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  • 2022-06-17 15:55:11 发布

初二上册英语语法知识点

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一语法:(1)形容词和副词比较级相关知识点一、有关原级的用法1.只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too例如,Heistootiredtowalkon.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan"tfollowhim.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。2.原级常用的句型结构⑴“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+厶"表示“甲和乙程度和同”或“甲是乙的儿倍”例如,TomisasoldasKate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。TomistwiceasoldasKate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙"表示“甲和乙程度相同”或讨卩是乙的儿倍”例如,TomrunsasfastasMike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。TomrunstwiceasfastasMike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙""甲不如乙…例如,Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.这个房间不如那个大。“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…例如,Hedoesn"twalkasslowlyasyou.他走路不像你那样慢。二、形容词副词比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词,much,alot,far,...的多alittle,abit,…一点儿even甚至,still仍然例如,LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore.汤姆至比以前更年轻。Thistrainrunsmuchfasterthanthatone.这辆火车比那辆跑地快Shedrivesstillmorecarefullythanherhusband.她开乍仍然比她丈夫还认真。2.比较级常用的句型结构⑴“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙「或仲比乙…几倍”例如,TomistallerthanKate.汤姆比凯特高。Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“卬比乙...”或“甲比乙…几倍”例如,1gotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning.我今犬早忌起床比我妈妈还早。Herunsthreetimesfasterthanhisbrother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。⑵“「卩+bc+形容词比较级+than+anyothcr+单数名词什介词知语)""表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……",含义是“甲最……例如,TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.=TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyoftheotherriversinChina.长江比【|1国的任何一条其他的河都长。=ThcYangtzeRiverislongerthantheotherriversinChina.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=ThcYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinChina.长江是中国最长的河流。注意:TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyriverinJapan.长江比LI木的任何一条河都长。“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词什介词短语广表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……",含义是“甲最……"。例女[1,Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Mikegetstoschoolearlierthananyoftheotherstudentsinhisclass.迈克比他们班上任何一个他的同学到校都早。 =Mikegetstoschoolearlierthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.边克比他们班上具他的同!了到校都早。=Mikegets toschoolearliestinhisclass.迈克在他们班到校最早。注意:MikegetstoschoolearlierthananystudentinTom"sclass.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。例如,Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo.看那两个男孩,我弟弟是两个当屮较高的那个。(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……例如,Heisgettingtallerandtaller.他变得越来越高了。Theflowersaremoreandmorebeautiful.花儿越來越漂亮。Hedoeshishomeworkmoreandmorecarefully.他做作业越来越认真了。⑸“thc+比较级,thc+比较级”表示“越......,越......”。例如,Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou"llmake.你越认真,犯的错误越少。(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,Tor乙?”例如,Whichisbigger,theearthorthemoon?哪一个大,地球还是月球?“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级,甲or乙???例如,Whodrawsbetter,JennyorDanny?谁価得比较好,詹妮还是丹尼?1.最高级常用句型结构⑴“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的二例如,Tomisthetallestinhisclass./ofallthestudents.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。Thisappleisthebiggestofthe五ve.这个苹果是五个当屮最人的。“主语+实意动词+(thc)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of戒语"表示“……是……中最……的”。例如,1jump(the)farthestinmyclass.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。例如,BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.北京是中国最大城市Z—。(3广特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲,乙,or•丙?"用于三者以上的比较。例如,Whichcountryisthelargest,China,BrazilorCanada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较例如,Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best,spring,summerorautumn?你授喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋犬?三、形容词和副词比较级常用句型1.当A>B时,用“比较级+than+比较对象”来表示。如:Myroomissmallerthanyours.我的房间比你的小。Shegotthereearlierthan1did.她比我到得早。注意:一般來说,比较对象为人称代词时,用主格或宾格均可。但是,当句子小谓语动词为及物动词时,人称代词用主格或宾格意义不同。如:Ilikeyoubetterthanhe(likesyou).我比他更喜欢你。Ilikeyoubetterthan(helikes)him.我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。2.当A>B,但B包含A时,则须用othei•來将A排除出去,即:(1)用“比较级+than+anyother+名词单数"来表示。如:ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.屮国比其他任何亚洲国家都要人。(2)用“比较级+than+anyoftheother4-名词复数”来表示。 如:Heisolderthananyoftheotherboysinhisclass.他比他班上任何同学年纪都大。(2)用“比较级+than+alltheother+名词复数”来表示。如:Yourdepartmentspentmorelastyearthanalltheotherdepartmentsputtogether. 你们部门去年的花销比其他所冇部门的加起来还多。(4)用"比较级+than+(anyof)theothers"来表示。如:Ireceivedlessmoneythantheothersdid.我比别人收到的钱少。5)用“比较级+than+theother+名词复数”来表示。如:Heisclevererthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.他比班上其他学生聪明。6)用"比较级+than+anyoneelse"來表示。如:Youknowhimbetterthananyoneelse.你对他比任何別人都更了解。1.当A>B,但B不包含A时,句空为:(1)用“比较级+than+anyofthe+名词复数""來表示。如:Heisricherthananyofthepeoplehere.他比这儿的任何人都有钱。(2)用“比较级+than+any+名词单数""来表示。如:I"mtallerthananystudentofyourclass.我比你们班的任何学生都高。2.当A=B时,用“as+原级+as+比较对象來表示。如:Sheisastallasme.她与我一样高。Hegetsupasearlyashisparents.他起床与他父母起得-一样早。■规则变化如下:1)单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加-er和-est构成。great(原级)(比较级)(最高级)2)以-e结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加-r和・st构成。wide(原级)(比较级)(最高级)3)少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结尾的双音节形容诃的比较级和最高级是在诃尾加-er和・est构成。clever(原级)(比较级)(最高级)4)以-y结尾,但・y前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把・y去掉,加一上-ier和・est构成.happy(原形)(比较级)(最高级)5)以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加-er和-est。big(原级)(比较级)(最高级)6)双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more和most加在形容词前面来构成。beautiful(原级)?(比较级)(比较级)difficult(原级)(最高级)(最高级)常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:原级——比较级——最高级goodbetterbestmanymoremostmuchmoremostbadworseworstfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furthest(2)英语代词情态动词总结及练习题情态动词专题:(-)情态动词的定义情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。(二)情态动词的特点1)有一定词义;2)不受主语人称和数的变化影 响;3)与主要动词的原形(或称不带to的不定式)一起构成谓语(除oughtto作固定词组看待)。(三)情态动词的分类和意义意义情态动词 (四)情态动词的基本用法1.can(could)1)表示能力,could主要指过去时间。Twoeyescanseemorethanone.两只眼比一只眼看得清。Couldthegirlreadshewenttoschool?这女孩上学前能识字吗?2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。Thetemperaturecanfallto-60°C,thatis60°Cbelowfreezing.气温可降至一60°C,也就是零卜60°C。Hecan"t(couldn"t)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。Youmustn"tsmokewhileyou"rewalkingaroundinthewood.Youcouldstartafire.在林子里走吋勿吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。3)表示允许。CanIhavealookatyournewpen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗?Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereading-room.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Wherecan(could)theyhavegoneto?他们会去哪儿了呢?Hecan"t(couldn"t)beoversixty.他不可能超过六十岁。Howcanyoubesocareless?你怎么这么粗心?5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can(Could)youlendmeahand?帮我一把好吗?I"mafraidwecouldn"tgiveyouananswertoday.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。2.may(might)1)表允许,might对以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.你喜欢什么就拿什么。HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May(Might)Iaskforphotoyourbaby?我口J以婆一张你宝宝的照片吗?在冋答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes,please./Certainly./Pleasedon"t./You"dbetternot./No,youmustn"t.等,以免显得太严峻或不客气。2)表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。Hemaybeathome.他可能在家。Shemaynotknowaboutit.她Rl能不知道这件事。Hewasafraidtheymightnotagreewithhim.他扌口心他们刊能不同意他的意见。Theymightbehavingameeting,butFmnotsure.他们有可能在开会,不过我不肯定。3.Must1)表示义务。意为“必须(主观意志)。Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们一■切都必须循序渐进地做。Youmustn"ttalktoherlikethat.你不可能那样対她说话。-Mustwehandinourexercise一booksnow?我们现在就要交练习本吗?—No,youneedn"t./No,youdon^haveto.不必。(这种情况卜,一般不用mustn"t)2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。She"swearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.她戴着钻石项链,一定很有钱。4.Shall 1)表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。ShallIgetsometea?我给你点茶好吗?Shalltheboywaitoutside?让那男孩在外面等吗?Whatshallwcdothisevening?我们今晩做什么?2)表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心"等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。YoushalldoasIsay.按我说的做。(命令)Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.你明大"J以得到我的答复。 (允诺)Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.冇一天他会后悔的,我告诉你。(警告)Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。(决心)1.Will1)表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。Iwilldoanythingforyou.我愿为你做任何事。Noneissoblindasthosewhowon"tsee.不愿看的人眼最瞎。Ifyouwillreadthe这本书,我会把它借给你。2)表请求,用于疑问句。Willyouclosethewindow?It"sabitcold.请你把窗八关上好吗?有点冷。Won"tyoudrinksomemorecoffee?再來一点咖啡好吗?3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fishwilldieoutofwater.鱼离开水就不能活。Thedoorwon"topen.这门打不开。Theboywillsittherehourafterhourlookingatthetrafficgoby.那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点,看着车辆行人通过。2.Should1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.你对老帅应该冇礼貌。Youshouldn"twasteanytime.你不应该浪费时间。2)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计"等。Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirst-classactors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。Theyshouldbehomebynow.照说他们现在应当已经到家了。3.Would1)表意IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2)表姿婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?再来杯啤洒好吗?Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?请把窗八擦一下好吗?Theywouldn"thaveanythingagainstit.他们不会有什么反对意见。3)表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Everytimeshewasintrouble,shewouldgotohimforhelp.她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。4.oughtto1)表义务,意为"应该"(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍垂。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.你是他父亲,应当管他。Yououghtn"ttosmokesomuch.你不应该抽这么多烟。2)表推测,暗含很人的可能,语气较弱。HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.韩梅该知道他的电话号码。There"safinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.今天有晚後,明天应该是个好天。5.usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不复发牛•或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。Heusedtoliveinthecountryside,butnowhelivesinthecity.他过去住在乡卜,现在住在城里。Thereusedtobeabuildingatthestreetcorner,bn.街道拐角处过去有座楼房,现在拆了。Iusedift(didn"tuse)tosmoke.我过去不抽烟。Usedyou(Didyouuse)togotoschoolonfoot?你过去常步行去学校吗?(一)need和dare的用法need和daw既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。 1•用作情态动词-NeedIcome?-Yes,youmust.-我需要來吗?-需要。Youneedn"ttelephonehimnow.你现在不必打电话给他。Idon"tthinkyouneedworry.我想你不必发愁。Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.她晩上不敢一个人出去。 HowdareyousayFmunfair?你竟敢说我不公平?Notoneofthemdaredmentionthis.他们谁也不敢提这件事。2.用作实义动词Youdon"tneedtodoityourself.你不必亲自做这件事。Weneedtotellthemthenews.我们需要把这消息告诉他们。Thetableneedspainting(tobepainted.).桌了需要汕漆一T。Weshoulddaretogiveourownopinion.我们要敢于提出H己的观点。Hedidnotdare(to)lookup.他不敢抬头看。Idaredayhe"llcomeagain.我想他会再來的。(1daresay...为固定习语)(二)情态动词后跟完完成这项工作的。Heisn"there.Hemusthavemissedthetrain.他还未到,一定是没赶上火车。Wherecan(could)hegone?他能到那里去『呢?Youmay(might)havereadaboutit.你町能在报上已经读到这件事了。Youcould(might)havebeenmorecareful.你本來町以更细心的。Heneedn"thaveworriedit.他本不必为此事担心。Therewasalotoffunatyesterday^party.Yououghttohavecome,butwhydicingyou?昨天的聚会非常有意思。你木应该来,为何不来呢?2.情态动词后跟进行式,表示“想必正在……",“可能正在......",“应当正在"等意。It"shvelveo"clock.Theymusthavinglunch.现在是十二点。他们一定正在吃饭。1•_MayIstopmycarhere?No,you_・A.can"tB.mustn"tC.needn"tD・don"thaveto2.Mustwecleanthehousenow?No,you・A.needn"tB.maynotC・mustn"tD.can"t3.John.hisfatherabouthisfailureintheexam・A.daresnottellB.daresnottellingC・darenottellD.daresnottotell4.Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepitnextweekifyoulike・A.can"tB・mustn"tC・needn"tD.maynot5.Johnny,you_playwiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.won"t...canftB.mustnt・.mayC.shouldn"t,mustD.cant..shouldn"t6.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.A.hadtoB.wouldC・couldD.wasableto7・Wouldyougooutforawalkwithme?No,LMygirlfriendiscoming・A.wouldn"tB.shallnotC・won"tD.shouldn"t8.Mandiewithoutwater.A.willB.canC.needD.shall9.Ifhestartedat9O"clock,hebetherebynow・A.needB.shallC.oughttoD.must 10.1mailedthelettertwoweeksago.Sheit.A.mustreceiveB.can"treceiveC・mightreceiveD.musthavereceived 1l.Theprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore5:30p.m・A.befinishedB.willfinishC・mustbefinishedD.wouldbefinished12.Therewasplentyoftime.You.A.mustn"thurryB.mustn"thavehurriedC・needn"thurryD.needn"thavehurried13・Tomwasadiligentboy.Hegotoschoolthoughitwasraininghard.A.wasabletoB.couldC.couldn"tD・wasn"tableto14.Igobackbeforelunch?No,Idon"tthinkyou・A.Need...mustB.Do...needtoC・Must...havetoD.May•…oughtto15.Theteacher_doalltheexercises,butapupil.A.neednrt....mustB.maynot...mustC.needn"t-・・nccdn"tD・can!t....must16.Wouldyouopenthewindowplease?Yes,I・A.willB・wouldC.doD・can17.Alion.onlyattacksahumanbeingwhenitishungry・A.ShouldB.CanC・willD.shall18.MustIfinishthisnovelthismorning?No,you•A.mustn"tB・mightnotC・don"thavetoD.cant19.Thetaxionlyholdsixpassengers・11isfull.YouJakethenextone.A.may...mayB.can...mayC・may...canD・must...can20.1.alittleearlier,butImetafriendofmineontheway.A.maycomeB.mayhavecomeC.couldhavecomeD.musthavecome21.1wishtogohomenow,I?A.mayB・canrtC・mustD.do22.Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,he?A・mustn"tB・didn"tC・needn"tD・hasn"t23.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn"t.WhoseJtbe?A.mustB.canC.mayD.might24.Hedidn"tdowellintheexam・Hehardathislessons.A.musthaveworkedB.oughttohaveworkedC・wouldhaveworkedD.hasworked初中英语基本语法结构 运用的基木结构可以分为五个类型。 Hehasbecomeanengineer1、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)列如:Sheisastudent(身份)IttastessweetTheyareintheclassroom动词是系动词,其后的表语表示主语的身份,特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少,最常用的是be的各种变化形式,系动词,女nbecome,turn,look,seem,appear,sound,taste,smell,remain,prove,keep,fall,等2、主语+动词(S+V)列如:waterflowsHeisreadingShehasarrivedTheywillcomeMarycried例如:TheyhavereachedNEWYORKTheyhavearrivedatNEWYORK3、主语+动词+宾语(S+V+O)例如:TomspeaksEnglishHeboughtajacketTheyhavefinishedthejobRoseisreadingabook及物动词,其示必须跟一个宾语3、主语+动词+宾语+宾语(S+V+O+O)例如:MrBrownteachesthemEnglishMothertoldmeastoryGiveusaringwhenyouarriveatthecollegeThestudentsaregivingtheclassroomathoroughcleanup直接宾语是动作承受者或结果,间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的4、主语+动词+宾语+补语(S+V+O+C)例如:WeelectedhimchairmanWeshouldkeeptheclassroomcleanIwanthertocomeShehadanewdressmade、Shehearedhimsinging宾语和补语在逻辑上是主与表或者主与谓的关系。也就是说补语表示宾语的特征,身份,状态,或是宾语的行为动作。如果这一结构的句子变为被动句,那么原来的宾语变成了主语,后而的补语便是主语的补语:Wefoundhim(readinginthelibraiy)(括号内表示宾语的补语)所冇者成分都是必不可少的,缺少任何一个成分都会破坏旬了结构的完整性。句了结构中的革木成分包括主语、动词、表语、宾语、和补语、英语句子中述有起修饰作用的定语和状语,以及起解释说明作用的同位语。下而括号部分即为定语、状语和同位语。例如:SheisagoodstudentTheywillcomesoon MrBrown,Tom"sfather,isanengineer因此,英语的句子成分主语有主语,动词,表语,宾语,补语,定语,状语和同位语。问题:名词作表语和名词作单宾Z间的区别?名词作宾语补足语和名词作直接宾语的差别? 分析卜•列各句属于哪种阜本结构,并划出各个句子成分。1、IsawJaneinthereadingroom2、Productiongrowsrapidly3、Theytreatedmeastheirownson4^Hisclassmatesmadehimtheirmonitor5、VictorpassedRoberttheball6、Youdidnotneedtoarrivesoearly7^Thechildrenranmerrilyafterhim8>Itisgettingdark9^Martin,mygoodfriend,hasgivenmealotofhelp10^Circumstancesdonotpermitmetoleave11、Thepopulationofcityroseby20percent12^Shehadanewdressmade13、Herfaceturnedredathiswords14、Theoldprofessorlecturestwiceaweek15、Tombecomeagoodstudentatlast16^Iwantthatblueskirt,theoneontheleft17、Theywillhaveameetinginroom20518、Herparentsboughtheranewradio19^Shetoldusalotofinterestingstories20、Thefoodsmellsnice现在进行时1.现在进行时的定义现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作,有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。如:TheteacherisgivingusanEnglishlesson.老师正在给我们上英语课。Thefarmersaregettingintheircrops.农民们正在收割庄稼。Wearemakingpreparationsfortheconference.我们一肓在为会议作准备。2.现在进行时的结构现在进行时由uam/is/are+现在分词”构成。如:I"mstudyingatYuCaiSeniorMiddleschool.我在育才中学读书。Heiswritingonthedesk.他再课桌上写字。TheyaretalkingabouttheirvisitingtheGreatWall.他们在谈论游长城的事情。【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法: (1)•般在动诃后力口・ing。如:say一saying,play一playing,think一thinking,study一studying,teach一teaching, blow——blowing,build——building・⑵动词若以-e结尾,则去e再加-ingo女U:love一loving,make一making,guide一guiding,date—ating.(2)在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加・ing。如:begin一beginning,regret一regretting,plan—planning,ban—banning.(3)在以ie结尾的动词后,改ie为y,再加・ing。如:lie—lying,die一dying,tie一tying.(4)在以-c[k]结尾的动词后加-kingo女口:picnic一picnicking,panic—panicking.1.现在进行时的应用(1)表示目而正在发生或进行的动作。如:Theyareplantingtreesonthemountain.他们在llI上植树。Motherispreparingsupperinthekitchen.母亲在厨房做晚饭。(2)有些非持续性动词的进行时可以表示动作即将进行或发主,或表示动作的重复。如:Heisjoiningthearmy.他耍参军了。Theyarebuyingthehouse.他们要买那座房了。⑶当现在进行时屮有always,forever,constantly,continually修饰时,表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如:Whyisthebabyalwayscrying?为什么那个老是在哭。Theyarcalwayshelpingus.他们总是帮助我们。注意:表示状态、感觉、心理活动的静态动词,一般不使用语进行时态。一、选择题练习1.Whoovertherenow?A.singingB.aresingC・issingingD.sing2.It"seighto"clock.ThestudentsanEnglishclass・A.haveB.havingC・ishavingD.arehaving3.Listen!Thebabyinthenextroom.A.cryingB.criedC・iscryingD.cries4.Look!Thetwinsnewsweaters・A.arewearingB.wearingC・arewearD.iswearing5.Don"talkhere・Grandparents.A.issleepingB・aresleepingC・sleepingD.sleep6.Tomisaworker.Heinafactory.Hissistersinahospital.A.work/workB.works/workC.work/works7.WhoEnglishbestinyourclass?A.speakB・speaksC・speaking8.MrsReadthewindowseveryday.A.iscleaningB・cleanC・cleans9.Wemusicandoftentomusic.A.like/listenB.likes/listensC・like/arelistening10.Sheupatsixinthemorning・A.getB.getsC・Getting11・OnSundayshesometimeshisclothesandsometimessomeshopping.A.wash/doB.iswashing/isdoingC.washes/does12.Thetwinsusuallymilkandbreadforbreakfast,butJimsomecoffeeforit・A.have/haveB.have/hasC.has/have二、填空:1•Myfatheralways_come(come)backfromworkverylate.2.Theteacherisbusy.He_sleeps(sleep)sixhoursaday.3.Listen!Joan_issinging_(sing)intheclassroom.Sheoften_sings_(sing)there.4.Does_yourbrotherknow(know)Japanese?5.Where—doyouhave(have)luncheveryday?6.Thegirllikes(like)wearingaskirt.Look!Sheiswearing(wear)aredskirttoday. 宾语从句 一•宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.・ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。冇些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)Z后也口J以带宾语从句。二•宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that(that常可省略),whether,if。代词:who,whose,what,which。副词:when,where,how,why等。(一)that引导的翼语从旬(在非正式场合that可攻省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。仮!1句:Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.注意事项:当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。例句:Idon"tthinkitisrightfbrhimtotreatyoulikethat.在以下情况中that不能省略1当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句吋,第一个that可省,但后而的that不可省。仮!1句:Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从旬之间有插入语时,that-般不可省。例句:JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3当that从句是双宾语小的直接宾语时,that不可省。例句:Ican"ttellhimthathismotherdied.注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句了,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句了后部,而用it作形式宾语。仮!)句:Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.(二)由whether,if引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而來的。意思是“是否宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if口J以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句:1wonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句1在带to的不定式前例句:Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.1在介词的丿匸面例句:I"mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.2在动词后面的宾语从句例句:Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek3直接与ornot连用时例句:Ican"tsaywhetherornotthetcancomeontime.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1if引导条件状语从句,意为"如果"例句:Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.2if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句:HeaskedifIdidn"tcometoschoolyesterday.3引导状语从句evenif(R|J使)和asif(好象)时例句:Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是[||特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在彳ij屮担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 例句:Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在彳U屮担任状语的成分。例句:Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.三•宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词制词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下:IIdon^tknowwhattheyarclookingfor.2Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?3Canyouimaginewhatkindofmanheis?四•宾语从句的时态1主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使川任何时态。例句:Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.2主句是过去吋态,从句须用过去吋态的某种形式。例句:Shewassorrythatshehadn"tfinishedherworkontime.3当宾语从句表示的是匚个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。例句:Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.五•宾语从句的特点1宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。4whcthcr和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟ornot;whether从句可作介词的宾语。5如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.宾语从句专项训练1・Idon"tknowhewillcometomorrow.hecomes,I"lltellyou.A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if:ThatD.if;If2・Idon"tknowthedayaftertomorrow.A・whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhellcome2.Couldyoutellmethenearesthospitalis?A・whatB・howC・whetherD・where4・Couldyoutellmetheradiowithoutanyhelp?A・howdidhemendB・whatdidhemendC・howhemendedD.whathemended5・Iwanttoknow.A・whomisshelookingafterB・whomsheislookingC・whomisshelookingD・whomsheislookingafter6・Doyouknowwherenow?A・helivesB・doesheliveC.helivedD・didhelive2.Doyouknowwhattime?A.thetrainleaveB・doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8・Idon"tknow.Canyoutellme,please?A・howthetwoplayersareoldB・howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD・howoldthetwoplayersare9・Thesmallchildrendonftknow.A・whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings8.Ican"tunderstand.A・whatdoesChristmasmeanB・whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD・whatChristmasmeans II.按要求转换句型。1.DoesMr-BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?(改写句了)—CouldyoutellusMr.BrownlivinginChina?2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?"heaskedme.(变为复合句)—Heaskedmethegirlsomehelp-3・Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.(合并为一个付了)JimTomisastudent.2.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从旬的复合句)Iwanttoknowthetrain■5•Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework・(用not..•until改写)Theygohometheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从彳U的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknowPeterhereyesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案:I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBDII.1・if/whetherenjoys2.if/whether;needed3.Neither;nor4.when;leaves5.didn"t;until6.whether;came