高中英语语法：主谓一致_讲解与练习(20190419175835) 11页

-高中语法：主谓一致Ⅰ.主谓一致原则含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。Ⅱ.语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.★apairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语；apairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：Thispairofshoesisnotmine.Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.2.―单数名词+and+单数名词‖作主语，谓语动词用复数：YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.【注意】★如果and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单----1--- -数：a/the+单数名词（人）+and+单数名词（人）+单数谓语a/the+单数名词（人）+and+a/the+单数名词（人）+复数谓语Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有：knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条thestarsandstripes星条旗FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.3.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.4.each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单----2--- -数形式：Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.5.由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.6.在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.试比较：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.7.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theclasswereallcheerful.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.【注意】people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数:Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.----3--- -【练一练】1.Betweenthetworoads_______aTVtowercalled―SkyscraperTower‖.A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand2.–HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,_______toFrance?--Really?NowonderIhaven’tseenhimthesedays.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.havegone3.There_______apairoftrousersonthebed.A.areB.isC.hasD.have4._______and_______aregoingabroadnextThursday?Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancerC.Asinger;adancerD.He;I5.A_______and_______hasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.goldwatch;chainB.knife;forkC.desk;butD.pen;pencil6.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_______intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.has7.Everystudentandeveryteacher_______.A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting8.TheNewYorkTimes_______allovertheUnitedStates.A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.arereading9.There_______tobesomethingwrongwithhissister,_______?A.seem;isn’itB.seems;doesn’thereC.seem;isn’thereD.seems;doesn’tit10.IthinkTom,_______you,_______toblame.A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.morethan;areD.lessthan;is11.Thespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducateaperson_______almostinfinite.A.beB.areC.isD.are----4--- -12.―Ifanybody_______,pleaseputdown_______name,‖saidtotheteachermonitor.A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;theirC.willbuythebook;one’sD.wantstohavethebookbought;her13.Myfamily_______largeandmyfamily_______reading.A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC.are;enjoyD.are;enjoys14.ThecustomsandcultureofAmerica_______verymuchlike_______ofEngland.A.is;thatB.are;thoseC.havebeen;theonesD.hasbeen;theone15.Onlyoneofthestudentswho_______present_______tospeakatthemeeting.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;areⅢ.逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。）1.what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.3.复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.----5--- -TheThameshasalargepopulation.4.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics，以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.Physicswashermajor.5.―定冠词the+形容词或分词‖，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.【练一练】16._______is_______.Whichiswrong?A.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsB.Oneandahalfdollars;notenough.C.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddailyC.800miles;longdistance17.Therich_______notalwayshappy.A.isB.areC.hasD.have18.Whatsheleftme_______afewoldbooks.A.isB.areC.hasD.have19.Tenminutes_______anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.A.isB.areC.seemsD.seem20.ThePhilippines_______ofmorethan7,000islands.A.consistsB.consistC.makeupD.makesupⅣ.就近原则：谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。1.当两个主语由or;either⋯or;neither⋯nor;whether⋯or⋯;notonly⋯butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：GeorgeorIamwrong.EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.----6--- -Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.2.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：(here引导的句子用法相同)Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.【练一练】21.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be22.Eithertheteachersorthepresident_______themeeting.A.attendsB.attendC.areattendingD.haveattended23.Themanagerorhissecretary_______togiveyouaninterview.A.isB.areC.wereD.have24.Neitherofyoursuggestions_______sense.A.makesB.makeC.ismadeD.aremade25.There_______20dollarsandtwocardsinmypurse.A.areB.isC.haveD.hasⅤ.表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式1.―manya/morethanone单+数名词‖作主语时，谓语用单数：Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.2.表示鸟兽鱼群的词,如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主语，谓语用单数：Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.3.alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一部分时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.4.agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等与不可数名词连用时，----7--- -谓语用单数：Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable.Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.5.agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用作主语时，谓语用复数：Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark.Anumberofstudentswereabsent.【注意】―thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语‖，表示―⋯的数目‖：Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.【练一练】26.About60percentofthestudents_______fromthesouth,therestofthem_______fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are;isB.are;areC.is;areD.is;is27.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_______fifty;butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;was,B.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were28.Manyachild_______towalkbeforehecanspeak.A.learnB.learnsC.learnedD.havelearned29.Morethanonegirl_______lateforclassthismorning.A.areB.isC.wasD.were30.ThepopulationofChina_______over1,200millionandeightypercentofthepopulation_______peasants.A.is;areB.are;isC.is;isD.are;areHomework:1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe2.Therich_____notalwayshappy..----8--- -A.isB.areC.hasD.have3.Thisspecialstrainofrice___________one-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefield.A.makespossibletoproduceB.makesitpossibletoproduceC.makepossibleproducingD.makeitpossibleproducing4.Avarietyofbooks_____________thechildrenofdifferentages.A.areinterestedinB.isinterestedinC.areintendingforD.isintendingfor5.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends________totheconcertlastnightA.hasbeeninvitedB.hadbeeninvitedC.wereinvitedD.wasinvited6.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:30inthemorning.A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are7.ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingstomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were8.ItisI_________myparentswho__________toblamefortheaccident.A.otherthan;areB.ratherthan;amC.morethan;areD.than;is9.Inourschool,manyaboy____playingfootballandmoregirlsthanone____playingit.A.likes;likesB.like;likeC.like;likesD.likes;like10.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents______toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.A.areB.isC.haveD.be11.Whatweusedtothink______impossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe12.Asyoucansee，thepriceofpork，eggsandgrainrising_____thesedays.A.arekeepingB.keepC.keepsD.werekeeping13.Threestudentsintenwillgoand_____tostayintheclassroom.A.therestareB.therestis----9--- -C.theotherareD.theotheris14.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third___________usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were15.E-mail,aswellastelephones,____animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingDplay16.Nofreshmanandnograduate_______tositinontheforum.A.areallowedB.isallowedC.areagreedD.isagreed17.Oneachsideofthestreet_______alotoftrees.A.standsB.standC.isstandingD.aregrown18.ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking19.AboutonethirdofthepopulationinBeijingandShanghai_________netizens,butinpoorerareas,onlythreeorfourpercent_________online.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are20.Thetheoryhe"sstuck_____________usthatearthquakecanbeforecast.A.toprovesB.toproveC.toprovingD.toproved----10--- -Keys:【练一练】1-5.ABBBD6-10.CCABA11-15.BAABC16-20.DBBCA21-25.BAAAB26-30.BCBCCHomework:1-5.ABBBD6-10.BABDB11-15.BCADA16-20.BBCBA----11---