小学英语语法知识要点 7页

小学英语语法知识要点一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下，直接加・s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以SoXoshoch结尾，力口・es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母y"结尾，变y为i,再加・es,如I：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fb"结尾，变f或fc为v,再加・cs,如I：knifc-knivcs)Lcai^—leaves5・不规贝名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen、policewoman-policewomen,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish・fish,people-peopletChinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese写下歹I」各i司的复数Ihimthisherwatchchildhotodiarydayfootbookdresstoothsheepboxstrawberrypeachsandwichdishbusmanwoman二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍[Noo1]一般现在时的功能1。表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisbluec天空是蓝色的。2。表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday。我天天六点起床。3。表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun0地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1obe动词：主语be(am,is,arc)其它。如I：Iamaboy0我是一个男孩。2。行为动词：主语行为动词(其它)。如：WestudyEnglisho我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动词后加“・s”或“・es”。如：MarylikesChineseo玛丽喜欢汉语。【No。2]一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句：主语benot其它。如：Heisnotaworkero他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be主语其它。女D:-Areyouastudent?-Yesclam。/No,I"mnot。非凡疑问句：疑问词一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?2。行为动词的变化。否定句:主语don"t(doesn"t)动词原形(其它)。如：Idon"tlikebread。当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn"t构成否定句。如1：Hedoesn"toftenplay。一般疑问句：Do(Does)主语动词原形其它。如1：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido。/No,Idon"t。当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：-Docsshegotoworkbybike-Yes,shedocs。/No,shedoesn"t。动词s的变化规则1.一般情况下，直接加・s,如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s。Xoshochoo结尾，力女口：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i,再加・cs,如I：study-studies一般现在吋用法专练：一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drinkgostaymake lookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushdoteachwash二、用插号内动词的适当形式填空。1。Heoften(have)dinnerathome。2oDanielandTommy(be)inClassOnco3qWe(notwatch)TVonMonday□4。Nick(notgo)tothezooonSunday。5othey(like)theWorldCup?6oWhattheyoften(do)onSaturdays?7oyourparents(read)newspaperseveryday8。Thegirl(teach)usEnglishonSundayso9。SheandI(take)awalktogethereveryevening。10oThere(be)somewaterinthebottleolloMike(like)cookingo12oThey(have)thesamehobby。13oMyaunt(look)afterherbabycarefully□14oYoualways(do)yourhomeworkwell。15oI(be)illoFmstayinginbedo16oShe(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday。17oLiuTao(do)notlikePE。18oThechildoften(watch)TVintheevening□19oSuHaiandSuYang(have)eightlessonsthisterm。20o—Whatday(be)ittoday?—It"sSaturday三、现在进行时1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.现在进彳亍吋的肯定句基本结构为be动词ing。3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5.现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为：疑问词不达意be主语动词ing?但疑问词当主语吋其结构为：疑问词不达意be动词ing?动词加ing的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如：cook-cooking2.以不发音的c结尾，去c加ing,如1：make-making,taste-tasting3.假如末尾是一个元咅字母和一个辅咅字母，双写末尾的辅咅字母，再加ing,如：run-running,stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：playrunswimmakegolikewriteskireadhavesingdanceputseebuylovelivetakecomegettopsitbegin二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空： 1oTheboy(draw)apicturenow。2。Listen。Somegirls(sing)intheclassroom。3。Mymother(cook)somenicefoodnowo4oWhatyou(do)now?5oLookoThey(have)anEnglishlesson。6。They(not,water)theflowersnow07。Look!thegirls(dance)intheclassroom。8oWhatisourgranddaughterdoing?She(listen)tomusico9oIt"s5o"clocknowoWe(have)suppernow10oHelen(wash)clothes?Yes，sheis。四、将来时理—一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以卜时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year...),soon,thedayaftertomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:®begoingtodo；②willdoo三、否定句：在be动词(am,is,are)1后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont例女［1：PmgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoonotI"mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon□四、同义句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow(明天)。=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow□练习：填空。lo我打算明天和朋友去野炊。IhaveapicnicwithmyfriendsoIhaveapicnicwithmyfriendso2。我们将要学习英语WelearnEnglishoWelearnEnglisho五过去时1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去吋也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：(Dam和is在一般过去时中变为was。(wasnot=wasn,t)(2)are在一般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren4t)1.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn"t动词原形,女口:Jimdidn"tgohomeyesterdayo动词过去式变化规则：1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,女口：work_-worked,cook-cooked2・结尾是e加d,女Cl:livelived2.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加・ed,女口：stop-stopped3.以“辅音字母y”结尾的,变y为i,再加・ed,如：study-studied 1.不规则动词过去式:am，is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come・came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat练习：写出下列动词的过去式isamplantaredrinkplaygomakedoesdanceworryasktasteeatputkickpassdoBe动词的过去时练习(1)一、用be动词的适当形式填空UIatschooljustnowo2。Heatthecamplastweek。3。Westudentstwoyearsago。4。Theyonthefarmamomentago。5oYangLingelevenyearsoldlastyear。6。Thereanappleontheplateyesterday□7。TheresomemilkinthefridgeonSundayoSoThemobilephoneonthesofayesterdayevening9.I;inEnglishteachernow。10oShehappyyesterdayolloTheygladtoseeeachotherlastmonth□行为动词的过去时练习(2)一、用be动词的适当形式填空1oI(watch)acartoononSaturday□2oHerfather(read)anewspaperlastnight。3oWetozooyesterday,wetothepark□(go)4qyou(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5ohe(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he。6oGaoShan(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholidayo7oI(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother。8oWhatshe(find)inthegardenlastmorning?She(find)abeautifulbutterfly六、人称代词和物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性Imemymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhers•It■ItitsitsweUSourourstheythemtheirtheirs习题-。用所给词的适当形式填空IoThatisnotkitCoThatkiteisverysmall，butisverybig。(I) 2。ThedressisoGiveitto。(she)3。Isthiswatch?(you)No,it"snot。(I)4oismybrotheronameisJackoLook!Thosestampsare。(he)二、用am,is，arc填空loIaboy。youaboy?No,Inot。2oThegirlJack"ssister。1oThedogtallandfato4oThemanwithbigeyesateacher。5oyourbrotherintheclassroom?6oWhereyourmother?Sheathomeo7oHowyourfather?8oMikeandLiuTaoatschool09oWhosedressthis?10oWhosesocksthey?语法及练习1be动词Be动词的用法：(1)Am-wasIs-wasAre-were口诀：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，复数全用are。(2)肯定和否定句lam(not)fromLondonoHeis(not)ateacheroSheis(not)inthediningroom0Myhairis(not)longoHereyesarc(not)small□(3)一般疑问句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare。No,youaren"t。AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyareoNo,theyaren"toIsthecatfat?Yes,itis。No,itisn"t。用恰当的be动词填空。loIaboy。youaboy?No,Inote2oThegirlJack"ssister。3oThedogtallandfato4。Themanwithbigeyesateacher。5oyourbrotherintheclassroom?6oWhereyourmother?Sheathome。7oHowyourfather?8。MikeandLiuTaoatschool。7oWhosedressthis?8oWhosesocksthey?IoThatmyredskirtc12oWhoI?13oThejeansonthedesk。14oHereascarfforyou。15oHeresomesweatersforyouo16oTheblackglovesforSuYang。17oThispairofglovesforYangLingo 18oThetwocupsofmilkforme。19oSometeaintheglass。20oGaoshanksshirtoverthereo21oMysister"snameNancyo22oThisnotWangFang"spencilo23oDavidandHelenfromEngland?24cThereagirlintheroom。25oTheresomeapplesonthetree026othereanykitesintheclassroom?27othereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?28oTheresomebreadontheplateo29oThereaboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark。30oYou,heandIfromChinao语法及练习2人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。用所给词的适当形式填空。lo2oThatisnotkite。Thatkiteisverysmall,butisverybig。(I)Thedressis。Giveittoo(she)3oIsthiswatch?(you)No,it"snoto(I)4oismybrotheronameisJackoLook!Thosestampsarco(he)5。dressesarered。(we)Whatcolourare?(you)6oHerearemanydolls,whichoneis?(she)7oIcanfindmytoy,butwhere"s?(you)SoShowyourkite,OK?(they)9。Ihaveabeautifulcat。nameisMimioThesecakesareo(it)lOoArethesetickets?No,arenotoaren"there。(they)lloShallhavealookatthatclassroom?Thatisclassroomo(WC)12oismyauntoDoyouknowjob?anurse□(she)13oThatisnotcamera。isathome。(he)14oWhereare?Ican"tfind。Let"scallparentso(they)15oDon"touch。notacat,atiger!16osisterisilloPleasegoandget。(she)17odon"tknowhername。Wouldyoupleasetell。(we)18oSomanydogSoLet"scount。(they)19oIhavealovelybrother。isonly3。Ilikeverymuchc(he) 20oMayIsitbeside?(you)21oLookatthatdcskoThosebookarcono(it)22oThegirlbehindisourfriendo(she)