英语语法框架详细总结 7页

英语语法框架概一.词法>数量：10大类>分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用词类定义例词名词Noun表示事物名称的词Market,people,water;information代词Pronoun代替名词或名词所有格的词1,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing实词动词Verb表示动作或状态的词Are,do,go,eatNotional形容词Adjective表示人或事物性质特征的词Young,fast,excellentword副词Adverb表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词Very,well,always数词Numeral表示数目或顺序的词On巳first,thousand冠词Article名词前，说明名词含义A,an,the虚词介词Proposition名词或代词之间，表关系Of,to,after,Empty连词Conjunction连接，“关节”之意And,but,ifword感叹词Injection情感态度的词Oh,ah,well二.句法>分类方法：按成分、按类别1.句子成分成分充当词例句 名词NounThesungivesus1ightandheat・人称代词PersonalpronounWelovelife.主语subject物主代词PossessivepronounYourideaisgood,butmineisbetter.“谁”“什么”指示代词DemonstrativepronounThisismyfavoriteteacher.动作或状态的发出者疑问代词TnterrogativepronounWhatisthemostimportantthinginyour1ife?不定代词TndefinitepronounNobodycanstopmestudying.基数词CardinalnumeralTwoofyouaremybeststudents.序数词OrdinalnumeralThesecondismysister・形容词AdjectiveTheoldshouldbetakencareofinourcountry.不定式InfinitiveTotalkiseasierthantodo.动名词GerundHelpingotherscanbringushappiness.从句clauseWhatyoudidisbetterthanwhatyousaid.谓语predicate实意动词NotionalverbWeplantoreviewourlessonsinthreemonths・主语的动作或状态联系动词LinkingverbWeareChinese.名词NounNowadaysmanyforeignersarelearningChinese・宾语object人称代词PersonalpronounHefoolsusall.及物动词或及物动词短反身代词ReflexivepronounBelieveinyourself.语的对象或内容指示代词DemonstrativepronounTthankyouwi111ikethis.疑问代词TnterrogativepronounWhoareyouwaitingfor?不定代词InfinitivepronounTheygoteverythingtheywant.物主代词PossessivepronounHeisanoldfriendsofhers・ 相互代词ReciprocalpronounWeshouldlearntorespecteachother.形容词AdjectiveThatnewswillmakemotherhappy.副词AdverbLetmeshowyouout.宾语补足语名词NounWechoseTomourmonitor.objectcomplement介词短语PrepositionalphraseJerryfoundhiminastrangeworld.宾语之后，补充说明不定式TnfinitiveDonotforcemetodoanythingTdon，t1ike.现在分词PresentparticipleDon"tkeepmewaitingtoolong.过去分词PastparticipleTheyranawayandlefttheworkunfinished・形容词AdjectiveThemountainsaregreen.副词AdverbTimeisup.指示代词DemonstrativepronounWhatIwantisthis.疑问代词InterrogativepronounIwanderwhoyouare.表语predictive不定代词TndefinitepronounTtisnothingserious-说明主语，“补足语”基数词CardinalnumeralTwoplustwoisfour.序数词OrdinalnumeralMymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetup.介词短语PrepositionalphraseThewatchisjustunderthetable.不定式InfinitiveMyjobistocleantheroad・动名词GerundHisbobbyiscolledingstamps.现在分词PresentparticipleTheresultisdisappointing.过去分词PastparticipleWearedisappointedtotheresult.从句clauseThatiswhatIQmeans.名词NounHeworksinacarfactory.形容词AdjectiveNowtheworldisJustlikeasmal1village-副词AdverbThenativethereareveryfriendly. 物主代词PossessivepronounTheirinventionwontheworldprize・指示代词DemonstrativepronounThesewildplantsarewellprotected・疑问代词InterrogativepronounWhichriveristheIongestintheworld?zbWattridute修饰名词或代词不定代词IndefinitepronounBothhisparentsaredoctors.基数词CardinalnumeralTheorganizationcontainseightcountries.序数词OrdinalnumeralHewasthefifthplayertoreceivethehonor.介词短语PrepositionalphraseManysecretsinspaceremainunknown.不定式TnfinitiveSoThavenothingtosayformyself.动名词GerundTboughtawalkingstickformygrandfather・现在分词PresentparticipleTomgotinjuredbyafallingtree.过去分词PastparticipleTheyreachedanoldhousebuilt200yearsago.从句clauseThosewhodrinkwaterwillnotforgetthepeoplewhodigthewell.名词NounLiMingisoneyearoldthanT.形容词AdjectiveThetravelerscameback,safeandsound・状语adverbial副词AdverbThesonoftenwritetohisparents.位置随意，修饰任意不定式InfinitiveMotherwenttobuysomethinginthemarket.动词、副词、形容词现在分词PresentparticipleHestoodup,lookingatthebosscoldly.从句、全句过去分词PastparticipleLedbythenatives,wefoundtheoldcastle・介词短语PrepositionalphraseFromthespacetheastronautsawablueglobe.从句ClauseWherethereissmoke,thereisfire・独立主格nominativeabsolutestructureWeatherpermitting,wewillgofora名词NounMissWu,ourEnglishteacher,iskindtous.冋1"/」口appos111ve前名词、代词的具体内容代词PronounTheyeachhaveaPC・ 数词NumeralIhavepreparedanicedinnerforyoutwo.从句clauseWe,vegotthenewsthatourteamwonthematch・2.句子类别＞分类：按使用目的、按结构（1）按使用目的：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句类别例句陈述句Declarativesentence肯定句AssertivesentenceHisnamewasPangu.Shebegansearchingforthatsomething.否定句NegativesentenceIcannotagreewithyou.Ttdoesn，tmatter<疑问句Questionsentence一般疑问句GeneralquestionDidItalywintheWorldCap?Isthatfilminteresting?特殊疑问句SpecialquestionWhatisyourname?Wherecanyoufindtheanswer>选择疑问句AlternativequestionAreyouateacherorastudent?Doyoulikecoffeeortea?反义疑问句DisjunctivequestionItisfineday,isn,tit?Nooneacceptedyouroffer,didthey? 祈使句imperativesentenceDonottakeeverythingforgranted!Followme,please.感叹句exclamatorysentenceWhatagoodteacherheis!Howgoodateacherheis!(2)按结构：简单句、并列句、复合句类别例句简单句simplesentence5种基本类型S+VTThesunrisesintheeast.S+VT+OManyfamilieskeeppets.s+v+cChinaisstilladevelopingcountry.S+VT+O1+02Hesentmeane-mailyesterday.S+VT+O+CMygirlalwaysmakesmehappy.并列句CoordinatesentenceHelikestowatchTVbutIliketoreadbooks.Youcandoyourhomeworkfirstandthenyoucanplaywithyourfriends.名词性从句Nounclause主语从句subject宾语从句object表语从句predicative同位语从句appositiveWhatyousaidistrue.Youknewthatbeautyshouldbenatura1・ThatiswhenIstudied・Hemadeapromisethathewouldcomeback. 复合句Complexsentence状语从句Adverbialclause时间状语time条件状语condition原因状语cause目的状语purpose结果状语result地点状语place让步状语concession方式状语manner比较状语comparisonWehavefinishedtheworkbeforethecame.Ifitrains,wehavetostayathome.Shewasabsentbecauseshewasill.Helefthomeearlyinorderthathecouldwork・Tomwassotiredthathefellbehind・LucyfoundherMP3whereshelostit.ThoughIampoor,Iamhappy.DoitasIdo.YouarestrongerthanTam.定语从句attributiveclauseDoyouknowtheboywhoisplayingbasketball?ThisistheresultthatIwanted.Hopeisagoodthing,maybethebestofthings,andnogoodthingeverdies・