英语语法练习与讲解 4页

同义句变换•利用从句改写即运用关系代词、关系副词或从属连词改写。如：1.Themanistalkingwithalady.Hegaveusatalklastweek.Themangaveusatalklastweekwithalady.【答案】who/that;istalkingo定语从句who/thatgaveusatalklastweek修饰先行词theman。2.Hedidrftwanttomissthefirstbus,sohegotupearly.Hegotupearlyhecouldcatchthefirstbus.【答案】sothato目的状语从句sothathecouldcatchthefirstbus说明动词gotupearly的目的。3・"Didyousleepwelllastnight?”Davidaskedher.Davidaskedherwelllastnight.【答案】if/whethersheslept□直接引语转换成间接引语时，如果直接引语是一般疑问句时，连接词要用if或whether,句了保持陈述句的语序。4.Comeon,orweTlmisstheearlybus.wehurry,weTlmisstheearlybus.【答案】If;don"t。if引导条件状语从句。句意为:如果我们还不快一点，我们就赶不上头班车了。祈使句与条件状语从句的相互转换。5.Johnwillgotobedafterhefinishedhishomework.Johntobedhefinishedhishomework.【答案】didn"t;until。not...until表示"直到才”的意思。同义句变换•利用sodoI改写“so+动词+主语”结构，表示肯定，译为＜某人（物）也如此,?o-neither/nor+动词+主语"结构表示否定，译为“某人（物）也不……这两种结构指前一句所说的情况同样也适合另一个人或物。转换时应注意四点：1.动词指助动词、be动词或情态动词；2.动词在时态上与前句呼应；3.动词在数上要与本句主语保持一致；4•表示否定时，neither/nor本身具有否定意义，动词要用肯定形式。1.Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating,too.Jimwantstogoboating,andhisparents.【答案】sodoc主语是复数hisparents,时态是一般现在时，助动词用do。 2.1likeplayingtennis.Helikesplayingtennis,too.Ilikeplayingtennis,he.【答案】sodoes。主语是第三人称单数，时态是一般现在时，助动词用does。同义句转换精析同义句转换题是近儿年来屮考英语试题的常见题型之一。该题型能够全面考查学生灵活运用英语的能力，要求学生反应敏捷，联想丰富，能用不同的句子或短语来表达同一意义。本文就同义句转换题的特点及转换形式进行分析，希望从中帮助同学们找出规律，提高其应试能力。同义句转换的实质就是替代、合并和改写句子。具体分析如下：-：替代1用一个新的词、短语替代原句中有关部分。如1：①IreceivedaletterfromLucy.=IheardfromLucy•(receivealetterfrom—hearfrom)②Ioftenwalktoschooleveryday•=Ioften20toschoolonfoot.(walkfgoonfoot)③ShedecidedtostoplearningEnglish.=ShedecidedtogiveupEnglish.(stopdoingsth.—giveupdoingsth.)2、用反义词来替代。女口：④Weareindifferentrows.=Wearen，tinthesamerow.(different—same)(cheap⑤Mvbikeischeaperthanvours•=Yourbikeismoreexpensivethanmine.expensive)用反义词或反义短语來替换时，一般会有一个否定意义的词，如not,less,no,never,hardly等。二：合并句子合并句子i般是通过并列连词将两个简单句合并为一句。常见的并列连词有：notonly...butalso,both...and,neither...nor,either...or等。例如：⑥Marydidnlgotothepark.1didnl,either•=NeitherMarynorIwenttothepark.⑦WeiHuamaygotothecinema,orAnnmaybecausethereisonlyoneticket・=EitherWeiHuaorAnnmaygotothecinemabecausethereisonlyoneticket.⑧Johnhasgotapenfriend•Mikehasgotapenfriend,too.=NotonlyJohnbutalsoMikehasgotapenfriend・=BothJohnandMikehavegotpenfriends・H：改寿环厂——通过能够表达同一意义的不同句型、句式、语态的转换，来达到改写句子的目的。具体可分为：复合句改为简单句。含宾语从句的复合句变简单句时，可用不定式改写，将宾语从句中的谓语动词变为不定式。如I：⑨Weallagreethatweshouldleaveatonce•=Weallagreetoleaveatonce.⑩Couldyoutellmewhenwewillstart?=Couldyoutellmewhentostart?含宾语从句的复合句变简单句时，还"J用复合宾语，即宾语加宾语补助语來改写。女口：Isawhewentintotheroomjustnow•=Isawhimgointotheroomjustnow.Edison5smotherfoundthathewasacleverboy•=Edison"smotherfoundhimclever・WeheardthatshewassinginginEnglish.=WeheardhersinzinRinEnglish.2、含状语从句的复合句变简单句时，常丽卞方法：以so...that引导的结果状语从句常转换为too...to或enoughto结构。如：HeissoyoungthathecarTtgotoschool.=Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn"toldenoughtogotoschool.另外还"J通过结构和语态的转换來改写。如1：IcanTfinishtheworkifyoudon"thelpme.=Icarflfinishtheworkwithoutyourhelp•=1can"tfinishtheworkunlessyouhelpme・Weusecomputersinmanyways.=Computersareusedinmanyways.3、句型间的转换，要求对能够表达同一意义的常用句型结构了解甚透。如：Ittookmetwohourstofinishmyhomework.=Ispenttwohoursinfinishingmyhomework.Ifyoudon"thurry,youwillbelate.=Hurryup,oryou"llbelate.4n还可利用词性转换来改写。女口：Therewasaheavysnowherelastnight•=Itsnowedheavilyherelastnight.UncleWanginventedthemachine.=UncleWangwastheinventorofthemachine・四：热身练习:1・(A)It"sgoodforyourhealthtodoexerciseoften•(B)exerciseoftencanmakeyou.2.(A)Thispicturelooksthesameasthatone.(B)thetwopictures.3・(A)Tomistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.(B)Tomisinhisclass.1.(A)FllgotobedafterIfinishmyhomework. (B)IgotobedIfinishmyhomework.1.(A)Crossthebridge,youwillfindthebuilding.(B)thebridge,you^llfindthebuilding.2.(A)MyfatherwenttoBeijinglastyear.Heisstilltherenow.(B)MyfatherBeijinglastyear.3.(A)It"salongtimesincewewetlast•(B)Weeachotherforalongtimesincewewetlast•&(A)Hewrotethebookin2000.(B)Thebookbyin2000.9.(A)LucywasbornonMarch5,1989,sowasLily・(B)LucyisLily.10.(A)Wecanhardlydecidewhatweshalldonext.(B)forustodecidewhatnext.11.(A)Hedoesn"tlikesinging•Hedoesn"tlikedancing,either.(B)Helikessingingdancing.12.(A)Thelightintheroomwassoweakthatthedoctorwasrftabletooperate•(B)Thedoctordothesuchbadlightinsidetheroom.13.(A)Itwasveryhotlastnight.Icouldhardlysleep.(B)ItwashotlastnightIcouldhardlysleep.14.(A)BillGatesknowsmuchaboutcomputers.(B)BillGatesalotofofcomputers•15.(A)Onedaythelibrarianhadanidea•(B)Onedaythelibrariananidea・16.(A)WearesohappythatwecarTtsayaword.(B)Wearehappysay・17.(A)Haveyoueverbeenabroad?(B)Haveyoueverbeentoany?18-(A)Theoldmandiedtwoyearsago.(B)Theoldmantwoyears.19.(A)BothMaryandAnnpassedtheexam.(B)MarynorAnntheexam.20.(A)ChineseislesspopularthanEnglish・(B)ChineseisrflpopularEnglish.21.(A)Theyspenttwohoursontheexperiment.(B)Ittwohourstheexperiment•22.(A)That，snotaninterestingfilm,Ithink•(B)1thinkthataninterestingfilm・23.(A)M匚SmithwasonceanEnglishteacher.(B)Mr.SmithbeanEnglishteacher.24.(A)Howistheweathertoday?(B)theweathertoday?25.(A)Hespent500yuanonthebicycle•(B)Thebicycle500yuan.26.(A)Eachofthemhasanapple.(B)Theyanapple・27.(A)Weuseknivestocutthings.(B)Knivesthings.28-(A)LiLeijumpedfarthestinourclass.(B)InourclassjumpedsofarLiLei•29.(A)Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.(B)Hehaslivedhere.30.(A)Whenhewasthree,hecouldreadandwrite.(B)theofthree,hecouldreadandwrite.31.(A)Thiscoatistoobigforme.Thatcoatistoosmallforme•(B)Thecoatsaretoobigtoosmallforme•32.(A)Ifyoudorftthinkhard,youwon工findtheanswer.(B)、youwon"tfindtheanswer・33.(A)Lucy"sparentsareveryproudoftheirdaughter.(B)Lucyisherparents.34.(A)ThefilmisthemostinterestingonethatIhaveeverseen・(B)Ihaveseenaninterestingfilmbefore. 29.(A)Bikeisshortforbicycle.(B)Bikeisanotherwaybicycle.30.(A)WhenIgotthere,Ifoundhewaslyingontheground•(B)When1gotthere,Ifoundontheground•31.(A)Wehavehadnoholidayforaboutonemonth.(B)Wehaven51hadaforaboutonemonth.32.(A)It"shardtostopsmokinginashorttime.(B)It"shardtosmokinginashorttime.39・(A)MybrotherjoinedthePLAayearago.(B)Mybrotheraforayear•40.(A)Thefactoryhasbeenopenforhalfayear.(B)halfayearthefactory・41.(A)Shewalksslowestofthefour.(B)Shewalksthanthe.42.(A)Putthetreeintheholesothatitisstraight.(B)Putthetreeintheholeitstraight.43.(A)Itwasverylate.Jimwasstilldoinghislessons.(B)itwasverylate，Jimstillwenthislessons.44.(A)Mostofhisquestionswerenotabouthislessons.(B)Mostofhisquestionshadtowithhislessons.45.(A)TheywillgotoHongKongbyairnextweek.(B)TheywillHongKongnextweek.46.(A)Mypenfriendsoftenwriteletterstome.(B)Ioftenmypenfriends.47.(A)EveryoneishereexceptWeiHua.(B)WeiHuahere・48.(A)Idon"twanttoeatanything•(B)Idon"teatinganything.49.(A)Jimisn"tgoodatChinese•(B)JimChinese.5O.(A)HowmanypeoplearethereinGermany?(B)theofGermany?Key:1.Doinghealthy2.There^snodifferencebetween3.thetallest4.wonTuntil5・Goacross6.hasgonetosince7.haven"tseen8.waswrittenhim9.asoldas10.It"shardtodo11.neithernor12.couldn"toperationin13.sothat14.hasknowledge15.cameupwith16・tootoanything17.foreigncountries18.hasbeendeadfor19.Neitherfailed20・soas2Ltookthemtodo22.doiftis23・usedto24.What"slike25.costhim26.haveeach27・areusedforcutting28.Nobodyas29.allhislife30.Atage31.eitheror32.Thinkhardor33.theprideof34.neversuch35.ofsaying36.himlying37.monlhoff38.giveup39.hasbeensoldier40.Ifssinceopened41.slowerotherthree42.tokeep43.Thoughondoing/with44.nothingdo45.flyto46.hearfrom47Onlyisn"t48.feellike49.doesn"tdowellin50.What"spopulation