvious比at化eimaesing,gsiUiationsmusthaveeuivalententitiesinreallife.Moreover,whensetting化esiUiationsinqCachingprocedure,imagesinsituationsshouldbeconsis化ntwkh1;hecognitionofstudents.4
Suitablesituationsmayprovidemoreimagesforthestudentswiththeuroseofincreasinppgtheirknowledge.Consciousmentalactivitiesandunconsciousmentalactivities.Consciousmentalactivitiesrangeoverall化ementalactivitiesthatthesubectcanberealizedfromtheobectsjj,nisciiimainii打clu出nconsciousfeelisconscousmemorCO打ous打oticesconscousatons,,ggy,g,andconsciousexeriencesandsoo打.Howeveritis泣itthatalthouhthearerichandp,pygyvariednsciousmentalactivitiesstillcannotfinishthemissionofknowinadatinand,cog,pgremarkinthenature.Wkhthedevelomentofschicsmoreandmorescholarsbegi打化gp,pyatachimortancetotheunconsciousmentalactivitiesforthecanconizetheobectsandp,ygjgatherexperiencesinsensibly.Corresponding化theconsciousme打talactivities,unconsciousmentalactivitiesincludeunconsciousfeelings,unconsciousmemory,unconsciousnotices,imco打sciousim泣i打泣tionsandunco打sciouscxeric打cesandsoo打.了heconitivefunctionofg,pgunconsciousmentalactivitiescanacto打化ehumancognitio打activities姐rectly,sothetentialitofunconsciousmentalactivihen姐打bleerinherhoitstisesaentoc的sofumanpyypgypconition?了hus化eaimof化eSTAistomobilize化econitive扣打ctionofunconsciousg,gmentalactivityasmuchasossibleandthentoaintheunitofconsciousmentalactivitandpgyyunconsciousmentalactivity.Un-rificationofintellectivefactorsandnonintellectivefactos.Astheconitiverocessgp,ndnon-teachingprocedurehasunifiedboththeintellectivefactorsaintellectivefactors.Teachi打gisaspecificsituationofinterpersonalcomnumication,andinthissituation,therearetwointertwinedcommunicatio打s.Oneisthecommimicationb泣sedontheknowledetheg,otherisafectiveinteractio打accumulatedi打化achingandleami打gactivkies.Theinformationofknowledecommunicationisteachincontentwhiletheinformationofaffectivegg,commumcationscomesfromtheemotio打aldevelopmentsbetweenteachersandstudents.Thesetwotypesofcommunicationinteractanddependoneachother,andthequalityofteachingactivitiesmu!5tdeclinenomaterwhichcommu打icationisigno巧dduringteachingrocedureThereforewewillobtainideal化achinachievementsonlwhenweensurethat.p,gybothtwokindsofcommunicationsareunobstructedin化achi打gactivities.5
LiteratureReviewWiththedevelopmentofteachingmethodologyandthewildapplicationofthesituationsin化e化achinrocesssiUiatio打andenvironmenthavelaedanimortantrolein化achingp,pypgandlearning,a打dexperts,scholarsand^achersbegi打tomakeapointofexploreanddeveloptheskuationall:eachi打g.Whileitisinrecentdecades1:hatSTAwasformallyraisedtoapplyto’thettsatenrctttstona:eachinga打dhereidencyfoombininghesude打emoilexperiencesandsped行csituationswiththeCachinga打dlearnin.Andinrecentdecades1;heresearcheso打theg,theorof化eSTAand化eexerimentson化eracticesof化eSTAareincreasingandtheypp,applicationsoftheSTAtoChinese,Maths,MusicandArtclasshavebecome化egreatachievementsinthehistoryoftheSTA.AsEn呂lishisasubjectcloselyrelatedtothelanguage,itwillmaketheEnglishclassmoreirUerestingandattractivewiththealicationoftheSTA.ppBasedontheresearchesandexperimentsmadebyLiJilin,theexperts,scholarsandteachersbeintomakeatemtstocombineSTAwithEnglishla打uageCachin.Howeverduetol:hegpgg,unbalanceddevelomentinEnlishseaki打writi打readi打rammarandvocabularthepgp,g,,gygg,applicationoftheSTAi打theEnglish化achingseemsmoredificultthanthecombinationsbetwee打1:heSTAandot:hersubects.AhhouhEnlishclassisasubectaiminatcultivatinjggjgg’MMuArtstudentslanuaecometenceandu巧likeinChine化athssicandclassthe,,ggpj,teachincontentsofEnlishsubjectarecloselyrelatedtodailylifeofhumanbeinssoitcanggg,bepresen1;edwithcertainsituationsorvisualandvividentitywhichcandirectlyreveal,studentsthouhtsandemotions.NeverthelessfortheChi打ese巧udentsE打lishis化esecondg,,gla打uaesothatcomaredwithothersubectsesecialltheChi打eseE打lishclassisshortofggpj,py,gspecificandactuallanguageenvironments,whichis比emainobstacleto1;heapplicationof化eSTAinEnglishlanguage化aching.A'tresentIesearcheson化ealicationof1;heSTAinEnlishlanuaeCachincanbep,ppggggclassi巧edintothreecategories.Thefirstcategorymainlyproposedthestrategies,principlesandthemethodso打howtodesi打orcreatearoriatesituationsforEnlishlanuaegpppgggCaching.Forexample,WangLu(2004),化ememberofI打temationalA巧ociationofTeachersofE打lishasaForei打LanguaeIATEFLhasmadeastudofthecombinatio打betwee打STAggg()yandEnhlanuaeCachin.Basedon化eri打cilesofIntuitveInstruction化emmetrlisiSggggpp,yy6
了heoryofEmotio打andWisdoma打dthetheoryofedutai打me打t,sy打thesizingtheabundantmaterialsanddataofEnlishteachininmiddleschoolWanLuutforwardthebasicgg,gpstrateestoromotel;hefusionbetweent;heSTAa打dEnlishCachin.Meanwhilesheutgipgg,pforward1taroblemshtionh化achin:heideaofcreainganddesigningpuaduring化eEnglisgwithalivinexamlea打dencouraedstudentstosolve1:heroblemsthat化earein化re巧edgp,gpythroracticeexeriencecooeraiondiscussio打andexloration.Anothteorisinuhtercagp,p,p,pgytoresearchtheSTAfromtherespectsoftheory.MiJunkui(1990:27)hasdo打eagreatjobintresrcheso打thetheorofSTA1heeay.Heconcludedandsummarizedtheresearchesand:hehistorofdevelomentofSTAnomatterintheancientorinthecontemorareranomatteryppy,fromChinaor行omabroad.HepointedoutthatSTAisbasedonrevealingpsychologymovementofhumanbeinsviathetheoryofmodemsycholowhich打otonlmakesitgpgy,yoss化letoimrove比eualhofEnlish1;eachinbutalsois1:heindisensablewatoppqygg,py^Thdevelostudentsersonalitharmoniousl.efmalcateorfocusesonhowtoaltheppyygyppySTAto化eEnglish化achingclass.AswhatLuZizhongandHe化江〇(2006:58)presen化dintheirthesistheassertedtointeratetheborinanddifficultrammarointwiththevividand,ygggpactualsituationsandthencreatedanddesinedsuitableskuatio打sroblemsituations,g,p,-contradictorsituationsintuitivesituationandlifesituationstoresentasanexamleofthey,ppgrammaticalknowledge.Overthelastdecade,althoughthereisnolackoftheresearchesandpapersontheapplicationofSTAtoEnglishlanguageCaching,whilemostofthemfocusontheexplorationandexlanationofthe化eorofSTAorthestudyofstrateyabo山howtoalSTAto1:hepygppy*化ach'Enin.Inecenteaincreasinnumberofterimentonlishirs化ereisaniaciceandexggy,gppcombinSTAwithEnlishteachinbutthosestudiesmainlresearchanddiscuss1:heggg,y化achingpracticeabout化eapplicationofSTAinoralEnglish化aching.Therefore,化erearefewresearcheso打resentinl;hestrateies,rinciplesandtheme化odsofalicationof化epggpppSTAtoEnlishrammarCachina打deve打fewerexertsscholarsandkachersaatentionggg,,ppytoracticeandexperime打taboutin化gratingtheSTAwithEnglishgrammarCaching.AmongpthemtheraduatestudentCuiHonxia2013ofCaitalNormalUniversitNUcanbe,gg()py(C)seenasarep代sentativeresearchero打化eempirical化achingof化eSTA.Inherpaper,basedonherabundantbachinexperienceshemadeaninstructionaldesinforrammarcourseg,gg7
withtheSTAandmadeanexperimentintwoEnglishclasses.Accordi打gtothedataandteachinefficiencoftheexerimentsheutforwardsthatSTAcanefftivelenablegyp,pecystudentstograduallyusetheEnglishknowledgetheyhavealreadygainedtomake,conversationsand比enimrovestudentscomrehensiveabilitforEnlishla打uaeuse.In,ppygggreU-esnedrammarcourseshewditudentsai打edmoreexerienceandmorechancestousegg,gpEnglishasatoolofcommunicatio打withthepromotionoftheSTA^.Thus,itmayenhance’stude打tssenseofachieveme打ti打Englishrammarlearning.MiaoYe,agraduatestudentofgShanhaiNormalUniversitycarriedoutanexperimentabout化eapplicationofSTAingE,nlishrammarteachi打andsheusedtheuestionnaires巧udentsoraexressonsheliggg,q,p,collectedwhenshewasobserving化eclassesand1;hestudentsEnlishwritinsheotfromgggtheirexercisesastheresearchtooltoauthenticatetheteachinefficiencofthealicationofgyppSTAi打EnglishgrammarCachingclass.Althouhtheseemiricalstudieshaveverifiedthegpvalidityof化eapplicationofSTAinEnglishgrammar化achi打gclasstosomeex化nt,mostoftheempiricalstudiesdirectat1:heEnglishlanguagebachingandgrammarl;eachi打ginseniorhighschool,whilel:heempiricalstudiesonEnglishgrammarCachingi打JuniorHighSchoolis1wrtfew.Aftercheckingsomanma:erialsandthesistihei;erfinds1:hatamontheseemiricaly,gp巧udies,也ereisonlyoneofthethesiswhichdiscussedandresearchedthe化achingexperimentbasedo打thealicatio打ofSIAi打JuniorHihSchool.LiAihu过2010araduatestudentofppg(),gMortheastNormalU打iversity(NENU),hasmadeanexperime打tabouttheapplicatio打ofSTAinEnlishrammarCachininJuniorHihSchool.ShehasdesinedseveraCacansggggglhingplforvariouslessontypesbasedo打化e化eoryofSTAandhascarriedoutalltheselessonsin^化achinractice.Atlastshedemonstrated比eefectt:hattheSTAcanbrin1:01heEnlisg:hp,gggrammar化achinga打dlearnininJu打iorHihSchool化rouhthedatafrom化eExerimentalgggp,ClassandtheControlClass.Fromwhatwehavediscussedaboveitsclearthatmostof化e,reviousresearchesonthealicationoftheSTAtotheEnlishrammarteachinfocusedonpppgggthegrammarCachininSeniorHihSchool.Andmostof化eresearchersonlyfbcusedon化eggtheoreticalresearchesorteachingexerimentsandfewresearchersexloredthealicationofp,ppptheSTAtoEnglishgrammarbachingfromboththetheoreticalandthepracticalaspects.Also,化eexperimentsin1:hereviousresearcheshaveneverre化ntedasecificEnlishrammarpppggC’achinlesso打inthestudsoitshardforheeadertohavearofounderstandinaboutgy)trpundg8
thesituationalgrammarlesson.WhendesigningtheEnglishramnwrclasswiththeS了teach巧shouldmakesurethatg出estudentscanunderstand化es加ationsorscenescreatedinEnglish,andcan化化about化6topicofthesituationsinEnglish.ForthestudentsinSeniorHighSchool,theyhavealready’accumulatedmanyvocabulariesandbasicEnglishgramm"knowledge,soitsnottoughfor化emtoexposeto化especificsituationsandthencommunicatewithclassmat说andteach巧withease.While,forthestudentsinJuniorHighSchool,itmaybeachallengeforboththeteacherandthestudents化haveanEnglishramm"lessonbasedontheSTA.SothisstudgywilltrtorovewhethertheSTAissuitableintheEnlishrammarteacherinJuniorHihypgggSchoolandthenutforwardtheeffectivewatoaltheSTAtotheEnlishrammar,pyppyggteachinginJuniorHighSchool.TheSignificanceof化eS化dyLanguageisanimportanttoolforhumanbeings化communicatewi也eachothers,andhisalsothecrucialrereuisiteforhuman化exchangeideasandarticiatethesocialactivities.pqppItlasasinificantroleinromotinthecomrehensivedeveloentofhumanpygpgppm,encouragingtheexchaneamoneoleandassistinhumantointerateintosocietbetter.ggppggy挺Moreover,withglobalizationofsocialactivitiesandcommercialactivities,beinggoodatEnglishhasbee打oneoftheessentialqualityforcitize打s.Thuslearninandmasterina,ggfbreignlanguage,especiallyEnglish,isofgreatsignificance.Duringtheproce巧oflearningEnglish,theb泣sicknowledgeofEnglishthatstudentsshouldlearnandmasterincludesrommciationvocabularrammarfunctionsandtoics.Howeverrammaris化6rulesofp,y,,,gpghow化uselanuaeandisthednamicinteratio打oftheindeende打tEnglishwords.Itwillgg,ygphaveitsivenmeaninandisthe打ecessarmeans化convetheinformationandromotetheggyypcommumcation.She打Donmei,2012:1Thereforeramnmrisarticularlimortantin(g),gpypEnglishlanguagelearning.Throughtheinvestigationsandteachingexperienceoverrecentmeducaornd-udearsanytsainservice化adiershave巧alized化atste打tsshouldbey,unconsciouslinflue打cedb化eEnglishlanguageenvironmentandunconsciousllearninyy,ygwillbe泣betterwayforstudents化learnE打lishlanuae.Butweshouldknowthecurrentggg^situationsoftheEnglishteachinginourcountrythatitcantbedeniedthat,forChinese9
students,thereislackofthelanguageenvironmentforlanguagelearningintheirEnglishleami打rocess.ToimrovetheEnlttishlevelandcomrehe打sivelanuagecomeenceiisgppgpgp,'essentialforstudentstorasthebasicgiammaroints.Neve打helessEnlishrammargpp,ggbachinisanindisensableartinEnlish化achinofJuniorHihSchool.gppgggAlthouhtheexertsscholarsandteachershavealreadfullaffirmedtheimortanceofgp,yypEnglishrammarteachi打gasrammaris汪setofabstractandsstematicrulesoflanuaeg,呂ygguseYounDavidJ.1984:13studentsmafeeldificultandunintelli化leinEnlish(g,,),ygggrammar化achingcla巧.Therefore,theCachingachievementongrammar化achinisbarelygsatstor.itsextremeurenttoreformeEnsrammarCac.tertifacySoilygthglihghingAfhenewcurricu山mreformexertsscholarsandt;eacherscontinuouslreform化eEnlish化achin,p,yggclassinJuniorHihSchool,whichmakeslittleachievements.AndstillnowintheEnlishg,gclassinJuniorHihSchoolstudentshaslessinterestinlearninEnlishrammarandeveng,ggg,ficantfollowthe1:each巧toarticiateinclass,whichresultsintheinecientkachi打tosomeppg.uirttouldbetttdereeWhe打i打inhereasonseachersshblamedhathemadeaincorrecgqg,y化achingmethodinEnglishgrammar化aching.Manyexperts,scholarsand化achersresearchzealousltofindoutawatosolvetheroblem.LiAihua2010Interestis化ebest化acheryyp(,),andiftheclassmakesthestudentsbecomehappyandcomfortableduringthelearningrocessp,studentswilllearni打gEnglishwithease.WhiletheSTAistomaketheclasslivelyand’enereticbystimulatingstudentsemotionalexerie打ce.AndinTVew扼幻c片ZhougpX-ianzheandZhanBaochen2006;196oiinedoutthewelldesi打edCachinsituationscangg()pgg^cultivatestudentsinterestsinlearninEnlishimrovethelearnininitiativeenthusiasmandgg,pg,TAinitiativeandbrinreat化achinresults.If比eScanbereasonablalied1:0化eEnlish,gggyppggrammar化achingclass,化acherscanattractsUidentsattentionbeterind化s,and化encarry■化outthelessonswithvividclassroomactivitiesandhaveaneficie打tEnlishrammarachingggclass.Althoughmanyscholarsbelievethat化eSTAcanromo化化eimlementationoftheppEnglishgrammarbaching,andinrecentyears,tihiereisanincreasingnumberof1:hest:udiesonalicationof也eSTAonrammar化achinand化eresearch0打化eCachinstrateiesof比eppggggSTAandmostof化emfocuson化eEnlishrammar化achininSeniorHihSchool.In*ggggcontrasttilestudiesonthealicationofSTAinEnlishrammarteachininJuniorHih,ppggggSchoolismuchlessthanthati打SeniorHighSchooleve打inPrimarySchool,especiallythe10
'emiricalresearchesinEnglishgramm扣teaching.ConsideringalltheIcasonsandconditionsp出scussedaboveitisessentialtodosomeresearchesontheefectivewastointeratethe,ygSTAwithEnglishgrammarteaching,andthenapplythesestrategiestotheEnglishgrammarteachingeveninalltesofEnglishcourseinJuniorHighSchool.ThisstudywillrespectivelyypresearchandexploKtheapplicationoftheSTAinEnglishrammarteachinfromthetheorggyandractice化analzethefeasibilitofthiskindofteachinmethodolo.pyyggy11
ChapterOneEffectiveStrategiesoft:he乂licationofSTAppEnlishrammar化achinlasanimortantrolei打化eEnlishla打uae化achin.ForgggpypggggthestudentsinJuniorHighSchool,thelearni打g化sksofEnglishgrammaris化oheavyandtteate打eandvo-modo打erousashehaveoiceotlasnontlrnsssubrdi打aecuesfmieverbaly,,,verbsandsoon,especiallyforthosewhoareinthesecondyearandthethirdyearinJuniorHighSchool.Inordertoexplainthegrammarpointsmoreclearly,itisnecessaryfortheEnlishteacherstoattemttoutilizetheconcretematerialobectsorcreatesomearoriategpjpppstuatonstohethe巧udentswththerconitveconstructionofEnisrammaraniilpiigiglhgdEnlishknowlede.ThereforeafterknowintheimortanceofSTAinrammarteachi打itisgg,gpgg,hightimetoexploretheefectivestrategiesofhowtointegrate化eSTAintoEnglishrammarg化achin.g1.1SituationsOeatBasedonConcreeObectsintgjT*hesettinga打dcreatinofthesituationsin化eEnglishiammarclassisverimortantggypintheapplicationof1:heSTA.And化eselectof化eobjectsshouldbecloselyrelatedto化e,,studentsdailylifesol;hatthecanstimulatestudentsemotionalexerie打ceandthenarouse,yp化eirinkrestsinlearningEnglishgrammar.Showingrealobjectsisavisualizedmeansfort:eacherstoguidethestudentsandorga打izetheclass.Itcanbringstudentsmorestimulation’andcancombine1;hee打titieswithrammarinstudentsmindwhichmamake1:herammarg,yg化achingandlearnineasier.gAt打rst1:eachersshouldcreateasecificsiUiationanduidestudentsinto化erammar,pggsituationswiththerealobects.Ifouwanttohaveanefectivea打dvividrammarlessonyg,jwhetheroucanusetherealobectsandconcreteoodstolead1:hestudentsintotherammaryjggm,environentornotiscrucial.Letstake化esi打gularandluralformsofnounsasanexamle.ppEnWhenanlish1;eacherwantstoexlainthisrammarointstostudentsshemafirstlgpgp,yy((,,showaentothestudentsandsay:Ihaveaen.the打shematakeoutanothere打andsa:pp,ypy"’,Ihavetwopens.I打followingseveralminiUes,shemaytalkaboutsoma打ythingsin1;he12
""sameway.Andeachtimeshemaystre巧thesbehindsthenouns.Aft巧studentshaveahazyunderstandinonthesinularandluralformsofnounsshecanbeintoexlaintherammarggp,gpgrulesofthesingularandpluralformsofnouns.And化mayturnoutthatgui出ngstudentsintogramm化situationsisamoreefectivewayforstudents化understandandu化theramnmrgandlanguage.虹additionuidinthestudents化involveinrammarracticewiththeentitiKisalso^gggpbeneficial化teachandleamgramm扣.WhenteachingandlearningEnglishrammar,inorderg化ensurethestudentsmas化rthegrammarwell,moderatepracticesanddrillsaboutthegramm化ointsisofthe的senceintheda巧.Thereforetheinstructorsometimeshas化assinp,gsomeracticesw化ei化erlrcremaerialsaeremiliawii化adofeaobectsoonctet化t化afarthpjy,whichmayhelpstudentswiththerammarpracticeandmakethedrillsbealittlemoreg’attractiveaswell.Forexample,whenwewantto出scumhowtodescribesome帮les"”"appearance,wemaygivesomesentencesuch泌Shehasblackstraighthair,Shewe扣s"""lassesandSheistallandthin.Aftertheinstructorresentsandexlainsthesiekeg,ppysentenc扮,化epracticesanddrillsaboutdescribingaperson扣eneededforstudents化understandthesentencepaternsbeter.While,ifthein巧mctorju巧showsaphotoofnobodytothestudentsandasksthem化describehim/her,foronething,thestudentsaremorelikely化loseinterestinthisclassforanother,theremabealowteachinefficiencinthisrammar;ygygteachingclass.Butiftheteacherasksthestudentstodescribeoneofthestudentsinthecl泣化orsomeo打etheyarefamiliarwith^whenspeakingoutthesesentences,theremu巧be泣person’existi打i打stude打tsmindwhichmakestheracticesanddrillsmeaninfulaswellaseasier.g,pgWha-tisworthme打tioninisthat,iftherammarteachi打classisstillteacherce打tereditisggg,usele化nomaterhowmanyobectsoubrintothecl泣ss.Theapplicationoftherealobectsjygj,打isrnteresndhelenithecl泣巧化aousethestude打tsitsathestudtsarticiateintheclassandppp,wh*attheteachershoulddoistocreatemoiesituationsandchancesforstudents化oininthejEnglishclass.12-InclassInstructionalGamesDesinin.gg,Game,nomatterinda巧orafterclaiss,isagoodmeanst:oattractstudentsattention,and13
,itcanarousestudentsirUeresti打studyanddeveloaleasedenvironmentforstudentstoppIn—study.classinstructionalgamesdesininginrammarlessone打erallyincludesfollowinggggarts.pThefirstoneaswellasthemostcommononealiedintheEnglishclassistoleampprammaringue巧ing呂ames.RetrospectingtheE打glishclasswehaveexperie打ced,youmaygneverfeelunfamiliarwiththeuessinamesasitwaswildlusedinometeachersEnlish,ysggggclass.Formoststudents化e化inkuessi打amesareinterestinaswellaschalleninso,ygggggg,mostofthemcanbeattractedbytheamesa打darticiateintheEnlishclassactivel.Whengppgy"welearnspatialrepositions,1;eachersmayhidehispeninclassl:henaskstudentsIsmypenp,’""o打化edesk?orIsmeninthedesk?Wi化化eamesstudentsmahaveaclearideaypg,y""aboutthemeaningof化espatialprepositionsandhowtouseon,in,under.Guessinggamesmakesrammarlesso打morerelaxi打ga打dstudentsmabecomemoreactiveandconfidentgydurintheame.ggToleamgrammarbysingingEnglishsongsalsocanbesee打asagoodinstructionalgameforstudentstoleamE打glishgrammar.Musiccanmakestude打tsrelaxed,andgracefulrhythmcanmakehalftheworkwithdoubleresults.During化e化achingprocedure,化acherscanadaptthelcsofsomeoularsonswiththerammarointsouwanttol:eachsostudentscanyrippggpy,acuiretheknowledeintheamesofsininsons.Withthehelofthebeautifulsonsqgggggpg,stude打tsca打understanda打dmasterthegrammarmoreefectively,andtheharmo打iousandrelaxede打vironmentcreatedbythemusicisbeneficialforstudentstohaveanactiveandenthusiasticattitudeinrammarlearning.gGrammarkachincanbealsocarriedoutwith化estories.For化estudentsinJuniorHihgg-School巧ortelinisalwasanicemethodtoCO打centratetheiratte打tionani打teresto打theld,ygyclass.Andmea打whasweanmostostoesareattractsosttsremeilellknowfriiveudenaor,,,likelytofocuson1:herammarCachinclasswhentherammarointsarereserUedwithgggppsomeinterestingstories.S化riescanberegardedas1:hesecifica打dmeaninfulskuationspgreatedto1:herammaroints化e1:eacherisoin化resentandexlainwhichmakethelpcangpggp,bori打a打ddificultr过mm&rlesso打cometolife.I打rammar法chi打classsometeachersgggg,o",,whoareodatmakinstoriesinrammarbachinmaytellstudentsthat化everbbeisagggg",,。(,’打auh-1tybowhoisfacechani打sohebecomesamwhe打hemeetsa打dhebecomesgygg,14
""""arewhenfacedwi化youOnhearingthisistor,studentsmaobtain化erammaratonce.yygWhilecomparedwUhrotememory,itisobvious也atstudentscanunderstandandmaster化e""出ferentformsofverbbewi化化efimnysto巧.Therefore,itmabeareatattemt化makeygpstori的化presentanddemonstratethegramm扣points,anditwillalsohaveapositiveefect*onstudentsstudyofEnlishrammar.gg1.3InductiveSentencePatternsh*虹tetraditionalrammarteachinclassteachersalwas出rectlieseiitorexlai打thegg,yypprammarointsortherulesofhow化ujsethekesentenceaternsandthe打assinsomegpyp,gpracticeanddrillsforstude打tstoracticewhatthehavelearnedinthecl泣巧,whichwepyusuallycalleddeductivemethod.Teachi打rammarinthiswacan611811巧thatstude打tscanggy,accessthecorrectand巧stematicrammarknowlede,while化cantbedeniedthatstudentsgg,havele化opportunities1:0thinkovertherammarointsbthemselvesanditsobviousthatitgpyisunfavorableforstudentstounderstandandmastertherammar.Carringouttherammargygteachincla^indeductivemethodteachercanoranizeandma打aetheclassbetterandg,ggexplai打therammarsstematicallasheorshehaslannedbeforetheclass.However,inthisgyypwastudentshavele巧chancetoexloretherammarwhichmaresulti打low化acMny,pgygcficie打coftheranuimrteschi打cl汪ssygg.Inductivemethodinrammarteachinandlearninis化findouttherulesoframmarggggafterknowi打theCO打Cretehe打omc打aof打uaeandthenrammarwillbeeasiertobegpgg,g^understoodbstude打ts.Thatistosabefoiti打orexlainintherammintyy,epKsengpgg化os,pteachermayfirstlyshowsomesentencepatternsorsomeexamplesrelating化theapplicationoftherammarointsandthe打泌erseveraldrillsandracticesofthe化sente打cesstudentsgp,p,arerequiredtohave泣出scussio打onthesentencesand巧nally化make泣conclusionwhichmaybetherammarointsorartoftherulesthattheareoin化studyinclass.Inthisrammargppygggclassstudentsneedtoconcludetherammarointsaccordintothesentenceatternsthe,gpgpyhaveracticedintheclass,andwhatthe化acher打eeds化dois化uidethestudents化makeapgconclusionaboutwhattheyhavelearnedandthencorrectthemi巧akesandsupplementthegrammarointswhenitisnecessar.py15
A",,*sfor化e扣nctionofmodalverbcan,化acherspeihascantrytoexlainitafterpp",,",,"Huidingstudentstolearn化efollowinsentences:Icansin.Youcandance.ecanggg,,,,",,"’,playbasketball.,Theycanswim.,Theboycanridethebike.FinishingCachingandracticing化esesentencesteacherscaniveseveralminutesforstudentstodiscussandp,呂anatsesente打cesa打dtheteachercanromtstudentstofi打dottslaritiesalzeheuheimindy,ppdiferencesamongthesese打te打cesandthe打encouraethemtomakea打inductionbasedontheg(‘,,sente打ceatterns.Andaare打tlyitisnothardforstudentstofi打doutthatthewordca打isppp,neversentienceanterenocha打enverbwithtechaneoferson.Thenniydhisi;hstudetscanggpsumutherulesintheirow打waandthet;eacherwillsummari之ealltheoinionsofstudentspy,pandexlai打1:herammarindetailtoconsolidatetherammaronts.I打thisartstudentsarepiggpp,'positiveandactive,andthisisalsoagoodwaytoimrovestudentsthinkincaacit.pgpy1ComaraiveSituations.4ptWhenCachingtheconfusinrammarointsorthesimilarseMencepaternsinEnglishggpclass1eacherwillbesuestedtousincomaraivesituationstohihlihtammar1at;t化er;h,gggpggg*heorshewantstoiesentso化atstudentscanhaveabetterunderstandinabouttherammar,ggpandcandifferentiateanda打alyzethemduringthegrammarexercises.民eviewingwhatwehavelearnedi打previousEnglishclass,wecanfindthatsomegrammarpointsareinpairs.Wecantake1;hese打1;ence化nseast;heexamle.Accordi打to1:heE打lish化xtbookof1:hestudentspggHtstPaFuinJuniorighSchool巧udenhavetolearnhePresentTensethestTe打setheture,,,T*ense,thePastFutuieTense,thePresentContinuousTense,thePastContinuousTense,thePresentPerfectTense,化ePastPerfectTenseetc.Accordingto出eCachingcon1:entsof化e*textbooktheabovel:enseswillbetauhtindifeientunitswithdiferentmaterial.Ahhough,gthel;eachermakesagreateforttoexplaintheeacht;enseandstudentsalsodotheutmosttolearnandmaster1;he化打sestherearestillalarenumberof化estudentsmixinuthese,ggpte打ses.Buttheteacherresentsthete打sei打airssuchasthePresentTe打sea打dthePastpp,Te打se,thePresentContinuousTe打化andthePastContinuousTense,1:hePresentPerfectTenseandhePastPerfectTe打se比eFutureTenseandthePastFutureTensitwllbemo1;eire,,convenientforstudentstorememberandmaster化etenses.16
Teachersaresupposedtousethecomparativesituationstopresenttheconfusinggrammarpointsanduide化emtoobserve,contrastandanalze也egrammaruntilthefindout化egyydifferencesandmasterhnowl.orinnceinrammarlswenlsttekedeFstaesonscaearnthePag,g,ContinuousTenseonthefoundationofthePresentContinuousTense.Inteachinroceduregp,mo巧teacherswUlchoo化thecomparativesituations化study出6化twotypesoftense.TeachercanorganizetheteachingmaterialsbasedonthesimUariti的and出筋rencesofth的etwotypesoftenses,andthenteachstudentshow化出stinguishandmasterthem.Withthespecificsituationsstudentscaneasilettheointofthesetwokindsoftenses,andthewillalso,ygpyhavearofoundmemorof也eknowlede.gpy17
ChapterTwoResearchDesing2.1ResearchObectivesj£nglishgrammarteachi打ghasbeenaJw江ysthekeypoi打tsa打dteachi打gdificultiesi打English化aching.TYaditionalgrammarteachi打greliesonthecrammingsystemofCaching,,MwhichafectsthestudentsierestandmotivationinEnglishlanguagelearningandisoneofthereasonsthatresultsi打theloweficiencyoftheEnglishrammarteachintoacertainggexte打t.Basedo打thepreviousresearchesontheSTA,thepurposeofthepresentstudyistotttimprove化eeficiencyof化eEnglishgrammareachi打gandorooseefectivestrateiesoppgintegrate化eSTAwithEnglishrammar化achininJuniorHighSchoolinthisaer.Thisggppresearchistryingtofindoutthewaysofsolvinthedefectsintraditionalrammarteachingggclasssuchasborinandderessinclasslearninatmoshereunatractiveandmechanicalgpggp,drillsi打Englishgrammarcourseandtopromotetheapplicatio打oftheSTAingrammar化achingbsettinuas巧ofscientificandefectiveCachinstrateiesandmodestocreateygpgganddesinanaroriatelanuaeenvironmentfors化dentssothat化acherscancarryoutgpppggveandirnerestinEnlishrammarlessoni打JuniorHichool.ThisresearchasoamslilyggghSlig'atdeveloinEnlishl:eachi打resourcesbroadeninthestudentsEnlishlearninchannelspggg,ggg,enrichingthecon化ntandformofEnglish化achingandimprovingthequalityof化achingingrammart;eachi打g.CuiHonxia19(g,)ThisresearchwilldiscussandexlorethealicationofSTAinEnlishrammarfrompppgg,thetheorandractice.ForthesakeofarousinstudentsirUerestsandcuriositiesofEnlishypgggrammarlearningandimprovingthe1:eachi打gqualityofEnglishgrammarCachin,thisgresearchistrying化answerandsolve化efollowingquestions:1.Howtoapply1;heSTA化EnlishrammarCachintocarroutaninterestinandefectivegggygrammarlessoninJuniorHighSchool?g2.WhatkindofimpactwilltheapplicationoftheSTAinEnglishgrammar化achingbringto,studentslearninginEnglishgrammar?3.Howdo1;hestudentsand1:eacherl;hinkabout1;heEnglishrammarlessonbasedontheSTA?gAndhowdo化esUidentsand化acherinvolvinintheexerime打tofskuatio打alrammargpg18
lessonmeasurethiskindofEnglishgrammarda巧?B汪sedonthepreviousKsearchesandtheory,thisresearchwillanswerthe巧r巧que巧ionwi化theexploratio打of也e化eoryoftheSTA.MeanwhUe,化esecondandthirdquestioncanbesolvedbytheinvestigatio打andexperimentontheapplicatio打oftheSTAinEnglishgrammar化achinginJuniorHighSchool.Thisstudyisaimingat巧ndingtheefectiveteiinliin.straesofalingtheSTAtoEnshrammarteachgppyggg2.2ResearchSubectsjThearticiants扣efromJuniorTwoClass1ControlCla阴andClass2Exerimentalpp,(()pClass),inCentralSchoolofGantianinYueyang,Hunan.(Inordertoprotecttheprivacyofthestudentsandtheteacher,wenamedclass的involvedintheexperimentClass1andCla站2.)孔的etwoda巧的arethegeneralclass的:inJuniorTwoinruralschool,whoseEnglishtevelresareachod-aimil化theraccoring化化e化o巧sof化eretest.Thestudentsinvolvedinthisperemoaeof-whoeninvstiationwestlatthe1617havakeadbeenlearninlishfronegyg,ygEgoandahalfearsandhavealreadlaidthefoundationinlearninEnlish.SothestudentsyyggEnglishlevelaccordwiththebasicrequirementofthisexperimentassituationalclassrequiresudu?stentseiedwithbasicvocabularandrammarknowledetoexi的sthemselvesidqppyggp泌communicatewitheachothersmoothly.Therearealsomanysimdarconci沾onsbetweentheExperimentalGa巧andtheControlClass,suchasthenumberofstudents,genderdistribution,Enlishtextbookstudenvironmentand也eEnlishinst扣ctor.Andthedetailedinformationg,ygaboutthestudentsintheClass1andtheClass2isasfollows.BasicinformationaboutthestudentsintheClass1andtheClass2TotalTeachingClassMaleFemaleTextbookInstructornumberaidsControlClassMultime出a452916Goforit!YaningP(Class1devices)ExperimentalMu怕media412516Goorit!YaninfgPClass(Class2)devicesFiure1g19
TheexperimentinthisstudyistodesignanEnglishgrammarlessonwiththeSTAandthe打resentandexlain化esamerammarisfordiferentclassesresectelinppg化mpivytraditionalteachingmethodandinsituatio打alteachingapproach.Inthestudy,MissYang,anexcellentandyoungteacher,wasinvitedtoconducttheexperimentandgivethelessonthatdesinedwiththealicatio打oftheSTA.MissYanhasbee打teachinEnlishcoursesforgppgggtwoyearsandsheossessesniceoralroficiencandood化achinaccomlishments.Asa,ppyggpounteacherMssYanownsbetterinstructionaldesincom巧enciesandeachinyg,iggptgimlementinabditythano化er化achers.In比emeantimeMissYanisalso化eEnlishpg,ggteacherofClass1andClass2andshehasbeenteachinthesetwoclassesfornearloneeargyy,whichmeanstheinstructorinthestudyandthestudentsinvestiatedin1:heexerimentknowgpeacho化erwellanditwillbemorecomfortableandeasyfor化emtocooeratein化edesinedpggrammarcourse.Andonlyinthiscondition,willtheexperimentandstudysupplytherealistic*dataandcantheiesultsof化estudybeau化enticandmeaninful.gWith比edevelomentandeneralizationoftheNewCurriculummostoftheJuniorHihpg,gHeado-Schooli打una打havptedtheEn呂lishcoursebooksGo/or化I打Englishteaching.I打the-newcoursebooks化e化icsof化eunitsarecloselrelatedtostudentsdaillifeandlearnin,pyygexperiences.AndwhattheNewCurriculumadvocatesistocombinetheexperiencesandsituationstofi打douttherulesoframmarpoi打tsandthenusethetaretrammarintherealgggsituationsandlifewhereasseldomt;eacherscanachieveit.Accordintothecontentsof化e,g-modaBook13studentsinJuniorTwohavealreadlearnedma打lverbssuchascanma,yy,y,couldmihtmustwillshallwouldshouldandneed.Asanimortantrammaroints,g,,,,,pgp,modalverbisalwaysthekeyointine打tranceexaminatio打forthesecondarschool.Sopyaccordingto也ema化rialsandactivities化atweredesinedtoresent化esemodelverbsinGogp?〇/1leatat1aerbsandrammar/化;hewri;ermadlisbou:hemodlvrearedalessonas化ewa/,ppgymost化achersdid.At化esametimewith1;healicationof化eSTA比eresearchercollected,pp^,thel;eachmgmaterialsfromstudentsbooksastheCachingcontentsofthesituationalrammargCachincourseiscollectedfromtheirl;ex1:booka打danEnlishrammarlesso打abouttheg,gg*modalverbswasdesig打edwiththeapplicatio打oftheS了Therefoie,theteachingconte打tsofthisexerimentistherulesofmodalverbslikecanmacouldmihtmustwillshallwouldp,y,,g,,,,,shouldandneed.Andthislesso打willberesentedandexlainedtostudentsi打twototallppy20
出fere打tway:oneisthetraditionalgrammarteachingmethod;andtheotherisgrammarteachingiththeSTAorsituationalrammarteachin.wgg2.3ResearchInstrumentsInorder化collectmoreusefuldataabout化esi化ationalgrammar化achingandfUllydemonstratethefavorableteachinimactoftheSTAinEnlishrammarteachinclassgpggg,therearesomeKsearchinginstrumentsinthestudy:thequestionnake,theclassroomobservationtheinterviewandthetest.Andthecontentsandfunctionsofth的einstruments,willbedescribedindetailinthefollowingarts.p23.1ues材onnairesQQuestionnaireis泣oodwafor巧searchers化collecttheinformationofthe巧8〇11(161?8gy口aswhichcanbeutilizedtoreflect化ep姐poseof化eresearchand化eattitud说ofthe*iesponde打tsineach巧atements.Qu的tionnairesgenerallyincludeasetofthequestionsinaccordancewiththe化86化£11uroseandresearchuestio打sanditwiUiveres打dentstheppq,gpotime化finishitwhichguaranteestheresponderitstoanswerthequestionsfreelyandcomfortably.AndnaturallthedataandKsultsaremoKreliable.Foranotheruestionnairesy,,qareusuallybienouhforresearche巧化listwhateverthewant化investiate,andcomaringgygpgtootherresearchinginstruments,itisthelowCO巧andmo巧convenie打tway.**wo-Andinthisiesearchtheiearetuestionnairesforstudents.Thereuestionnairewas,qpqnelssesieinedoinvesrreiveto化86studentsofthetwocaanditsdsttiate化ecuntg,ggsituationsoftheEnglishgrammarteachinginluniorHighSchool.Accordingtothere-uuestionnairetherearetotal15estionsinwhichthefir巧14uestionsarebasedonthepq,,qq*Likertscaleandthe15isanope打questio打.Thefir巧14questionsaredesignedtoinvest,studentsmotivatio打oflearningEnglishgrammar,theunderstandingoftheimportanceofleami打Enlishrammar化ecurrentsituationofEnli油rammarandteachinthttitudesggg,ggg,eaof化etraditionarammarteachi打and化eexttio打of化EnH沈rammarteachin.lggpecaegggThesequestio打saretothepointsthatresearcherwa打tstoknowtosomedegree,and化canrevealtherealsituationoftheEnglishgrammarCachinginJuniorHighSchoolandreflect21
^studentsattitudetowardsthetraditionalrammarteachin.ThelastquestionisdesinedtogggScollectstudentssuggestionsfortheEnglishgrammart:eachingclass,whichwillbethereciousmaterialsinthedevelome打tandimrovementoftheEnlishrammarteachin.pppgggTheos-41tuestionnairewasiventostudentsinClass2anditwillbeivenoutto化epqggstudentsafter化eexperimentallessond巧ignedby化eresearcheron化ealicationof化eSTAppIt12tttinEnlishrammarCachin.includesuestionsabouthesiuaionalrammarSachingggqg呂,and化efirst10itemsarealsobasedontheLikertscaleandtheothertwoareope打uestions.q。Fromtheost-ueste10temssetorsttsatttionnaire化firstiareudinuiudentiudesowardspq,qy,thesituationalrammarlessontocollectstudentscommentsoftheirclassroombehaviorstog,,’-know1eseassessmentof1:herrninoiUcomesandtoststusfeensoftis:hlfileaginvedentlighexperimentalgrammarclass.And比eo化ertwoquestionsa化openquestions,whichare^designedtoueststudentsexpectationandsuestionsontheEnlishrammarteachingafterqgggg化ehavecomeintocontactwi化化eEnglishrammarclasswhichrunsthrough化erincilesygppof-ttheSTA.AndthehemsinthisostuesionnaireweredesinedcarefUllyandpqgsystematically,andithasbee打revisedrepeatedlytog巧morespecificandrelevantinformationfromtheresondents.p2.3.2ObservationinClassMostofthesUidiesshouldbewatchedlisknedandl:hensortedoutthema化rialforthe,,studforualitativeresearchobservationis化emaorme化oda打d化efoundationforo化ery,q,jresearchmethods.td.i26Observinisoneof1;heoularandeasinstrumentofdata(qQ,)gppycollectionforallkindsofstudiesandresearches,eseciallyinthestudiesandresearchesonp化achingandeducation.Recording,化anscriptions,andnotesto化esubjects,behaviorandla打uaeareallconsistedi打anobservatio打.i26Aiidtheretwoki打dsofobservations:gg(〇,)aretheoneisarticipantobservationwhichmeanstitleresearcherobservesasaarticiantandppp,-theresearcherisamemberofthiscommunittheotheroneisnonarticiantobservationy,;pps-whichmea打that化eresearcherobservesasanonlookeranddidnottakeartin化eactivit,py-directl.Actuall化earetwoextremitiesofobservation化eallroundarticiantand化eyy,y,ppdumbparticipant.(qtd.Qi,26)Andi打thisstudy,inordertoobservetheclassa打dcollectthe22
-informationanddatebettertheresearcherworkedasanonarticianttoattendthe,ppexperimentallesson.Before化eclassroomobservationof也eexperimentallesson^as化erearesomanyinfluencefactorinaclass,somanyaspectsshouldbeconsideredsuchaswhatkindof’theinformationthestudyneed,how化evaluatethestudentsclassroombehaviors,whatkindofroledoestheinstructorlaintheda巧andsoon.pyBasedontheresearchesonthetheoroftheSTAthisstudistrintoutforwardy,yygpseveralefectivemeans化combinetheSTAwithEnglishramnmrteachinginJuniorHighgSchoolandtries化conduct地experimentallessonabouttheapplicationoftheSTAinrammarteachincl化s.Duringtheexerimentallessoninorder化etmowinformationggp,gfromthestudentsand化achertheresearcheratendedtheexerimentallectureand,p'purposefullyobservedstudentsclassroombehaviorslikewhetherthestudentstookartinthepclassroomactivitiesactivelyornot,whetherthestudentsunderstoodwhattheteachcFwasresentnandexlininornotwhtudentsadttiinlrnniaandethershheenhusasmeaipgpg,g’rammar.Meanwhiletheresearcheralsoobservedtheirinstructorsstateofteachinintheg,gexperimentallesson.WhethertheinstructorcaneasilyconducttheEnglishgrammarteaching1的sonandpKSsntandexplainthegrammarpointsclearlyornotjwhethertheinstructorcanadotthissituationalgrammarteachinglessonwith6a化ornotwhethertheinstructorcanp,mastertheinstructionskillstodrivethewholeclassintheexerimentallessonandwhetherptheinstmetorwasmoreassionatewithrammarteachininthislessonarethekeointsthatpggyptheresearchershouldobserveandanalyzeduringtheclasisroomobservation.Hence,theaimoftheclassroomobservationofexperimentallessonis化observetheclassroombehaviorsof’studentsandteach舟sstateoftheteachinandthencollectandanalzetheusefulg,yinformationtoachievetheresearchpurpose.2虹t:iewervInterviewisagoodmethodtocollecttheinformationthattheresearcherneeds,asboth-mtheinterviewerandtheintervieweecanbefrankdnamicoenindedandinteractiveinthe,y,pinterview.i23Ge打erallbefore化6interview化6interviewerwill巧ateexUcitl化e,,,(Q)ypypurposeoftheinterviewfortheinterviewee.Brieflyintroducingthebackgroundofthestudy23
andwhatkindofinformation化eneed1;heirUerviewershoulddeclaretheimorta打ceofthey,p1ttttiiUerviewtoensure:hat1;hei打ervieweewillrovideauhenicandcredibleinformationinhepinkrview.Ifnecessary,thein1;erviewershouldpromisetheirUervieweethatwhattheydiscussedinthein化rviewwillneverbedisclosedtootherswhichwillonlbeusedasthe,yresearchdatain也isstudy.W,ttettnterenofterssantsoih:heurposeofigabetundrstandi:eachfeelindcommennpgggtraditionalrammar化achinandsituationalrammarKachintheiMerviewwasdesinedforgggg,gtheinstructor.Theinterviewinc山dedninekemstotallyanditwasconductedtotheinstructorafter化eexperimentallesson.Therespondentgenerallygavetheircandidopinio打soneach,化msereweU-sinedtonvestiatewhlheinstmtrsoo打andcommentsoniichwdei:coinis,ggp’traditionalrammar化achinclasstoknowstudentsresonseanderformancein化egg,pp,situationalgrammarteachi打gclassfromtheersectiveofinstructorobservatio打andtoknowpptheinstructorsattitudestowardsandcommentso打thealicationoftheSTAinEnlishppggrammarteachingi打JimiorHighSchool.2.3.4TestT'estisaoodinstrumenttoexaminetheoutcomeofstudentslearninabouttheive打ggggrammarpoints.Toevaluatewh巧hert:hecourseisexcellentor打otandtoknowwhethertheCachingmethodologyorCachingmodelissuitableforthepracticalCachingclass,t;estshouldbeconducedamongthestudentswiththepurposesofexaminingstudentsacquisitionsandapplicatio打oftherammarrules.Andtiheevaluationof1:heexerimerUallessonwillbemadegp,bystudentstestperformancesandthescoresofanswersheets.AsE打glishgrammarisa打i打depende打tbra打choftheEnglishlanguageforitmea打stherulesofgrammaticalstructure,thettlearni打goutcomesusuallca打beexami打edimmediaelwiththerelevantexercises.Soinhisyystudasetofexaminatio打uestio打shadbeendesinedtocheckwhetherthestudentsknowy,qgandunderstandtherulesofModalVerbs.Inorrtoensure-detheexerimentmorereliableresearchershaverearedaretestp,ppp*t-tttFtofModalVerb.Theretesisconsiderablsinificanin化issudabou化erulespyy.irslyitg,candisclosewhetherthestudentsu打dersta打dandmastertherulesofModalVerbs.Althouh(g24
thehavealreadylearnedthesemodalverbsthehaveneversummarizeandreviewthemy,yoin化erammarc-teth舟lassAccordinheresulofhereewecanle.ttsttstasottogg)g化p,g'knowthestudentsgrammarproficiencyandteachingoutcomesofthetraditionalrammarg-mteachin.Ad出tionallthe化suitsoftheret的tcanbeused泌化eas化ssentinstrument化gy,pestimatetheEnglishlevelandgrammarproficiencybetweentheExperimentalClassandtheControlClass.Finally,theevaluationoftheteachingresultsofexperimentallessonneedsthe,re---巧加ksoftest.Onlycomarinstudentsscoresofretestandosttestcan化estudppgpp,ymakeacomparisonbetweentheteachingefiGciencoftraditionalrammarteachingandthatofyg-situationalrammarlesson.Sointhisstudtheretestwasconductedamonthe86studentsgy,pginboththeExperimentalClawandtheControlCla巧beforetheimplementationofsituationalrammarn.teachigclassgTorovethatthealicationoftheSTAisbeneficialforstudentstoaintherammarpppgg-wapointsinEnglishgrammarclassofJuniorHighSchoolosttestsalsoresectivel,ppy-conductedtothestudentsinthetwoclasses.Theosttestutilizesthesameuestiontesandpqypuest-thedificultiesoftheqionsaresimilartotheretestwhichmakesthe"suitsofthesetwop,-m化巧sauthenticandreliable.TheposttestisaiingatexaminingtheteachingKsultsofthes-ituationalrammarCachinclass.Accordintheresultsoftheosttestresearchecanggg化p,^firstlettoknowwhetherthestudentshavema巧eredtheramm扣rulesornot.Besidestheygg,’dataarederivedbcomarinscorofre-testanst-tttotttythestudentsesdoesrovehahepgpppsUuationalrammarteachinismorehelpfUiforstudentsofJuniorHighSchool!;〇learnggEnglishrammar.g2.4ResearchProceduresInthisStudy,化ereareSOmanythingtodosuchasdesigning化equestionnairesandquizz的neededintheresearch,designingandconductingasituationalgrammarlesson^requesti打gstudents化accomplishthequestionnairesandtestscollectinthedatainthe,gexerimentallessonandsoon.I打ordertomakeawellorganizedstudofthealicationofpyppSTAinEnglishgrammarteaching,theresearchhasm泣deaschedule(Figure2)toensuretheexperimentcanbecarriedoutsuccessfully.25
TheScheduleof化e民esearchTimeProceeding20505-09ReamTA1.searchinl;heersandaterialsaboutSgpp20-化化15.0809Desinin化ekemsinuestionnairesstsandinrviewgg,qObservin化eclassroombehaviorsofthestudeiUsinCla巧g20-150910.182&183andettintoknowthestudentsandteacherMissYan,ggg20-15.1011esini打thesituatio打alrammar化achi打esso打Dgglgg2015.12Carryingouttheexperime打tallessonandcollectin化edatag-2015.122016.01Analyzinthedataoftheexperimentg20-05W16.01ritingandrevisintheaergppFiure2gThisstudywasstartedinMay,2015andfinishedint:heMayof2016.After化c*derminin化e化iof化estud化eiesearchersend也reemon化sinreadinandanalzingy,pypggthematerialsand化esisoftheSTAandfinallutforwardtheefectivewatoaltheSTA^ypyppyntotheEnisrammar化achinnuniorHl.TeresearcherbeantoilhiJihSchoohen化gggg,gchoosetheExerimentalClassandControlClassandthenotthebasicinformatio打ofthesep,呂twoclassesthrough1:heclassroomobservationsandcomma打icationswithl:heteacher.Accordingto化efeaturesof化estuden化inClass1andClass2,比eresearcherdesigned化6化StpapersandsiUiationalrammarlessonwi化化eaidofMissYang.AndresearcherandMissgYangcarriedoutt:heexperimentandcollec化dthedataandmaterialsneededinthisstudy.26
ChaterThreeInstruc村onalDesignpTheteachinoutcomesoftraditionalEnlishramnwr化achinda巧arenotwellwhichgggg,resultsin化eirEnlish.hii化ooof化estudentsinJuniorHighSchoolTisstudstrnalpgyygppytheSTA化Englishgrammarteaching化improvetheteachingeficiencyinJuniorHighSchoolThutheinstructionaldesinofthealicationoftheSTAtoEnlishrammar.s,gppggteachinclassisofreatimortanceinthisstud.Accordin化theteachinrocedurethisgggp,gpyexperimentallessoncanbedesignedasfollows.3.1P巧乂lassPreparation虹ord巧化deliv巧aoodlecture化化estudentsitisnec的sarfor化eteacher化makeg,ysomerearationsbeforethecl泣ss.TheStudywasconductedonthestude打tsi。CentralSchoolppofaninYueanandtheherisunacuaintedwiththestudentsand化tr.Gantiresearceeacheyg,q,*Toensurethattheexperime打tallessonaccordwiththestudentsleami打ghabits,theiesearcher'巧shouldpaymoreatte打tio打t:oettoknowthestude打tsb泣siccircumstanceandstudinatus.gyg3.1.1BasicInformationoftheTest;edStudentsandTextbookJustaswhat出scu站edabove,theresearchsubectsofthisstudyarethestudentsandjteach巧inCentralSchoolofGantianinYueyang.Class1andCla"2aretheclassesofJuniorTwo,andgenerallytheageofthestudentsinJuniorTwoisfrom16to17.Fullofenergyandimainationtheteenaersatthiseriodareeastobeattractedbinterestinandrelaxing,gpyygggamesandactivitiesinclass.Whilegrammarteachingclassusuallyisboringandunattractive,’whichresultsin化estudentspoorerformanc的andlowroductivelearnininEnlishppgggrammarteaching.ThetraditionalgrammarteachingmethodhasalreadybecametheobstructiondurintherammarteachinandlearninrocessinJuniorHihSchool.Thusggggpg,theintroductionandattemptofthenewteachingmethodsinEnglishgrammarteachingclassareextremelyurentinJuniorHihSchool.ggAccordingtothemarksanderfoimancesintheireverdastudthattheEnglishcoursepyyyteacherMissYangshowedtous,theEnglishlevelsofstudentsinthetwoclassesaresimilar.27
AndMissYanis化eirEnglishcourse化acherandtheyhaveotacuaint化dwitheachother.ggqTomaketheexperimentdatamoreauthenticandreliable,thediversitybetweentheExerimentalClassandtheControlClassshouldbeaslittleasossible.So,theresearcherppchoseClass1andClass2as比eresearchobectsas化eyhave化esimilarcircumstancesinjEni.glshlearningWi化化eublicatio打of化eNewCurriculumof化eeducationinJuniorHihSchool化epg,newtextbookGoor知/hascomeof比eressandmostof1;heJuniorHihSchoolhas/pgadoptedthisversionoftheteachinmaterials.Asthis巧udyisaiminatexlorinandggpgresearching1;heefectivestra化iesofirUeratin化eSTAwbhrammar化achinandcarringggggygoutanempiricalgrammar化achinglessonwiththeSTAtheresearcherhasstudiedand^ana-lzed化eBook12of化6tex化ookGoforitandfinallfind化atuniorTwohasalready!yJydmodls.Iihheitsifle过meseveralaverb打accorda打cewttreuremenofentranceexami打过tonorqsecondschoolstheresearcherfinallchosetherulesofModalVerbsastheteachi打contents,ygof化eexperimentallesson.3.1.2WorksBeforetheClassAbouttwoweeksbeforetheEnlishrammarlesson化eresearcherhavedoneasurvegg,yamonallthestudentsinboththeExperimentalClassandtheControlClass.Thesurveyhasgt-tt化ewhichwasca.Bbeenmadebuesionnaireslledasreuesionnairesefbrecarrinouyq,qypg-tttheweHdesinedexerimenalgrammarlessonheresearcherwaMedtok打owmoreaboutgp,,thestudentsattitudestowardsthetraditionalEnglishgrammarCachingclassandget〇1〇化^ormatouttseaofEn-inf.1taionabsudentlrningglishgrammarSo;heprequesionnirewasdesinedandconductedtocollectmoredataandinformationabouttheirattitudesg,exectatio打sa打dsuesto打s〇打E打shrammarteac.pggiglihinggAboutoneweekbeforethesituationalgrammarteachinglesson,theresearcheragaingaveauizforallthestudentsinthetwoclassesto1;estwhetherl;hestudentscanunders1:andqModa-andalyl;herulesof化elVerbsor打otwhichwascalledasre化St.Actuall化erearepp,py,e--25hemsinrtestresentini打multilechoiceuestionsandafillinwhichallrelatedp,pgpqgpg,tothelawsandrulesoftheModalVerbs.Andinanightclasst:heinstructorassi打edl;heuiz,gq28
tothestudentsandaskedthemt;ofi打ishitin20mi打Wes.And泌ercollectingtheanswersheet*-roftheretestcooerati打withtheinstuctor,化eiesearchercorrected化e化巧aersandp,pgpp,thencoimtcdupandanalzedthenmrksofthestudentsinthetwoda巧es.y3.2ClassImplementationThedesinndtheimlementationarethefocalointof.gappthewholeteachinexerimentgp了hemai打dateandi打form泣tionth泣tthisstudyneededarcb江S6do打thissitu泣tic打alramm扣genrefreereearcherhasenmuimronerimenlsso.Theothsstsochleandenetheextal,pgyp1巧son.3.2.1TeachinDesinggStudyingandresearchingtheoperationsandcasesofthesituatedcurriculumandresearchingthetheoriesoftheSTAtheresearcheristrintodesinasituationalrammar,yggg*hinlesnnthetoi.teacgsoocoftheModalVerbsAfteranalzinthestudentstextbooksandpyg化enconfirmingthetopicsandteachingcontentsof出eexperimentalgrammarda巧,theresearcherbegantoseektheteachingmaterialswiththeheloftheinstructorforwhoapreibfrherclearideaaboutwhatkindofmaterialsasutaleostudents.CombiningtheseteachingmaterialstheresearcherdesinedanexerimentalEnlishrammarlessonAviththeteachin,gpgggmethodolooftheSTA.Andaccordintotheconcetionteachinlanandsecificteachingygp,gppgrocedur的weredesignedfor化esituationalrammar化achinlesson.pgg虹ordertomaketheteachingdesig打implementedintheCla巧2successfully,theresearcher出scussedwkhthein巧motoron化eteachingdesinaainandaain.Directi打atggggros-rmrthepblemandinconfoitappeaedi。thediscussionandexchangebetweentheyresearcherand化einstructor,the巧search巧mo出fiedtheteachingplanrepeate姐ytoensuretheexperimentalrammarlessoncanbeconductedwithoutahitch.g3.2.2TeachinPracticegAswhatwehave出scu化edabove,Cla巧1is化eControlCla巧.TheinstructorMissYang29
choseanEnlishclasstoresentrulesoftheModalVerbsi打thetraditionalbachinmethods.gpgInthislessonMissYanfirstrese打1;edandwrotedown1:he化nmodalverbswhichshewas,gpointoleadthestudentstoreviewtoda.Thensheexlainedtherulesofeachmodalverbsggyponebo打eandsometimesshereminded化estudentsoftakinno化s.Andfinallshey,gy,assinedsomeexercisesforstudentstoconsolidatewhatshehastauhtintheclass.Andinggthisclass.MissYangspe打thalf1;hetimeinpresenti打gandexplaini打gtherulesoftheModalVerbsandthestudentssentmostofthetimeintakin打Mesbutnotarticiatinintheclass.,pgppgAndrtierearesnoactivitiesandamesdurinrtie化achinrocess.gggpAstheexperimentalgrammarlesson,Class2wasalsocarriedoutanEnlishclassontheg1:opicofModalVerbson化esameday,butwhatmakesitdiferentis1:hat1:hegrammarlessonconductedinClass2wasbasedonl;heSTA.Accordingto化e化achingplandesignedby化eresearcher,化einstructorMissYancarriedoutthesiUiationalgrammarlesson.AndinthisgexerimentallessonMissYanavethelessoninaccordancewith化e化achinla打.Firstlp,gggpy,shecreatedandsetaspecificsituationfor化estudentswi化aictureandsomeorallanuaepggdescriptio打andthe打sheaskedthestudentstomakea打assumtionthattheweretheerson,pypin化epicture,and1:henguide1;hemtospeakouttiheserUenceswith1:hemodalverbs.After化eoraressthestentswereaskedtothkovertheminsarefthemodalexionudineanndulsolp,gverbsthehaveusedoraccessedinthese打1.Ty;encestheyproducedherewasalsoagroupdiscussionamongthestudentstoleave比eenoughtimeforstudentstoretrospectandsummarizerulesofModalVerbs,andduri打gt:heprese打tingofthegrammarfocus,Mi巧Yang*gavemoiechanceforstudentstospeakouttherulesbythemselvesandshejustcorrectedsomemistakesandmadeaconclusionaboutl:heModalVerbs.Andatlast.MissYanguseda打activitofmakinga打iiUerviewtohelstudentsreviewandconsolidatewhattheainedfromypygEnTh'glishclass.ewholesituationalgiammarlessonisbasedonasituationsetatt;hebein打i打oftheclassandthereweresoma打classactivitiesandamesdurintheteachingg,ygggrocess.p3.3AssessmentAfterClass,StudentsfeedbackofthesiUiationalgrammar化achinglesso打is化ebestmeasure化olfor30
the巧isearch巧化research化eteachingKsuhsoftheapplicationof化eSTAingrammar*teachingclass.Alsotheteacherscommentsonthesituationalrammarteachinlessonand,gg’studentserformancesintheclassarealsoimortantinevaluatinthislesson化estudppg.Soy-discussedtheostclassassessmentfromboththestudentsandtheinstructor.pAft巧thesituationalgramm扣lesson,theClass2wasrequired化accomplkha-uepo巧qstionnakein巧veminutes.T扣s〇8*<116811〇1111〇1巧wasdesinedandconductedonl口[gyfortheExperimentalClass化theyhaveexeriencedthesituationalrammarlessonthatis化pg,saytheyhaveaccessed化theSTAandknowwhatkindoflesson化waswhentheteacherappliedtheSTAtothegrammarteachingclass.ComparingwiththepastexperiencesoftraditionalEnlishrammarteachinclassthestudentsinexerimenthad化finish化6ggg,post-uestrepionnai.qInn’ofnthenightcla化ofthesameday,theistructorMissYaggatheredall化estudentsClass1andClass2andasked化em化accomplish化equestionsinQuizTwo,whichwasalso-wcalledasostt的t.Theexercisesandt的tsarethebe巧afortheinstructorandtheresearcherpytomeasuretheteachingeflBciencyofthetwokindsofEnglishgrammarteachinmodel.Intheg-limitedtimestudentshadtofinishthe化Staersandthescowsoftheostte巧hadbeen,ppp--collected.Comparingthescoresoftheretestwiththescoresinosttestther的earchercanpp,g功toknowwhethertheEnglishramm肚teachinmodelcanhelstudentswith化erammarggpgrnndmnrleaingornot.AthecoparisobetweentheExperimentalClassandtheContolClassalsoshoweduswhichgrammarteachingclassismoreusefulingrammarteachingandlearning.Aftertheimlementationofthesi化ationalrammar1的sonthe化acherwasinvi化dtopg,haveaninterviewabouttheapplicationof化eSTAinEnglishrammarteachin.Pointinatggg化esametopicsandgrammarknowledge,MissYanghaveu化dtwokindsoftheteachingmethodstocarrouttherammarteachinclassesandshemusthavearofoundandclearyg,gpfeelingon化etwokindsofgrammarteaching.Andduring化eclass,化einstructorMi"Yang’hadthechance化haveaninteractionwiththestudentsand浊6also出rectlfeltthestudents,y’enthusiasminlearninggrammarandobservedstudentsperformanc的inclass.Sotheresearch知reared江setofuestionsfor化einstructortogetmoreinformationandtoanalyzeppqthesituationalrammar化achinclassbetter.gg31
ChapterFourResultsandAnalysisThischa化rresentstheres山tscollec1;edandcountedfromtheuestionnairestestsppq,,classroomobservationandiWerviewand1:hendiscussesandanalzesthedataandinformation,yaccordingto1;heresearchurposeanduestions.pq4.1DataAnalysisoftheQuestionnairesAccord2ha-into化edesignof化eexperimenttheClassstodo化ereuestionnaireg,pqs-sandtheoiirrin;hrimenwhthssept:quetonnaedugteexpetileeClas1onlyhatodoth--prequestion打aire.Thereuestionnairewasdesignedtomakea化oroughinuiryaboutallpqq,studentsstateinlearningEnglishgrammarandtheirexpectationsonEnglishgrammar,'化-achinc.Andttestimsatntsndcommentson化eglassheposuionnaiiesastudefeelinsaqgsituationalgrammarlesscm.Thefollowingartsarethediscussionsandanalysisoftheresultspof--化ereestionnaireandtheostuestionnaire.pqupq-4.1.1ResultsofthePrequestionnaireBeforetheexperiment,auestionnairewasCO打ductedinbothClass1andClass2.Theq*woresearcherissued86uestionnaiiesinl;hetclassesandafterremovintheincomleteq,gpquestionnairesandeliminatinginvalidones,83validque巧ionnaireswerecollectedinthis〇surve.Sotheuestionna96.5.Andyqireseficiencyis/〇thefollowi打gdiscussio打wasbasedonthe83validuestionnaires.qTh-ereuestionnaireisaimingatgettintoknowthebackgroundinformationpqg,esecial1plytheinformationinEnglishrammarlearninof;he巧udents.Toaccomlishtheggpexeriment化estudneedsaclasstoconduct化eexerimentallessona打dano化erclasswhichp,ypwasusedasthereferenceobecttochecktheou化omesof1:heexeriment.Ifwewantthejpm*resuhsof1;heexperientmoreieliableandpersuasive,化eexperimentshoulddiminishthediferencesbetwee打theExerimentalGlassa打dtheGontrolGlass.Sothemostimortantaimppofre-uestonnareistoccel;her1estudentsnass1andass2havelesmarpqiihekwh;hiClCl;hiilEnlishsituationandlearni打conditions.FromtheFiure3andFiure4itisclearlshowingggg,yg32
thattherearemoreboysinbothtwoclass的buttheender出stributionsofthetwoclassaregsimilarfor65.1%ofthestudentsinClass1arebosandinClass2bosaccountfor62.5%.y,yFromallthedatacollectedinthestudwecanfmdthatthestudentshavethesimilary,con出tionsinEnglishgramnmrlearningproc的ssuchasthesamelearningenvironment,parallelEnglishlevelorthesamerecognitionontheimportanceoftherammar.AnditcanbegpreliminarilyconductedthatGlass1andCla巧2meettherequirementsoftheexerimentandpcanbesetas化eExperimentalClassand也eControlClaw.GenderDistributionofClass1CumulativeFrecm色ncvPercentValidPercentPercentValid128郎.165.1閒.1古153么934.9100.0Total?100.0100.0巧Fiure3gGenderDistributionofClass1CumulativeFrequencyPercentValidPercentPercent"Valid1巧忘^eTT女巧37.537.5100.0Total401000000.1.巧gure4ExceptfordeterminingtheExperimentalClassandtheControlClass,the,*re-imi打pquestionnaiealsoKsearchesthestude打tsrouti打estateinleagEnglishgrammar.Combiningallthequestionnai化scollectedfromClass1andClass2,wegetthedescriptive5statisticsoftheS3uestionnaires.FromthefollowinFiure化isnotdificulttofindthatqgg,hlu巧ldiminre-utionnairifromone化fivetevaeeofeachtepqeses.Accordingtothedescriptionof化equestionnaire,化eminimumvaluemeanscompl巧eagreementand化emaximumvaluemeanscompletedisagreementwiththestatementstheuestionnairesresent.qpAndthecloserthemeansofeachitemistotheminimumvalue,themorerespondentswillagreewiththe巧atementsandviceversa.The巧r巧threeitemsaredesig打ed化researchu^stdentsmotivationonEnglishrammarteachin.ThemeansinFiure5indicatesthatthegggyarenotsointerestedinEnglishrammarclassandthestudEnlishrammarustbecausegyyggj33
化eywanttoainhihscoresinEnlishexaminatio打sbutnotbecauseof化eirin化rest.Thegggrt’fohandthefi汽hkemarepoi打tingtostudentsrecognitionabouttheimortanceofthep0EnlishrammarCachinandlearnin.ThedatainFiure6show化at53/0of化estudentsgggggcomeeareetaearnnEnrammarwecanhesdotternunderstandpltlyghtligglishlllpubeiingg,Fth化theEnlishlanguage.rom6to8aninuiraboutstudentscurrentsiUiatio打oflearning,qygEnglishgrammarisconducted.Andoverhalfof化estudentsdenythat化eywillstudyor0preview化eEnglishrammarwith化eaidoframmarbooksafterclass.Only26.5/0of化eggstudentsagreethattheywillaskteacheruestio打swhentheyetintroublesduri打theEnlishqgggA'grammarlearningrocess.sforstudentsattitudestowardsthetraditionalrammarteachinpgg0classaswecanseefromFiure851outof83students61.4/0thinkthe化aditionalEnlish,g,()grammarclassesarelackofactivitiesandamessothefeelboredinclass.InFiure9ggyg,〇73.5/i)ofthestude打tsholdthatteacherse打tmostofthetimeinexlai打i打therammarppggoththintsandwhat1:heyhavetodoi打化eclassistaki打nol:es.Thedataof12to14Uemspgsuested化atmostof化estudentsexpectthe化achertogive化egrammarinstructionswithggspecificsituationsorlivelyactivities.*Descr-itveatisticsofeieuesto打打airepiSt也PqiNMinimumMaximumMeanStd.Deviation ̄第1题83r〇05002..6627107383第2题831.004.00.958.9487311第3题83..1.00500331331.32451第4题831.004.001.7閒0.944的5题83.第1004.002.581.992181第6题83....100500340961370747题83..0..第1005034819136472第8题831.005.002.6747.93M59题83...第1005.0022892117422第10题.00..8315.0037470127684第11题831.004.001.8916.96287第12题831.005.002.53011.11899第13题83.1005.001.9036.99529第14题831.005.001.7閒0.90514ValidN(listwi83Fiure5g34
Da-taAnalysisofItem4inPrequestionnaireCumulativeFrequencyPercentValidPercentPercent____________"Valid1.0044贾5sTo53.02.002024124177...1300.1416.9化9940.4.0056.06.0100.0Total8310001000..巧gure6Da-taAnalysisofItem7inPrequestionnaireCumulativeFrequencyPercentValidPercentPercent ̄ ̄Valid1.001012.012.012.02.00214514551..300.13巧.715.742.24.002428.928.971.1500.2428.928.9100.0Total83100.0100.0巧gure7Dam-taAnalysisofIte9inPrequestionnaireCumulativeFrequencyPercentValidPercentPercent_Valid1.0027瓦1瓦132.52.002428.928.961.43.008118151..179.54.001518.118.197.65.00222.4.4100.0Total83100.0100.0Figure8Dm11-ataAnalysisofIteinPrequestionnaireCumulativeFrequencyPercentValidPercentPercent—■ ̄ ̄Valid1.0037U644644.62.002428.928.973.53.001619.3巧.392.84.0067.27.21000.Total83100.0100.0巧gure9出,m-The15化eofreuestionnaireisused1:0collectstudentssuestionsonhow化carrpqggyoutanexcellentEnlishramnmrclass.As化isanoenandotionaluestionstudentswhoggppq^35
83*化havesomethingtosaycanwri化downtheirsuggestions.Among化equestionnaiies,ereare39studentsgave化eirvaluableideasa打dadvice.From化e化Stmessage,overhalfof化e39*students22studentssuest化at化e化achershouldmake化eEnlishiammarclassmore()ggggnterestnandactiveandonethirdofestudentsmentont1:eterearemoreii化i化aheyho;hg,pactivitiesandgamesintheEnglishgrammarclass.Moreover,somestudentssuggestusing*moieChineseinexplanationofthegrammarpointsandsomestudentsevenrefertobachingEnlishrammarwithsecificandlivelsituations.ggpyThereforeheresu-tltofthereuestionnairehasshownusthatthestudentsarenot,pqsatsiettrrentsrammarcass.IntroonttaifdwihhecuEnlihlheiinihebelievethanggp,yttttEi打teresti打andrelaxinggrammarclasscanattracheiraentioninnlishclassandthegg,yexpecttheycanlearntheEnglishgrammarbyusingEnglish,playingi打thegamesandactivitiesexeriencinsecificsituationsandsoon.,pgp4-.1.2ResultsofthePostquestionnaireAftert:heinstructorerformedthesituationalrammarlessoninClass2theresearcherpg,carriedou-t化eostuestionnaireto化estudentsi打theClass2again.Thereare12uestionspqq-inostuestionnaireandtheresearcherhasissued41uestionnairesandot41pq,qguestio打打airesbackfinall.Andafterthefiltratio打oftheinvalidandincomleteonesthereqyp,°are40validuestionnairesleftatlast.Solheuestionnaireseficiencis.6andtheq;q97/〇y,followi打gresearchontheteachi打geficie打cyofsituationalgrammarlessonisbasedonthedataof40uestionnaires.qFroml;hemeansofeachil:eminFigure10,1:hestudentsinClass2largelyagreewiththe--statementsinpostquestiormaires.Thefirstthreeitemsofostuestionnairearedesi打edtopqginvestigatestudentsattitudestowards1;heexeriment;allesson.AccordintoFiure11andpggFiure12,82.5%of化estudentsagree化at化eyeno化eexerimentallessonand27studentsgjypamonther巧endentsaree1:hat1;heexerimentallessonisinterestinandlively.Asforthegpgpg,化^stude打tserformancesi打theexerimentalfromthemeansof4and5itemwecanettopp,,gknowthat化6巧udentsspeakhighlyoft;heirow打performancesandmo巧of1;hemarewillingtotakethisexerimentallessonevenparticipateinclassactivitiesmoreactively.Thevaluesofp36
化^’7imbonh-the6andtheteareaisedtestude打tsselfassessme打toftheirlearningoutcomesintheexperimentallesson.Andthemeansaremoredose化theminimumvaluesothestudents,aremorelikelytosuortthatthedidaoodobi打化daysrammarclassandtheyrasedppygjggptherammarknowledebtheamesandtheactualsituationcreatedi打Class2.AftertheggygimplementationofEnglishgrammarteachingclasswhichwascombinedwiththeSTA,the,studyhas化make泣survey化knowstudentsexpectatio打sontheEnglishgrammarclass.Havinexeriencedthesituationalrammar1的sonthestudentsmakeitclearthatalicationgpg,ppnoftheSTAinE打lishrammard泣巧cahelthemwiththeirlearnininEnlishrammar.ggpgggAndtheyalsoclaimthattheliketheteachinmodelofClass2andthehoethattheteacherygyp化canadopthisteachingmodelinthefUtu巧?Andthe10itemshowsus化atstudentsaremorerestnnndconfidentinclassduringtheexperimentallesson.Withinteigsituatiosaeasamesyg,theapplicationoftheSTAinEnglishrammarteachi打da巧bri打smowchanceforstudentsgggtotakeartinthed贫巧,andstudentscanfecirelaxedandcomfortablesothebecomemorepyandmoreconfidentintheclass.Drit-escpiveStatisticsofthePostquestionnaireNMinimumMaximumMeanStd.Deviation ̄WiM40LWr〇01.7750.73336第2题401.004.002.1巧0.91111苗第3题401.005.002.45001.1脱24第4题401.005.002.25001.08012第5题401.005.002.75001.103时第6题401.005.002.4巧01.1朋11第7题401.005.002.3巧01.1巧32第8题401.005.002.32501.2铅说第9题401.005.朋2.50001.17670第10题401.004.002.4巧0.93060化lidN("stwi说)40Figure10Dt1-aaAnalysisofItemin?〇81;116811〇1111〇1巧9CumulativeFrequencyPercentValidPercentPercent_Valid100.164〇T〇ioTo40.02.001742.542.582.53.0071751751000...Total40100.0100.0巧gure1137
Da2Po-taAnalysisofheminstuestionnaireqCumulativeFrequencyPercentValidPercentPercent ̄ ̄ ̄Vald.0i1011Wl27527.52.00640.0401.067.53.001025.025.092.54.0037.57..51000Total100.010040.0Fiure12gth^T-he11and化e12i化mof化eostuestionnairearealsotheoe打andotionalpqppquestions.Andaccordingto化eirinmostfeelin,27outof40studentshavewrittendown化eirgexpectationsandsuggestionsontheEnglish化aching.Afterclassifyingand-analzinthel:extinformationcollecl:edinostuestionnaireiMerestmandactiveEnlishygpq,ggrammarcasssstitstfreentexressioninstudentseectatonsandsuesonsglillhemoqupxpiggti.Andmoreactivitiesandamesarementionedaaininmostofthestudentswords.Whilewhatgg*makeseesu-化rltsof化epostuestionnairesdifeientis比atoverhalfof化estudentsadvicetoqal化eSTAto化eEnlishrammar化achinclassandsomestudentsevendirectlointppygggypout化at化achershouldhavethegrammarCachinclassinsamewaasClass2.gy4.2DataAnalysisof化eTestsThestudyhasdesignedtwot;estsintheexperimenttoseewhetherthereareanydiferencesinthescoresbetweenClass1andClass2.Twoweeksbeforetheexerimentalphe*rammarlessonstudentsinttwoclasseswereatheiedtofinishtheuizrelatedtotheg,gqModalVerbs.Andaf化rthesituationalgrammarlesson,化einstructoragainassignedthes-tude打tstohaveaosttestonwhatthehavelearnedintheclass.Andthebasicinformationpyt-tt-ttdofhereesandpostesisresentei打Fiure13.pgpA-ccordi打totheaveraescoresoftheretesti打theExerimentalClassa打dtheControlggppClass,wecanmakeconclusions1;hatfirstly1;heEnglishlevelsofClass1andClass2aresimilar.SecondlythetraditionalEnlishrammarclassesmakelittleachievementso打the,gg,-dentli.Finall化escoresof1hrttttstusearnnoframmar;eeesalsoshow化a:hereisalacky,ggpofsystematic化achingontitlerulesofModalVerbsi打化eireverydayEnglishgrammarso-Cachintheainedanunsatisfactorresultsintheretest.g,ygyp38
Ba--sicInformationofthePretestandPosttestOverBelowCih--lassesTestsAverageHgestLowest607940巧8040rimPre-11Expeentest35.22058800625>-6始9923292002talClassIosttest64.1-04ControlPretest35.577870101526a-e0ClssPosttst5.44448416212229Figure13en-WcaseefromFiure13泌班化eweUd的inedEnlishrammarlessonnomatering,ggg扣onm-化etradalmethodorinsituationalteachingethod,化eaveraescoresof出eostte巧hasgpbeenincreased,butthescoresoftheExperimentalClassismuchbetterthantheControlClassnomatterintheaveragescoreorinthenumbersofthestudentswhosemarkisover80\pndove0-r6.AndfromtheHi巧ogramsofthescoresinposttestoftheControlClassandthe*ExperimentalClass,wecanseethattherearemorestudentsscoresareover80intheExperimentalClassandoverhalfofthestudentsintheExperimentalClasspassedtheexaminationwhichistwiceasmuchasthenumberofthestudentsintheControlClass.Ifwe,(0henda'set6ast巧ardlineAllth的einformationsueststhatthealicationoftheST每in)ggppEnlishrammarda化canbringamoreefectiveteachingoutcomeduringtheEnglishggteachininJuniorHihSchool.Andinorder化make化e化Stconform化化ereuirementsfggoqhnd'terdof化6enanceexaminairrhoolheIeearchchondistaatrtonfosecondaysc,tsseadesignedtheuestionsfromastentranceexaminationinHunanrovincewiththeheloftheqpppMinrefrernrounernrinstructorssYa.TheothedifficultofthetestsishihethatitestsfoJuiog,ygTwowhich化somedereeresultsthescoresofthe化stsisnotverideallikethatofthe,gy-routine1.willmrulfhsthahesudeni;estsButestcanseefrotheestsoteotesttttttsnthe,pExrimtlClass出dar化in化l.eenabetteobthanestudentseControClasspj39
Pos-estcoresofttStheClass120——15Siaan■■.WM50.4444一害Std.0?v.-5.口IIII110904.IIIIIN■4。I0.002000.40.0060.008000100..00Fiure14gPosWe巧Scoresof化eClass2—14IVteon?i.G4如*::;;:Std.DwY.-.0:H1484说8rIII?IN4130.00-40.00巧000600070.0080.00幻00100.000Fiure15g4.3Analsisof化eCla巧roomObservatyionBe化re化e防perimemalgrammarclass,也eKsearchhasalreadconducted化eclassroomyobservations,andClass1andClass2wereinvolved.From化eclassroomob化rvation化e,化化archerhasalreadknownthe巧ateofyreularEnslihrammarclass.stoftgggMohetime化6,teaserre化ntedandexlained化erammarsindetailsandstudentsppg化oknotescarefiilly.AndonlythestudentswhoseEnglishlevelarereatandthosewhoareacuaiWedwhhMissgqYangresponsestotheteacherenergeticallyintherammarclass.gIn侃sstudwhenMissYanave化eEnlishram化achy,ggmarinass1ggg化Clin化etraditionaHeachinmethod-itwasstilla化acherorgien化dclassandstudent,swereUsteningto40
the化achersquietly.Therewerenoactivitiesoramesi打化eclassandsomestudentsareeve打g,打rammarcesso打w打ansleeintheclass.Whileithegteahi打gliththesituatiolteachigpymethods,MissYanghasorganizedthediscussio打sforthreetimes.Thestudentsarcdividedrsdurinherime打alrammarlessint出u化ionndintosixgoupandteexton,ensescsa,gpgexchanesaretakenlaceintheserous.Meanwhileo打thebasisoftherouh巧atisticsgpgp,g,collectedbtheresearcher17studentsanswered化eteachersuestionsvoluntarilandy,qywillingly.Andtheexperimentalgrammarlessonwasendedwhh泣ameofmakeaninterviewgbadontheituttthebei打flinft.ndnmosesationsseahecl泣ssAitheamertofthestudentsggo,sgwereconcentrati打gonroducin汪comleteinterviewwithwhatthehavelearnedinthepgpyevirndener.class.ThewholclasswasfullofgoagyInbrief,withtheapp巧cationofthespecificsituation,itisobviousthatEnglishgrammarmo*cl泣巧became111〇巧ioteresti打gandattractive.Andstude打tsintheExerime打talCl泣巧areiepactiveandenergeticintherammarclass.g4.4AnalysisoftheInterviewTheinterviewmainlyaimsattheEnglishteacherwhocarriedouttheEnlishgrammarg分teachingclassClass1andClass2.Thestudentsarethecenteroftheclassandthisstudneeds,ymoreinformationaboutthestudentsandtheirstatesonEnglishgrammarlearnin.Meanwhile,g’theteach巧steachingmethodsandfeelingsingrammar化achingrocessarealsosinificantpginthestudiini泌eexlrammrless.y.Soasnecessartx)tervew化6teacher巧therimentaaonypg'Accordingtotheinterview,therewasasurveoftheteachersattitudeandcommentsonytra出tionalgrammarteachingclass.Duringtheinterview.Mi巧Yansaidtherewereusuallgytwoways化presentthegrammarintraditionalEnglishteachingcl化s:theteach巧explainsthegrammaroints化thestudentsdirectlyorstudents出scussfirstandthenthe化achermakesapconclusionintheend.ButshealsosaidthatthemosttimesheaswellastheotherEnglishacherhoosetheformerwaasthe-stescylateroneistimeconumingandlowefficiencyinrammarh-teacinclass.ActuallnlishrammarclaMCSare化achercenteredinJuniorggy,EggHihSchool.虹add扣onMissYanindicated化atstudentsusuallketsilenceintheg,gyprammarclassandfewstudentsaskedheruestionsorreacted!:〇heruestionsactivel.Andg,qqy41
mostofthetime,theCachingoiUcomesof比egrammarteachi打gclassareinloweficiency-化ustlikewhatrevealedin化ereSt.jpM,InrtieirUerviewissYanalsomadeacommentonstudentserforma打cein化e,gpexerimentalrammarlesson.Accordintoherstatements,studentsaremoreactivelinClasspggy2.ThesiUiationalrammarclassrovidesasecifice打vironmentfor巧udentstoexre巧gpppthemselvesandthearemorewillintoarticiatei打theE打lishclassandseakEnlish.As,ygp呂gppr-fo化e化achineficiencyeresultsof化eosttestcanbeanicedemonstrationtoverif化eg,化py化achingresultof比esituationalgrammarclass.Andfrom化eexercisesoftheirhomework.MissYan呂pointed化atwhatmakeshersurprisedis化atevensomestudentswho化Englishisalittlepoorcanworkoutpartof化eexerciseof化eModalVerbs.Thatistosay,theyhaveainedsome化infrom化isle巧o打.ggT’helastpartofthein化rviewistoinvestigate化achersinmostfeelingabo山化esituationalrammarCachin.MissYanthinkshihloftheexerimentalrammarlesson.ggggypgShesaidshefeltrelaxedwhenivingt:hesituationalrammarlessonforstudentsi打Class2ggaremoreactivei打thecass.hehettcatio打ofeisrammarlSldha化eappli化STAinEnglhgCachingclassprovidedsituationsfor巧udentstouseEnglishtocommunicatewitheachothersandstudentsenjoyedthisgrammarlesson.Studentswereattractedbyt:hespecificsituationsintheclassso比ebecamemoreinterestedinthislesson.,y,Summarizingwhathavebeenmentionedabovefromthe1:eachersointofviewthe,p,alicationoftheSTAinEnlishrammarCachinclasscanrovidemoreoortunitiestoppgggpppexosetotheEnglishlanuagewhichisbeneficialforstudentstoimrovetheEnlishpg,pglanguagecompetenceandbehelpfulfortheirlearningofthegrammar.Moreover,bycreatingandsettin1:hesecificsituationsi打化erammarclassboth化e化acherand化estudentsfeelgpg,comfortableandrelaxedduringthegrammar化achingandlearningprocess,soitismore1化elytohaveasuccessfulEnlishrammarclass.gg42
ConclusionHavindoneall化eresearch的andanalsisabovethis化esisroosedseveralefectivegy,ppstrategiesabouthow化integrate化eSTAin化化eEnglishramnmr化achinclassinJuniorggHighSchoolandprovedthattheapplicationoftheSTAcanimprovetheteachingeflBciencyoftherammarteachin.Accordinto也edataandinformationcollectedfrom出eexerimentgggp,bothstudentsandteacherenoyedthesituationalgrammarteachingclass.Theallbelievedjythat化eappHcationof化eSTAinEnglishramm站teachinda妨inJuniorHihSchoolcangggmaketheda巧moreinterestingandattractive.Andafteranalyzingthedataofthequestionnairesandinterview,wecanmakeaconclusionthattheEnglishgrammarteaching'classwithsituationscanstimulateandarou化studentsinterestsinlearningrammar.Andlastgbutnotlea幻intheEnlishramnmrteachinclasswithsituationalteachinmethods,gggg,studentscandobetternomaterintheclassroomerformanceortheexercisesoftherammarpgpoints.SothedesignandapplicationofspecificandvividsituationscanhelptheteachercarryoutanEnglishgrammarteachingclassinanefectivewa.yWhiledue1:0thelimitofsomeobjectiveconditionsinthisinstructionalexperiment,化6化arestillsomeshortcomingsanddeficienciesinthisstudy.FirstlytheCentralSchoolof,GantianisaJuniorHighSchoolinvillagesoitcannotbedeniedthattheteachincondition,gseriouslyafected化eimplementationof化esituationalgrammarclassas也eSTAisbaseontheabundantandvividimagesaswellasthelivelysituations化stimulatestudentsemotional'mexperienc的andthen化arou化也eirinter的tsinlearningrammar.Whileitsore出ficultforgteacherstocreateasuitableandcomfortableenvironmentforstudentswiththesimpleandcrudeteachinsituationsandlearninenvironmentdurinthelanuaeteachin.Additionallggggggy,igivenmoretime,thisstudywillacheveabetterresultintheinstructionalexperiment.Thestudentsarethecenteroftheclass.Sobeforedesigningandcarryingoutthemstructionalexperiment,itisnecessary化get化knowtheclassroomperformancesandlearninghabitsofthestudents.Theresearcherhasnotimeandopportunhy化teachtheExperimentalClassand’*muntheControlClassinersonsowhattheiesearchercandois化comicatewithudentsp,st'EnglishteacherandtoobservethemoreEnglishclassesinthelimitedtime.However,wecantgetallinformationaboutthestudentsfromtheexchangesandclawroomobservationsandthe,43
studymaybemoreefediveandfruitfuliftheresearchercarriedouttheinstructionalexerimentintheclassestauhti打erso打.Atlastwhatisworthme打tio打inisthescoresofpgp,g--there1;estand化eosttest.Fromthedataandinformationdiscu巧edabovewecaneasilpp,yfindthat化eresultsof化e化Starenotsowell.Astheresearcherisnotoodatsettintheggquestio打sfortheexami打ations,tomakethetestquestionsmorevalid,theresearcherchosetoseecttheexercsesfromtreviousentranceexaminationsforsecondarschooastheteslihepltyquestionsinthetest.Sothetestsaremoredificultthanthatwasive打intheordinarylearninggprocess.Therefore,theresultsof化etestsespecially化eposWestarenotsatisfyi打gas化eresearcherexected.pDuetothelimitedtimeand化achingresources,thisstudyonlycarriedoutonettEnmm化isst.BtinsructionalexperimenintheglishraarachnclaofheJuniorHighSchoolugg’Hitsstillmeaningfiilfortherammar化achininJuniorihSchoolasitclearlyprovesthatg呂gtheapplicationofSTAinEnglishgrammarbachinginJuniorHighSchoolcanhelptheteacherstote泣chrammara打dthestude打tstole过mrammarmoreefectivel.And江5fortheggyresearcheritisust化ebeinninof化eresearchon化ealicationof化eSTAinEnlish,jggppg*grammarCachinginJuniorHighSchool,moieresearchersandexperimentsshouldbeconductedinthefuturepracticeofCaching.Afterenteri打呂the化achingpost,theresearchermahave化echancetocloselobserveandresearch化esUdentsandhavemoreoortunitiesyyipptointerate化eSTAinto化eEnlishgrammarCachingwhichwillrovidemoreinformationgg,panddatafortheresearcheson1:healicationoftheSTAinE打lishrammarCachininppgggJuniorHighSchool.44
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31.Wang,Qiang^CourseinEnglishLanguageTeaching,Beijing:HigherEducationPress,2006.'2YounD■3.avidJ.仇护〇油佑听左//励Oo/wwarBritain:AuchorBrendonUd1984.g,,g巧,,47
AendicesppAendxIPre-uesitionnaireppq英语语法教学调查问卷一()亲爱的同学们:本问卷旨在依据各位对问题的回答来了解巧中生英语语法学习的状况,问卷的问题并无对或错,请您根据您最真实的状况和意见来填写。问卷采取无记名方式,所得数据、仅供英语语法教学研究使用:1.,不会做其它用途,敬请放屯作答。填写方法请按自己一的实际情况如实填写。2.每个问题只选择个答案,请在相应的数字选项1、2、3、4、""5上划V(1表示完全赞同,2表示比较赞同,3表示无法确定,4比较不赞同,5.调查问卷用后需收回表示完全不赞同)。3,请不要在问卷上做任何记号。1。13.我喜欢上英语语法课2452.我学习英语语法是为了在考试得高分。123453。12.我学习英语语法是因为本人对英语语法感兴趣3454.我认为学好英语语法能帮助我们更好地理解英语语言。12345t我认为相较于英语语音和英语词汇而言,英语语法的学习是英语1234己学习中最重要的。一些语法辅导书自己预习或是学习语法46.我平时会借助。12357.在语法学习中遇到困难时,我会经常主动问老师。123458.平时老师布置的家庭作业中,语法的作业(如语法练习题,翻译12345题一,改换句型等题)占英语家庭作业的半。一9。4.我觉得平时的语法教学形式单,几乎没有游戏或活动123510.在W往的语法课,我会积极参与课堂活动,主动回答问题。12345.在W往的语法课234511,主要是W老师讲解学生做笔记的形式展开。112.我认为对我英语语法学习的兴趣W及学习成绩影响最大的是老1234己师的教学方法。13.我认为将所学的语法知识运用到实际生活情境中(如购物、自1234已48
我介绍。、描述校园、参观动物园等)能帮助我更好地学习语法14.我期望老师能英语语法教学课堂中创设丰富多彩的生活化情12345。景,在活动中去学习语法15.你对英语语法教学裸堂有什么好的建议?和-.r.v49
end-AixIIPostuestionnaireppq英语语法教学调查问卷(二)亲爱的同学们:本问卷旨在依据各位对问题的回答来了解初中生英语语法学习的状况,问卷的问题并无对或错,请您根据您最真实的状况和意见来填写。问卷采取无记名方式,所得数据。仅供英语语法教学研究使用,不会做其它用途,敬请放也作答填写方法:1.请按自己一的实际情况如实填写。2.每个问题只选择个答案,请在相应的数字选项1、2、3、4、""5上划V(1表示完全赞同,2表示比较赞同,3表示无法确定,4比较不赞同,5表示完全不赞同)。3.。调查问卷用后需收回,请不要在问卷上做任何记号1.我喜欢今天的英语语法教学课。12345I2.我认为今天的语法课生动有趣。123453.今天的语法课堂能调动我的学习积极性。123454135.我觉得今天老师对语法的讲解充满了乐趣,我很乐意上这24样的语法课。5.今天我的课堂表现很好4,积极参加课堂活动并且主动回答1235问题。6.今天课上的语法知识我不是通过死记硬背来记忆的,而是1234己在游戏和实际情景来记忆和应用的。7。12.我觉得我基本掌握了今天课堂上讲述的语法知识3458.我觉得讲语法融入到实际生活情景和游戏中教学能帮助我12345更好地学习与语法知识。一9.我喜欢今天的语法教学模式,希望老师能直使用送种模12345式教语法。10.如果用今天的教学模式上语法课,我对学好英语语法很有12345信屯、。50
?IL你对英语语法谋堂有怎样的期待12.你对英语语法课堂有什么更好的建议?51
Aend-pix虹Pretestp语法(情态动词)前测一、单项选择1.Theworkistoohardforhim.Hefinishitontime.'''D'A.ca打tB.mustntC.shouldnt.neednt2—M—.aIutb化ehere?ouYouttmNo.uiover化ere.ypy,yp’’,A.manotmaB.needntmustC.mustntshouldD.wontshouyld;y;;;3—mwi.Thefilllbeonathalfpasteiht.g—IOho打oworIw.illbelateforit,,gA.maybeB.mayC.canD.must4—Mu—No化.stIwater化e打owersnowouYoudoitlarmum?..,,y''''DA.must打tmust丘.mustntma.needntma.needntmust;;yC;y;'5——.IhearouveotanewiPhone4S.Ihavealook?Yescertainl.yg,yA.MayB.DoC.ShallD.Should,6——.Ido打tcarewhatmyt;eachersthi打k.Well,you。A.couldB.shouldC.wouldD.Might7——No1t.oumindclosin:hedoor?noatall.yg,A.ShouldB.CanC.MayD.Would8.Attheageofseven,IspeakalittleEnglish.A.havetoBcan.cl.CouldD.shoud二、请用所学的情态动词的正确形式填空。(can,could,may,might,should,will,would,shall,打eed,must等)'1——No.Shallwetakeataxi?we.Ittm,snofarfrohere.2.wedance?我们跳舞好吗?—-oucometomb3.yyirthdaarttomorrowevenin?ypyg,---II.Ihavetolookaftermsistermafraid.yLucyswimattheaeof巧ve.g52
’’---FiftllrsfrsuchaTshirt.m.doao!Youbeokin!ImseriousItsofi化adesyjg——Iborrowourhistorbook?Sure.Hereouare.yyy'—WheresDavid?—Hebeinthelaroundbecausehelikeslainbasketball.pygpyg——rrrforwhilYCouurou.ldIuseoueaseae?esofcose,yyYouhaveafev巧now.Andouo化化ethedoctor,shouldyg()’’——ItsrebeweDllbodlIasecttenus.ontteanese..yy一词H、请按要求完成下列各句,毎空(含缩写)。沈一I.Mbrotheranless.(改为yca般疑问句)pybrotherchess?2houlddohe出油e).Yousts.(改为否定句Youthedi沈的.3.CouldIopenthewindow?(作肯定回答)?,4.MayIsmokehere?(作否定回答)?,5.Hemustdoithimself.(改为同义句)Heahimself.6.Mysistercanrideab化e.(用whenshewas10ye肚sold改写句子)Msisterabikewhenshewas10earsold.yy7—Mustdlrfir).Iotheaundyst?(否定回答—.Youdoourhomeworkfirst.,y53
乂end-ixIVPost化Stpp语法(情态动词)后测一、单项选择1—.youleavenow?Youonlyarrivedherea打hourago.一Sorryb山somuchhomeworkiswaitinforme.,gA.MayB.MustC.CanD.Might2.ItbeTom.HehasonetoAmerica.g’,A.cantB.mus化tC.mayD.Can——MustIreturn3.1;hebookthisweek?Noou.Youkeeitfor20das.,yyp'ma'''A.mustntB.t.ntD.mut:yneedncanCeednmastncan;;y;,4.P巧ercomewithusl:onihtbutheisntversureet.g,yyA.mustB.mayC.canD.Will5——No.wectou.Yct.lean化eclassroomaonce?ouleaniafterschool,y—’,A.MustneedntmaB.Mustmustntcan.;;y;;,mu’C.ShallcantstD.Needmustntma;;;;y,^6——.sebooksts?ItPeters.eeiUeredtcaoomst.WhoihibeHhelssrunowjA.needB.couldC.shouldD.Will,,,——Mum7.Tom.Dontdrive化〇fast.Youhit化eotherscars.OKIwont.,,AtBneed.mt.ave.mus.CighDhto8—I—No.callMarhererihtawa?ouneedrft.Sheiso打1:hewahere.ygy,yyA.ShallB.CanC.MayD.Should二、请用所学的情态动词的正确形式填空。(cancouldmamihtshouldwillwould,,,,y,g,,shallneedmust等),,9'.ouwaitafewmoreminu化s?Itllbeourturnsoon.yy—MustIcomeatfour?—Ohnoou10..,,y11—meet—.Youmustcometo化einontime.OKI.,gM’12.arysarentshavebouhtalarehousewithaswimminool.Theybeveryrich.pgggp54
''13r.nnname..This出ctionabeTomsIthasAsonity’’—Wh—14.eresLucy?Imnotsure.Shebeintheschoollibrar.y15.1saidIdoanythingforhim.我说过我会为他做任何事。16He.inlfourbuthereadbooks.so,y——17!wehikin?..WhatanicedayoGoodideagg18.Wekeepthenewtraficlawandlearnhow化protectourselves.H一、请按要求完成下列各句,每空词(含缩写)。uu一19.Yomstsellourcar.(改为般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)ysellmcar?yYesou./Noou.,,yy20.Theboyis化le化writewithhislefthand.(改为同义句)Theboywithhislefthand.21一.CouldIcalloubthefirstname?(肯定回答)yy?,22—.MaIosurfinaloneDad?(同y.义句)gg—oinlad?surfaoneD.gg巧Iciml.(.answaone根据句意改写句子)Shewhenshewasonlsix.y24—uCldrbilehone?.ouIseoumoTim根据句意完成句子)yp,(—Ofcourseoucanbutouuseitinthereadinroom.y,yg25.MayIsmokehere?(作否定回答)■955
AendixVInterviewpp教师巧谈1?.您平时都是如何开展语法教学课堂的?2.学生在平时的语法课堂上会积极回答问题或是主动提问吗3?.平时的语法课堂教学后,学生做相关的语法习题的练习成效如何4.您平时的语法课是否有出现过学生经常保持沉默或是很难与学生进行互动的情况?5.您觉得结合情景教学法开展的语法课堂中,学生是否有主动发言或是积极参加课堂活动?6.结合情景教学法开展的语法课后,学生做相关的语法习题的练习效果如何?7.相比传统的教学方式,您觉得情景化的语法课是否能更好地阐释语法内容同时又能引发学生的学习兴趣?8.您觉得结合情景教学法开展语法课堂中,您是否觉得陈了传统的灌输式讲解外,语法知识也可W在轻松的环境中很好地被阐述?9.上完这次实验课后,您对学生的课堂表现及自身对语法知识的阐述与讲解是否满意?56
AppendixVITeachinDesininggg初中语法讲解一情态动词教案设计教学内容本课为语法课,具体内容是人教版教材涉及的中考语法考点之情态动词。一5cancoumald本节课共课时4分钟,主要是对人教版初中教材中涉及的,,y,might,will,would,shall,should,must和need态动词的意义及使等情用方法的归纳总结。教学方法本节语法课一改传统的灌输式语法教学模式,整堂课并没有过度关注语法一知识的讲解与分析,而是通过创设个情景,在情境中学习和运用情态动词。本节语法课采用的是情景教学法。本堂课所有的内容是在教师创设的个大的。情景背景下展开的,使得学生在情境中学会情态动词的使用规则,学W致用教学目标cancouldmay,mtw通过本堂课的学习,学生能够基本掌握,,i曲,ill,would,shall,should,must和need等情态动词的使用规则,并能灵活地使用情态动词进行英语会话。教学重点与难点本堂课的教学重点是can,could,may,mi曲t,will,would,shall,should,must和need等情态动词的使用规则的把握。本堂谏的教学难点是学生对情态动词的规则的归纳W及灵活地使用情态动词进行会话。57
TeachinroceduresgpStepsActivitiesIntentsLead-inTomake化estudentshaveaAskstude打tstorecallalltheModalVerbsStep1clearideaabouttheteachingtheyhavelearned.contents.ToprepareforthegrammarS化p2Showsomekeywordstostudents.化aching.1.Showapicturetostudents.S化p32丄etstudentsuesswhathaenedTosetaropersiUiation.gpppaccordinto化eicture.gpStage1Present()了ogetthemea打i打gofModalSleIRead1hestorandtrtotranslateit.:p;yyverbswiththecontext.1Dt巧th.iscussingroupsogerulesof化eTolearntherammarofModalgSte2Modalverbs.pverbs.2.TandSsCO打elude化erules.Stage2Practice()1.Askthestudentstuessthereaso打whoygToetamrwt1eruesfiliaih:hl呂themandrownedintheriver.'Ste1ofModalverbsandusethep2.FUte.1heblankswithModalvrbs化emtoexressserUences.p3.Translat;ethesentences.AskstudentstoredictwhattheywilldoifTopracticehowtousethepSt;ep2*theyweie化ema打intheriver.Modalverbs.Stae3Produceg()TotsshowstudenhowtouseStep1Showtwosamlesoftheinterview.ptheModalverbs.58
1.Askstudentstodoaninterviewabouttheonlookersforthedrownedman.Tou化theModalverbstoStep22.Ssdotheirinterviewsinrous.gpcommunicatewitheachother.Askseveralstudentsto巧sent化eirpinterview.Assignment1RithemlMalverbs.evewesofod2.WriteanarticletodescribewhathappenedTousetheModalverbstoStep1tni.ex.othemaandexpressourdeasresstheirideasyp3.Finishtherammarexercises.gBlackbo壯dwrhi打gdrown把...淹死,淹没can能力could委婉relative亲戚may可,祝愿might委婉、小commitsuicide自杀will多人称、意愿would意愿colleague同事一shall第人称should义务或责任unluckily不幸池一定nmust必须、eed需要,必须unfriendly不友好的59
AendixVETeachinProcedureDesininppggg情态动词教学过程设计Leadin1.reetnGig对情态动词的回顾T:WehavelearnedsomeModalVerbsbefore.Doyouknowwhat1:heModalverbsis?S:情态动词(可提示)TMod一一:Good.Socanourecallanalverbs?(我们起回顾下yy,我们前学过哪些情态动词?)S:can,could,may,miht,will,would,shall,should,must,need。(学生边说教g""师边在黑板上板书?,可适当提示学生。如:我能游泳,能用英语怎么说啊)Til(情态动词的使:Goodob!Thafswhatweareonreview:化eru巧ofModalverbsjgg化用)2.对新单词的熟悉TB:efore1;hatweshouldfirstlearnsomenewwords.Pleaselookat1;heblackboard.提前新单,(词的中英文都板书在黑板的右侧,带领学生学习新单词)T:drown把…淹死,淹没;relative亲戚;commitsuicide自杀;colleague同事;unluckily不幸地;unfriendly不友好的3.展示图片,导入本堂课的内容T:Ok,boysandgirls!PayaUentionplease!(展不PPT图片)Lookat化ispicture,and化inkaboutmyquestions:whathappened?Whatcanwefindfromthepicture?SI:Someo打efallintotheriver.S2:_Aboyissta打di打gbytheriver.S3:Theboyin1;heriverisaskinforhel.gp...学生自由作答(,教师重复每个学生的答案并帮其纠正言语的错误)T一:Okverood.From化eicturetwecanfind化atamanisdrowninin,y,(展示下张)g呂ppp60
thewaterandanothermanisstandingbytheriver.(此处再帯读新单词drown溺水,淹没)’T:Letsdoague巧game!Suppose/Ifyouarethemaninthewater,whatwouldoudo6rst?ySI:Askforhelp!T:Goodanswer!Heillfrhel。Will做情志动词是不是表示waskop.他将会向周围的人求救""""意愿还可表将要...Anonelse?yeS2:Swim化化eriverbank.T:Sohemustknowhow化swim.他必须知道怎么游泳。Must在这里是什么意思?一:必须S,定,肯定...学生发挥想象自由作答,教师重复学生的答案的同时尽量使用情态动词(,并翻译重复的句子从而唤起学生对情态动词用法的记忆。)"T:Youguyshavedoneagreatob!Themaninwa化rwi"say:Hel!Hel!Whocansavejpp。m的T一manwh:Howaboutanotherman?张t)Ifouarehe!出nb化eriver(展示下t巧扣atppygy,wouldoudo?ySI...:S2:...S3:...学生自由作答,强调或是点(,老师重复学生的内容拨与情态动词有关的部分)Tome*tusttrownnandIanAvsave:OkssdentmahinkthatheisdicSimsoIwill,yTpp)g,一h一im.(点拨下情态动词,比如说在翻译解释句子的时候提下may,can,will的意义)'m一w'T:Otherstudentsaysay点Tt)Ishouldsavehim.ButIcantsimsoIwontsave(pp,""’’him.此处可提示should表示应该,cant,wont是can和will的否定式()一T化的.:Okallswersareouru的es展示下张PPTSodoouwhat化knowwha,e抑sytg()’happened化theman?Andwhatstheresults?(前面讨论的都是我们的猜测,那大家想不想知道到底发生了什么?掉水里的这个男人最后又怎样了?)Present1.Readthestory’T一l.:Oketsreadthestor展示下张PPT),y(T:Haveyou扫nishedyourreading?Okj出scusswithyourgroupmembersandtr化translatey61
化e巧oryiMoChinese.(点击PPT,出现红色情态动词)Duringyourtranslation,pleasep巧atenton1othemeaninoftheredwords.i;g(读完故事后,请大家分姐讨论如何翻译送个故事。大家翻译的过程中特别要注意红色字体标记的几个情态动词的意义)Tkstohere.willasksomestudents化ranslate化esoroneseMencebone化n化nee.:OItt,pyy’化Whodliket;oanslate化efirst化Mence?S:有个男人掉水里了。T:Goodob.Hethinksomebodymustsavehim.Whowant化haveatr?yjS:他想必须要有人来救他。’m""TowhatseeaninofmustThinkabot:Good!S化g?山i!S一:必须,定,肯定T’:GreatLetsoonThehird化n化nces?!!tg...学生翻译为主,教师对情态动词的意义与使用规则进行提问,唤起学生对情态动词的(用法的回忆)2.Discu巧化erulesof也eModalverbsToustotrsofeModaerbea.:Oknowdiscussinre化eule化lvswehavelrned,pg(大家组g的形式讨论我们学过的十个情态动词的意义W及使用规则),""T:Ok,timesup.So,firstwhafs化emeaningofmust?一Ss:必须,定,肯定T:Great!(点击PPT,讲解must的意义和用法。PPT中出现了need,顺势将need的用法"’"""也进行讲解)How化outneed?Whatsthemeaningofneed?Ss:需要,有必要TL,:etsseeittogether.讲解情态动词need()"’"wlT:Letsoonhafshemeaninofil?g!Wtig""Ss......:表示意愿"H"T:ow化out化ewould?""Sswill......:的过去式T:(点击PPT,讲解will和would)""""T:Anystudentwants化saysomethingaboutcanandcould?Ss:...偉生自由表述,教师引导总结)T:点击PPT,讲解can和COU峭(62
同样的方式讲解sh址和油ould,may和might。(讲解的时候将十个情态动词配对分析,方便学生记忆与辨析)""一T:同学们看?看,表示可能性的有哪些情态动词啊Sscancouldmamihtmust:,,等,y,g""T:同学们可W根据可能性的大小给这凡个词排序吗?Ss:T:总结must>can>could/ma>might()yPractice1.DiscuMthereasonswhythemandiedfinally’Tberheanfinall出:OkjLetscomeack化化sto.Tmed.Sowh?点击PPT出现yyy(’wh一说y?Canoufindthereasons?点击胖T出现下张Letssittoether!Tr扫ndthe)y()gy化reasonsandtrytofini油theblanks.给学生几分钟时间商量和讨论答案)Whtheman(ydrownedintheriver?Andwhowants化killhim?Toneserafsouran:Someuhhimintotheriv.Whswer?pySs;may."’T:How化translateit?AVhatsthemeaning?S......s;校对答案,对于学生犯错的情态动词可再次强调其用法()T’:Ok点击tntinue!Wh出dthitsuicide?AndIwillivePPTescoemancommousome,(Wygyhints.(点击PPT,出现中文,让学生翻译出英文)2.PredictwhatstudentswilldoTIfthereisanotherchancearuHfouwerethemanwhatwind?Willouchoo,:,ouoseto,yyycommitsuicidewhenoumetsomeroblem?Andwhatwilloudowhenoufallintotheypyy一river?给学生些时间填词,然后叫学生回答问题()ProduceT:Ok,nowwehaveknowsomethingaboutthedownedman.Butweneedknowmorethinsg.Suoouareareorternowoushouldmakenintiwboutthimsetheabouppp,andaerveayy*onlookerstoknowmorethingsaboutthemanscommitsuicide.的
TFts.ortt:ourstudenformsarouAnd0打eofouis也ereerand化etherhreeare化ey,ogpponlookers.Somakeani打terviewi打yourgroups.AndyouguysareaskedtousethefollowingModelwords.AndIwillshowtwosamplesforyou打rst!一展示Samle1,师生起读,老师读到情态动词时可科加重语气和语音。如果学生有问(p.然后再展示Sam题的句子le2,可切适当翻译p)T,:Nowitsourturn化makeaninterview.给学生十分钟时间准备和讨论,然后请几细学,y(生上台表溃)Assinmentsg1R.eviewtherulesofModalverbs2.rheanarticletodescribewhahaenedtothemanndexressurideas.Wtppapyo3Finammarexecses..ish1;herrig64
AppendixVDIReportCardofClass1对照班化Iass1)两次语法测试成绩表姓名性别前测分数后测分数—-S1男22165224卓^53B28^54——5^S5女143286325^5736§5836—-§^S9男5236-S…6040551140^屯"5。22§^81340§^-S144244—§5巧M44也S化44—5^S17男2244——S18男1248519^5^520一—卓^^S21男1648S22485^823%48—^824%M4852548卓^526^§^527^^^528卓^^529%7252—S30女4052II65
531男2658II532辜^^533i2§^534§^^53544卓^536M^^537I!MM538M是^53968§^S4Q12§^54112華^542T2之^543是^^54480是^545男7084一(注;为了保护学生隐私,学生名字律用代号表示)66
AppendixIXReportCardofClass2实验班化Iass2)两次语法测试成绩表姓名性别前测分数后测分数818m^52§^^^§^^84是m^55^^^8684是^S7U72^^§^^8912是^510華^^511^^512Mm5513M^^514n老^515%M^516Um老51712是^5185^^519%m^520B80^5215m^522M705523m毛^524M§^525MM§526老Mm527MU5528—^^^S295492I女的
530男2840III531§^^532B^^533K^^534§^^535n老^536^^^537^^538§^^5395^^540^^^541男20;36一(注;为了保护学生隐私,学生名字律用代号表示)68
AcknowledgementsAgreatmanyteachers,classmates,friendsaswellasstudentshavehelpedmeinmanywaysinwritinthisthesis.WithouttheirsuortsandhelIcanneverfinishthethesisontime.gppp,FirstandforemostjIwouldlike化extendmymo幻sincereandgreatestthanks化mysuervisorProfessoruXilinforhervaluableimreandeavorii.pZhaoteandtesnthisthessBut,,gforherinsightfiilguidance,criticaljudgmentandenormouspatience,thisthesiswouldnothavebeencomleted.pThanksalsoo的tootherrofessorsandteacherswhoheledmeconfirm化etoicofgpppthisthesisandrovidedconvenienceformeinwritinthisthesis.pgIwouldalsoKke化thankall84studentsandtheirEnlishteacherMissYanwhoggcooperatedwi也meanddeliveredtheexperimentaJrammarda巧in也eaccomlishmentofgpthestudy.Theresearchwouldnothavebeenfinishedwithouttheirparticipationandcooperation.的
Academic乂chievementsoftheAu化or?2015年6月,201524期,发表《〈风雨哈佛路〉中莉,中学生导报教学研究年第斯与克里斯的同伴关系分析》。—2016年1月,海外英语,2016年1月02期,发表心WT如/■?〇/£>路似/;Goforit!。70