初中英语语法讲义(上) 44页

目录第一讲-----------名词----------------1第二讲-----------冠词----------------6第三讲-----------数词----------------11第四讲-----------代词----------------14第五讲-----------形容词，副词----20第六讲-----------比较级-------------23第七讲-----------介词----------------26第八讲-----------动词（1）--------29第九讲-----------动词（2）--------32第十讲-----------动词（3）--------34第十一讲-------------------动词（4）第十二讲------------------动词（5）第十三讲-第十四讲------------------词类，词性变化第十五讲-----------------非谓语动词第十六讲------------------句子的分类及句子成分第十七讲------------------简单句和并列句第十八讲-------------------复合句（1）第十九讲-----------------复合句（2）第二十讲-----------------陈述句和疑问句第二十一讲------------------感叹句和祈使句第二十二讲------------------被动语态第二十三讲---------------虚拟语气第二十四讲---------------倒装句第二十五讲---------------主谓一致 第一讲.名词名词（noun）是人、事物和概念的名称。名词和它的各种修饰语一起构成名词短语，可在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语，状语、同位语等。一．名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词（ProperNouns）和普通名词(CommonNouns),专有名词是某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有的名称，如Beijing,China等。普通名称是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如；book,sadness等;名词还可分为可数名词和不可数名词。二．名词的数有些名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（CountableNouns）,有些名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（UncountableNouns）.1.分清下列名词哪些是可数的、不可数的friendwaterglassnewsadvicecoffeeinformationfootknife2.可数名词单数：名词的数量没有超过一的时候，名词用单数形式（原形）复数：当名词的数量超过一的时候，名词用复数。名词变复数：A．规则变化①一般情况在名词后加s.batsbearscrabscrocodilescamelselephantsfrogssnakeswhales②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词后边加es.busessunglassesboxescoachesbranchesswitchesbrusheswishes③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词后变y为i再加escity-citiesfamily-familiescountry-countriesbutterfly-butterflies元音字母加y结尾的名词后加smonkeysvalleyswaysguystoyskeysboys④以f,fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变v再加es.thief-thievesshelf-shelvesleaf-leavesknife-kniveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesself-selveshalf-halves⑤以-o结尾的下列名词加esNegroesheroespotatoestomatoesmangoesB．不规则变化①man-menwoman-womenGerman—Germans（除外）与man,woman搭配的复合词变复数时，将其中的man,woman变为复数即可。policeman---policemenpostman---postmen②foot-feettooth-teethgoose-geese③child-children④mouse-mice⑤.单复同形：fishdeersheepChineseJapanese⑥只有复数没有单数的名词jeanspantstrousersscissorsglasses成对出现的名词常用复数shopschopsticksstocksgloves⑦集体名词，以单数形式出现，实为复数peoplepolicecattlefamily(家庭成员)team（指人）class(指人)名词复数-s或-es发音规则： 在清辅音后读作/s/;在浊辅音和元音后读作/z/；以es结尾读作/iz/1.不可数名数想一想，什么词可以使不可数名词可数化①用量词apieceofnewsadropofwateraloafofbread②用容器abottleofwaterthreecupsoftea③用重量单位twokilosofmeatapoundofsugerFillintheblankswiththeproperwords(用适当的词填空)two_____ofbreada_____ofteafive_________ofnewsapoundof______fiveteaspoonsof______two_______ofice三．名词的修饰作用（名词作定语）1.名词作定语一般不用复数anappletree5bookshopsamothertigeracovergirl2.表示性别和特殊可变为复数amannursetwomennursesawomanteacheragroupofwomenteachersasalesgirl3salesboyshaveasportsmeeting10sportscars3.名词出现在连字号中不用复数a50-dollarnotea100-metre-longbridgean80-year-oldmana5-starhotel四.名词的所有格1.用“s”表达有生命的名词所有格Jim’spencilstheteachers’booksMary’sandJean’sroomsMaryandJean’sroom2.用“of”表达无生命的名词所有格thewindowoftheroomthepriceofthebikethecoloroftheovercoattheforkofthetreethesizeoftheT-shirtthenameofthebuilding3.用“to”也可表示所有thekeytothedoortheanswertothequestiontheentrancetothecavethekeytothepaper4表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等无生命的名词，可用“’s”构成所有格China’scapitaltoday’snewspaperanhour’swalktwohours’flight5双重所有格afriendofmygrandfather’s=oneofmygrandfather’sfriendsahouseofhismother’s=oneofhismother’shousesadogofMr.Smith’s=oneofMr.Smith’sdogs活学活用，让我升一级1.Twobagsareonthetable.Theyare______.A.thetwins’B.thetwin’sC.twinsD.twin’s2.Ihavetospeaktomygrandpaloudlybecausethere’ssomethingwrongwithhis______A.eyesB.legsC.mouthsD.ears3.Youneedtolookata______whenyoucan’tfindyourway.A.mapB.listC.menuD.dictionary4.Ihavetwo_____.Whichonedoyouwant?A.knivesB.knifeC.aknifeD.knifes5.Comeon,children.Helpyourselvestosome_____ifyoulike.A.drinksB.watersC.coffeesD.breads名词的拓展（国家、国籍、首都）1、注意下列表示国籍的单词的单、复数形式。 ①Chinese--ChineseJapanese—Japanese②French—FrenchDutch—DutchSwedish—SwedishDanish—DanishEnglish—English③American—AmericansGerman—GermansItalian—ItaliansRussian—RussiansCanadian-CanadiansIndian-IndiansKorean-koreansNorwegian-Norwegians2.国家和首都Uk—LondonUSA(America)—WashingtonD.CCanada-OttawaFrance—ParisJapan—TokyoGermany—BerlinGreece—AthensKoera—Seoulspain—MadridItaly—RomeRussia—MoscowSweden—StockholmAusralia—Canberra另外：Australia—Sydney(澳洲东南部的港口城市)Canada—Toronto（多伦多）Switzerland—Geneva(瑞士西南的一个城市)Indian—Bombay(孟买)3.中西方节日TheSpringFestival春节NewYear’sDay新年元旦Tree-plantingDay植树节laborDay劳动节theDragon-boatingFestival端午节DoubleSeventhFestival中国情人节theMid-autumnDay中秋节DoubleNinthFestival重阳节Teachers’day教师节NationalDay国庆节Valentine’sDay情人节Women’sDay妇女节AprilFool’sDay愚人节EasterDay复活节Mother’sDay母亲节Children’sDay儿童节Father’sDay父亲节Halloween万圣节ThanksgivingDay感恩节ChristmasDay圣诞节名词练习题一．请把下列名词归类，把序号写在指定地方。1.bottle2.milk3.peach4.bread5.burger6.butter7.cheese8.sugar9.coffee10.sandwich11.tea12.carrotCountable(可数名词)Uncountable（不可数名词）二．写出下列名词的复数形式。hatbuswifebabygoosesheepchildtoymanbrushmousetooth三．用所给单词的正确形式天空。1.Havesome(rice),please.2.Ihavetwobottlesof.(ink)3.The(leaf)onthetreearelikealargeumbrella.4.Three(German)arecomingtoourschoolforavisit.5.Idon’thavetodomuch(homework)today.6.Therearealotofnew(factory)inthecity. 7.Davidtookalotof(photo)inWestLake.8.Look！Therearetwo(deer)onthegrass.9.---Howmany(potato)doyouhave?----Onlyone.10.Excuseme,wherearemynew(trouser)?四．英汉互译。1.我妈妈的帽子2.李磊的书包3.今天的报纸4.我们教室的墙5.他朋友的父亲6.themouthoftheriver7.thecolorofthedoor8.thekeytothedoor9.thegirl’sdog10.thewaytoschool五．根据中文提示把句子补全完整。1.（教师节）isonSeptember10th.2.(妈妈的鞋子)areallblack.3.Mr.Blackis(海伦的妈妈的一个朋友).4.`(Mary和Lucy的老师)iscoming.5.Giveme(一张中国地图).6.It’sabout(步行20分钟的路)frommyhometothepark.7.（这张桌子的腿）isbroken.8.Thereare20(女教师)inourshool.9.Thereare20（苹果树）infrontofmyhouse.10.(李磊和李海的妈妈)aretalkingwiththeteacher六.选择填空。1.-----Whydidn’tyoutakeataxibacklastnight?------BecauseIdidn’thaveanywithme.A.foodB.bicycleC.friendD.money2.-----Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?-----,please.A.TeaB.FruitCBreadD.Meat3.-----Wehaveforthecomingparty.A.boxofappleB.boxesofapplesC.boxofapplesD.boxesofapple4.Theboyislost.A.8yearsoldB.8-year-oldC.8-years-oldD.8yearold5.HiseyeslooklikeA.motherB.fatherC.mothers’D.father’s6.IreadsportsnewsabouttheF1racetoday.A.twoB.piecesC.twopiecesD.twopiecesof7.----Howisyourskirt,Mary?----ItismorebeautifulthanA.mysister’sB.mysisterC.sistersD.mine8.----Whoarefishingoverthere?-----A.BrownsB.Browns’C.TheBrownsD.Brown9.Janeistheyoungestinher A.FamilyB.homeC.houseD.room10.----Ipassedthemathexam.----Congratulations！YouarereallyA.aluckydogB.ablacksheepC.acoldfishD.awhiteelephant七．阅读理解。TheOlympicflagThewhitebackgroundstandsforpeace.ThefiveringsstandforthecountriesofAfrica,Australia,Europe,AmericaandAsia.Thefivecolorsoftheringsareblue,yellow,black,greenandred.Oneverycountry’sflag,youcanfindatleastoneofthesecolors.请将短文译成汉语（可在字典中查找生词）第二讲冠词冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，放在名词（或名词化的形容词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。冠词主要分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。一．不定冠词的用法与区别 a和an均为不定冠词，用在名词前表示人、事物的类别。a用在辅音音素之前，an用在元音音素之前。如：abook,anapple.1.表示数量“一”的意思，但不如“one”语气强烈。Sixtyandfortyisahundred.(one)Thereisanoseandtwoeyesonmyface.(one)2.第一次提到某物时，用“an”,“a”起到介绍的作用。Thereisacuponthetable.Thereisatableinthemiddleoftheroom3.不定冠词用以表示单位、频率、周期，意思是“每一”。threemealsadayat70milesaday14poundsamonthIgotothecinemaonceaweekIt’ssaidthatanappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway4.表示类别Acathasninelives.AdogisfriendlytousThisbookisusefulforamathteacher5.在固定短语中alittleafewinahurryhaveabreak/rest/drink/walkhavealargepopulationmakeanoisehaveagoodtimehavea(bad)coldhaveaheadache/backache/stomachache/toothache定冠词the的用法特指是“the”的专利，1、用在谈话双方都知道的人或物前Let’tgotothepark.2、用于文章中再次出现的名词前，特指前面的名词Thereisapictureonthewall.Thepictureisbeautiful.3、用于最高级或序数词前Thisisthelargestdressintheshop.It’sthefirsttimethatIhavecomehere.4、用于某些专有名词前theGreatWallHuangheRivertheYellowRiver5、形容词前加the表示某一类人。theold,therich,thehomeless,theyoung,6、在姓氏前加“the”，表示某一家人，某一家（地方）。theSawyersthedoctor’s7、在乐器前加theplaythepianoplaytheviolinplaytheguitar/drum8、世界上独一无二的事物前，thesuntheearththemoontheworld9、在固定短语中，inthefrontofthesameastheonlystudentinthemiddleofthesamecolortheonlybookinthemorningmakethebedallthepeople intheafternoonmaketheteaintheevening三．零冠词（zeroarticle）1.在三餐和球类前havebreakfast/supper/lunch/dinnerplaybasketball/football/badminton/baseball/chess/cards2.在时间（年，月，季节，星期，节日，具体时刻）前inspring/December/1989onSunday/Teachers’dayat8:003在称呼，头衔前MrWangMissLi4.通常在不可数名词前Maketeadrinkorangejuice5.名词前有形容词性物主代词，last,next,数词修饰时。Mybooklastweeknextyear20students1.在学科前LearnChinese/English/maths2.在某些专有名词前InChinainBeijing3.在固定短语中Infrontofinbedgotoschool冠词的拓展gotothechurchgotothebedgototheschoolattableinhospitalinfrontofatthetableinthehopitalinthefrontofinfrontofCanIhaveasecondloafbreadinthefrontofThisisthesecondlargestmodelintheshop冠词练习题一．在空白处填上适当的冠词a，an和the，不需要填写的地方用“”表示。1.card2.university3.oldman4.honestboy5.gotoschool6tallestgirl7.secondfloor8.China9.playviolin10.apple11.interestingfilm12.Pairs二．在下列句子中填上适当的冠词（a，an，the和“”）1.Lookatword“hour”ontheblackboard.Thereis“h”,“o”,“u”and“r”init..2.HespeaksJapanesebetterthanChinese.3.Weusuallygooutforwalkinevening.4.TokyoiscapitalofJapan.5.groundiscoveredwithsnow.6.December25thisChristmasDay.7.Arab(阿拉伯人)iswalkingalonethroughdesert(沙漠).8.oldwomanhastwochildren,sonanddaughter.Sonisdoctoranddaughterisnurse.9.Look！manoverthereisLiLei’sfather. 10.I’mLiLei.I’minclass1,Grade6.Canyouseephotoonwall?It’s_____oldphotoofmyfamily.Who’s_____oldman?Heismygrandfather,____manin____blueismyuncle.____womanin_____browndressismyaunt.____manbehindmymotherismyfather.Heisinblackcoat.He’sin_____No.1MiddleSchool..Look,_____dogbesidetheboyismyfriend.ItsnameisBobby.Allin____photoareveryhappy.三．在下面短文中必要的地方填上a，an或the.MyclasstripWhenIwokeupon_____Fridaymorning.,Iknewthatitwasgoingtobe______specialdaythatwasgoingin______excursionwithmyschool.WhenIgotto______school,allofmyclassmateswerewaitingtogeton_____bustatwouldtakeusto_____CNTower,_____tallesttowerinCanada!____busarrivedatourdestinationat10;00andafterwehadbought______ticketstogetin,weallboardedplatform.Whenwegotthere,myclassmateandIcouldn’tbelieve_____view!_____cityof______Torontolayfarbelow.All______buildings,carsandpeoplelookedsotiny!Wewentandhadlunchin_____restaurantat_____verytopofthetower._____foodwasverygoodandourteacherboughtusall_______icecreamsas_____specialtreat.Beforeweknewit,itwas_____timetogo_____home.On_____dayback,weallagreedthatitwas_____daytoremember.四．选择填空。1.What_____fineweatherwearehavingthesedays！A.aB.anC.theD./2.Have_____secondcupoftea,please.A.aB.anC.theD./3.In____summerof1994,shewenttoAmericaforherstudy.A.aB.anC.theD./4.What_____importantnewsitis！A.aB.anC.theD./5.That’s____usefulbook.A.aB.anC.theD./6.____earthgoesaround_____sun.A.A,aB.An,aC.The,theD.An,the7.Thereis_____“s”intheword“bus”.A.aB.anC.theD./8.-----Howabout_____charityshow?----Itwassuccessful.A.aB.anC.theD./9.----Howdoyougoto_____work?---Iusuallytake______busA.a,aB.a,theC.the,aD./,a10.In_____winter,weoftenplay_____football.A.a,aB.the,aC.the,theD./,/五．阅读理解SandstormsInrecentyears,sandstormshavebeenhittingsomepartsofInnerMongoliaandBeijinginspring. BecauseofovergrazinginInnerMongolia,mostoftheareahasbecomeadesertwithnoplants.Sandbecomesdryintheearlyspringandcaneasilybesweptawaybystrongwinds.Whensandstormshittheseareas,sandordustiscarriedbythestrongwind.Thecloudsofsandblockthesun,andpeoplecanseenothingbutsandbeforetheireyes.Question:Howdoesthesandstormcome?第三讲数词表示事物数量的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词：表示物体数量的词，用来修饰可数名词。onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennighteentwentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyhundredthousandmillionbillion……..基数词不难记，十二以内词个异；十三数到十九去，后加—teen莫忘记。二十、三十至九十，整十之后有–ty;要说“几十几”，中间“一”号别丢弃序数词：表示事物顺序的词，后接可数名词单数。firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthnintheleventhtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteeenth…….twentieththirtiethfortiethfiftieth…….twenty-firsttwenty-scondtwenty-thirrdtwenty-fourthtwenty-fifth…….基变序，很容易，结尾加上“th”.一二三特殊记，结尾各是t、d、d八减t,九去e,f来把ve替y改“ie”,结尾仍有“th”。若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。读数的诀窍Hundred百thousand千million百万billion十亿457----fourhundredandfifty-seven102----onehundredandone800----eighthundred3,024----threethousandandtwenty-four400,001----fourhundredthousandandone2,007,009----twomillionseventhousandandnine51,000,000,000----fifty-onebillion从右向左三豆开，一豆千，二豆百万，三豆就是十万万；左右三位分开读，保你又快又喜欢小试牛刀用英语读出下列数字1）.8092）.10013）40004.）174,3015）.4,002,025,015分数表达法 分子在前分母在后分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于“1”，分母加“-s”带分数莫着急，前加整数就可以。分母若是“2”和“4”，half、quarter可代替如：1/4onefourth或aquarter1/2ahalf3/4threefourths(quarters)数词何时用复数1、表示几十岁时inhisthirtiesinherteens2、表示几十年代时Greatchangestookplaceinthe1970s.Historyhasenteredthe90s.3、表示不确定数目时，millions/thousands/hundreds…＋of4、在分数中，当基数词（表示分子）大于one时，序数词（表示分母）要用复数。twothirdsfourfifths5、当基数词用做可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时，也要用复数。Howmanysevensarethereinforty-nine?Theyarrivedbytwosandthrees.时间表示：直接表达法和间接表达法12:00整六点过一刻2点差19分两点四十五分三点半四点差一刻年、月、日的表达June24,2011数量运算1.Oneandoneistwo./Oneplusoneistwo.2.Twominusoneisone.3.Twotimesthreeissix.数词练习题一．写出下列基数词相应的序数词。1.one__________2.two__________3.three__________4.five___________5.eight_________6.nine__________7.twelve__________8.twenty_________9.thirty-two_______________________10.fifty-six_________________________二．用英语写出下列数词。1.328________________________________________________________2.1,306_______________________________________________________3.456,790______________________________________________________4.62,431,870____________________________________________________5.950,800,306,200_______________________________________________三．用英语写出下列时间1.5：00_________________2.5:15__________________________3.5:30___________________4.6:25____________________________ 5.7:45___________________6.8:55____________________________7.1980年9月10日______________________________________________四．选择填空1.Thereare____studentsinourschool.AfivehundredB.fivehundredsC.fivehundredofD.fivehundredsof2.Ithinkthatthe___century(世纪)willbringusmorehopes.A.twenty-oneB.twentieth-firstC.twenty-firstD.twentieth-one3.---What’sfiveandten?-----______.A.FiveB.TenC.FifteenD.Idon’tknow4.Now_____ofbusinesslettersarewritteninEnglish.A.twothirdB.twothirdsC.twothreeD.secondthree5.What’sahalfandonefourth？A．sixB.onesixthC.threefourthD.threefourths6.---ThereisawrongwordinLine___.---Where?----Inthe_____line.A.two,twoB.second,twoC.,Second,secondD.Two,second7.Hewasbadillinhis______.A.TwentiesB.twentyC.twentiesD.Twenty8.Hespends_______onhomeworkeveryday.A.oneandahalfhourB.oneandahalfhoursC.onehourandahalfhourD.oneandhalfanhour9.-----What’sthedatetoday?----It’s______.A.2010,October,17B.17,October,2010C.October16,2010D.2010,17,October10.The____manwasborninthe______.A.80-years-old,1930B.80-year-old,1930sC.80yearsold,1930D80yearold,1930s五．阅读理解Theuglyduckling(1)Onelovelysummer,amotherduckwaswaitingforherfinaleggtohatch.TheEggcrackedandayoungducklingcameout,verylargeandugly.Onthefarm,theduckspeckedattheuglyducklingandthechickensbeathim.Onastormynight,hefoundacottagetolivein.Buthecouldnotswimthere.Laterhehadtoleave.Thewildducksalsolaughedathim.Hewasverysad.Twowildgeesewantedtoaccepthimbutsoontheywereshot.Hewasalone.Question:Howdidtheotheranimalstreatthelittleduckling?Why? 第四讲代词一．人称代词Fillintheblanks:第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数主格shehe宾格meyouyouthem1、主格（排序问题）1）________and____shouldhelpeachother.(he,I,you)2)________and____allpasstheexam.(they,you,we)3)____and____madethemistake(I,mybrother)4)__________and____aregoodfriends(I,mymother)2、宾格（①双宾语②作动词短语的宾语，代词的位置）givemeabook-------giveabooktomesendhimane-mail-----sendane-mailtohimoffermeajob------offerajobtometellyouthetruth------tellthetruthtoyoubuyhimabook------buyabookforhimdrawherapicture-------drawapictureforhermakehimamodel-------makeamodelforhimborrowherabox------borrowaboxfromher------Takeoffyourcoatplease?------Sure,I’lltake____offlookathim-------lookathimlistentome-----listentome到底用什么1.----Who’sit?----It’s____(I,me)2.Heistallerthan____(I,me)3.----Carl,whynotgoandhelpyoursisterwatertheflowersthere?-----Why____(me,I)?I’mbusymyself.4.----David,whathaveyoudonewiththepoordog?Heiswetthrough!----Not_____(me,I),Ineverdothesamethingasecondtime.5.IamfromChina,____(it,she)isgreat.Iamproudof(以…自豪)____(her,it)二．物主代词Fillintheblanks:形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称my第二人称your第三人称hishers itsits复数第一人称our第二人称yours第三人称their下列句子正确吗？如有错误，找出错误并订正1.HisbookismoreinterestingthanI.2.Thecoatbehindthedoorisn’tmine,it’sher?3.Asonofherisveryhonest4.Heisanoldfriendofmygrandfather5.Thepaintingofhimissuper(很好，超级的)三、反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves四、指示代词thisthatthesethose1.-----Givemeahammer,please.-----Whichone？_____one?-----Not_____one.Thesmallone.2.Are_____yourcases?3.Theweatherhereiswarmerthan_____inBeijing.4.Peopleincitiesgotobedlaterthan_____inthecountry.5.Thetreeinfrontofthehouseistallerthan____behindthehouse.五不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。some，any,all,none,both,either,neither,each,every,other,another,much,many,few,little,one,nothing,nobody,where选用限定词（相对于形容词）someanynomanymuch1.Thereisn’t_____fishontheplate.2.Canyougiveme_____redink?3.Don’ttheygiveyou_____help?4.Thismorning_____boyaskedforyou.5.Theremustbe_____reasonforwhathe’sdone.6.Wedon’thave_____freetime.7.Thereis_____homeworktoday,wecanhaveagoodrest.8.----Mum,Iwantanewbike.----Whatcolorwilldo.9.Thereare____birdsinthewoods.10.How____doesthepencost?选用代词some,any填空1.Didyouknow____ofthepeopleinthepicture?2._____ofthestudentsarelateforthemeeting. 1.Idon’tneed_____moremoney,Ihavestillgot_____.选用代词manymuch1.______ofthemistakeswerejustcarelss.(粗心)2.______oftheinformationisuseless.3.Ihave_____totalkwithhim.用little,alittle;few,afew填空1.-----Goodmorning,Mr.Brown.Wouldyoupleasetellmetheresult(结果)oftheexam.-----Ok.Youdidquitewell.You’vemade_____mistakes.2.DoyoumindifIaskyou______questions?3.Look!Wehave_____sugar.Goandbuysome.4.Hemadealotofkites,but_____canflyinthesky.5.Don’tworry.Thereis______timeleft.Hurryup,thereis_____timeleft.6.Hespoke______English,soitwasdifficulttocommunicate(交流)withhim.Hespoke______English,sowewereabletocommunicatewithhim.7.Sheislucky,shehas_____problems.Thingsarenotgoingwellwithher.Shehas_____problems.用others,theother,another,theothers1.Ihavefourchairs.Oneisred,_______areyellow.2.Ofthethreestudents,oneisfromLondon,_____twoarefromNewYork.3.Ihavetwosisters,oneisdoctor,______isateacher.4.Thesecupsaretoosmallforme.Wouldyoushowme______.5.Don’tgiveup.Youmayhave______try.大显身手botheitherneithereachanythingnothingsomethingallanynoneeachnoonenobodysomebody1.----Therearetwowaysinfrontofus.Whichoneshallwetake?----____isOk.(All,Either,Both,Any)2.______ofmyparentshavereadthisbook.______ofmyparentshasreadthisbook..3.______ofthestudentsatourschoolhasbeentotheGreatWall.______ofthestudentsatourschoolhavebeentotheGreatWall.4.Thenewschooltermiscoming,alotofflowersareputon_____sideoftheschoolgate.Thenewschooltermiscoming,alotofflowersareputon_____sidesoftheschoolgate.5.Oneachsideoftheroadarethehighpoplars.6.Thechildrenhaveanicegifteach.7.Weeachhavetotaketheexam.8.----Howaboutthesetwofilms?----_____ofthemareveryinteresting.9._____oftheparentsknowsJapanese.(both,neither)10.-----Whatwouldyouliketohave,teaormilk?-----_____.I’dliketohaveaglassofwater.11.------Whichseasondoyoulikebetter?(all;both)------Ilikethem_____. 1.Youcantake_____ofthem.I’llkeepnone.(all;both;any)2.______ofthestudentsinourclasshavebeentoAmerica.3.-----Didyourparentsgotoseeafilmyesterdayevening?-----No.We_____stayedathomeandwatchedTV用none,nothing,noone(nobody)4.----Howmanysheepdidyouseeonthehill?----______.5.-----Pleasegivemesomeink.-----Sorry,thereis_____left.6.______ofthestudentscouldanswerthequestion,whichmadetheteacherdisappointed.7.Aftertheearthquake,______wasleftinthevillages.8.-----Whobrokethewindow?-----______.Itbrokeoffitself.9.-----Isthereanythinginterestingontoday’snewspaper?-----______.代词专题练习题1.I’mlookingforahouse.I’dlike_____withagarden.A.aoneB.itC.oneD.that2.Theboysareintheclassroomnow.Mr.Smithisteaching_____allEnglishlesson.A.theyB.usC.themD.their3.Don’ttellothersaboutit.Thisisonlybetween_____.A.youandIB.youandmeC.IandyouD.meandyour4.Idon’tknowwhichbookisthebest.I’llread_____.A.itB.eitherofthemC.bothD.allofthem5.Mr.Lisaidtous,“Takedowntheoldpictures.Putupthenew_____.A.themB.thoseC.onesD.one’s6.Thesesentencesareimportant.Please______.A.writedownthemB.writeitdownC.writedownitD.writethemdown7.Thedressisbeautiful.CanI_____?A.tryitonB.tryonitC.wearitonD.writethemdown8.Thewhitejacketis_____.______isred.A.my;HisB.mine;HisC.me;HimD.I;He9.Isherpencillongerthan_____.A.myB.meC.ID.mine10.Thisis_____ruler.Thatshortoneis_____.A.your;herB.your;hersC.yours;hersD.yours;her11.-----Isthis_____car?-----No.,_____isoverthere.A.her;herB.his;hisC.your;myD.yours;mine12.Maryisanoldfriendof______.A.hisB.himC.herD.herself13.Theskirtis_____.Shemadeit_____.A.hers;herselfB.her;herselfC.herself;hersD.herself;her14.Weenjoyed_____intheparkyesterday.A.yourselvesB.myselfC.themselvesD.ourselves15.-----Canyouleaveyourchildrenathomealone?----Yes.Theycantakecareof_____. A.themB.theirsC.themselvesD.themselves16.Don’tgiveher____water.A.someB.noC.manyD.any17.----Arethere_____treesinfrontofthehouse?-----Yes,thereare______.A.some;anyB.any;someC.some;manyD.any;onlyone18.----_____isyourbrother?-----Heisateacher.A.WhoseB.WhoC.HowD.What19.----Ifeelabit(有点儿)hungry.----Whydon’tyouhave_____bread?A.anyB.someC.littleD.a20.SomepeopleliketostayathomeonSunday,but_____liketogotothecinema.A.anotherB.otherC.othersD.otherone21._____doyouprefer,thisoneorthatone?A.WhatB.WhichC.HowD.Whose22.Childrenshouldbetaughthowtogetonwellwith(相处很好)_____.A.anotherB.othersC.otherD.anyother23.TenstudentsinourclasscomefromBeijing,_____arefromShanghai.A.otherB.theotherC.theothersD.others24.Johnhastwobrothers.Oneisteacher,_____isascientist.A.theothersB.anotherC.theotherD.others25.Ofthethreeoldmen,_____hasbeentoJapan,but____twohaveneverbeenawayfromtheirhomtown.A.one;otherB.aman;anotherC.some;othersD.one;theother26._____istoodifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.A.NothingB.SomethingC.AnythingD.Everything27.Thepostofficeison______sideofthestreet.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others28.Idon’tlikethiscoat.Pleaseshowme_____one.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.another29.Therearetallbuildingon_____oftheroad.A.eithersideB.bothsideC.allsidesD.everysides30.----Whichofthetwobooksdoyouwant?----_____isallright.A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Any31.----Whichofthetwofilmsdoyoulikebetter?----Ilike____,becausetheyarenotinteresting.A.allB.neitherC.eitherD.both32.Ihavegottwocolorpencils,and_____ofthemareonthedesk.A.allB.eachC.bothD.every33._____ofthetwoboysstudieshistory.A.BothB.NeitherC.AllD.None34.----_____isthisTVset?----It’stwothousandyuan.A.HowmanyB.HowoldC.HowmuchD.Howlong35.Idon’tlikeanybreadtoday.CanIhave_____likerice?A.somethingB.somethingC.somethingsD.somethings36.Help_____tothecakes,boysandgirs.A.youB.yourselfC.myselfD.yourselves37.Don’tworry.Wehave_____timebeforetheplanearrives.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little38._____peoplelivetobe150,but_____peoplecanlivetobe100. A.afew;fewB.Few;afewC.Few,manyD.Much;little39.TheFrenchmancan’treadorwriteinEnglish,becauseheknows_____EnglishA.alittleB.afewC.littleD.alittle40.-----Wouldyoulikesomemilkinyourtea?-----Yes,just______.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew41.Pleasebequiet.Theteacherhas_____totellus.A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.importantanythingD.anythingimportant42.Thereisn’t_____intoday’snewspaper.A.anythingimportantB.nothingimportantC.somethingimportantD.importantanyting43._____isn’teasytolearnEnglishwell.A.ThatB.WhichC.ItD.This44.______wrong.A.AllyouareB.AllofyouareC.YouallareD.Youallreof45.Tounderstandisonething,buttodoitwellis______.A.theotherB.anotherC.otherC.theanotherReadingMybreakfast,lunchandsupperBreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.Itgivesusenergyandstrengthforafulldayofwork.Ioftenhavetwoeggsandsomemilkforbreakfast.Agoodlunchisalsohelpfultoourhealth.Ihavericeandallkindsofvegetablesforlunch.Differentfoodshavedifferentnutrition.WeneedallofthemtostayhealthyDinnerisahappymeal.Icanhaveitwithmommyanddaddy.ButIshouldn’thavetoomuch.It’snotgoodtosleeponafullstomach.第五讲形容词副词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的一类词，说明人和事物的特征、性质、状态、大小或大小数量的词，通常译为“……的”一．形容词的修饰作用1.作定语，一般放在所修饰的词前面。It’sacoldandwindyday.2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。Helookshappytoday.Sheisbeautiful.3.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink?4.只能作定语的形容词：little(小的)，only(唯一的)，wooden(木子的)，woolen(羊毛的)。MyelderbrotherisinBeijing(正)Mybrotheriselder.(误)一．多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词）----描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色）----出处-----材料性质-----类别-----名词1.afineoldstonebridge 1.twobigroundnewChinesewoodentables2.hislargenewblackforeigncar小试牛刀（排序）1.famousFrenchawriteryoung2.carsmallItaliananew3.blueplatestwodinnerround4.redpotandabeautifulwhitepainted5.Italiantheleatherlatestshoesbrown6.一位可爱的英国女孩儿___________________________________7.两块黑色的旧式日本手表___________________________________8.一张小圆桌____________________9.一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣_____________________________10.一幅漂亮的红色法国油画_____________________________作定语的形容词的后置问题1.____________________1)Let’strysomethingnewtoday.2)Thereissomethingstrangeinthebasket.2.____________________1)Thebottlefullofmilkisonthetable.2)Allthestudents,oldandyoung,haveagoodtimetoday.我们又来了!（adj.）each＆every1.Therearerowsoftalltreeson______sideoftheriver.2.Youmuststayinbedfortwodaysandyoucangetupfortwohours_____day.3.Mymotherisbusy_____day.4.Wechangetheoilinthecar_____500kilometers.形容词作表语1）什么是表语？只能作表语的形容词：afraid,asleep,alive,alone,awake;good,sorry,fond,ill,well2）极少成多，记住下列含有形容词的短语betiredofbefondofbeproudofbefullofbebusywithbeangrywithbeweakinbecomeinterestedinbebadforbereadyforbesorryforbelateforbedifferentfrombeabsentfrombesurprisedatbegoodatbeworriedabout1.Itisverykindofyoutodoso.2.Itisbraveofyoutoadmit(承认)hismistake.3.Itisusefulforustodomorereading.4.ItisimportantforyoutolearnEnglishwell.选搭配，猜含义as_____asabeeA.busy aspooras_____B.mildasstrongas_____C.amouseas_____asadoveD.cleverashungryas_____E.apostas_____asabatF.achurchmouseasdeafas_____G.blindasquietas_____H.ahorse/anoxas_____asabuttonI.ahorse/awolfasproudasJ.asteelascoolas_____K.peacockastrueas_____L.cucumber副词副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词的作用和分类：在句中作状语，常常用来修饰动词、形容词和副词。____________副词：now,today,yesterday,tomorrow,then,alreaday,yet____________副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never(注意在句中的位置)____________副词：quite,rather,much,little,very,so,too,enough____________副词：when,where,why,how,howmany,howoften,howlong____________副词：here,there,home,upstairs,downstairs,everywhere,somewhere,abroad____________副词：quickly,happily,slowly,politely,proudly,angrily他们有何特点？请认识下列副词badly,slowly,politely,proudly,carelessly,successfully,happily,quickly,suddenly,pleasantly,luckily,sadly,warmly,angrily,terribly.InClassPracticeA.写出下列形容词对应的副词形式。bad______kind______easy______warm_______happy______thirsty______good______slow_______hard_______high______fast______late_______B.用下列副词填空。slowlyloudlyhappilypleasantlyquicklycarefullythirstilyhurriedlyhardhighfast1.Thethiefranawayas_____ashecouldwhenheheardthenoise.2.Thetortoisewalks_____,buttherabbitruns______.3.Theyhadabirthdaypartytogether_______.4.It’sgongtorainoutside,allthestudentsgohome______.5.Thestudentsarelisteningtotheirteachers_______.6.hedrankabottleofwater______.Howcomfortableheis!7.Thegirllostherbag,shecried______.8.Myfriendssawmeoffatthestationandsmiled______.9.Itisahardwork.Heworks_______.10.Theplaneflewvery_______. A.温故知新，把副词填入适当的位置1.Hegoestoschoolonfoot(often)2.Heislateforschool(always)3.Shetakesustothezoo.(sometimes)4.HaveyoubeentoLondon?(ever)5.Whenwegottothestation,thetrainhadleft(already)6.Wetalkedaboutourfavoritesongsafterclass.(usually)7.Hehastoldlies.Heishonest.(never)8.Tomansweredthequestion.(quickly)9.Sheistellingastorytous.(happily)10.Hedrankthewater.(thirstily)ReadingTheworldneedsloveIwaswaftchingtelevisionyesterday.Isawsoldiersfightingeachotherwithguns.Itmademesad.Whywouldpeoplewanttohurteachother?MyDaddysaidthatthesoldierswerefightingenemiesinawar.Butwhydowarshappen?Manypeoplebecomehomelessandhopelessinawar.Theyneedlove.Thewholeworldneedslove.Whynotofferpeopleloveinstesdofwar?Onlylovecanstopawar.Onlylovecanmakeourlivesfullofsunshine.家长意见（签字）第六讲形容词、副词比较级和最高级本节提要1.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级2.隐含的比较级和最高级3.as…as…/notas(so)…as4.themore…themore…一.写出下列形容词和副词的比较级、最高级形式（总结出规律）1.soft—softer---softestbright----brighter----brightest____________________________morewords:_______,_______,_______2.nice—nicer---nicestlarge---larger---largest____________________________morewords:_______,________,_______3.heavy—heavier---heaviestbusy—busier---busiest____________________________morewords:_______,________,_______4.big----bigger----biggesthot---hoter---hottest_____________________________morewords:_______,________,_______5.difficult----moredifficult----mostdifficultbeautiful---moredifficult---mostdifficult_____________________________morewords:_______,________,_______ 6.good/well---better---bestbad/badly/ill---worse---worst_____________________________morewords:_______,________,_______小结：一．你能写出下列形容词和副词的比较级、最高级形式吗?1.lucky______________(1)________(2)________并举出类似的两个例子2.crowed______________(1)________(2)________3.helpful______________(1)________(2)________4.happy______________(1)________(2)________5.often______________(1)________(2)________我的标志比较级和最高级的标志（一）1.Theblueumbrellaischeaperthantheblack.2.Heisthenaughtiestboyinourclass.3.Heisthecleverestboyamongus.4.Heisthetallestboyofall.5.TheYangtzeisoneofthelongestriversinthewolrd.(one…theother)6.ThisistheworstfilmIhaveeverseen.比较级和最高级的标志（二）隐含的通过上下文判断1.Whereisthenearest/nearbankhere(intheneighborhood)2.Jimwasinhospital,ishewell/bettertoday?3.Itisnice,butit’stooexpensive,couldyoushowmeacheap/cheaperone?4.It’stoocroweded,let’swaitforthenext.Maybeitislittle/lesscroweded.修饰比较级的程度副词alotabitalittleagreatdealratherstillevennoanymuch(many)far巧记它们：__________________________________________________________________5.Thisproblemisabitharderthanthatone.6.Heissotired,hecan’tgoanyfarther.7.Thebookismuch/farmoreinterestingthantheoneIboughtlastmonth.8.----Thegreensarestillmoreexpensive.----Theyareevenmoreexpensive9.Isn’titbecomingalittleworse?10.Therearemany/farmorepeoplethanIexpected(预计).注意的问题在比较级的句型中1.Mymotheris2yearsyoungerthanmyteacher.比较的对象2.HisdogisprettierthanMary.3.TheTVsetontheleftismoreexpensivethanontheright4.ThecarsmadeinJapanarecheaperthanonesmadeinGermany.5.Thepriceofthecheeseishigherthantheoneofbutter.重复的问题 6.Heismoreclevererboythanus.在最高级的句型中7.Heisthetallestinourclass.8ItisoneofthemostexpensivecomputerIhaveeverseen.Exercise(correct)1.Itiseasytorepairamachinethantorunit.2.Ittakesmuchlittletimetoflyfromoneplacetoanotherthantotravelbyair.3.Theviewfromthetopofthehillwasevenmorelovelierthantheviewatsealevel.4.Ofthetwobooks,I’dprefertotakethickerone.5.Musiccanmakeanexcitingstorymoreexciting,asadonesad,ahappyonehappier..6.Thebusierheis,thehappyhefeels.7.ThispairofshoesisalittletoobigforMary.8.ShanghaiisbiggerthananycityinChina.练习题1.MrSmiththoughtthelenturyParkwasthesecond_____(large)inShanghai.2.Whichis____(easy)tolearn,fishingorswimming?3.Shanghaiislargerthan____uityinsichuan.4.InChangchun,theJingYueForestParkismuch____(clean)thanthatinthecenterofthecity.5.Itmakes____(little)timetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain6.Mum,thisT-shirtismuchtoosmallforme.Wouldyoubuymea____(large)one?7.Xi"anisoneof____(old)capitallifesinChina.8.____(few)childrenthereareinafamily,____(good)theirlifewillbe.9.Itwillbebadforyourhealthtoeat____(much)foodandtake____(little)exercise.10.NowChinahasjionedWTO,soIthinkEnglishis____(useful)thanbefore.11.Ofallhissubjects,Tomis____(good)atEnglish.12.-Whois____(interested)inChineseinyourclassatthemoment?13.BookIIis____(different)thanBookIV.14.TheGreatWallofChinaisoneof____(great)wondersintheworld15.Sheisbecoming____(beautiful)thanbefore.16.TheweatherinFujianisbetterthan____inWuhan.17.ThetextsinBookIIaremucheasierthan____inBookIV.18.Theweatherisgetting____and____(cold).19.The____(much),the____(good).20.The____(much)youpratice,the____(easy)itbecomes.EveryonecandoabitIsawahomelesschildlookingintoatrashcanonmywayhome.That’ssosad!Iwantedtohelphim.IthoughtandthoughtandthoughtabouthowIcameupwithaverygoodidea.IcangivemysmallerclothesandsomeofmytoysawayItoldthistoMom,andshepraisedme.Itmademehappy.See,Icandosomethingforothers! 第七讲介词介词是置于名词或名词同等语之前的一个表意单位（短语），也叫前置词。在英语里，它的搭配能力最强。但不能单独做句子成分，需和名词或代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语及从句）构成介词短语，才能在句中充当成分。《新概念》一册中表达时间的介词及介词短语1.Canyoucome_____2p.m?2._____Sundays,hundredsofpeoplecomefromthecitytoseeourtown.3.It’scold_____December,JanuaryandFebruary.4.What’stheweatherlike_____spring?5.Ihavebeenhere_____1976.6.I’velivedhere_____twentyyears.7.Thenexttrainwillarrive_____5hours’time.8.We’regoingtostayatmymother’s_____theweekend.9.Can’tyouwait_____thisafternoon?10.ThisisaphotographItook_____mytrip_____Australia.表达时间的短语Group1.atonin在春天/夏季/秋季/冬季_____________________________________________在一月/二月/三月/十二月_____________________________________________在上午/下午/晚上_____________________________________________在2月3日____________在星期天____________在七月31日____________在星期三____________在儿童节那天____________在2009年10月25日_________在元旦那天____________在10月的一个晚上______________在周一早晨_____________在11月的一个早晨______________在周四晚上_____________在周末__________每年冬天______________在周二上午十点___________明年春天______________总结：Group2beforeafterin,ago(adv.);later(adv.);for,sinceafterschool________aftersupper____________afterclass_________before7:00______________intenyears________withintenyears___________inhisthirties_________inherearlythirties_________inthelastfewweeks__________tenyearsago(adv.)__________forthreemonths___________ 5minuteslater____________3dayslater__________Group3until,till;by;from……to,between…and…till1999__________bythen_________bytheendoflastweek__________bytheendofnextmonth___________fromMondaytoTuesday_______between9:00and10:00____________Youcanvisithim_______4:00______5:00.Group4about,aroundabout5o’clock_________around6o’clock________Ourvillageis_______avalley.1.Idon’tlikemilk_______mycoffee,Ilikeblackcoffee.2.Theweatherisoftencold______thenorth.3.Wereyou______thebutcher’s?4.Thevillageis______ariver.5.Putthesunglasses______thetable.6.Thereisabigship_____thebridge.7.Mr.Jonesiswalking______thebridge_______hisfamily.8.Whenwillthenewpeoplemove______thehouse?9.Don’tleanout______thewindow.10.Heisrunning______theschoolbuilding.11.Adogisrunningafteracat______thegrass.12.Heisswimming_______theriver.13.Mr.Smithandhiswifearewalking______thebanksoftheriver.14.Thesterois______thedoor.15.Theboyissitting______hismother.16.Thechildrenarejumping______thetree.17.Mr.Smithcamehome_______worklateyesterday.18.Thelittleboyissitting______hismotherandfather.Isn’thehappy?表达地点的介词及短语Group5at;in1.在肉铺_________在文具店________2.在面包房________在妈妈家_________3.在美发店_________在学校___________4.在教堂__________在杂货店_________5.在诊所___________在办公室_________6.在美国_________在十一中学________7.在二年级五班_________在第三排___________Group6in;to;onintheeastofChinatotheeastofChinaontheeastofChinaGroup7onoveraboveoverthebridge_________abovetheriver_________onthewall_________ontheplayground___________ Group8in(the)frontof;behind;underinfrontofthehouse________inthefrontofthecar________behindthedoor________behindtheotherstudents________underthetree________underthesun________Group9betweenamongBetweenGuangzhouandZhengzhouamongthedeserted(废弃的)boxesGroup10aroundnearbesidearoundthefireneartherailwaystationbesidehermotherGroup11throughacrosspastovergothedollgothebridgewalktheshopflythemountainwalkthestreetruntheforeist练习题1.ThemanblueisJack’sfather.2.Who’thegirlsmallmouth?3.Youshouldn’twalkthegrass.4.Look,Nancyissittingherfatherandmother.1.Youmuststayawaythehouse.2.Now,Iknowalotinsects.3.Mylittlebrotheralwayshasalotquestions.4.We’reveryhappyschool.5.Keepthegrass,please.6.JimisinRow4.Isithim7.Let’shurry,we’relatetheclass.8.LiuTaoispassingtheballDavid.9.Who’sthewomantheredscarf?10.Ourclassroomistheteachers’office11.Lookthepicture.Whoisthegirlthemanandthewoman.12.Canyoureadthenumberoneten?13.Gothestreet,turnrightatthefirstcrossing.14.Whatcanyouseethetree?Somepeaches15.MrWangisill.He’shome16.Here’saletterFangMing.Letmereadittoyou.17.Myskirtsarethesofa18.Thisisaphotomyfamily19.CanIgoyou?20.Thegirlgreenismyaunt.21.Therearesomebikesthebigtree.22.Putyourumbrellathedoor.23.ThepostofficeisthebankofChina24.Icanseeasofathedeskandthefridge. 阅读理解SavetheanimalsAnimalsareourgoodfriends.Theyhelpusinmanyways.Butwehaven’ttakengoodcareoftheanimalsinreturn.Everyyear,manyanimalsdie.Someanimalsdiebynature.Somediebecausetheirlivingplacesaredamagedbypeople.Mostarekilledbypeople.Wemustsavetheanimals.Ifwedon’t,wewillneverseelovelybearsandmonkeys.Wecan’thearthebeautifulsongsofbirds.Naturewillloseitsbalance.Wewillloseourfriends.家长意见（签字）第八讲动词（1）表示动作的词叫动词。动词可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词，出现在谓语中的动词叫谓语动词，不作谓语的动词非谓语动词。一．谓语动词按照在谓语中的作用，谓语动词可分为连系动词，助动词，情态动词和实义动词。1.连系动词连系动词本身具有一定的意义，表示某事物或人的状态或特征。系动词本身不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词是be动词，be动词后可接名词，代词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式短语，动名词短语作表语。还有一些动词在表示特定含义时可做连系动词。根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为三类：A．五大感官系动词  B．状态系动词C．动态系动词 五大感官系动词：1．look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。Thegirllookedunhappy2．smell“闻起来”，后接adj.Theflowerssmellsweet.3．sound“听起来”，后接adj.分词。Themusicsoundssweet.4．taste“尝起来”，后接adj.分词。Theapplestasteverygood.5．feel①“摸起来”；②“觉得”，后接adj./p.p.Thesilkfeelsverysoft.Youwillfeelbetterafteranight’ssleep.状态系动词：1．be，“是”Iamastudent.2．seem,“似乎，好像”，Theyseemquitehappy.3．appear,“显得，看起来好像”Heappearedtiredandsleepy.4．Keep/stay“保持……的状态”，后接adj或介词短语。You’dbettergotobedandkeepwarm./Weshouldkieepheahthy. 动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。1．get“变成，变得……起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。 Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger. 2．fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词：asleep,lame,silent,ill,sick,flat.MyfatherfellillThelittlegirlfellasleep.3grow“渐渐变得……起来，长得” Youwillgrowusedtoit./It’sgrowingwarm.4．turn“转变成Treesturnredinautumn.5．go，“变成（某种坏的状态）”go之后常接的adj.还有：bad,blind,wild,wrong,sour,hard,hungry,mad,red,with,anger,white,pale,blue,grey,naked等。.Theapplewentbad.6．become“变成，成为”Theybecamegoodfriends.系动词专项练习一、用smell，taste，go，get，become，grow，seem，look，feel，turn的适当形式填空1.You_ _  __veryyoung.2.Thosequestions__ easy.3.Afterthesportsmeeting,he_ _  __verytired.4.Myyoungerbrother_ _  __astudentlastyear.5.Whenwe_ _  __up,we"regoingtohelpbuildupourcountry.6.Theflowers_ _  __verysweet.　7.Herface_ _  __red.　8.Jack_ _  __veryhappy.　　9.Themooncake_ _  __good.10.Themeat_ _  __bad.二、选择题　　1.—WhatisMrWanglike?　　—____.　　A.Heisateacher　　B.Heisoldandkind　　C.Helookslikeaballoon　　D.HelikesEnglish　　2.WhatMrWhitesaidsounds____.　　A.friendlyB.wonderfullyC.pleasantlyD.nicely　　3.Thepoorboy____blindattheageofthree.　　A.turnedB.goesC.becameD.went　　4.Theseapplestaste_____.　　A.tohegoodB.tobewellC.wellD.good　　5.—Doyouliketheshirt?　　—Yes,it____verysoft.　　A.feelsB.feltC.isfeelingD.isfelt　　6.ThemomentMrZhangwenttobed,he___asleep　A.keptB.gotC.fellD.fall　　7.WhenIwenthomeyesterday,itwas____dark.　　A.goingB.gettingC.runningD.coming　　8.Theflowersinthegarden____sweet.　　A.soundB.tasteC.becomeD.smell　　9.She____likehermotherincharacter.　　A.looksB.seemsC.isD.feels　　10.He____muchyoungerthanhereallyis.　　A.appearsB.growsC.becomesD.turns 　　11.You____verypale.Doyoufeelsick?　　A.lookedB.arelookingC.lookingD.arelooked　　12.Hiswishtobecomeadriverhas_true.　.turnedB.realizedC.comeD.grown　　13.Herfather____awriter.　　A.turnedB.grewC.hasturnedD.hasbecome2．情态动词.情态动词是表示感情状态的词，有词义，不能单独作谓语。常用的情态动词有：can,may,must,need,would,should,could,andsoon情态动词仅存在于一般现在时或一般过去时情态动词用法(1)情态动词后接动词原形IcansinginEnglish.(2)情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化HecantellthestoryinEnglish.(3)含有情态动词的句子句型变化与情态动词有关Hecan’ttellthestoryintheEnglish.CanhetellthestoryinEnglish?（4）---MustIfinishmyhomeworktoday?----Yes,youmust.-----No,youneedn’t.=youdon’thaveto.(5)----Couldyouhelpme?----Sure./Ofcourse.-----Sorry,Ican’t.(6)----MayIgohomenow?-----Yes,youcan/may.------No,youmustn’t.(7)haveto与must的区别Haveto常用于表示客观（可用与任何时态中）Ihavetostayathomebecauseit’sraininghardoutside.Must表示主观（仅用于一般现在时或一般过去时）Imuststudyhard.练习题1.Thismathproblemistoohard.Nobody_______doit.A.maynotB.mayC.can‘tD.can2.Youdon"thavetoknowthenameoftheauthortofindabook.You_____findthebookbythetitle。A.mustB.needC.canD.would3.Peter______bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe"sanicepersoningeneral。A.canB.wouldC.mustD.need4.CanYouspellyourname?___A．MynameisMillerB．HereitisC．Yes，IcanD．Yes，Iam5.___yourfatherplaythetrumpet?--Yes，hecan,buthecan"tplayitwell A．MustB．CanC．ShouldD．Need6.Weallcan____basketball.A.playB.playsC.toplayD.playing7.Computersarewonderfulmachinesandthey____dolotsofworkforpeople．A．mustB．shouldC．can8.GoandaskMr.Zhang.He_________knowit.AmayBcanCmustDneed9.Computersarewonderful（奇妙的）machinesandthey____dolotsofworkforpeople．A．mustB．shouldC．can将下面各组词组成句子1.____________________________(not,he,dance,can)2.____________________________?(you,can,see,what)3.____________________________(can,see,not,we,you)4._____________________________.(I,can,help,you)5._____________________________?(I,can,do,what)6._____________________________?(you,can,hearme)7._____________________________?(you,can,dance)3.助动词助动词在谓语中其帮助作用，帮助实义动词一起构成谓语,无词义，有人称和数量的变化，不能独立作谓语。在句型变换时，要用到助动词。不同时态的助动词不一样。如一般现在时中的do,does一般过去时中的did.4.实义动词（行为动词）表示行为动作的词叫实义动词。实义动词有词义，有人称和数量的变化，可以独立作谓语。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。后面接宾语的动词叫做及物动词，不能接宾语的动词叫做不及物动词。家长意见（签字）第九讲动词（2）动词的时态根据动作发生的时间和状态（简称时态）不同，时态有一般现在时，一般将来时，一般过去时和现在进行时，现在完成时等16种。我们要学习的时态是一般现在时，一般将来时，一般过去时和现在进行时。一般现在时1.一般现在时表示现在存在的状态（be）Theyaregoodfriends.Aretheygoodfriends?Theyaren’tgoodfriends.Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.2.一般现在时表示经常性，习惯性的动作（实义动词） Hegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.goes是第三人称单数Hedoesn’tgotoschoolonfooteveryday.does/do是助动词Doeshegotoschoolonfooteveryday?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.1.一般现在时表示客观真理，客观事实Thesungoesupintheeast.Theshopsopenat8:00insummer.（1）Thispairofshoes______(be)veryexpensiove.（2）He_______(do)hishomeworkeveryday.(并变成否定句)一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时存在的状态或发生的动作。用动词的过去式表示一般过去时。动词的过去式由动词原形变化而来，分为规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化是由动词原形加ed变化而来。再加ed时候有几种情况：1）动词直接加edlook---lookedlisten---listened2)动词以e结尾加dlike----likedhate----hated3)动词以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加edstudy---studiedworry---worried4)动词以重读闭音节结尾双写这个辅音字母再加edstop---stopped不规则变化须牢记be---was/werecome---camemake---madesay--said一般过去时的句型变换：1）含有be动词表状态Hewasbadlyillyesterday.Hewasnotbadlyillyesterday.Washebadlyillyesterday?Yes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.2)实义动词表动作Hewenthomelastweek.Hedidn’tgohomelastweek.Didhegohomelastweek?Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.3)含有情态动词Theycouldmakekites10yearsago.Couldtheymakekites10yearsago?Yes,theycould.No,theycouldn’t.Theycouldn’tmakekites10yearsago.一般过去时的时间状语：1）yesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdayin19802)last+时间名词lastSundaylastyear3)一段时间+agotwodaysagothreemonthsago4)由when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句Hewenttoschoolwhenhewas4yearsold.1.Mike_________________(notgo)tobeduntil12o"clocklastnight.Sohe______(get)uplate.2.Mary________(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.3.TomandMary_________(come)toChinalastmonth.4.Anndidherhomeworkyesterdayevening.　否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________对划线部分提问：____________________________________家长意见（签字）第十讲动词（3）动词的时态一般将来时一般将来时表示即将，计划，准备，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。begoingto+vwill/shall+v助动结构助动词Heisgoingtobuyanewbike.Hewillbuyanewbike.Heisnotgoingtobuyanewbike.Hewillnotbuyanewbike.Ishegoingtobuyanewbike?Willhebuyanewbike?Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.Yes,hewill.No,hewon’t.当谓语动词是go,come,leave,begin,start等趋向动词时常用现在进行时表示一般将来时。Thebusiscoming.Iamgoinghome.一般将来时时间状语：A．将来的具体时间Tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthe2030B.next+时间名词nextweeknextyearnextFridaynexttimeC.in+一段时间（提问用howsoon）IntwodaysintenyearsinthreeweeksD.固定短语InthefuturesoonE.when,before,after,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句Heisgoingtobeanactorwhenhegrowsup.IwillcallyouassoonasIcome.注意：在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来时。1）.I______（leave）inaminute.I______（finish）allmyworkbeforeI______（leave）.2）.I______（be）tired.I______（go）tobedearlytonight.3）.Mary’sbirthdayisnextMonday,hermother_____（give）herapresent.4）.Itisverycoldthesedays.It______（snow）soon..现在进行时一..现在进行时概念： 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。二.现在进行时结构be（am/is/are）＋v-ing助动词IamreadingEnglish.我正在读英语三。句型变化IamnotreadingEnglish-Ishe(she)listeningtomusic?　　-Yes,he(she)is.　　No,he(she)isn"t.四.动词加ing的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping4.以ie结尾，变ie为y再加ing。如：tie—tyingdie---dying写出下列动词的现在分词：play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write_________ski___________read________have_________sing________dance_________put_________see________buy_________love____________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?aways用于进行时表示一种感情色彩，厌恶或喜欢。Heisawayslisteningtotheteachercarefully.他总是认真听老师讲课。时态综合练习：1.Sheoften(have)arestatnoonathome.2.He(read)intheclassroomnow.3.Childrenoften(play)intheparkonSundays.4.Look,they(play)intheplayground.5.Mary(go)tothecinemaeverySaturday.6.I(watch)TVtomorrow.7.They(plant)sometreeslastyear.8.Wealways(have)lunchatschool.9.Tom(like)Chinesefood.10.Listen,Nancy(laugh)inthedining-room. 11.They(stay)inLondonfor3daysnextyear.12.(do)you(have)agoodrestlastnight.13.He(have)afeveryesterday,butnowhe(feel)better.14.Mr.Brown(teach)usEnglishlastterm.15.MissLi(teach)usEnglishnow.16.I(be)astudentin1976.17.He(clean)ourclassroomyesterday.18.Mymother(be)aworkertenyearsago.19.They(do)theirhomeworkintheclassroomin2hours.20.Milan(play)thepianoeveryevening.家长意见（签字）第十一讲动词（4）过去进行时过去进行时，是表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。谓语结构be(was/were)+v-ing助动词用法：一、过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间状语可以用一般过去时的时间状语来表示。如：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetoten，lasteveningWewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.　　WhatwasheresearchingalldaylastSunday?二、过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作同时发生。时间状语通常是when,while引导的状语从句WhenIsawhim，hewasdecoratinghisroom.Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasreadinganewspaper.HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking. when与while的区别：When从句中的动作常是短暂性，不能延续。While从句中的动作常是长时间的动作，可以延续。主句（过去进行时）when从句（一般过去时）主句（一般过去时）while从句（过去进行时）三，通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree,be,believe,belong,care,forget,hate,have(拥有),hear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,own,remember,seem,suppose,understand,want,wish等。例如：　　误：Iwasknowingtheanswer.　　正：Iknewtheanswer.我知道答案。1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.　A.made　B.ismaking　C.wasmaking　D.makes2)Whileshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read;wasfalling　B.wasreading;fell　C.wasreading;wasfalling　D.read;fell四，过去进行时和一般过去时的区别一般过去时和过去进行时的动作都发生在过去，都属于过去时态。一般过去时表示过去那个动作完成，过去进行时表示那个动作正在发生，不一定完成。如：Shewaswritingaletterlastnight.昨天晚上她正在写封信。Shewrotealetterlastnight.昨天晚上她写了一封信。（信写完）五、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）1)表心理状态、情感的动词，如love,hate,like,care,respect,please,prefer,know等，若用进行时则词意改变。　　I’mforgettingit.(=beginningtoforget)2)表存在、状态的动词，如appear,exist,lie,remain,stand,seem等3)表感觉的动词，如see,hear,feel,smell,sound,taste等.4)表一时性的动词，如accept,allow,admit,decide,end,refuse,permit,promise等。动词填空。１John_______（work）alldayyesterday.２He_______（walk）homewhenthe（rian）_______begin.３—What______you_______（do）atteno"clockyesterday﹖—I_______（studay）inclass．４WhenHarry_______（have）breakfastLily_______（telephone）him．５WhenI________（go）toschoolthismorningI______（see）acarrunningintoabus．6ThistimeyesterdayJack______(mend)hisbike.7.I______(write)aletterattenlastnight.8.Itwassix.TheGreens______(have)supper.9.Whenyou______(knock)atthedooryesterday,I______(do)somewashing.10.Whilemymother______(watch)TV,I______(make)akite. 现在完成时　　定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。构成:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;在动词后面加ed构成过去分词。不规则动词变化须牢记。否定式:主语+haven"t/hasn"t+过去分词+其他。　　疑问式:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?　　简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)　　　　　　　No,主语+haven"t/hasn"t.(否定)基本用法1)表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常同already,just,yetsofar,recently,bynow,，ever,inthepastfewyears,bytheendof+表示现在的时间（thisterm----）等状语连用例：Ihavejustturnedoffthelight.我刚刚把灯关上。（结果是灯已经关上了）Shehaslostherbike.Shehastowalktoschool.她把自行车丢了。（影响是他现在没有自行车骑了）Ihavealreadyreadthebook.　我已读过这本书了。（结果是已知道这本书的内容）2)表示开始于过去、持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能继续下去（也可能不继续下去），常同包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如：today,now,thisweek,thismorning,thesedays,thisafternoon,recently,等；也同“for+时间段”或“since＋过去的时间点/时间状语从句”的状语连用.这时谓语动词必须是延续性动词。Shehastaughtintheschoolfortenyears.　她在这所学校教书已经10年了。Ihaven"teatenanythingsincebreakfast.　我从早饭起就一直没有吃东西。Ihaveknownhersincewewerechildren.　我从小就认识她。Ithasrainedalotthesedays.　这些天多雨。非延续性动词不能与时间段连用：go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中。如不能说：Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths.(ⅹ)但可以说：Hehaskeptthebookfor2months.这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。become—beborrow—keepbuy—havebegin(start)—beonopen—beopendie—bedeadleave--beawaycome--behere/ingoout—beoutjoin--beamember/beinbegintostudy—study注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven"treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth3)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1．现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去,强调动作。 比：Ihavewashedthecar.我洗过了车。（看上去很漂亮）Iwashedthecaramomentago.　我刚才洗过车了。Shehaswateredtheflowers.　她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）Shewateredtheflowersyesterday.　她昨天浇的花。2.过去时常与过去的具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时不能与过去的时间状语连用。-----Ihavehadbreakfastalready.-----Whendidyouhavebreakfast?-----At8:00am.用于现在完成时的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。　ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.2）Thisisthe…that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.　ThisisthebestfilmthatI"ve(ever)seen.　　　这是我看过的最好的电影。　Thisisthefirsttime(that)I"veheardhimsing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。3）havebeento与havegoneto区别Havebeento去过某地（已经返回）havegoneto去了某地（没有回来）----WhereisLiLei?-----He____________tothelibrary.Ihave_________toBeiJingmanytimes.4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间since从句（一般过去时）强调句式Ihavehadthebookfor10days.Ihavehadthebooksince10daysago.Iboughtthebook10daysago.Itis/hasbeen10dayssinceIboughtthebook.选择填空。1．I_______ aletterfromhimsinceheleft． A．didn"treceiveB．haven"tgotC．didn"thaveD．haven"theard2．—Wherehaveyou_______thesedays？—IhavetoDazhuwithmyfriends． A．been；goneB．been；beenC．gone；beenD．gone；gone3．Howlonghaveyou_______thisbook？A．boughtB．borrowedC．hadD．lent4．—Where"sPeter？—He_______toNanjing．A．isgoingB．hasbeenC．hasgoneD．went5．You"veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore，_______？ A．haven"tyouB．haveyouC．doyouD．don"tyou6．Wehavelivedhere_______fiveyearsago．A．whenB．sinceC．beforeD．after7．---Doyouknowourtownatall?　　---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.was　B.havebeen　C.came　D.amcoming8．—HowdoyoulikeBeijing，MrBlack？—Oh，I_______suchabeautifulcity． A．don"tvisitB．didn"tvisitC．haven"tvisitedD．hadn"tvisited 9．Theoldpeople_______lonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceaweek．  A．don"tfeelB．hasn"tfeltC．haven"tfeltD．didn"tfeel10．Mygrandfather_______ inthesmalltownallhislife．Healwayssayshelikesthetown． A．livedB．havelivedC．haslivedD．isliving11．MissBrown_______totheGreatWalltwice． A．havebeenB．hasbeenC．havegoneD．hasgone12．HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice_______hecametoYunnan．  A．afterB．beforeC．sinceD．for13．Hisgrandpa_______fortwoyears．A．wasdiedB．hasbeendeadC．wasdeadD．hasdied14．—Haveyouever_______ toHaikou？—Yes，I_______ therewithmyfamilylastAugust． A．gone；wentB．been；went C．been；wenttoD．been；wasin15．Hissister_______herhometownforthreeyears．She"llreturnnextyear． A．leftB．hasleft C．hasbeenawayD．hasbeenawayfrom家长意见（签字）第十二讲动词（5）1.过去完成时过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情（过去的过去），也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间(常接时间状语：since+时间点,for +时间段)。如：WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。Wehadlearntfifteenlessonsbylastweek.到上周为止，我们学完了十五篇课文。Hehadstayedherefortwodaysbeforeheleft.他走之前在这儿呆了两天。Hesaidthathehadlivedtheresincehewasten.他说他十岁起就住在那儿了。过去完成时的结构过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。助动词过去完成时的应用(1)过去完成时常与“by+过去时间”连用Hehadwrittenthreestoriesbylastyear.到去年他已经写了三篇故事。Wehadlearned10unitsbytheendoflastweek.(2)过去完成时与before,after,assoonas，when,bythetime所引导的时间状语从句连用。HehadlearntsomeEnglishbeforeIwenthere.在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。Wehadcleanedtheroomwhenhegotthere.当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。Hewentthereafterhehadfinishedhiswork.他把事做完之后，就去哪儿了。主句（过去完成时）when/before/assoonas/bythetime+从句（一般过去时）主句（一般过去时）after+从句（过去完成时）注意：当主句跟由before,after,assoonas所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时，从句也可用一般过去时。(3)过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：Hesaidhehadbeenasoldier.他说他当过兵。Theysaidtheyhadseenthefilm.他们说这幕电影他们看过。.用动词的适当形式填空1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman_____________(make)awillbeforehe_____________(die).3.They_____________(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey________(leave).4.Therobbers_____________(runaway)beforethepolicemen_______ (arrive).5.I__________(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI____________(go)tobed.6.Paul__________(go)outwithJaneafterhe__________(make) aphonecall.7.Tom__________(say)he___________(read)thebooktwice.8.Ourplan____________(fail)becausewe_____________(make)abadmistake.9.Whenthechairman______________(finish)speaking,he_____________(leave)thehall.10.TheReads__   ______ (have)lunchwhenI________________(get)totheirhouse.11.WhenI______________(arrive)atthestation,he____________________(leave).12.We_______________(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.13.Iwaiteduntilhe_______________(finish)hishomework.14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe________already______(do)15.She____________(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe________________(be)therebefore.16.He______________(nottell)youthenewsyet.17.Hesaidhe_____________already_________(give)thebooktotheteacher.18.I______________(be)toShanghaibefore.19.Shetoldmeshe_________________(be)toSanyathreetimes.20.She_____________(play)theguitarwhilehersister_______________(sing). 2.过去将来时一、过去将来时的含义过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”,而不是时间。如: IheardthattheyweregoingtoreturntoShanghaisoon.  我听说他们不久要回到上海。二，构成①由助动词“would/should+动词原形”构成,should主要用于主语是第一人称时;would可用于各种人称。如:Wheneverwehadtrouble,hewouldcometohelpus.不论何时我们遇到困难,他总会给予帮助。②由“was/weregoingto+动词原形”构成。如:Nooneknewwhenhewasgoingtocome.没有人知道他什么时候来。【注意】①表示“往来”时空变化的短暂性动词如“go,come,arrive,travel,start,begin,leave,move,fly,return,takeoff”等,通常用过去进行时来表示过去将来。如:Hesaidtheywereleavingatseven.他说他们将于七点动身。②条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：Ididn’tknowwhenshewouldcome，butwhenshecameIwouldletyouknow.我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。TheteachersaidthatitwouldbeverydifficulttomakeprogressifIdidn’tworkhard.老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。用所给动词的适当形式填空1.MissZhangsaidshe________(visit)theGreatWallnextsummer.　2.Shetoldhimthatshe________(notstay)hereforlong.3.Iwasn’tsurewhetherLucy_______(come)thenextyear.4.Thescientistssaidtheworld’spopulation_______(slow)downinfuture.5.Shesaidthebus_______(leave)atfivethenextmorning.6.Iwasn"tsurewhetherhe_______(lend)mehisbookthenextmorning.7.Hewasfifty-six.Intwoyearshe_______(be)fifty-eight.8.Whenevershehastime,she______(help)themintheirwork.　时态专练1.Everyyearmanyforeigners____toChinatolearnChinese. 　　A.havecomeB.comesC.cameD.come 　2.—Canyourelderbrothermakemodelairplanes？ 　　—Yes，thisweekhe____anewmodel. 　　A.makesB.ismade C.hadmadeD.ismaking 　3.Jackwentintotheroom，tookoffhiscoatand____downonasofa. 　　A.wouldsitB.wassitting C.satD.hadsat 　4.—Haveyoumendedyourshoes，Bob？ 　　—Yes，I____themtwentyminutes ago. 　　A.havemendedB.mend C.hadmendedD.mended 　5.There____afootballgamebetweenItalyandGermanytomorrowmorning. 　　A.hasB.isgoingtobe C.willhaveD.hasbeen 　6.I____toCanadatwice.It’ssocoldthere. 　　A.won’tgoB.havegone C.don’tgoD.havebeen 　7.—HaveyoueverbeentoGuilin？ 　　—Yes.I____therefourmonthsago. 　　A.havebeenB.havegone C.hadbeenD.went 　8.Pleasedon’tleaveuntilyourteacher____back. 　　A.willcomeB.came C.comesD.iscoming 　9.—Howlonghaveyou____？ 　　—Since1990. 　　A.boughttheMP3B.joinedtheParty C.becomeamidfieldplayerD.livedinthetown 　10.—____you____aticketforthefootballmatch？ 　　—Notyet. 　　A.Is；boughtB.Are；bought C.Has；boughtD.Have；bought 　11.—DoyouknowwhenDrWhite____fordinnerthisevening？ 　　—No，butIthinkhe____whenheisfree. 　　A.willcome；comesB.willcome；willcome C.comes；comesD.comes；willcome 　12.—WhereisDad，Mum？ 　　—He____tothefactory. 　　A.hasbeenB.went C.goesD.hasgone 　13.Noonecanfeelthattime____，buteveryonecanfeelthattimehaspassed. 　　A.ispassingB.haspassed C.hadpassedD.waspassing 　14.Nobodynoticedwhattheyoungman____atthatmoment. 　　A.willdoB.wasdoing C.hasdoneD.haddone 　15.—Howisyourfather？I____himforalongtime. 　　—Heisfine，butbusy. 　　A.don’tseeB.hadn’tseen C.didn’tseeD.haven’tseen 　16.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.We____tothemusic. 　　A.arelisteningB.listen C.listenedD.havelistened 　17.—Isn’tJimbackyet？ 　　—No，butIthinkhe____homeinhalfanhour. 　　A.returnedB.willreturn C.hasreturnedD.returns 　18.—MayIborrowyourCDplayer？ 　　—Sorry，I____itmyself. 　　A.amusingB.usedC.haveusedD.use 　19.TheWorldWithoutThievesisaveryinterestingfilm.I____ittwicealready. 　　A.willseeB.seeC.sawD.haveseen 　20.—John，youarelate！ 　　—Sorry，I____nexttime. 　　A.don’tB.won’tC.amnotD.haven’t 　　21.MrsSmithtoldusthatthemoon____aroundtheearth. 　　A.goesB.wentC.goingD.go  　22.—IsthatChrisspeaking？ 　　—Sorry，heisn’tin.He____abroadonbusiness. 　　A.goesB.wentC.hasgoneD.willgo 　23.—Jack，canyouhelpmetowashthedishes？ 　　—Sorry，Mum.I____totheWC. 　　A.goB.wentC.amgoingD.havebeen 　24.—Where’sthecake？Imadeitthismorning. 　　—We____it，Mum.Canyoumakeanotheroneforus？ 　　A.ateB.eatC.willeatD.wereeating 　25.—I’dliketoborrowabook.ItsnameisChicken，Run. 　　—Letmefinditonthecomputer.Hereitis.It____Katehasgotit. 　　A.saysB.issaid C.hassaidD.wassaid 　26.Peterisstrongandhe____toschooleveryday. 　　A.walkedB.walks C.willwalkD.haswalked 　27.Shewillgoifit____tomorrow. 　　A.isn’trainingB.don’train C.doesn’trainD.didn’train 　28.—LiLin，isitOKforyoutogotoyourgrandpa’shousealone？ 　　—Noproblem.I____youassoonasI____there. 　　A.call；getB.willcall；get C.call；willgetD.willcall；willget 　29.—Kitty，willyougotoseethefilmColdMountainthisevening？ 　　—No，Iwon’t.I____italready. 　　A.sawB.haveseen C.seeD.willsee 　30.I____myhomeworkwhilemyparents____TVlastnight. 　　A.did；havewatchedB.wasdoing；werewatching 　　C.haddone；werewatchingD.woulddo；werewatching 　31.—Isyourfatheradoctor？ 　　—Yes，heis.He____intheTownHospital. 　　A.workB.workingC.worksD.worked 　32.Mysister____abookintheclassroomwhenherteachercamein. 　　A.readB.reads C.wasreadingD.isreading 　33.Ifit____sunnytomorrow，I____fishingintheSouthLake. 　　A.is；goB.is；willgo C.willbe；goD.willbe；willgo 　34.—Howlong____thefilmKINGKONG____？ 　　—Forjustseveralminutes. 　　A.did；beginB.has；begun C.has；beenonD.will；begin 　35.—I’msorrytohearthatBillfailedintheexamagain. 　　—Don’tworryabouthim.I’msurethathewillnevergiveupuntilhe ____. 　　A.succeedB.succeeds C.succeededD.willsucceed 　36.Thelifewewereusedto____greatlysince1992. 　　A.changeB.haschanged C.changingD.havechanged 　37.—WillyouwatchtheWorldCupmatchthisyear？ 　　—No，butI____severalWorldCupmatchessinceitbegantendaysago. 　　A.hadwatchingB.watch C.waswatchingD.havewatched 　38.—Youareleavingyourschool.Howdoyoulike it？ 　　—Ilikeitverymuch，ofcourse.I____thisschoolsinceImovedhere. 　　A.cametoB.havegoneto C.havebeenatD.havebeento 　39.—Icalledyouthismorning，butnobodyanswered. 　　—I____theflowersinmygardenatthattime. 　　A.wateredB.watering C.waswateringD.water 　40.—I’msorryyouhavemissedthebus.It____fiveminutesago. 　　—Whatapity！ 　　A.wasleavingB.hasleft C.leftD.leaves 　41.—WhatareMrandMrsBlackdoing？ 　　—They____teainthelivingroom. 　　A.aredrinkingB.drank C.havedrunkD.drink 　42.Idon’tthinkI____youinthatdressbefore. 　　A.haveseenB.wasseeing C.sawD.see 　43.Listen！Someofthegirls____aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem. 　　A.talkingB.aretalking C.willtalkD.istalking 　44.—Nicetoseeyou.I____youforalongtime. 　　—I____inBeijing.I’vejustcomeback. 　　A.hadn’tseen；amB.haven’tseen；was 　　C.didn’tsee；willbeD.haven’tseen；shallbe 　45.—Oh，MrsWhite，yournecklacelooksnice.Isitnew？ 　　—No，I____itforthreeyears. 　　A.hadB.havehad C.boughtD.havebought 　46.Peter____hisleftarmwhenhewasplayingbasketball. 　　A.hurtB.washurting C.hashurtD.hadhurt 　47.—Don’tforgettopostthisletterforme，please. 　　—No，I____. 　　A.don’tB.won’tC.mustn’tD.can’t 　48.Ilikemynewbike.It____verywell. 　　A.ridesB.isriding C.isriddenD.hasridden 　49.Theworld____.Thingsneverstaythesame. 　　A.changesB.ischanging C.waschangingD.willchange 　50.—____totheUnitedStates？ 　　—No，never，butIwillgothereintwoweeks. 　　A.HaveyoubeenB.Haveyougone C.DidyougoD.Willyougo 　51.—____you____totheradio？ 　　—No，youcanturnitoff. 　　A.Did；listenB.Have；listened C.Do；listenD.Are；listening 　52.—Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday，Dick？ 　　—Mary____. 　　A.cleanedB.doesC.didD.is 　53.—Lily，____you____yourticket？ 　　—Notyet. 　　A.did；didB.have；found C.has；foundD.do；find 　54.—Canyougivemea hand，Robin？ 　　—But，Helen，you____myhelpeveryfiveminutes.I____TVnow. 　　A.need；amwatchingB.need；watch 　　C.areneeding；watchD.areneeding；arewatching 　55.Catherine____aletterwhenhermothercameintoherbedroom. 　　A.haswrittenB.waswritten C.hadwrittenD.iswriting 　56.—____toHongKong？ 　　—Yes.AndIwillbebacknextweek. 　　A.HaveyougoneB.Haveyoubeen C.AreyougoingD.Didyougo 　57.—Youforgottomakethebed. 　　—Oh，soIdid.____anddoitatonce. 　　A.I’llgoB.I’vegone C.IgoD.I’mgoing 　58.—Isyourmotherin？ 　　—No，she____fortwohours. 　　A.wasoutB.hasbeenout C.wentoutD.hasgoneout 　59.Idon’tknowifshe____Nanjing.Ifshe____therenextweek，I’llaskhertotakethejackettoAuntLi. 　　A.willgoto；goesB.goesto；goes C.goesto；willgoD.willgo；willgo 　60.—Wouldyouliketohaveatry？ 　　—Yes，verymuch.It____tobeexciting. 　　A.seemB.islooking C.seemsD.willlook 　　家长意见（签字）