高中英语语法填空常考点精讲精练 9页

-派生词部分语法填空中有些单词变形侧重于考查构词法，主要是派生构成法。派生法（derivation）是英语中重要的构词法，它借助在词干上加词缀的办法来构成新的单词。一个单词的基本部分称为词干（stem），加在词干前面的部分称为前缀（prefix），加在词干后面的部分成为后缀（suffix）。一般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。如：在repayment（偿还）一词中，pay付钱，是词干；re-有“返还”之意，是前缀，改变词义；-ment是后缀，改变词性为名词。英语中派生词很多。这里我们只能把常考的派生词按词缀进行归类练习，以提高我们掌握、识记单词的能力。把课本生词表中的生词记牢才是备考的上策。第1讲常见前缀----1.Thismaysound____(convenient),butEnglishpeopleareusedtodoingso.2.Meanwhile,theeditorwasgetting____(patience),forthemagazinewouldsoongotopress.3.Iftheystayinamuseumtoolong,afeelingofboredomwillbuildup,leadingeventuallyto____(patience)andfatigue.4.Mymottoalsomakesmebecomean____(depend)person.5.Faridabadisverypoorandmostpeopledon’havetairconditionersorevenelectricfans.Besides,electricityisoftencutoff____(expect).6.Something____(believe)happenedontheplane.7.Donotcarrytoomuchmoneyor____(necessity)creditcards.8.Although____(able)topublishatthattime,hecirculated(使传阅)threephotocopiedcollectionsofhiswork.9.Thestudentoranyotherperson,maycomebacktohisworktiredand____(interested).10.Peoplewere____(familiar)withthisproductatthebeginning,andmademanyguessesathowitwasproduced.11.Staringoutofthewindow,mymothercomplainedaboutthe____(responsible)andcruelpersonwholefthisdogwithus.----第2讲常见名词后缀----1.Tomy____(amaze),LifeofFranceandItalyseemedmorepleasantandrelaxingthanthatofToronto.2.IloveJackalotbutwearegettingintoalotof____(argue)aboutourweddingplans.3.Similar____(arrange)alsoexistsinsomeBritishschools.4.【2016全国Ⅱ】Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou’llfeelarealsenseof______(achieve).5.【2016全国Ⅲ】SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe______(develop)ofchopsticks.6.Whenyoustandinfrontofthemirror,itwillusethetechnologytomakeitsown____(judge)ofyourbodytype.7.In____(conclude),wisechoicesandfullpreparationsarereliablemeasurestoreachourgoals.8.Ithinkitnecessaryforustodiscussthisproblemwithourparentsbeforewemakeafinal____(decide).9.Ithinktheywereallbetterworthvisitingthanmanyother____(attract).10.【2016全国Ⅰ】Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop______(attract).11.Therearetwonewhotelshereunder____(construct).12.Hehasmadegreat____(contribute)tothedevelopmentofourcompany.--- -13.Sincenewsbroke,netizenshavepraisedTianforhis____(devote)toteachinghisstudentsandhisabilitytothinkoutofthebox.14.Researchersarguethatpeoplehavetoohigh____(expect)ofthepowerofsayingsorry.15.Hehasreceivedthreesimilar____(invite)sofar.16.Butthehardestpartlayinmyoral____(present)frommymemory—fortoreadfromthepaperwasnotallowed.17.Knowingthat,mymumandImadecareful____(prepare)forthecelebration.18.However,thecollectorsaiditwasoneofhisvaluable_______(possess)andhecouldnotletitgo.possessions19.Notonlyhavethefablesthemselveslivedfornearly1500years,but____(express)fromthemhaveenteredvariouslanguages.20.Icouldn’tseeasad____(express)onhisface.21.Somepeoplewhose____(intend)istomakebigmoneyappreciatebeinggivenanychancetomultiplytheirincome22.Nowletmegiveyouabrief____(describe)ofhisexperience.23.Thepressurehelpsuslearnthetruemeaningof____(compete)beforewestepintosociety.24.The____(explain)wassimplebutveryunusual.25.Thatsmileiswhatgiveshimthe____(determine)tolovehimself.26.Forexample,whenpeopleuseddogsforhunting,thedogswouldnoteatwhattheycaughtwithout____(permit).27.Onceyoureachthatpointinlife,happinessand____(satisfy)can’tbetoofaraway.28.____(honest)isthebestpolicy.29.Moreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal____(safe)couldnotbeguaranteed.30.Thereasonsforits____(popular)arethemusic’fastpaceandrhythmicbeat.31.Iknowyour____(curious)isdrivingyoumad!32.Itgivesusastrongheartandteachesustostepforwardnomatterwhatthe____(real)is.33.Aftertwoearlier____(marry)，shemarriedVincentAstorin1953again.34.HelloKittyisallabout____(happy)andfriendshipandfun.35.Itisanoccasionwhichoffersallofusanopportunitytoremembernotonlythesick,aged,andorphaned,butalsofriends,relativesandneighborswhose____(friend)andhelpfulnesswehaveenjoyed.36.Asshemoreandmorestudiedthephoto,shebegantoseethesadnessand____(lonely)inhiseyes.37.Theseyoung____(employ),whoareenthusiasticaboutcars,knowthatqualitycomesfirst.38.Thelinehasa____(long)of174km.39.Eventually,Iwenthomewithmycarfullofgroceriesandmyheartfullof____(warm)andkindness.40.Shawntriedtodecidewhethertoadmitthe____(true).41.OnTuesday,youbuildup____(strong)inyourlegsbydoingdeepkneebends.42.【2014陕西】OnJune27,2012,theJiaolongreacheda____（deep）of7,062metersinthePacificOcean.43.Cultureshockcanhappenimmediatelyuponyour____(arrive)inthecountry.44.Iftheystayinamuseumtoolong,afeelingof____(bore)willbuildup45.Helookedsohappywhenheenjoyedthe_____(free)ofrunningonthegrass.46.Whenpeoplepetanimals,theirblood(press)andheartratesgodown.----第3讲常见形容词后缀----1.Drawninsimpleblackandwhite,Tuzki（兔斯基）doesn’tseem____(impress)atfirstsight.2.KeepingadiaryinEnglishisan____(effect)waytoimproveourEnglishwritingability.3.Thereisno____(effect)vaccineortreatmentcurrentlyavailableforEbola.4.Forothers,workingina____(create)environmentwithotherpeoplemakesthemhappier.5.Humanbeingsare____(competition)animalsandwedecidetoevaluateeachother.6.Theygiveoff____(poison)gases.7.Myclassmatesattended____(vary)eventssuchasrunning,highjumpandlongjump.8.Somanypeopleareso____(anxiety)to“getin”ona“groundflooropportunity”,asiftheopportunitywilldoalltheworkthat’simpossible.--- -9.Almostallthefableshewroteare____(humor)andentertaining,appealingtopeopleofallages.10.Unlikehisfather,hehadbetterluckinbusinessandshowedmore____(finance)sense.11.Londonisaworld____(culture)capitalandishometomanymuseums,galleries,banks,libraries,andsportingevents.12.【2008广东】Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir______(nature)course.natural。13.【2015全国Ⅱ】As______(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.14.____(tradition),waterwouldbecollectedandpouredonlyonfamilymembersasasymbolicwaytoensuregoodluckinthecomingyear.15.Theydonotwastepeople’timeswithconversationsorotheractivitiesthathavenovisible____(benefit)result.16.ThenameBigBen____(origin)referredtotheGreatBellwithinthetower17.I’verealizedthattryingtogeteverythingdoneina____(limit)timemeansthatnothingcanbedoneproperly.18.Hewasborninapoorfamily,andonlyreceiveda____(limit)educationinhischildhood.19.Heisa____(talent)artist.20.WetriedourbesttoclimboutbutthenIsawoneofmysonswas____(miss)----第4讲连变或成对词缀----1.Later,actors,musicians,dancersandsingersfromallovertheworldcameovertogive____(perform).2.Unfortunately,manypeoplecanonlyseeacamel’soutstanding____(perform),butfewunderstanditspreparationsmadeforit.3.Thisfestivalisaholidayofgreat____(significant)andtheonewiththelongesthistory.4.Besidesanattractive____(appear),tinyhousescanalsoboastuniquepracticalfeatures.5.Whilemostmanagetocovertheshort____(distant),ahandfularestuckinsidetherailwaytracksthatliebetweentheoceanandpopularpark.6.Anoldwomanfelloveratthe____(enter)andhitherheadontheground.7.Whenwearefeelingstressedthereisatendencytoturntoothersforsome____(assist).8.NextdayIsawanadforasales____(assist)inalocalbookshopandputmyhouseonthemarket.9.The____(present)ofbothsuggestsatleastthepossibilityoflife.10.Someevenawardedprizesto____(participate)whocouldperformthisfeatinanaturalandeffortlessway.11.【2014陕西】Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmany____(apply).12.Hiscontinual____(present)oninstantmessagingplatformslikeQQandWeChathasmadehimatrueicon(偶像、标志)oftheinternetgeneration.13.Theexpertrefusedtoteachhimbecausehefearedthattheyouthwouldnothavethe____(patient)tolearn.14.Deepworrybegantodestroymy____(confident).15..It’s____(evidence)thatitwilldogreatharmtosociety.16.【2014全国Ⅰ】Justbe______(patience).17.Nevertheless,apologiesmightbeanimportantsocialtoolastheyreaffirm（重新确认）the____(exist)ofrulesthatneedtobeobserved.18.Inconclusion,wisechoicesandfullpreparationsare____(rely)measurestoreachourgoals.19.Something____(believe)happenedontheplane.20.Stayinghealthywhentravelingcanhelptoensureyourtripisahappyand____(enjoy)one.21.Woodbecameveryexpensiveandhardtoget,sotheChinesehadtoeitherfindasubstitutefortheir____(value)wood,orlearnhowtouseitbetter.22.【2013广东】Thatwouldbeavery______(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours.23.【2007广东】Butevenmore______(value)arethelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesinschool.24.【2015全国Ⅱ】Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellings（土坯房）admirableistheir______(able)to“airconditiona”housewithoutusingelectricequipment.25.Withanonlinestudyformat,thetestsandnotescanbe____(access)withjustamouseclickfromyourhomecomputer.26.Inconclusion,wisechoicesandfullpreparationsare--- -’sbagscan____(rely)measurestoreachourgoals.27.DuringhiscareerHarrison’s(responsible)istoapprovelargequantitiesofthesweeticecream.28.Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheirpersonalstories____(cheer).29.Onthewaybackdown,myuncleaskedmeaquestion,whichleftme____(speech)forasecond.30.Withtheorderfromtheground,theplane____(success)landedatthenearestairport.31.Theresearcherssuggestthataftera____(stress)day,simplydoingsomethingassmallasholdingthedooropenforsomeoneelseandcarryingsomeonegiveyoumoodaboost.32.Nobelhadneverbeentoschooloruniversity,buthadstudiedprivatelyandbecamea____(skill)chemistandexcellentlinguist.33.Tosomeadogisa____(faith)hunterandtoothersheismerelyadecoration.34.【2014辽宁】Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome______(pain).35.Iplantofinishmyyearwitha____(joy)marriageandplanformyownfamilylife.36.____(need)tosay,hegotpoormarksinallsubjects.37.Ifeltextremelyupsetwhenthenewscamethattheearthquakehadledtoextensiveandseveredamageinyourcounty,causinglossoflivesandleavingmanypeople____(home).38.Theapplicantmaynotknowthatheactuallyhastherequired____(qualify).----第5讲其他一些单词的其他词性形式并不是加词缀构成，而是改变了其中的字母或字母组合，或添加或去掉一些字母。这样的单词需要专门去记。----1.Duringourvisit,thehomewasfilledwith____(laugh).2.This____(lose)wasverybadforthecountry,ofcourse,butitturnedouttobeverygoodforthefood.3.Actually,childrenlearnviolence____(behave)fromadultsorfromwhattheyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.4.【2009广东】ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather______(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.5.InSeniorOne,hewasan____(energy)boywhowantedtobecomeaplayerintheschoolbasketballteam.6.Smilingwith____(relieve),hesetoffagainonthedonkey"sback.7.Ihaveastrong____(believe)thatonedayChinesestudentscanbuythesetickets,too.8.Thecatisnotfor____(sell).9.Sheexpressedherdisgustattheprogrambywritingaletterof____(complain).10.Hewashardworkingand____(energy)energetic.11.Therehasbeenno____(respond)tohisremarksfromthegovernment.12.Theislandofferssuchawide____(vary)ofsceneryandwildlife.13.Inyour____(young),adolescencemayfillyouwithunrealizeddesiresandsendyouintodeeperpuzzlement.14.Theeditoratoncesentthejournalistatelegraminforminghimtofindouttheexactnumberofstepsandthe____(high)ofthewall.------- -答案：第1讲常见前缀1.inconvenient。这可能听起来不方便，但是英国人习惯于这样做。2.impatient。get后面跟形容词。impatient没有耐心的。3.impatience。to后面跟名词。impatience没耐心，名词。4.independent。独立的，自力更生的。5.unexpectedly。出乎意料地，修饰动词cutoff，用副词。--- -6.unbelievable。令人难以置信的事情发生在那个飞机上。7.unnecessary。没有必要的。creditcard信用卡。8.unable。不能够。9.uninterested。学生或者其他任何人可能回到工作上，疲惫不堪，毫无兴趣。10.unfamiliar。不熟悉的。11.irresponsible。不负责任的。cruel残暴的。第2讲常见名词后缀1.amazement。tomyamazement使我惊奇的是。2.argument。争吵，争论。去-e加-ment。链接：arguing，truly，valuable。3.arrangement。similar后面跟名词。4.achievement。asenseofachievement成就感。此处achievement是不可数名词。5.development。影响着筷子的发展。6.judgement/judgment。本词两种写法都正确。7.conclusion。inconclusion总之。8.decision。决定，是decide的名词。9.attractions。景点，是可数名词。10.attraction。虽然pandas用的复数，但是熊猫也只是一个方面。11.construction。underconstruction在建设中。12.contributions。contribution是可数名词。makeacontributionto或者makecontributionsto。13.devotion。忠诚。奉献。14.expectations。expectation作“期望”讲时常用复数。15.invitations。邀请信，请帖。16.presentation。呈现，介绍，演示。17.preparations。makepreparationsfor做准备，此时preparation要用复数。18.possessions。物品，所有物，同belongings相近。19.expressions。短语，习语。20.expression。表情。21.intention。目的，意图。22.description。描述，描写。23.competition。竞赛，比赛。24.explanation。explain变为名词时ai要变为a。25.determination。决心，决定。26.permission。允许。不要写成permition。27.satisfaction。满意，satisfy的名词。toone’ssatisfaction使某人满意的是。28.Honesty。作主语要用其名词形式。29.safety。是safe的名词形式。30.popularity。后面谓语是are，主语是reasons，所以不能把popularity写成复数。31.curiosity。好奇心。32.reality。现实。33.marriage。结婚，婚姻。34.happiness。幸福。35.friendship/friendliness。friendship友谊，friendliness友好。36.loneliness。孤独，寂寞。37.employees。employee雇员，employer雇主。38.length。alengthof一段长度。39.warmth。温暖。40.truth。事实，真相。--- -41.strength。力量。42.depth。深度。43.arrival。on/uponarrival刚一到。44.boredom。烦闷，无聊。45.freedom。自由。46.pressure。bloodpressure血压。第3讲常见形容词后缀1.impressive。令人印象深刻的。雄伟的，壮观的。2.effective。有效的。3.effective。有效的。vaccine疫苗。currently目前。4.creative。创造性的。5.competitive。好竞争的6.poisonous。有毒的。7.various。各种各样的。8.anxious。焦虑的。9.humorous。幽默的。10.financial。金融的，经济的，财政的。11.cultural。文化的。12.natural。自然的。naturalcourse自然过程。13.natural。naturalarchitects自然建筑师。14.Traditionally。修饰句子用副词。15.beneficial。有益的，有好处的。16.originally。最初地，起源地。修饰动词refer用副词。17.limited。有限的。18.limited。有限的。19.talented。有才华的。20.missing。丢失的，不见的。第4讲连变或成对词缀1.performance。表演，表现。2.performance。表演，表现。3.significance。ofgreatsignificance意为verysignificant非常重要的，有重要意义的。4.appearance。外表，外貌。5.distance。距离。distant遥远的。6.entrance。入口处。7.assistance。帮助，不可数名词。8.assistant。助手。9.presence。出现，在场。present出席的，在场的。10.participants。参与者。参加比赛的人。11.applicants。申请人。12.presence。出现，名词。他不断出现先即时信息平台QQ和微信上，这使他成为互联网一代的标志。13.patience。害怕青年人没有学习的耐心。14.confidence。信心。15.evident。明显的。16.patient。有耐心的。17.existence。存在。18.reliable。可以信赖的。--- -19.unbelievable。难以置信的。20.enjoyable。高兴的，愉快的。21.valuable。有价值的。22.reasonable。合理的。23.valuable。倒装句。Thelessonslearned⋯areevenmorevaluable。.24.ability。前面有their，所以要用名词。25.accessed/accessible。可以得到的，能够接近的。26.reliable。可以信赖的。27.responsibility。责任。28.cheerfully。欢乐地，愉快地。29.speechless。无言以对的。30.successfully。修饰动词要用副词。31.stressful。有压力的。32.skillful。技术高超的，灵巧的。skilled经过培训掌握技术的。33.faithful。忠诚的，忠实的。34.painful。疼痛的。-ful有“充满”之意。helpful;careful。35.joyful。快乐的。36.Needless。needlesstosay不用说。37.homeless。无家可归的。38.qualification。资质，资历。第5讲其他1.laughter。laughter笑声；laugh笑（名词或动词）。2.loss。损失。lost是形容词3.behavior。行为，不可数名词。4.choice。选择，choose的名词。5.energetic。精力充沛的。6.relief。宽慰，放松。7.belief。信念，信条。8.sale。卖。9.complaint。抱怨，投诉。10.energetic。精力充沛的。11.response。回应，回答，回音。12.variety。awidevarietyof种类繁多的。13.youth。青年。adolescence青春期。14.height。高度。--- ----