中考复习之：初中英语语法知识专题突破 79页

第一篇基础知识专题复习与训练一名词复习指要2.不可数名词的计量知识梳理a.不可数名词所表示的事物一般不能用数来计算，没有1．可数名词的复数词形变化。当不可数名词需要计量时，用“数词或冠词+量词+a.规则变化of+不可数名词”的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，情况构成方法例词一般情况加-sclock→clocks;lion→lionsday→days;gate→gatesbird→birds以s,x,ch,sh等结尾加-esglass→glasses;fox→foxeswatch→watches;wish→wishes以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加-escity→cities;factory→factoriessecretary→secretaries以f或fe结尾一般变f、fe为v再加-esknife→knives;leaf→leavesshelf→shelves;wolf→wolves;以o结尾o前为辅音字母加-es,o前为元音字母加-shero→heroes;Negro→Negroespotato→potatoes;tomato→tomatoeskangroo→kangroos;radio→radios例外:photo→photospiano→pianos复合名词一般将主体名词变为复数brother-in-law→brothers-in-lawtooth-brush→tooth-brushescomputerroom→computerrooms无主体名词，在词尾加-sgrown-up→grown-upslook-out→look-outs两部分都变为复数manteacher→menteacherswomandriver→womendrivers但of后面的名词只用单数，如：abagofricetwobagsofriceabottleofjuicethreebottlesofjuiceaboxofchocolatefourboxesofchocolateacupofcoffeefivecupsofcoffeeadropofinksixdropsofinkaglassofmilksevenglassesofmilkakindofpollutioneightkindsofpollutionapieceofadviceninepiecesofadviceapoundofmeattenpoundsofmeatatypeofoileleventypesofoilb.不可数名词可以和some,any,all,little,alittle,much,more,most,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等词连用。如：alittlebreadmuch/lotsofmoneyplentyofwatersomebutter３．名词所有格　类　型　构成方法　　　　例　词有生命的名词（人或动物）在词尾加-’sTony’scamera以-s结尾的单数、复数名词只加-’theirboss’carTeachers’Daythestudents’books不规则复数名词在词尾加-’sChildren’sDaythepolicemen’sofficesheep’swool无生命的名词时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等在词尾加-’s或-’today’snewspapertwentyminutes’walktheworld’spopulationChina’scapital其他一般用“of+名词”结构apictureofmyfamilythedooroftheclassroom双重所有格of+-’s所有格afriendofhermother’stheplaysofShakespeare’sof+名词性物主代词alittledogofminesomephotosoftheirsb.不规则变化构成方法例词变内部元音foot→feet;goose→geese;mouse→miceman→men;businesswoman→businesswomentooth→teeth词尾加-enchild→children;ox→oxen;单复数同形deer→deer;fish→fish;sheep→sheep汉语音译词无复数形式，用斜体threejiaofivefeneightyuantenjintwentyli100mu表示“某国人”的名词，其单、复数变化有3种情况单复数同形Chinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanese变词尾的man为menEnglishman→EnglishmenFrenchwoman→Frenchwomen词尾加-sGerman→GermansRoman→Romans79 Austraslian→AustraliansIndian→Indians79 4．名词的句法功能.句法功能例句主语Thechildrenaresleeping.孩子们在睡觉。表语Shebecameawriter.她成了一名作家。宾语Theboyboughtsomebooks.那男孩买了一些书。宾语补足语Wefindhimagoodteacher我们发现他是一个好老师。定语Canyoumakepaperboats?你会折纸船吗？状语LiLeiisn’tatschooltoday.李雷今天不在学校。同位语ThisisMissSmith,ourEnglishteacher.这位是我们的英语老师史密斯小姐。称呼语Boysandgirls,lookattheblackboard,please..同学们，请看黑板。考点聚焦1．表示“某国人”的复数形式的表达：以-ese结尾的名词，其单复数形式相同；以-an或-ian结尾的名词的复数在该词后加-s；以-man结尾的词，其复数形式将-man变为-men。但German,Roman不是合成词，故其复数形式为Germans,Romans。ThreeBandtwo_____aregoingtovisitourschoolnextMonday.A.Englishmen,GermenB.Englishmen,Germans2．有些名词单、复数同形，复数形式不加-s或-es。TherearesomeAatthefootofthemountain.A.sheepB.sheeps3．man和woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。SomeBareoperatingonthepatients.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctors4．复合形容词作定语，其结构是“数字+连字符+名词单数”或“数字+名词所有格”。IhearwewillhaveaBholidayin_____.A.two-days,twoday’stimeB.two-day,twodays’time5．有些词如cattle,class,people,police,public等形式上为单数，但意义上为复数。ThepoliceBsearchingforthethief.A.isB.are6．表示“学科”的名词，如mathematics（数学）,politics（政治），physics（物理）等，形式上是复数，但意义上是单数。PoliticsAdifficulttolearn.A.isB.are7．不可数名词一般不与不定冠词或数词连用。若要表示其数量时，通常用“a…of”或“…s(es)of”的结构。I’dlikeBforbreakfasttoday.A.twobreadsB.twopiecesofbread,8．有些名词既可用作可数名词,也可用作不可数名词,其含义不同,如time(时间)—threetimes(次数),glass(玻璃)—aglass(玻璃杯),work(工作)—HanHan’sworks(作品),paper(纸)—somepapers(报纸；试卷)，chiicken(鸡肉)—manychickens(小鸡)。HereareyourexaminationA.A.papersB.paper9．表示并列名词各自的所有关系，在各个名词后加’s。Abooksareontheteacher’sdesk.A.Mary’s,Tom’sandBetty’sB.Mary,TomandBetty’s10．表示并列名词共有关系，只在最后一个名词后加’s。Mr.BrownisBfather.A.Mike’sandJack’sB.MikeandJack’s11．名词作主语时，谓语动词必须和主语的人称及数保持一致。不可数名词和可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数。①SomeboysBplayingfootballontheplayground.②ThelittlegirlAcryingintheroom.③ThereAsomemeatinthefridge,A.isB.are12．集体名词如class,family,team,public等作主语时，若强调整体,谓语动词用单数;若强调个体成员，0谓语动词用复数。①OurclassAabigone.②OurclassBworkinghard.A.isB.are13．有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes（衣服）,pants（裤子）,trousers(裤子),glasses(眼镜),goods(货物),thanks(谢谢),manners(礼貌)等。作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当其前有apairof,akindof时，谓语动词用单数形式。①HowmuchBtheglasses?②ThispairofglassesA＄100.A.isB.are14.表示时间、价格、距离、度量单位等的复数名词作主语时，被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。FiveminutesAenoughtodothis.A.isB.are备考兵法重点、难点（1）名词词义辨析。（2）可数名词复数的规则变化和不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的计量。（4）名词所有格构成及用法。（5）名词作主语时与谓语动词的一致关系。（6）专有名词及名词与其他词类组成的固定词组。识记巩固I．写出下列名词的复数形式1.AustrianAustrians2.universityuniversities3.monkeymonkeys4.beachbeaches5.grandchildgrandchildren6.GermanGermans7.shelfshelves8.tomatotomatoes9.womanengineerwomenengineers10.photophotos79 II．翻译下列词组。1.两只红狐狸tworedfoxes2.五十只绵羊fiftysheep__3.十二杯咖啡twelvecupsofcoffee4.儿童节Children’sDay__5.步行二十分钟的路程twentyminutes’walk6.几则最新消息somepiecesoflatestnews7.成千上万的中国人thousandsofChinese8.吉姆和凯特的房间Jim’sandKate’srooms__典例解析例1--It’sreallyhottoday.Whatdrinksdowehaveinthefridge?--Wehavesome________.A.noodleB.cheeseC.sausagesD.lemonade易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查对名词意义的理解。根据题意：“我们冰箱里有什么饮料？”所给四个选项中只有lemonade（柠檬汁）为饮料，故选D。例2--Couldyoutake________forthese________?--Theyareverybeautiful.A.anyphotos;tomatoesB.somephotos;tomatoesC.somephotos;tomatosD.anyphotos;tomatoes易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查可数名词的复数形式的构成。photo的复数形式为photos，而tomato的复数形式为tomatoes。又因为在表示请求、建议，且希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中，一般用some而不用any，故选B。变式训练Thethree________(spaceman)ofShenzhouVIISpaceshipwerewarmlywelcomedinHongKong.本题考查名词复数的变化spaceman的复数形式为不规则变化，其复数为spacemen。例3MyfriendDavehelpedmealotbygivingme_____onEnglishlearning.A.someadvicesB.manyadviceC.someadviceD.anadvice易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查不可数名词的数量表达。advice作“忠告”、“意见”解，为不可数名词。可以说apieceofadvice(一条建议)，twopiecesofadvice(两条建议)，someadvice(一些建议)，muchadvice（许多建议）等，但不可说anadvice、someadvices或manyadvice，故只有C项正确。变式训练–WhatcanIdoforyou?--I’dlikesome_______.A.bottleoforangeB.bottleoforangesC.bottlesoforangeD.bottlesoforanges答案为C。题中orange为“橘汁”，是不可数名词，要表示具体的数量，需借助于量词词组，其复数形式是通过量词词组中的名词的复数形式来表示的。例4--Howfarisyourcousin’shomefromhere?--It’sabouttwo________drive.A.hour’sB.hoursC.hours’D.hour易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查名词所有格作定语的用法。根据题意“大约是两个小时的车程。”可知题干中的drive前应用名词所有格，故排除B、D。又因以-s结尾的复数名词，其所有格只加–’，故选C项。变式训练________mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.A.TimandPeter’sB.Tim’sandPeterC.Tim’sandPeter’sD.TimandPeter答案为C。本题考查名词所有格作定语的用法。根据题意“Tim和Peter的妈妈都在同一所医院工作。”可知题干中的mothers是Tim和Peter各有的。当表示两个或两个以上的人“分别拥有的……”这一概念时，须在每个名词后加-’s。例5.There______apairofshoesunderthebed.Theshoes______mine.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are易错点剖析答案为A。shoes作主语时谓语动词用复数，但当其前有apairof修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。例6.Mozartstartedwritingmusicwhenhewasa________child.A.fouryearsoldB.four-yearoldC.four-year-oldD.four-years-old易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查复合形容词作定语的用法。当“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合词作定语时，数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符，其中的名词要用单数。故选C。中考热身(A)1.Anewstudyprovesa______walkeverydayisenoughtokeeppeopleawayfrombecomingfat.【2009·哈尔滨】A.30-minuteB.30minute’sC.30-minutes(A)2.Ilike______alot,andmymotherusuallycooksitindifferentways.【2009·河南】A.fishB.butterC.potatoesD.noodles(A)3.–Two________didedintheaccident.--________terribleitis!【2009·广东深圳】A.policemen;HowB.policeman;WhatC.police;WhatD.policemans;How(B)4.–Howmany________arethereinthekitchen?--Onlytwo.【2009·黑龙江绥化】A.bagofriceB.bagsofriceC.bagsofrices5.–Paul,pleasee-mailmethoseprofessors’(professor)weeklyreportsassoonaspossible.--OK!Noproblem【2009·江苏南79 京】迎考精练基础过关训练(A)1.–What’sinthecupboard?--Afew_______,butlittle________.A.apples;coffeeB.coffee;applesC.apple;coffeesD.coffees;apple(B)2.–What’sthe_______ofyourbeinglateforschool?--Mybikebrokedown.A.newsB.reasonC.messageD.result(C)3.Itisfiveyearssincewebegantoenjoya_______springholidayeachyear.A.tendayB.tenday’sC.ten-dayD.ten-days(D)4.–Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?--Sure,I’dlike_______forcookingvegetables.A.twocupsofteaB.threepiecesofbreadC.onebowlofdumplingsD.fivekilosofoil(B)5.Thetwoguitarsare_______.Theyplaytheguitarverywell.A.HanLei’sandZhangXingB.HanLei’sandZhangXing’sC.HanLeiandZhangXingD.HanLeiandZhangXing’s(A)6.Mr.Whitehasabeautifulgardenwithmany_______init.A.flowersB.grassC.villageD.water(D)7.Allthe_______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholidays.A.manB.menC.womanD.women(B)8.Doyouhave_____?Iwanttoknowwhathappenedintheworld.A.todaynewspaperB.today’snewspaperC.atodaynewspaperD.today’sanewspaper(A)9.ThePLAmansavedthree_____livesintheaccident.A.children’sB.childrenC.childD.childs’(C)10.Edisonwasoneofthegreatest_____intheworld.A.scienceB.scientistC.scientistsD.sciences能力提升训练I．根据汉语提示完成句子，一空一词。1.Themaninthewhitecarisafriendofmyfather’s（我父亲的一个朋友）.2.Thereissomethingwrongwithmostofhisteeth(他的大多数牙齿).3.–WhatcanIdoforyou?--I’dlikefourboxesofmilk(四盒牛奶).4.–Wherearetheboystudents(男同学)?--Theyareplayingfootballontheplayground.5.–WhatdayisSeptember10th?--It’sTeachers’Day(教师节).II.改正下列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.Onthefarm,theyhavemorethan2000cowsandsheeps.sheeps→sheep2.SomeRomenvisitedtheGrandBuddhathedaybeforeyesterday.Romen→Romans3.Hi,boysandgirls!I’vegotagoodnewstotellyouall.agoodnews→apieceofgoodnews4.You’dbetterdomorningexerciseeveryday.It’sgoodforyourhealth.exercise→exercises5.Thisisavisitorbike.Mineisoverthere.visitor→visitor’s二冠词复习指要知识梳理1．不定冠词的基本用法用法例词或例句指一个人、动物或一件事物属于某一类Sheisanurse.她是护士。(不是医生或其他。)Adogisauefulanimal.狗是有用的动物。Iboughtabookyesterday.我买了一本书。（不是笔或其他）指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物Agirliswaitingforyou.一个女孩在等你。Heteachesinaschool.他在一所学校教书。表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈Ihaveadaughter.我有一个女儿。Areyouleavingataquartertosixtomorrowmorning?你明天六点差一刻出发吗？用于首次提到的人或物，起介绍作用Thereisamanswimmingintheriver.有个男人在河里游泳。Anoldcockissittingunderatalltree.大树下有只老公鸡。表示“每一”，相当于everyTheygototheparkonceaweek.他们每周去一次公园。Thefishis10yuanakilo.鱼每公斤10元。用在序数词前表示“又一”或“另一;再一”Wouldyoulikeasecondcupoftea/anothercupoftea?你想再要一杯茶吗？用于某些固定词组中abit(of)一点afew一些alittle一点；一些alot(of)许多；大量akindof一种anumberof许多　apairof一双afterawhile过了一会儿asaresult结果　　　atatime　一次　　　goforaride去乘（骑……）inaway　从某种程度上讲inahurry匆忙inaminute一会儿　　inaword总之haveagoodtime玩得愉快79 havealookat看……一眼haveaheadache头痛leada…life过（某种生活）makealiving谋生onceuponatime从前在抽象名词前表示某种具体情况或概念It’sapleasuretoworkwithyou.和你一起工作非常高兴。DoesMr.WanghaveaknowledgeofFrench?王先生精通法语吗？在某些物质名词前表示“一种”、“一客”等acoffee一客咖啡anice-cream一客冰淇淋agreentea一种绿茶atea一客茶（点）在某些物质名词前表示“一股（阵、场）”等aheavysmoke一股浓烟astrongwind一阵大风aheavyrain(snow)一场大雨（雪）2．定冠词的基本用法用法例词或例句特指某（些）人或某（些）物Themanunderthetreeishisfriend.树下的那个人是他的朋友。Isthisthebookthatyou’relookingfor?这就是你要找的书吗？指谈话双方都知道的人或事物--Whereisthebusstation?车站在哪儿？--Overthere.在那边。上文提到过的人或物Thereisanewhouseoverthere.Thehouseiswhite.那儿有一幢新房子。那幢房子是白色的。用在世界上独一无二的事物前theearth地球themoon月亮thesun太阳　　thesky天空　theworld世界theuniverse宇宙用在单数可数名词前，　表示一类人或事物Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。Doyouknowwhoinventedthecomputer?你知道是谁发明了计算机吗？用在序数词和形容词最高级前Whowasthefirsttospeakatthemeeting.谁是会上第一个发言的？Sheisthemostcarefulstudentinmyclass.她是我班最仔细的学生。用在形容词或副词的比较级前，表示强调“两者中较……的”Ofthetwodictionaries,Marychosethecheaperone.在两本字典中，玛丽选了较便宜的那本。Heistheolderofthetwoboys.那两个男孩中他是年龄较大的一个。用在“the+比较级，the+比较级”中表示“越……越……”Themoretreesweplant,thebetterourenvironmentwillbe.我们种的树越多,我们的环境就会越好。用在西洋乐器名词前，而中国民族乐器前不用冠词Shelikestoplaythepianowhilehersisterlikestoplayerhu.她喜欢弹钢琴，而她的妹妹喜欢拉二胡。用在方位名词前attheback/frontof在……后面/前面intheeast/west/south/north在东/西/南/北ontheleft/right在左/右边用在姓氏的复数前表示全家人或夫妇两人TheBlacksaregettingreadyfortheholiday.布莱克一家正在为假日作准备。TheWhitesliketakingawalkaftersupper.怀特夫妇喜欢在晚饭后散步。与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物theblind盲人thebeautiful美丽的事物thepoor穷人therich富人theyoung年轻人theold老年人thewounded伤员theliving活着的人用在以普通名词构成的专有名词前theGreatWall长城theGreatHallofthePeople人民大会堂theSummerPalace颐和园theUnitedStates美国用在党派、阶级、组织名词前theCommunistParty共产党theworkingclass工人阶级theYouthLeague共青团用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛等地理名词前theHimalayas喜马拉雅山thePacificOcean太平洋theYellowRiver 黄河theXishaIslands西沙群岛用在报纸、杂志、旅馆等名词前thePeople’sDaily人民日报theReader’sDigest读者文摘theBeijingHotel北京饭店用在朝代、年代名词前theTangDynasty唐朝inthe1870’s在19世纪70年代theinformationperiod信息时代用于某些固定词组中alltheyearround全年　allthetime一直atthesametime同时atthemoment此刻attheageof…在……岁时atthebeginningof起初attheendof在……结束时bytheway顺便说一下gotothecinema去看电影inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上intherain在雨中inthedistance在远处inthemiddleof在……中间inthedaytime在白天intheend最后　inthefuture在将来takesb.bythearm抓住某人的臂　３．不使用冠词的场合79 场合例词或例句人名、地名、国家、称呼语、头衔、职务等专有名词前MissZhaoispopular.赵老师很受欢迎。FranceisaEuropeancountry.法国是个欧洲国家。Lucyisanicegirl.露西是个好女孩。抽象名词或物质名词前Lifeisshort;artislong.生命短崭，艺术长存。Fishcan’tlivewithoutwater.鱼儿离不开水。名词前已有this,that,these,those,形容词性物主代词my,his,your等,名词所有格或whose,some,any,no,each,every等限定词Iwantthispen,notthatone.我要这支钢笔，不要那支钢笔。TheseareRose’sbooks.这些是罗斯的书。Ihavesomequestionstoask.我有一些问题要问。Mr.Wangismyclassmate.王先生是我的同班同学。复数名词表示一类人或事物时Theyareteachers.他们是教师。Ipreferapplestopears.我喜欢苹果胜过梨。Computersareverypopulartoallkindsofpeople.电脑受到各行各业人们的喜爱。表示季节、月份、星期的名词前Springisalovelyseason.春天是个怡人的季节。SchoolbeginsinSeptember.学校9月开学。节假日前ChristmasDay圣诞节MayDay五一节NewYear’sDay元旦节NationalDay国庆节Teachers’Day教师节ThanksgivingDay感恩节表示三餐的名词前Wehavelunchattwelve.我们12点吃午饭。Aftersupperweusuallygooutforawalk.晚饭后，我们通常出去散散步。表示学科、语言的名词前MissSmithcan’tspeakChinese.史密斯小姐不会说汉语。Mathsishardtolearn.数学不容易学。表示球类运动、棋类活动的名词前Theyareplayingfootball.他们在踢足球。Let’sgoandwatchthemplaychess.让我们去看他们下棋。在某些固定词组中atwork在工作atnoon在中午　　atmidnight在午夜afterschool放学以后bybus/train/plane/subway/ferry乘公共汽车/火车/飞机/地铁/渡船beinhospital住院dayandnight日日夜夜gotobed就寝　gotocollege上大学gotoschool上学gotochurch去做礼拜frommorningtillnight从早到晚forexample例如hourafterhour一小时接一小时inclass在课堂上　insurprise惊奇地onbusiness经商onfoot步行onholiday度假ontime准时　考点聚焦1．不定冠词表示泛指的用法。--Look!What’sinthetree?--ThereisBbirdsingingthere.A.theB.a2．不定冠词a和an，一般用在单数可数名词前。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。①Thisisapearandthatisanapple.②Thisisanemptybottle.Pleasegivemeafullone.3．有的词虽然以辅音字母开头，但却使用an。①Myunclewillbebackinhalfanhour.②Davidisanhonestboy.③Thereisan“s”inthewordsearch.4．有的词虽然以元音字母开头，但却使用a。①Betty’sparentsbothteachinauniversityinBeijing.②Thisisausefulbook.5．不定冠词a,an在某些固定词组中的用法。WehadBwonderfultimeintheparkyesterday.A.theB.a6．定冠词the表示特指的用法。Agirlsingingunder_____treeismysister.A.The;theB.A;a7．序数词之前一般用定冠词the，表示“第几……”,但当其表示“又一、再一”时，要用不定冠词a,an。①HelivesonAfifteenthfloor.②Mr.andMrs.ShutehadadaughtercalledJane.ThentheyhadBsecondchild—ason.A.theB.a8．在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。WecanseeBsuninthedaytime.A.aB.the9．形容词的最高级之前必须用the,而副词的最高级之前通常不用the。TomisAyoungeststudentinourclass.A.theB.a10．表示演奏某种乐器，西洋乐器名词必须用the,而中国乐器如erhu(二胡),jinghu(京胡),pipa(琵琶),guzheng(古筝)等前不用the。SallyplaysBviolinverywellwhileLinglingisgoodatplaying_____guzheng.A.the,theB.the,/79 11．定冠词the在某些固定词组中的用法。ThereisabigtreeinBmiddleofthegarden.A.aB.the12．在由普通名词构成的专有名词以及江河、山脉、海洋、湖泊、群岛等地理名词前用定冠词the。BChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverinChina.A.不填B.The13．三餐名词前一般不用冠词，但如果前面有形容词时，要用冠词。IusuallyhaveBbreakfastatseveninthemorning.Igotuplatethismorning,soIhad_____quickbreakfast.A./；/B./;a14．表示球类运动的名词前不加冠词，但当其指具体的实物时，要用冠词。PeterlikesplayingBfootballverymuch,buthedoesn’tlike_____footballIboughtforhimonhisbirthday.A./；/B./；the15．物质名词、抽象名词或复数名词表示泛指或一般概念时，其前不用冠词。WeknowthatAglasscanbemadeinto_____glasses.A./；/B.a:the16．节日、季节、月份、星期等名词前不用冠词，若被其他限定词修饰，则须加定冠词。Mr.WangcametothesmallvillageinAspringof2007.A.theB./17．介词by后的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词，但in或on后的名词要用冠词。TheyusuallytravelonBtrain,buttheywentbacktotheirhometownby_____planelastyear.A./；theB.a;/18．固定词组中不用冠词的情况。WheredidyougoonBholiday,Tony?A.aB.不填备考兵法重点、难点（１）不定冠词a和an的用法及辨析。（２）定冠词the的用法。（３）零冠词的用法。（４）不定冠词与定冠词的用法区别。（５）使用冠词和不用冠词的固定搭配。识记巩固I．在下列空格内填入适当的不定冠词。1.afamousprofessor2.anhonestman3.anAustralianwoman4.aEuropeancountry5.auniversitystudent6.anunhappygirl7.anMP58.a_moderninvention9．an11-year-oldboy10.halfanhourII.在下列句子空白处填入适当的冠词(不需要则填“”)。1.There’sabridgeovertheriver.Thebridgeismadeofstone.2.Beijingisabeautifulcity.It’sthecapitalofChina.3.Tomoftenplaysfootballafterschool.Hecan’tplaythepiano.4.–WhereisXiaoMing?--He’shavingarestoverthere.5.–Didyoudowellinthechemistryexam?--Yes,Igotan“A”.典例解析例1MoreandmoreforeignstudentscometoChinatolearn_______Chinese.A.aB.anC.theD./易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查不使用冠词的情况。Chinese(汉语)是表示语言的名词,其前不使用冠词,故选D。变式训练IwanttogotoPariswhereIcanlearn_______Frenchlanguage.A.不填B.aC.anD.the答案为D。单用French表“法语”时，其前不用冠词，但当它用作定语修饰language时，却要用the。例2–Doyouplay______pianoinyourfreetime?--No,Ilikesports.Ioftenplay______soccerwithmyfriends.A./;theB.the;/C.the;theDa;a易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查使用定冠词和不用冠词的情况。piano,violin等乐器名称前要用定冠词，而soccer,basketball,football,volleyball等表示“球类运动”的名词前不用冠词，故选B。变式训练_______footballinPeter’sbedroomtellsusthathelikesplaying_______football.A.The;theB.A;aC.The;D.An;the答案为C。当basketball,football,volleyball等表示“球类运动”时，其前不用冠词；如果指具体的实物，其前应用冠词。因为第一个basketball之后有inPeter’sroom修饰，表示特指“彼得卧室里的那个足球”，因此用the。例3LiuChangchunis______firstChinesetojointheOlympics.A.aB.anC.theD./易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查定冠词的用法，first是序数词，表示“第一”，其前应用the修饰，故选C。例4Don’ttalktoTomlikethat.Heisonly______eleven-year-oldboy.A.aB.anC.theD./易错点剖析答案为B。此题考查不定冠词表示“泛指”的用法以及a和an的区别。根据题意“他只是一个十一岁的男孩。”79 此处应用不定冠词表示泛指。a用于以辅音音素开头的词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。eleven是以元音音素开头，故选B。例5I’vehad_____badheadacheallday,soIthinkI’llgoto_____bedearly.A.a;/B./;theC./;/D.a;the易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查冠词的习惯搭配。haveaheadache(头痛)是固定搭配，其中的a不能省略，又如haveacold,havearest,havealook,haveatry等；而gotobed中的bed前不用冠词，又如gotoschool,gotocollege等。中考热身(B)1.–Mimiknowssomuchabouttheearth!--Yes,youknowsheisonly________eight-year-oldgirl.【2009·广东湛江】A.aB.anC.theD.不填(C)2.–Manyyoungpeopleareinterestedin________secretsbehindLiuQian’smagic.--Metoo.Ialsothinkhehas________creativemind.【2009·内蒙古包头】A.不填;aB.不填；theC.the;aD.the;the(B)3.–Howdoyougoto________work?--Iusuallytake________bus.【2009·广东深圳】A.the;aB./;aC.a;aD.the;/(B)4.Learning_______country’slanguageisabetterwayofknowing________culturebehindit.【2009·山东泰安】A.the;aB.a;theC.不填;theD.a;不填(A)5.Thereis________bookontheshelf.Wouldyoupleaseget________bookforme?【2009·新疆】A.a;theB.the;aC.a;aD.the;the迎考精练基础过关训练(C)1._____historyofthisPacificislandbrought_____unusualfeelingtome.A.The;aB.A;anC.The;anD.A;a(C)2.Montrealis_____secondbiggestFrench-speakingcityintheworld.A.aB.anC.theD./(C)3.Thecoachwished_____athletesfromhisfootballteamcouldgoto_____universitytohaveafurtherstudy.A.an;anB.a;anC.the;aD.the;an(B)4.Peopleliketoseefilmson_____TVinsteadofgoingto_____cinema.A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;/(D)5._____Greensareon_____visittoabeautifulcityinChina.A./;aB.A;theC.The;/D.The;a(C)6.–Haveyouseen_____cellphoneIleftherejustnow?--No,Ihaven’t.A.aB.anC.theD./(A)7.It’snot________goodideatodriveforfourhourswithout________break.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a(C)8.Ihopetoflyto________moononeday.A.aB.anC.theD./(B)9.Maryhas________e-dictionary.Shegotitfromheruncle.A.aB.anC.theD./(B)10.JackenjoyswatchingTV,whileTomisinterestedinlisteningto________music.A.theB./C.atD.an能力提升训练根据短文内容，在必要的地方填入冠词（若不需要，则填“/”）。Anartistwenttoabeautifulplaceofcountryfor/holidaysandstayedwithafarmer.Everydayhewentoutandpainted(画画)frommorningtoevening.Whenitgotdark,hecamebacktothefarmandhad　a　gooddinnerbeforehewentto/bed.Attheendofhisholidayshewantedtopaythefarmer.,butthefarmerdidn’twantthemoney.Heonlyaskedforoneofhispictures.Theartistwasveryglad.Thefarmersmiledandsaid,“IhaveasoninLondon,andhewantstobecomeanartist.Whenhecomesbacknextmonth,Iwillshowhimyourpictureandthenhedoesn’twanttobeanartistanymore.”三数词复习指要知识梳理1.基数词one1two2three3four4five5six6seven7eight8nine9ten10eleven11twelve12thirteen13fourteen14fifteen15sixteen16seventeen17eighteen18nineteen19twenty20twenty-one21twenty-two22thirty30forty40fifty50sixty60seventy70eighty80ninety90onehundred100onehundredandone101twohundred2002.序数词first1st第一second2nd第二third3rd第三fourth4th第四fifth5th第五sixth6th第六twentieth20th第二十twenty-first21st第二十一thirtieth30th第三十fortieth40th第四十fiftieth50th第五十sixtieth60th第十79 seventh7th第七eighth8th第八ninth9th第九tenth10th第十eleventh11th第十一twelfth12th第十二thirteenth13th第十三seventieth70th第七十eightieth80th第八十ninetieth90th第九十onehundredth100th第一百onehundredandfirst101st第一百零一twohundredth200th第二百3.数词的常见用法用法例词或例句句法功能主语TwoofuswillbesenttoEnglandtolearnEnglish.我们中有两人将被派到英国学英语。表语Myparentsarefortynow.我的父母40岁了。宾语Showmethethird,please.请把第三个给我看看。定语Thereareaboutthreethousandstudentsinourschool.我们学校约有3000学生。同位语Theythreehavefinishedtheirwork.他们三人已完成了工作。编号LessonOne=thefirstlesson第一课Page48第48页Room806第806号房间Tel.No.88366818电话号码88366818theNo.7People’sHospital第七人民医院138NanjingRoad南京路138号BusNo.106第106路公共汽车年1900读作nineteenhundred1997读作nineteenninety-seven2000读作(theyear)twothousand2009读作twothousandandnine年、月inAugust,2008　在2008年8月年、月、日on26thOctober,1975在1975年10月26日onDecember21st,2006在2006年12月21日年代intheearlyforties在40年代初期inthemid-1960’s/1960s在20世纪60年代中期inthelateninetiesofthetwentiethcentury在20世纪90年代末期时刻表达法整点atseveno’clock在7点钟几点过几分attwentypastthree在3点过20分ataquarterpasteleven在11点过一刻athalfpasttwelve在12点半差几分到几点atfivetoeight在差5分到8点（在7点55分）ataquartertonine在差一刻到9点(在8点45分）attwenty-fivetosix在差25分到6点与汉语顺序同6:15读作sixfifteen10:30读作tenthirty4:35读作fourthirty-five分数表达法1/4onefourth或aquarter1/2ahalf或onehalf2/3twothirds或two-thirds57/9fiveandsevenninths或fiveandseven-ninths次数（倍数）表达法once一次twice两次threetimes三次tentimes十次小数表达法0.05zeropointzerofive12.78twelvepointseveneight百分数表达法3%threepercent75%seventy-fivepercent25.5%twenty-fivepointfivepercent考点聚焦1．在表示具体的数目时，hundred,thousand,million和billion后面都不能加“s”,如fivehundred,tenmillion；在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”等不确定数目时，用“hundreds/thousands/millions+of+名词复数”结构，前面不能再加数词。如：①TheGreatWallisoversixAkilometerslong.A.thoudandB.thousands②Boftreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.A.MillionB.Millions2．inone’s+整十数词的复数，表示“在某人几十多岁时”；inthe+整十数词的复数，表示“在……年代”。①　HebegantolearnEnglishB.②　ThebridgewasbuiltA.A.inthefiftiesB.inhisfifties注意：“在十几岁时”要用inone’steens,不能说inone’stens3．序数词第一～十九中除first,second,third外，其余是在基数词末尾加-th构成。注意少数几个词拼法不规则：fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。TodaywearegoingtogoovertheBlesson.A.ninethB.ninth4．表示整十的序数词，通常是将整十的基数词尾的y变为i再加-eth。如：twenty→twentiethforty→fortieth表示“几十几”的序数词，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词。如thirty-six→thirty-sixth,eighty-nine→eighty-ninth5．序数词用来表示事物的顺序，作定语时，前面要加定冠词the。HelivesonBfloor.A.fifthB.thefifth如果序数词之前已有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或every时,不用定冠词。如：Thisismyfirsttriptothecity.6．序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“又一；再一”。WehavetodoitBtime.A.thesecondB.asecond7．编号可用基数词也可用序数词，序号在前时用序数词表示，序号在后时用基数词表示，且通常大写首字母。如：LessonTwelve=thetwelfthlessonExerciseThree=thethirdexercise如果数字较长，一般不用序数词，且常用阿拉伯数字表示。如：79 HelivesatRoom648.8．分数的表达：先读分子，后读分母；分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1，分母用复数。AofthestudentsarefromtheUnitedStates,and_____arefromCanada.A.Twothirds;onethirdB.Twothree;onethree9．时刻表达法:一是按顺序，先读钟点数，再读分钟数；二是用介词past表示几点过几分（不超过半小时）或用to表示差几分到几点（超过半小时，还差多少分到下一个钟点）。--Whattimeisit?--It’sB(2:40).A.fortypasttwoB.twentytothree10．英语中年、月、日的表达顺序为“日、月、年（英）”或“月、日、年（美）”。日期用序数词的缩写形式，读时在前加the。--What’sthedatetoday?--It’sB.A.2008August8thB.August8th,2008备考兵法重点、难点（１）基数词、序数词的构成及用法。（２）基数词与序数词的转化。（３）时刻表达法。（４）年、月、日的表达方法及其与之相关的介词搭配。（5）分数、小数表达法。（6）hundreds/thoudands/millions/billionsof表概数的用法。识记巩固I．写出下列各词的基数词或序数词。1.fifthfive2.threethird3.twelvetwelfth4.seventiethseventy5.fifteenfifteenth6.twenty-ninetwenty-ninth7.eightyeightieth8.onefirst9.forty-twoforty-second10.eightheightII．翻译下列词组。1．中山路98号98ZhongshanRoad2．第168房间Room1683．第九单元theninthunit4．在11点45分ataquartertotwelve5．在2008年5月12日onMay12th,20086．在1949年10月inOctober,19497．615米高threehundredandfifteenmetreshigh8．在20世纪90年代inthe1990’s/1990s9．2/5的绵羊twofifthsofthesheep10．成千上万的学生thousandsofstudents典例解析例1–Zhanjiangisreallyabeautifulcity,isn’tit?--Yes,________travelersliketocomehereforavisit.A.thousandsofB.thousandofC.thousand　D.threethousands易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查数词thousand表示不确切数量的用法。当thousand前面有one,two,three等基数词修饰，表示确切的数量时，后面不能加-s,不用of,如:twothousandpeople；若表示不确切的数量，须用“thousandsof+复数名词”的形式，故A项正确。hundred,million,billion等词的用法与此相同。变式训练________（千）ofvisitorswillcometoBeijingtoattendtheOlympicGames.答案为Thousands。此处thoudandsof表示不确切数量。例2--Howoldisyourdaughter?--________,wehadaspecialpartyforher______birthdaylastSunday.A.Nine;nineB.Nine;ninthC.Ninth;ninthD.Ninth;nine易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查基数词和序数词的基本用法。基数词表示数的多少，序数词则表示顺序“第几”。据此第一空填Nine（基数词）表示年龄；第二空填ninth（序数词）表示顺序（第9个）。例3Areportsaysthattheworldpopulationwillpasssixbillionbytheendof_____century.A.twentiethB.twentyC.thetwentiethD.thetwentyth易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查序数词在句中作定语的用法。序数词作定语时，其前通常要加定冠词the,因此先排除A、B。又因整十数字的序数词的构成是将基数词尾的y变为ie，再加th。故选C。变式训练It’snecessaryforyoutolearn_____secondlanguage.A.theB.aC.an答案为B。按照语法规则，序数词之前一般用定冠词the，可有时序数词前却用不定冠词a。此处的a意为“又一”。“再一”。全句意为“对于你来说，再学一门外语是必要的。”例4Theoldmanbegantolearntodriveacarattheageof______.A.sixtyB.thesixtiethC.sixthyearsoldD.sixties易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查岁数表达法。当表示“在某人……岁”时，用“attheageof+基数词”来表达;当表示“在某人几十多岁”时,用“inone’s+整十数词的复数形式”来表示。故本题选A。例5Decemberisthe______monthoftheyear.(twelve)易错点剖析答案为twelfth。本题考查的是基数词与序数词的转化。句意为“十二月是这年的第十二个月份。”“第十二”是序数词，twelve的序数词为twelfth。变式训练Ithinkthe________(第六)lessonisthemostdifficultofall.79 答案为sixth。中考热身(C)1.Thereare________monthsinayear.Octoberisthe________month.【2009·广东】A.twelve:tenB.twelfth;tenthC.twelve;tenthD.twelfth;ten(A)2.________ofthemoneyhasbeenspentrecyclingtherubbish.【2009·黑龙江绥化】A.ThreefifthsB.ThirdfifthsC.threefifth(C)3.Itisreportedthat________peopleintheworldaresufferingfromtheH1N1flu.【2009·山东泰安】A.severalthousandsofB.tenthousandsC.thousandsofD.thousands(C)4.–HaveyouseentheCCTVnewsonTV?--Yes,________childrenhadagoodfestivalonthe________Children’sDay.【2009·湖北黄冈】A.millionsof;sixtyB.tenmillions;sixtyC.millionsof;sixtiethD.tenmillions;sixtieth5.ThefamousDonaldDuckhadhiss________（第七十五）onJune9ththisyear.【2009·安徽芜湖】迎考精练基础过关训练(A)1.Awartookplacein________.A.the1720’sB.1720sC.1720’sD.the1720(D)2.–I’velookedforittwice,butIhaven’tfoundit.--Whynottry_____?A.threetimesB.onceC.thirdtimeD.athirdtime(B)3.Thereare_____ofstudentsinourschoolbutonly_____ofthemaregirls.A.hundreds;twohundredsB.hundreds;twohundredC.hundred;twohundredD.hundred;twohundreds(B)4.Nowchildren,turntoPage____andlookatthe_____pictureinLessonTwo..A.Eightieth;oneB.Eighty;firstC.Eighty;oneD.Eightieth;first(A)5.TheOlympicGamesareheld_____.　　　A.everyfouryears　B.everyfouryearC.everyfourthyears　D.everyfour-years(B.)6.Doyouwanttobuy______ofbeef?　　　A.halfkiloB.halfakilo　　　C.akilohalf　D.ahalfkilo(C)7.Shegraduatedin_______of________century.A.thesixtieth;twentyB.sixty;thetwentiethC.thesixties;thetwentiethD.sixty;twenty(C)8.Father’sDayison________SundayofJune.A.threeB.thirdC.thethirdD.thethree(A)9.ItissaidthegravityonMarsisonlyabout________ofthegravityonEarth.A.three-eighthsB.third-eighthC.three-eightsD.third-eights能力提升训练I．根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。1.Thebridgeisaboutfivehundredmetreslong(500米长).2.Theplanetakesoffataquarterpasttwelve(十二点一刻).3.Manypeoplewereluckyenoughtowatchthetotalsolareclipse（日全食）onJulytwenty-second,2009(在2009年7月22日).4.–What’sthetimenow?-Itisfivetosix(5:55).5.Myfatherbegantolearnaforeignlanguageinhisforties(他40多岁时).6.Thisstreetisthreetimes(三倍)widerthanthatone.7.The11thFive-YearPlan(五年计划)supportspublicandprivateeducationinmostpartofChina.8.Mr.Whiteisalwaysthefirst(第一个)togettohisoffice.9.Threefourths/quarters(四分之三)ofthestudentspassedtheexamination.10.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday(一天三次)andyou’llbeallrightsoon.四代词复习指要知识梳理1．人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he,she,ithim,her,ittheythem2．人称代词的用法格功能例句主格主语Welovepeace.我们热爱和平。宾格宾语Thesungivesuslightandheat.太阳给我们提供光和热。Hisparentsarelookingforhim.他的父母正在找他。表语Whoisit?It’sme.谁呀？是我。３．物主代词种类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称79 形容词性myyourhis,her,itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis,hers,itsoursyourstheirs３．反身代词人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself,herself,itselfthemselves5．指示代词单数复数近指thisthese远指thatthose6．疑问代词疑问代词作用例句who　谁作主语，指人Whowasthefirsttolandonthemoon?谁是第一个登上月球的?whom谁作宾语，指人Whomareyouwaitingfor?你们在等谁？whose谁的指所属关系，作定语（后接名词）或表语Whosedictionaryisthis?（定语）这是谁的词典？Whoseisthisumbrella?（表语）这把雨伞是谁的？which哪个；哪些指人或物在一定范围限制之内进行选择，作定语Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?茶和咖啡，你更喜欢哪个？　Whichofthenovelsdoyoulikebest?你最喜欢其中哪一本小说？what　什么通常指物，也可指人，一般用在未指出范围的情况，作主语、表语、宾语和定语Whatisyouraddress?（主语）你的地址是什么？Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?（宾语）在画上你能看见什么？Whatdaywasityesterday?（定语）　昨天星期几？7．不定代词初中阶段应掌握的不定代词有：some,any,many,much,little,alittle,few,afew,every,each,both,all,either,neither,none,no,one,other,another以及下列表中的复合不定代词：somebody（某人）anybody（任何人）nobody（没有人）everybody（每人）someone（某人）anyone（任何人）noone（没有人）everyone（每人）something（某事）anything（任何事）nothing（没有东西）everything（每一件事）8．不定代词的用法功能例句主语Nothingcanpreventmefromdoingit.没有什么能阻止我做这件事。宾语Hetoldmeeverything.他告诉了我一切。表语It’snothingserious.不严重。定语Therearesomecupsonthetable.桌上有一些茶杯。同位语TomandJackbothmadegreatprogress.汤姆和杰克都有很大进步。9．代词it的用法　　功能　　　　　　　　例句代替上文出现过的事物Theschoolbagonthedeskisnotmine.ItisMary’s.桌上的那个书包不是我的。它是玛丽的。代替指示代词this或that--What’sthis?这是什么？--It’sacarema.　是相机。指代婴儿或不明身份的人Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasegoandseewhoitis.有人在敲门。请去看看是谁。指时间或季节　Whattimeisitnow?现在几点了？Itishalfpastten.　　１０点半。指天气Itisfinetoday.Let’sgoforawalk.今天天气不错，咱们去散散步吧。指距离Itisabouttwohours’drivetogettotheshoppingcentre.到那家购物中心要两个小时的车程。作形式主语ItisnecessaryforustolearnEnglishwell.对我们来说，学好英语是必要的。It’stimetohavelunch./It’stimeforlunch.现在该吃午饭了。　Itseemsthatheisquitehappy.他看起来很高兴。作形式宾语Ithinkitwrongtobelazy.我认为懒惰是不对的。TheyfinditveryinterestingtolistentothenewsinVOA.他们发现每天听美国之音的新闻很有趣。用于强调句型ItwasthismorningthatIhadatalkwithhim.就是在今天上午我和他谈了话。10．相互代词有两个:eachother和oneanother。11．连接代词有that,if,whether,what,which,who,whom,whose等，用于引导宾语从句。12．关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等，用于引导定语从句。考点聚焦1．人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语和表语时用宾格。Aisagoodstudent.Alltheteacherslike_____verymuch.A.She;herB.Her;she2．当主语为并列的几个人称代词时，单数按“you,he/she,I”人称排列,复数按“we,you,they”人称排列。①BwillflytoAustralianextMonday..A.I,heandyouB.You,heandI②Ahavebeeninvitedtotheparty.79 A.We,youandtheyB.You,theyandwe·但在承认过失、表示不吉祥的事或有不好的意思时，单数按“I,he/she,you”排列，复数按“we,you,they”排列。Baretoblame.A.MaryandIB.IandMary3．形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，后需跟名词。形容词性物主代词接own之后，可跟名词，也可不跟。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中主语、表语或宾语。在双重所有格中须用名词性物主代词。①ThisisBdictionary,not_____.A.my;yourB.my;yours②DoyouhaveacarofAown?A.yourB.yours③Mr.WangisaneighbourofB.A.theirB.theirs4．反身代词通常在句中作宾语、表语或同位语，表示动作回到主语本身，所以它应与动作发出者保持人称和数一致。①Marysawherselfinthemirror.（宾语）②Weareoldenoughtolookafterourselves.(宾语)③I’mnotfeelingmyself.(表语)④Mr.Smithhimselfwillgotoseemyparents.(同位语)5．带有反身代词的惯用语有：allbyoneself独自地；孤独地behaveoneself举止规矩calloneself自称dressoneself自己穿衣devoteoneselfto献身于enjoyoneself玩得高兴expressoneself表达seatoneself就座helponeselfto请随便吃saytooneself自言自语leaveonebyoneself把某人单独留下teachoneself=learnsth.byoneself自学lookafteroneself=takecareofoneself自己照顾自己makeoneselfathome不拘束loseoneselfin沉溺于killoneself自杀buyoneselfsth.给自己买东西PleasehelpCtosomefish,boys.A.youB.yourselfC.yourselves6．this和these一般用于指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that和those一般用于指时间或空间上较远的人或物。在打电话时，询问对方是谁用that，介绍自己是谁用this。this指后面要讲到的事情，that指前面讲到过的事情。that,those在一些句型中代替前面的名词以避免重复。①--Hello.IsBMrs.Blackspeaking?--_____isMrs.Black.A.this;ThisB.that;This②TheweatherinKunmingisbetterthanBinChangchun.A.thisB.that③TheradiosmadeinShanghaiareasgoodasAmadeinNanjing.A.thoseB.these7.复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语必须后置。IhaveAtotellyou.A.somethingimportantB.importantsomething。8．复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。noone,anyone,nobody等不能与of连用。①NobodyBontheisland.A.liveB.lives②Bofuswenttothefilmyesterday.A.NooneB.None9．在something,anything,nothing,everything作主语的反意疑问句中，附加问句的主语用it;somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody等作主语时,附加问句的主语通常用they代替。①Everythinghedoesiswrong,isn’tit?②Everyonewasexcitedaboutthewonderfulperformance,weren’tthey?10.常用不定代词的用法。（1）some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中，若要表示某种“建议”或“请求”，希望得到肯定的回答时应用some。any用于肯定句,表示“任何一个”或“三者之中其中之一”。some和any构成的复合不定代词用法与此相同。①--Haveyougotanybooks?--Yes,Ihavegotsome.②Iamthirty.Canyougivemesomewater?③Don’tworry.Thereisn’tBwrongwithyourleg.A.somethingB.anything④WouldyoulikeAtodrink,Jenny?A.somethingB.anything（2）many,much,alotof/lotsof都表示“许多”。many修饰或代替可数名词复数，much修饰或代替不可数名词；alotof/lotsof既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。①Manypeoplewantedtostayhere.②There’smuchwaterinthebottle.③Wehavelotsofworktodo.（3）few,afew,little,alittle均表示数量，但用法及表达意义有所不同，如下表所示：few修饰可数名词否定意义很少afew修饰可数名词肯定意义有几个,有一些little修饰不可数名词否定意义很少alittle修饰不可数名词肯定意义有一点,有一些①Theproblemisverydifficult,soAofuscanworkitout.A.fewB.afew②Hurryup!There’sBtimeleft.A.alittleB.little③–Arethereanyanimalsinthezoo?79 --Yes,B.A.alittleB.afew（4）all和both①both表示“两者都”，作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式；bothof后面接复数人称代词或复数可数名词。all指“三者或三者以上所有的，全体，一切”，作定语时，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词；allof后面跟复数可数名词或复数人称代词。Bothofmyparentsaredoctors.Allofthestudentsareworkinghardnow.Allthemoneyismine.②all和both作主语的同位语时，位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。YouAtooyoung.A.arebothB.bothareWeBtheexam.A.passedallB.allpassed（5）one/ones和itone和ones泛指任何人或物，可以在形容词和this,that等词后代替刚提过的可数名词，表示同类中的一个或几个；it是特指，指代上文出现过的某物。Mywatchisoutoforder.IhavetobuyB.A.itB.one（6）each和everyeach指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的每一个，强调个体,在句中充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式；作定语时，其后接单数可数名词；eachof后面跟复数可数名词或复数人称代词；every指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个，强调整体，在句中只能作定语,修饰单数可数名词。①Therearetreesandflowersoneachsideofthestreet.②Eachofthestudentswillgetabook.③Everystudentwantstoseethefilminourclass.（7）either和neithereither指“两者中的任何一个”，表示肯定意义；neither指“两者中一个也不，两者都不”，表示否定意义。这两个词在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作定语时，均修饰单数可数名词；either/neitherof后面跟复数可数名词或复数人称代词。①--Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?--B.I’djustlikeaglassofwater.A.EitherB.Neither②NeitherofthetwoanswersAright.A.isB.are(8)no和noneno表示“不；无”，只能用作形容词作定语，修饰不可数名词和可数名词单、复数，相当于nota或notany；none表示“没有人，任何人也不”，用作代词，相当于noone或notany,常同of连用，后面的宾语为不可数名词，复数可数名词或复数人称代词。none(of)代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数;代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数均可。①Thereisnowaterinthebottle.②Noneofthebooksis/areinteresting.（9）other,theother,others,theothers和anotherother指“两者中的另一个”，常与定冠词the连用，构成one……theother结构；others用于泛指，指“别的人或物”；theothers指“其余的人或物”；another指“三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个”。①Ihavetwobrothers.OneisadoctorandBisateacher.A.otherB.theother②Idon’tlikethisT-shirt.PleaseshowmeBone.A.theotherB.another③ChenLongisalwaysreadytohelpA.A.othersB.theothers④Herearefivebooks.OneisforHarry,youcantakeallB.A.othersB.theothers11．相互代词eachother指两者之间的“互相”；而oneanother用来指两者以上的人或事物的相互关系。①Thetwogirlsoftenhelpeachotherintheirlessons.②Theboysinthisclassliketobullyoneanother.12．it指代天气、时间、距离等。　Aisabouttwohundredkilometersfromourschooltothebigcity.A.ItB.That13．it作形式主语，代替不定式、动词-ing形式或从句。常用于“Itisone’sturntodosth.”,“Itseems/seemed+that从句”,“It’stimeforsth./It’stime(for)sb.todosth.“,“Itis+adj.+of/forsb.+todosth.”,“It’s+时间段+since+动词过去式”,“Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.”,“Itis/wassaid/told/reported/knownthat…”等固定句型。Aisnecessaryforustolearnasecondforeignlanguage.A.ItB.That14．it用作形式宾语，代替不定式、动词形式或从句。WefindBdifficulttotalktoourguestsabouttherecentevents.A.thatB.it15．特殊疑问句中疑问代词who,whom,what,whose,what,which等的用法。16．宾语从句中连接代词that,if,whether,what,which,who,whom,whose的用法。17．定语从句中关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which的用法。备考兵法　重点、难点　　（1）人称代词、物主代词的用法与区别。　　（2）反身代词的用法。（3）常用不定代词如some,any,both,all,either,neither,none,79 other,others,another,each,every的用法及辨析。　　（4）复合不定代词的用法及词义辨析。（6）疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词的用法。（7）代词it的特殊用法。识记巩固写出下列人称代词的主格或宾格形式。1.Ime2.youyou3.himhe4.sheher5.weus6.themtheyⅡ.写出下列形容词性物主代词的名词性物主代词。1.mymine2.youryours3.hishis4.herhers__5.ourours6.theirtheirsⅢ.写出下列人称代词的反身代词。1.Imyself2.youyourself3.hehimself4.sheherself5.ititself.6.youyourselves7.theythemselves8.weourselves典例解析例１–DoyouknowAlice?--Yes.Iknow________verywell.A.sheB.herC.herselfD.hers易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查人称代词宾格的用法。题干中动词know后应接人称代词宾格作宾语，故选B。例２–Thepetdoginyourhandisverynice.Isit________?--Yes,butI’llgiveittomyfriend,Lucyas________birthdaypresent.A.you;herB.yoiurs;hersC.yours;herD.you;hers易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查形容词性和名词性物主代词的用法区别。前者问：“它是你的吗?”此处没有出现名词，可知应用名词性物主代词。“她的生日礼物”应用形容词性物主代词,故选C。变式训练Imetanoldfriendof________(I)intheSummerPalacelastSunday.答案为mine。双重所有格中必须使用名词性物主代词。 例3–I’mleavingfortheexam.Bye-bye,Mum.--Well,makesureyou’vegot________ready.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查复合不定代词的辨析。根据句意：“确保你准备好所有的东西。”故选C。变式训练--There’s________withmyeyes.--Don’tworry.Letmehelpyou.A.wrongnothingB.nothingwrongC.wrongsomethingD.somethingwrong答案为D。当复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语必须后置，据此可排除A、C两项。根据题目中的答语“别担心,让我来帮你。”可知第一句意为：“我的眼睛有些问题。”故选择D项。例4–Whowillsendyoutothenewschool,yourmumoryourdad?--_________.I’llgotherealone.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查不定代词的辨析。先弄清词义：both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中任何一个”；neither意为“两者中一个也不”；none意为“三者或以上都不。回答者说“我将一个人去”，可知前句应为“两个都不”，故选C。例5Whentakingthefinalexamhekeptsayingto______,“Becareful.”A.hisB.himC.himselfD.herself易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查反身代词作宾语的用法。题干中…hekepttosayingto…意为“……他不断地对自己说……”,此处应用saytooneself。当反身代词作宾语时，其人称和数均与主语保持一致，故选C项。变式训练Help________(you),mychildren.Thecakeisdelicious.答案为yourselves。此处考查固定表达helponeselfto，且句中所指对象为mychildren。例6There’s_______milkathome.Wehavetobuysomethisafternoon.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查不定代词little和few的用法。little（含否定意味）和alittle（含肯定意味）只能修饰不可数名词；few（含否定意味）和afew(含肯定意味)只能修饰可数名词。题干中milk为不可数名词，据此可排除C、D两项。根据题干中第二句：“我们今天下午得去买一些。”可知第一句意为：“家里几乎没有牛奶了。”故选B。例7ThemachinesmadeinChinaarecheaperthan______madeinJapan.A.onesB.thatC.thoseD.it易错点剖析答案为C。比较级结构中，为了避免than前后比较的东西的重复，than后常用指示代词that或those来代替与前面一样比较的东西。如果比较的是单数，后面就用that ;如果比较的是复数应用those。题干中machines为复数，故本题选C。例8Don’tyouthink________importanttoprotectourearth?A.itB.thisC.thatD.one易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查it作形式宾语的用法。从题干中可知think的真正宾语是“toprotectourearth”，但是它却置于句尾，那么就只能借助“it”放在think后作形式宾语，故选A。中考热身(C)1.Inourclass,thereare55students,butonlyeightof________havepassedtheexam.【2009·广东茂名】A.whomB.thatC.themD.they(D)2.–Helenhastwosistersandabrother.Herbrotherisworking,79 but________hersistersarestillatschool.【2009·山东临沂】A.neitherB.eitherC.allD.both(B)3.--HowcanImakefriendsinanewschool?--Sayhelloto________toyoutoday,andyoucanhaveafriendtomorrow.【2009·黑龙江哈尔滨】A.newsomeoneB.someonenewC.newanyone(C)4.–Excuseme.Iwanttobuysomemilk.WherecanIfindasupermarket?--Oh,Iknow________notfarfrommyhome.【2009·四川成都】A.itB.thatC.one(B)5.–Whatr’swrongwithMary?--Shefelloff________bikeandhurt________badly.【2009·黑龙江绥化】A.her;herB.her;herselfC.hers;her(C)6.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn’t________news.【2009·广东广州】A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few迎考精练基础过关训练(B)1.–Wouldyoulike____coffee?--Yes,I’dlike_____.A.any;anyB.some;someC.some;anyD.any;some(B)2.–Doyouhaveanythingimportanttosayforyourself?--_________exceptsorry.A.SomethingB.NothingC.AnythingD.Everyhting(C)3.-Bettyboughtthreesweatersand_______ofthemarered.Redisherfavouritecoloue.A.bothB.neitherC.allD.none(D)4.Anoldfriendofmysister’salwayshelpsmybrotherand_____with_____English.A.I;ourB.me;ourselvesC.I;myD.me;our(A)5.–Wehavefivekindsofschoolbags.Doyoulikethisone?--No,canyoushowme________?A.anotherB.eachotherC.theotherD.other(A)6.–Whoissinginginthenextroom?--______mustbeMarie.A.ItB.SheC.ThisD.There(D)7.–Whohelpedyourepairyourbike?--________!Irepaireditallbymyself.A.AnybodyB.EverybodyC.SomebodyD.Nobody(C)8.Shehaswrittenalotofbooks,but______goodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many(C)9.Yourdigitalwatchisquitenice.Wheredidyoubuy_____?Iwanttobuy_____.A.one;oneB.it;itC.it;oneD.one;it(D)10.–Isthenovel“JourneytotheWest”________book?--No,it’sHelen’s.Ileft________athome.A.your;myB.yours;mineC.you;itD.your;mine能力提升训练Ⅰ.根据所给汉语完成句子，每空一词。1.Weshouldhelpeachother(互相帮助).2.Eachofus(我们每个人)hasgotanameofourown（我们自己的）3.Ihavetwosons,butneitherofthem(他们都不)isathome4.Mysisterhastwoskirts.Oneisyellowandtheotherone(另外一条)isblack..5.Itisknownthat(众所周知)anotherbridgeacrosstheChangjiangRiverwillbebuiltnextyear.Ⅱ.改正下列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.Allofhisparentsareexcellentengineers.All→Both2.Whatdoyouprefer,hamburgersornoodles?What→Which3.NooneofuslikestostayathomewatchingTVthewholeday.Noone→None4.–Whoisthatmanoverthere?--Oh,heisanoldfriendofme.me→mine5.DidyouseespecialanythinginTony’sbedroom?specialanything→anythingspecial6.Whenhesawsomethingunusualonthefloor,hepickedthemup.them→it五形容词、副词复习指要知识梳理1．形容词、副词的句法功能种类功能例句形容词定语Englishisanimportantsubjectinmiddleschool.英语在中学是一门重要学科。表语Hisadviceisquiteuseful.他的建议十分有用。宾语补足语Thegoodnewsmadethechildrenveryhappy.这则好消息使孩子们非常高兴。主语Thegoodarehappy.善者长乐。宾语Weshouldrespecttheoldandlovetheyoung.我们应该尊老爱幼。副词状语It’srainingheavily.雨下得很大。Youarequiteright.你非常正确。定语AllthestudentsherecomefromEngland.这里所有的学生都是英国人。表语Myunclehasbeenawayfortwomonths.我叔叔已离开两个月了。宾语补足语It’scoldoutside.Letallthechildrenin.外面很冷，让所有孩子们都进来吧。2．副词的分类79 副词分类例词时间副词now,then,today,yesterday,tomorrow,tonight,already,yet,just,before,ago,soon,recently,once地点副词here,there,home,out,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,somewhere,everywhere频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,once,never,ever程度副词much,very,so,quite,rather,fairly,alittle,abit,too,terribly,badly,enough,nearly,almost,mostly,hardly方式副词well,slowly,hard,badly,carefully,quietly,quickly疑问副词how,when,where,why连接副词how,when,where,why,whether关系副词when,where,why其他副词also,too,either,only,perhaps,maybe3．形容词比较级、最高级构成规则构成方法原级比较级最高级规则变化单音节词在词尾加-er,-estgreatroughgreaterroughergreatestroughest单音节词以不发音的e结尾只加-r,-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母再加-er,-estbighotfatthinwetbiggerhotterfatterthinnerwettterbiggesthottestfattestthinnestwettest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先变y为i再加-er,-estangryeasyhappyangriereasierhappierangriesteasierhappiest以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词，在末尾加-er,-estclevernarrowcleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在原级前加more,mostcarefuldeliciousmorecarefulmoredeliciousmostcarefulmostdelicious不规则变化good/wellbad/illmany/muchlittlefaroldbetterworsemorelessfarther/furtherolder/elderbestworstmostleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest4．副词比较级、最高级构成规则构成方法原级比较级最高级规则变化单音节及个别双音节词，在词尾加-er,-esthardlateearlyharderlaterearlierhardestlatestearliest大多数副词在原级前加more,mostoftenquicklycarefullymoreoftenmorequicklymorecarefullymoreoftenmorequicklymorecarefully不规则变化wellbadlymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther/furtherbestworstmostleastfarthest/furthest５．形容词和副词的原级、比较级、最高级的用法句型意义例句as+原级+as两者比较，程度相同JohnisashonestasMike.约翰和迈克一样诚实。Thismatchisasexcitingasthatone.这场比赛和那场比赛一样令人激动。TomlistenstotheteacherascarefullyasMary.汤姆听老师讲课和玛丽一样仔细。notas(so)+原级+as两者相比，一方不及另一方Therearenotas(so)manybooksinourlibraryasinyours.我们图书馆的书没有你们的多。Ican’tspeakEnglishas(so)fastasyou.我说英语不像你那样快。倍数+原级+as…as是……的……倍Ourgardenistentimesasbigastheirs.我们的花园是他们的十倍大。Thisstreetistwiceaslongasthatone.这条街比那条街长一倍。less+原级+than……不如……Thefilmislessinterestingthanthenovel.这部电影不如小说有趣。Ithinkphysicsislessdifficultthanmaths.我认为物理没有数学难。比较级+than两者相比，一方超过另一方Healthismoreimportantthanwealth.健康比财富更重要。Mymotherusuallygetsupearlierthanothers.我妈妈通常比别人起得早。比较级+and+比较级或moreandmore+原级越来越……Theearthisgettingwarmeranrwarmer.地球变得越来越暖和。Theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedincollectingstamps.他们对集邮越来越感兴趣。Hedoeshishomeworkmoreandmorecarefully.他做作业越来越仔细。the+比较级…,the越……，就越……Thehigherthegroundis,thethinnerairbecomes.地势越高，空气越稀薄。Theharderyoustudy,themoreyou79 +比较级learn.你越努力，就越学得多。具体实物、数字、倍数等+比较级+than形容词与具体倍数等的比较HeisaheadtallerthanI.他比我高一头。Thiscityisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.这座城市比那座城市大三倍。YoungTomisfiveyearsolderthanhissister.年轻的汤姆比他的妹妹大五岁。the+比较级+ofthetwo…两者中较……的Bobisthetallerofthetwoboys.鲍勃是两个男孩中较高的一个。Sheboughtthecheaperofthetwohats.她买了两顶帽子中较便宜的那顶。the+形容词最高级+介词短语（比较范围）(三者或三者以上)中最……的AutumnisthebestseasontovisitBeijing.秋天是参观北京最好的季节。Jim’sboxistheheaviestofall.在所有的箱子中吉姆的箱子最重。Thisbookisthemostexpensiveamongthelibrarybooks.这本书是图书馆藏书中最贵的。oneof+形容词最高级+名词复数最……的……之一ZhouJielunisoneofthemostpopularsingers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌星之一。BillGatesisoneoftherichestpersonintheworld.比尔·盖茨是世界上最富有的人之一。副词最高级+介词短语（比较范围）（三者或三者以上）中最……Billdrivesmostcarefullyofallthedrivers.在所有这些司机中，比尔驾驶最小心。Annstudies(the)hardestamongthefivegirls.在这五个女孩中，安学习最努力。Marydoesbestinphysicsinherclass.玛丽在班上物理学得最好。序数词+最高级第几最……TheHainanIslandisthesecondlargestislandinChina.海南岛是中国的第二大岛屿。考点聚焦1．形容词、副词的用法区别：形容词主要用于修饰名词或代词，作定语，或在be,get,seem,look,taste,feel,smell,sound等连系动词后作表语；副词用于修饰形容词、副词、动词，在句中作状语。形容词词尾加-ly变为副词。①TheclothfeelsAandsells_____.A.good;wellB.well;well②LillyisaAgirl.Shealwaysdoesherhomework_____.A.careful;carefullyB.carefully;careful2．形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词时，要放在这些不定代词后面。当形容词修饰数量词作定语时，也放在所修饰词的后面。①Let’sgiveherBtoeat.A.differentsomethingB.somethingdifferent②ThebridgeisaboutA.A.twothousandmetreslongB.longtwothousandmetres3．else只能做后置定语，修饰疑问代词what,who,whom,whose和不定代词something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody等。DidAcomewithJames?A.anyoneelseB.elseanyone4．有些形容词如afraid,alone,asleep,awake,alive,ill,well(健康的)等只能作表语。Gointotheroom,youcanseeB.A.anasleepchildB.asleepingchild5．“the+（某些修饰人的）形容词”泛指一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数。AaretakengoodcareofinAustralia.A.TheoldB.Anold6．–ed分词作形容词，常与表示“人”的主语连用，说明人的感觉如何；-ing分词作形容词，常与表示“事物”的主语连用，说明某事物令人怎样。HeisBaboutthepictures.Theyare_____.A.exciting;excitedB.excited;exciting7．形容词作宾语补足语，常与动词make,leave,keep等连用。　LiLei’swordsmadeherA.A.angryB.angrily8．表示确定时间的时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如果句末同时出现几个副词，其顺序为：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词，且地点按从小到大的顺序排列。①ThestudentsdidtheirhomeworkB.A.hereyesterdayquicklyB.quicklyhereyesterday②HewasborninA.A.Cambridge,Englandin1970B.1970,inEngland,Cambridge9．频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,never等一般放在实义动词和除be以外的连系动词前，be动词、情态动词及助动词之后。①TheyAlateforschool.A.arealwaysB.alwaysare②HeBtoworkbybus.A.goesusuallyB.usuallygoes10.常用频度副词的区别：always意为“一直；总是”，是表示频率最高的词；usually意为“通常”，即很少例外，多用于一般现在时或一般过去时；often意为“经常”，在频度上不如usually那么频繁；sometimes意为“有时；时而”，多用来说明现在或过去的行为；seldom“很少，不常”，频度极低，几乎没有；never意为“从来没有；绝不”，频度等于零。WealllikeMissGaobecausesheisBfriendlytous.A.neverB.alwaysC.sometimes11．enough作为副词时，总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后。ThebookisAforTom.79 A.difficultenoughB.enoughdiffcult12．too,also,aswell,either的区别：too、aswell和also用于肯定句，too和aswell一般用于肯定句中，用于句尾，also位于句中，置于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实义动词之前；either用于否定句句尾。①SheBtobeadoctorinthefuture.A.wantsalsoB.alsowants②Wedon’tlikethesamecolors,B.A.tooB.either13．sometime,sometimes,sometime,sometimes的区别：sometime“某个时间”，用于一般过去时和将来时中；sometimes“有时”，用于一般现在时中；sometime是名词短语，意为“一段时间”；sometimes表示“几次、几倍”。①Iwillvisityousometimenextweek.②Inholidaysshesometimesgetsupverylate.③Wewaitedforhimsometime.④TheyhavebeentoGuilinsometimes.14．howlong,howsoon,howoften,howfar等的区别：howlong意为“多长时间”，就“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”提问；howsoon意为“多久以后”，就in引起的将来时间提问；howoften意为“多长时间一次”，就频率提问；howfar意为“多远”，就距离提问。①--Bdoyouwritetoyourfriend?--Onceaweek.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.Howsoon②--Cwilltheyfinishbuildingthenewbridge?--Inoneandahalfyears.A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.Howsoon15．比较级之前用much,alot,abit,alittle,still,far,even,any,等副词修饰，用来表示比较级的程度。ThefilmisAinterestingthanthatone.A.muchmoreB.much16．比较对象要相呼应，相比内容必须相同，相比对象可用one,that,those或do代替。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanB.A.ChengduB.thatofChengdu17．在同一范围内进行比较，要将自己本身除外，常用“比较级+thananyother+单数名词”表示“比其他任何一个都……”，可与最高级转换。①ChinaislargerthanBcountryinAsia.A.anyB.anyother②Heisclevererthananyotherboyinhisclass.=Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.18．形容词或副词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较，通常必须有in,of构成的短语表示某个范围。形容词最高级之前必须加the,副词最高级之前的the可省略。当形容词前已有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不再用定冠词。①LucyisBgirlinherclass.A.mostcarefulB.themostcareful②YesterdaywashisBday.A.thebusiestB.busiest19．最高级之前可用序数词修饰，表示“第几最……”。TheYellowRiverisAriverinChina.A.thesecondlongestB.twolong20．“oneofthe+形容词最高级＋名词复数”表示“最……的之一”PhelpsisoneofAintheworld.A.themostfamousswimmersB.famousswimmers21．“特殊疑问句+比较级，AorB?”“特殊疑问句+最高级，A,BorC?”表选择。WhichsubjectdoyoulikeB,English,Chineseormaths?A.betterB.best　　备考兵法重点、难点　　（1）形容词、副词的用法及区别。（2）形容词、副词的词义辨析。（3）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成。（4）形容词、副词原级、比较级和最高级的常用句型、特殊句型。（5）比较级、最高级之间的转换。（6）形容词、副词的固定搭配。识记巩固Ⅰ.写出下列各词的比较级和最高级形式。1.strongstrongerstrongest.2.latelaterlatest3.wetwetterwettest_4.friendlyfriendlierfriendliest5.muchmoremost6.littlelessleast7.relaxingmorerelaxingmostrelaxing8.carelesslymorecarelesslymostcarelessly9.oftenmoreoftenmostoften10.badlyworseworstⅡ.写出下列形容词的副词形式。1.slowslowly2.widewidely3.freefreely4.happyhappily5.easyeasily6.angryangrily7.quickquickly8.truetruly9.usualusually10.wonderfulwonderfully典例解析例1Thetrafficissoheavy!Youshoulddrive________thanbefore.A.veryquicklyB.morequicklyC.verycarefullyD.morecarefully.79 易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查副词比较级的用法。由题干中thanbefore可知该使用比较级。根据句意：“交通很拥堵，你应比以前开得更仔细些。”故选D。变式训练1--Let’sgotothenewrestauranton24thStreetfordinnertonight.--Wecancookitathome.It’s______.A.expensiveB.moreexpensiveC.lessexpensiveD.themostexpensive答案为C。本题考查隐含意义的比较级。题干中没有than，但题目中“去新餐厅吃饭”和“在家里做饭”含有比较的意思,该用比较级，因此排除A、D两个选项。再根据一般情况,“在家做饭”没有“在餐厅吃饭”那么贵,C项应为正确答案。变式训练2It’sbelievedthat_______youwork,________resultyou’llget.A.theharder;thebetterB.thehardest;thebestC.thegreater;theworseD.themore;themore答案为A。本题考查比较级的特殊用法：“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示“越……，就越……”。由句意“你工作越努力，取得的效果越好。”故选A。变式训练3--Thispairofshoesistootight.CouldItryapairina________(big)size?--Ofcourse.Heryouare.答案为bigger。根据题意：“这双鞋子太紧了。我能试一双大一点的吗？”此处big应用比较级bigger。例2–WhatdoyouthinkofNaning?--Itis________cityinGuangxi.A.verybeautifulB.morebeautifulC.mostbeautifulD.themostbeautiful易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查形容词最高级的用法。根据句意：“它是广西最美丽的城市。”应用最高级。又因为形容词最高级之前要加定冠词the，故选D。变式训练Tian’anmenSquareisoneof________squaresintheworld.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.thelargest答案为D。本题考查形容词最高级的常用句型：“oneof+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的之一”。例3Theboyreadthearticle________andfoundsomethingimportantinit.A.carefulenoughB.carefullyenoughC.enoughcarefulD.enoughcarefully易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查形容词和副词的用法区别以及enough修饰副词的用法。题干中谓语动词read为行为动词，故应用副词carefully修饰。当enough修饰副词时，应置于其后，故选B。变式训练--WhereisPeterfrom?--HeisFrench,ifIremember________(correct).答案为correctly。因为所填词用于修饰行为动词remember，应用副词形式。形容词词尾加-ly变为副词。例4–Ididn’tknowyoutakeabustoschool.--Oh,I________takeabus,butitissnowingtoday.A.hardlyB.neverC.sometimesD.usually易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查频度副词的用法辨析。hardly意为“几乎不”,never意为“从来不”,sometimes意为“有时”,usually意为“通常”。根据句意：“我原来不知道你乘公交车去上学。”“我几乎不乘公共汽车，但是今天下雨了。”故选A。例5Theywaitedandwaitedforsomething_______tohappen.A.exciteB.excitedC.excitingD.toexcite易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查形容词的辨析。句中exciting作定语修饰something表示“激动人心的事情”，故选C。例6Thoughtheplayerisoverthirty,hecanstillrun______someyoungerplayers.A.asfastasB.sofastasC.muchfastthanD.morefasterthan易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查副词在同级比较中的用法。题干中前半句为“这个选手虽然三十多岁了”，后半句可以是“…仍然和一些年轻点的选手跑得一样快”或“他仍然比一些年轻点的选手跑得快”,但C、D两项中比较级形式均不正确，因此排除比较级，选择同级比较。英语中，同级比较的肯定句要用“as+原级+as”的结构，故选A。中考热身(B)1.–Thecakelooks________.--Yes,andittasteseven_______.【2009·广东深圳】A.well;goodB.nice;betterC.good;worseD.better;best(C)2.Yourstoryisperfect.Thisis________I’veeverheard.【2009·四川乐山】A.thegoodoneB.thebetteroneC.thebestone(C)3.–________weplant,________ourcitywillbe.【2009·河南】A.Themoretrees;thebeautifulB.Thelesstrees;themorebeautifulC.Themoretrees;themorebeautifulD.Thelesstrees;thebeautiful(B)4Nowthetrainserviceisverygood.Thetrainsare________ontime.【2009·山东临沂】A.hardlyB.alwaysC.neverD.sometimes(C)5.Jim’sfatherwasvery________withhimbecausetheheadteachersaidhewastoolazy.【2009·广西贵港】A.happyB.nervousC.angryD.excited(A)6.Theboydoesn’tspeak________hissister,buthiswrittenworkisverygood.【2009·广东广州】79 A.aswellasB.sogoodasC.morebetterthanD.moreworsethan迎考精练基础过关训练(A)1.--Wouldyoupleasedrive________?Myplaneistakingoff.--I’dliketo,butsafetycomesfirst.A.fasterB.betterC.morecarefullyD.moreslowly(C)2.–Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?--Yes.Wewereall_______aboutthe_______match.A.exciting;excitedB.exciting;excitingC.excited;exciingD.excited;excited(B)3.Chinaisthethird______countryintheworld.A.largeB.largestC.largerD.aslargeas(C)4.–Whomwouldyouliketobeyourassistant,JackorDavid?--IfIhadtochoose,Davidwouldbe_____choice.A.goodB.betterC.thebetterD.thebest(B)5.–WhatdoyouthinkofthesitcomHomeWithKids?--It’svery______.Manychildrenlikewatchingit.A.boringB.funnyC.surprisingD.terrible(A)6.Believeyourself.You’rebetterthan________.You’rethebest.Wishyousuccess.A.anyoneelseB.someoneelseC.elseanyoneD.noonelse(B)7.--Ihaven’tseenGraceforalongtime.--Ihaven’tseenher,______.A.tooB.eitherC.insteadD.aswell(B)8._____youclimbupamountain,_____youbreathe.A.Higher;harderB.Thehigher;theharderC.Thehigh;thehardD.High;hard(C)9.ThemovieBatmanandJokeris_____onethatI’veeverseen..A.moreinterestingB.moreexcitedC.themostinterestingD.themostinterested(C)10.–Whyisthere_____noiseoutside?--Theworkersarepullingdowntheoldhouses.A.muchtooB.muchmoreC.somuchD.verymuch能力提升训练Ⅰ.根据所给汉语完成句子，每空一词。1.Couldyoutellmesomethingspecial（特别的事情）intoday’snewspaper?2.Youshouldbecleverenough(足够聪明)toworkouttheproblem..3.Shewastooexcited(太激动)tosayanythingatthemeeting.4.Thisisquiteacheapdictionary（相当便宜的字典）.Thepriceofitisthelowestofall.5.--Ithinkskiingisasinterestingasmountainbiking(和…..一样有趣).--Idon’tthinkso.IthinkEnglishismoredificult.II.将下列句子译成英语。1．现在天气变得越来越炎热了。It’sgettinghotterandhotternow2．这个杯里的水比那个杯里的水多。Thereismorewaterinthisglassthaninthatone.3．这项工作比你想的还要困难得多。Thisjobismuchmoredifficultthanyouthink.4．我们的工厂比他们的工厂大两倍。Ourfactoryistwicelargerthantheirs.5．物理、化学和数学，哪门学科最有用？Whichisthemostuseful,physics,chemistryormaths?六介词复习指要知识梳理1．常用介词分类分类例词表示时间in,on,at,between,till,until,by,since,for,from…to…,before,after,during,past,through表示方位in,at,on,above,below,over,under,by,beside,near,nextto,infrontof,before,after,behind,to,for,between,among,from,inside,outside,round,around表示运动方向to,towards,round,around,through,across,from…to…,into,onto,outof,off,along表示方式、手段或工具by,in,on,with其他to,like,unlike,of,for,except,besides,but,about,on,against,with,without,but,minus,plus,as,insteadof,apartfrom2．常用介词短语归纳类型例子afterschool放学后athome在家里atschool在学校atwork在工作atnoon在中午atnight在晚上atmidnight在午夜atthemoment在此刻atthesametime同时attheweekend在周末attimes有时，偶尔atbreakfast早餐时atdinner在吃正餐atthetable在桌子旁afterawhile过了一会儿allkindsof各种各样的bytheway顺便说bybus/car/plane,etc.乘公共汽车/汽车/飞机等byhand手工(制造)bythetime到……的时候byturns轮流bythedoor在门口bymistake错误地，误把……当成intheopenair在露天79 介词+名词forexample例如fromtimetotime有时inaword总而言之atatime一次inalowvoice小声地inahurry匆忙，急忙inbed卧床indanger在危险中inhospital住院inthehospital在医院intheend最后inthedistance在远处inpublic当众introuble处于困境insurprise惊奇地inorder整整齐齐inorder(to)以便innotime很快（就……）intown在城里inthemorning在上午inthepast在过去inthedaytime在白天inlife一生中inturn轮流intime及时infront前方，正对面inEnglish用英语inthefuture在将来infact事实上inone’sopinion以某人的观点inclass在课堂上largenumbersof许多的ofcourse当然ontheway在路上onSunday在星期天onshow/display展览,陈列onfire着火onfoot步行ontheotherhand另一方面onduty值日onbusiness出差；做生意onboard在船（飞机）上onholiday在度假onthetelephone在接（打）电话ontelevision通过电视ontime准时ontheleft/right在左边/右边onsale在出售onwatch值班，守夜onearth究竟ontheearth在地球上outofwork失业thanksto幸亏,由于toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是tosomeextent从某种程度上讲withpleasure高兴withone’shelp在某人的帮助下be+形容词+介词beamazedat对……感到惊讶beafraidof害怕beangrywith生（某人）的气bebusywith忙于……bebadfor对……有坏处bebornin出生于……becarefulabout小心befilledwith充满bedifferentfrom与……不同befullof充满begoodat擅长于begoodfor对……有好处beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋bekindto对……好befamousfor因……而出名befamousas作为……而出名belatefor迟到befriendlyto对……友好bepoliteto对…….有礼貌befarfrom离……远beinterestedin对……感兴趣besureof确信bepleasedwith对……感到满意beusedto习惯于bepopularwith受……欢迎besimilarto同……相似beproudof对……感到骄傲bereadyfor为……准备好besatisfiedwith对……满意　　beshortfor简称besorryfor为……抱歉bestrictin对（某事）严格bestrictwith对（某人）严格besuccessfulin在……成功besurprisedat对……惊奇betiredof对……厌倦beweakin在……薄弱beworriedabout为……担心动词+介词addto向……增加agreewith同意（某人意见）arrivein/at到达askfor请求，要……beginwith以…… 开始believein信任belongto属于bemadeof由……制成bemadefrom由……制成beusedfor被用来……borrow…from…从……借……comefrom来自comeinto走进callat过来，顺便来访callon(sb.)拜访(某人)changeinto变成checkin登记cover…with…用……覆盖……dieof/from死于……deal/dowith处置，对付dropoff放下dependon依靠fallbehind落后于，输给别人falloff从……落下feellike(doing)想要做fillin填写fill…with用……装getinto进入geton/off上车/下车getto 到达gotobed/sleep去睡觉gotoschool去上学gotocollege上大学gothrough穿过hearfrom收到(某人)的来信hearof听说hearabout听说help…with…帮助……做……knockat/on敲(门、窗等)knockinto敲进laughat嘲笑leavefor…出发去……learnfrom向……学lend…to… 把……借给……listento听……讲话liveon以……为食lookat看着lookfor寻找lookafter照料looklike看起来像lookaround向四处看lookoutof向……外看lookinto调查lookthrough浏览moveto搬到operateon做手术payfor付钱playwith和……一起pointat指着pointto指向prefer…to…更喜欢……runacross碰到,遇到sendfor派人去叫speakto对某人说shoutat对……叫嚷shoutto对……大声叫喊smileat对……微笑spend…on…在……上花费stop…fromdoing阻止……做talkabout谈论talkto/with与……谈话thinkabout考虑thinkof想出turn…into…把……变成……waitfor等候writeto写信给worryabout担心workon从事介词+名词atthefootof在……脚下onthetopof在……顶端ontheedgeof在……的边上inthemiddleof在……中间inthefrontof在……前部infrontof在……前面intheeastof在……东部bymeansof借助atthebeginningof起初attheendof在……结束时attheageof在……岁时attheheadof在……前头attheback79 +介词of在……后面inplaceof代替onone’swayto在……的路上bytheendof到……结束时atthebottomof在……底部ontheothersideof在……的另一边其他atfirst开始atleast至少alotof/lotsof许多；大量apairof一双；一对alistof一列，一栏anumberof许多plentyof许多alongwith与……一起comparedto和……相比较facetoface面对面的takepartin参加takecareof照顾，关心goonwith继续catchupwith赶上，超过geton/alongwith与某人相处goforaride去乘（骑……）lookforwardto盼望inadditionto除……以外dowellin在……做得好take/catchholdof抓住sayhelloto向……问好givelessonsto给……教训havenothingtodowith与……无关gostraightalong沿一直往前走doharmto对……造成伤害havealookat看……一眼comeupwith找到，提出（解决办法等）getreadyfor为……作准备helpyourselfto随便吃……giveone’slifeto献身于inspiteof尽管……payattentionto集中注意力于onone’sown独自，自己What/Howabout…?……怎么样？makeadifferenceto对……有影响/很重要makeprogresswith在……进步makefriendswith与……交朋友haveawordwith和某人说几句话getoutof从……内出来3．介词短语的句法功能功能例句定语Themaninthewhitecarisourforeignteacher.在白色小车里的那位男士是我们的外籍教师。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难朋友才是真正的朋友。状语TheywillcometovisitChinainafewdays.他们将在几天以后来访中国。Peoplecan’tlivewithoutairorwater.没有空气和水人类不能生存。表语YouandIarefromthesameworld.你和我来自同一个世界。Herparentsareatworknow.她的父母正在工作。宾补Youmustkeepthefoodinthefridge.你必须把食物保存在冰箱里。Ifoundeverythingingoodorder.我发现情况一切良好。考点聚焦1．in,on,at表时间in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节、在上午/下午/晚上/白天等；on用于表示具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等；at表示具体的时刻，用于几点钟等。①Heworksinthemorningandhasarestintheafternoon②Thepoorgirldiedonacoldwinternight..③Ioftenwakeupat6:30inthemorning.2．in,after表时间“in+一段时间”，表示以现在为起点，意为“一段时间之后”，用于一般将来时或过去将来时；“after+时间点或时间段”，指“在……以后”，接时间段时，多和过去时态连用，接时间点时，多和将来时态连用。①Shewillcomebackinhalfanhour.②Shewillcomebackafteroneo’clock.③Shecamebackafterthreedays.3．since,for,during表时间“since+时间点”，指从某时一直延续至今，意为“自从，自……以后”，通常与完成时态连用；“for+一段时间”，强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间，意为“已经多长时间了”，与多种时态连用。during连接表示某一特定时间的时间段，且起止分明。①Hehaslivedheresince1998.②Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.③Whatareyougoingtododuringthewinterholiday?4．till,until,by表时间till/until表示“到……为止，直到……之时，直至”，在肯定句中谓语动词要用延续性动词;在否定句中，not…until…意为“直到……才……”，谓语动词用短暂性动词。By表示“在……前；截至……”，用于将来时或完成时。①IknewBaboutituntilhetoldme.A.somethingB.nothing②WeAhereuntilyoucomeback.A.willstayB.willleave③HowmanyEnglishbookshadyoureadbytheendoflastyear?5．in,on,to表示“位于”in表示在某一地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；to表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）；on表示两地点相连或接壤。①JapanliesintheeastofAsiabuttotheeastofChina.②Mongolia(蒙古国)liesonthenorthofChina.6．in,at表地点表示“在某地”，at后接小地方，in后接大地方。①Whendidyouarriveatthetrainstation?②I’llcallyouassoonasIarriveinLondon.7．on,over,above表方位on意为“在……上面”，用于表面接触，指在一个平面上；over意为“在……之上”，表示垂直之上，表面不接触；above意为“在……之上”“高于……”，表示相对高度，不一定是在正上方。on79 和over的反义词都为under，above的反义词为below。①What’sonthetable?②Thereisabridgeovertheriver.③Theplaneflewabovetheclouds.8．infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在……之前（范围外）”；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部（范围内）”。①Therearesometreesinfrontofourclassroom.②Ourteacherusuallysitsinthefrontoftheclassroom.9．by,in,on表交通方式用by时，交通工具前不用任何限定词；用in或on时，交通工具前要用限定词。--Areyougoingtoschoolbybus?--No,wearegoinginMary’smother’scar.10．by,in,with,on表示手段或工具by表示用某种方式或手段（主要指交通工具或通讯工具），在名词前不加冠词，也可接动名词形式；in表示使用某种语言、声音或某种材料，语言、材料前不加冠词；with表示使用某种具体的工具；on表示“通过；以……方式”。①Hemakesalivingbyteaching.②CanyousayitinEnglish?③Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.④Wewanttolistentothemusiconthecomputer.11．between,amongbetween表示“两者之间”，常和and连用构成短语between…and…；among表示在“在……（三个或三个以上）之间”。如果把三者及以上的人或事物分别看待，指每两者之间，也可用between。①MissGaoisstandingamongallherstudents.②Before1997therewasnoairlinebetweenthetwocities.③Youshouldn’teatbetweenmeals.12．across,through，over,pastacross指“从……表面穿过”，或指沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through指“从……中间穿过”。乘船、过海或过河用across，表示通过门、窗户、森林等用through。over表示“从上面越过”,past指“从旁边经过”。①Hecanswimacrosstheriver.②IwentpasttheofficebutIdidn’tseeanyone.③Ourplaneflewoverforestsandrivers.④Theywalkedthroughtheforestatlast.13．but,besides,exceptbut表示“除……之外”，常与具有否定意义的词连用，当前有动词do时，后接动词原形；except表示“除……之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所带的人或物，前面常有all,every,any,no及其他复合词；besides表示“除……之外（还有）”，指在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物，其前常有other,another,anyother,afew等词。①Wecandonothingbutwait.②AllthestudentswenttothezooexceptJim.③Ihaveafewgoodfriendsbesidesyou.14．with,withoutwith意为“和，对，用，附带有”，常用短语有withthehelpof,helpsb.with,comeupwith,talkwith,bestrictwith；without意为“没有”，是with的反义词。如withoutone’shelp等。①Pleasegivemeacupofcoffeewithmilk..②Shewenttoschoolwithoutbreakfastthismorning.Sosheisveryhungrynow.15．of和in用于最高级结构中的区别若主语和比较的对象属于同一类，一般用of，of后接数词或可数名词复数；若主语和比较的对象不属于同一类，则用in，in后接可数名词单数。①Tomisthetallestboyofthefour.②Tomisthetallestboyintheclass.16.on,about表“关于”on较正式，专用于研究的书、著作、论述、演讲、报告等，专业性、知识性和系统性较强。about表示的内容普通，不那么正式。①Thescientistwillgiveusareportonthemoonnextweek.②Haveyouheardofthestoryaboutthemoon?17．bemadeof,bemadefrom,bemadein,bemadebybemadeof由……制成（能看出原料来）；bemadefrom由……制成（不能看出原料来）；bemadein在……（地方）制造”，in后面接表示地点的词;bemadeby被……制造。①Thetableismadeofwood.②Thenylonismadefromair,coalandwater.③TheTVsetismadeinJapan.④ThismachinewasmadebyUncleWang.18．ofsb.,forsb.ofsb.意为“对于（某人）”，常用于Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.句型中，形容词为clever,kind,nice等描述人物性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系；forsb.意为“对于（某人）”，常用于Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.句型中，形容词easy,important等不能描述人物性格特征的词，for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。①It’sverykindofyoutolookaftermydaughter.②It’sveryimportantforustoeatsomevegetables.19．inthetree,onthetree都表示“在树上”，前者指不属于树上的东西，后者指树上的东西。①Thereisabirdsinginginthetree.②Therearemanyapplesonthetree.20.intheend,attheendof,bytheendofintheend意为“最后”，attheendof意为“在……末端”，bytheendof意为“到……末端为止”。①Ourteamwonthematchintheend.②Attheendoftheroadthereisafruitshop.③Wehadlearnedover1,000Englishwordbytheendoflastterm79 21.intime,ontimeintime意为“及时”，ontime.意为“准时”。①Everyonemustcometothemeetingontime.②Thepolicemanarrivedintimeandcaughtthethief.22．to用作介词和用作不定式符号的区别to用作动词不定式符号时，后面跟动词原形；to用作介词时，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。lookforwardto,makeacontributionto,be/getusedto,giveone’slifeto中的to为介词。①I’mlookingforwardtogoing(go)toBeijingnextsummer.②Jennywantstogo(go)onatriptoBeijing.23．“this/that/every/next+名词”作时间状语时，前面不用介词。TherewillbeafootballmatchBthisSundayafternoon.A.onB./中考兵法重点、难点（1）介词的基本意义和用法。（2）表示时间和地点的介词。（3）含有介词的固定搭配。（4）“动词+介词”短语。（5）常用介词辨析。识记巩固在下列词组中填入合适的介词。1.在晚上7点30athalfpastsevenintheevening2.在那时atthatmoment3.在星期六下午onSaturdayafternoon4.在五月四日onMay4th5,在一个寒冷的冬夜onacoldwinternight6.两天以后in/aftertwodays7.两点钟以后aftertwoo’clock8.在周末atweekends9.树上的橘子orangesonthetree10.在农场里onthefarm11.在……脚下atthefootof12.在……的南部inthesouthof13.擅长于begoodat/dowellin14.过桥goacrossthebridge15.在国庆节onNationalDay16.对我们要求严格bestrictwithus17.为我们祖国感到骄傲beproudofourcountry18.自2002年8月sinceAugust,200219.……怎么样?What/Howabout…?20.在……的开始atthebeginningof典例解析例1--WhenwasthefirstmanwithA(H1N1)fluinmainlandChinaknownforsure?--_____May11th,2009.A.InB.OnC.AtD.Since易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查介词at,in,on表示时间的用法。at通常用在某一时刻之前；in通常用在年、月、季节或泛指上午、下午、晚上等之前；on通常用在某天（如星期各天）或某天的上午、下午、晚上之前。题干中时间为onMay11th,2009（在2009年5月11日），故应选C。变式训练填入适当的介词。①Iusuallygetupat6:30_________themorning.②–Whenwereyouborn?--Iwasborn__________themorningofMay7th,1995.③SongZuyingwillgiveaconcert________amonth.答案为：①in②on③in。表示“在早上”用inthemorning，而表示具体某一天的早上用onthemorningof…，“in+一段时间”用于表示在将来一段时间以后。例2Ilikeflowers.I’mgoingtobuyahouse________asmallgardeninfrontofit.A.inB.nearC.withD.between易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查介词with表示“拥有，附带有”的用法。ahousewithasmallgarden意为“带小花园的房子”，故选C。例3Mr.Smithlives______thatbuilding.Hishouseis______thefifthfloor.A.in;onB.of;toC.on;inD.to;at易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查介词表地点的用法。表示“住在什么地方”，用介词in；而表示“住在几楼”,用介词on。例4Mr.Lingavethetextbookstoallthestudents_______theoneswhohadalreadytakenthem.A.exceptB.besidesC.includingD.among易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查介词辨析。except表示“除……之外（不再有）”，besides表示“除……之外（还有），including表示“包括”，among表示“在三者或以上之间”。根据句意：“格林先生把教材发给了学生，除了那些已经有了的人。”故选A。例5Ipaid￥25________thebeef,andIonlygotalittle.A.forB.onC.inD.to易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查介词的固定搭配。pay…for…意为“付钱”。例6–Whyareyoustandingthere,Maggie?--Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting______me.A.behindB.infrontofC.besideD.nextto易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查具体语境中介词的选择。behjind意为“在……后面”，infrontof意为“在……前面”，beside意为“在……旁边”，nextto意为“紧挨着”。根据句意：“我看不清黑板。那两个高个子男孩坐在我前面。”故选C。79 例7--WhatdoesyourChineseteacher______?--Heistallwithshorthair.A.lookforB.lookatC.lookafterD.looklike易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查的是look与不同介词组成的短语动词的词义差别。lookfor意为“寻找”,lookat意为“看着”,lookafter意为“照顾,保管”,looklike意为“看起来像……”。根据句意：“你的语文老师是什么样的?”“他个子高,短发。”故选D。中考热身(D)1.—Whendidyourunclearrive________China?--HegottoGuangzhou________themorningofthe16thofApril.【2009·广东广州】A.at;inB.in;inC.to;onD.in;on(B)2.–Guess.Howmuchdoesitcost?--Ithinkitcosts________15and20dollars.【2009·广东广州】A.fromB.betweenC.amongD.with(B)3.–WhenisHenry’sbirthdayparty,Lynn?--The18th,________aboutthreeo’clockintheafternoon.【2009·河南】A.inB.atC.onD.to(A)4.–Wheredoyousit,Jane?--Isit________Linda.Sheisjustonmyleft.【2009·广西南宁】A.nexttoB.infrontofC.behindD.opposite(B)5.--WhenwillyourfathercomebackfromAmerica?--I’mnotsure.Maybe_________aweek.【2009·广西贵港】A.onB.inC.afterD.at(C)6.Youcanfindawaytoreachyourgoalswhenyou’reproud_______yourselfandstandtalllikeasunflower.【2009·黑龙江哈尔滨】A.onB.fromC.of基础过关训练(A)1.______ateacher,Johnthinksthathismaindutyistohelpthestudentstobecomebetterlearners.A.AsB.ByC.AboutD.With(B)2.--AllthestudentsinClassOnewenttothecinema________LiPing.Why?--Becausehehadastomachache.A.besidesB.exceptC.withoutD.beside(A)3.–Howlonghaveyoupreparedfortheartfestival?--________.A.SinceAprilB.InAprilC.BeforeAprilD.lastApril(B)4.Theoldwomandied_____arainyandwindymorning.A.atB.onC.inD.to(D)5.Thefood________mycountryisquitedifferent________thathere.A.in;likeB.to;fromC.from;toD.in;from(A)6.“It’sreallykind________youtohelpmewithmyhouseworkonSundays,”saidGrandmaHuang.A.ofB.withC.forD.from(C)7.Thegirl_____aredskirtisHanMei.A.withB.atC.inD.on(B)8.Thereisabird_____theappletreeandtherearemanyapples_____thetree,too.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;onD.in;in(C)9.–Didyouhavebreakfastthismorning?--No,Igotuplateandwenttoschool_____breakfast.A.forB.inC.withoutD.after(D)10.–DoyouknowaboutDoctorLi?--Yes,hewaswell-known_____adoctorinmytown_____hiskindnesstothesick.A.as;toB.for;asC.to;forD.as;for能力提升训练训练I.根据句意，填入适当的介词。1.Theyhadtostayathomebecauseofthebadweather.2.–Whydidn’tyougoswimmingyesterday?--BecauseIwasbusywithmyhomework.3.Thankstoyourhelp,Ipassedthefinalexaminationatlast.4.–Youdon’tlookwell.What’swrongwithyou,WangMing?--LastnightIwatchedthefootballmatchanddidn’tgotobeduntil12o’clock.5.Pleasepayattentiontoyourteacherinclass.II.改正下列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.Theroomisbigenoughforustolive.live后加in2.WhenTonywasonlyeight,hecouldswimthroughtheriver..through→across3.Whenwillyougobacktohome?删掉to4.Thebridgeovertheriverismadefromstone.from→of5.ChinaliesintheeastofAsiaandinthewestofJapan.第二个in→to七连词复习指要知识梳理1．常用并列连词1．常用并列连词连词例句and和，又，及Shecleanedthehouseandwashedtheclothes.她打扫了房间，并洗了衣服。Iboughtmydaughterapresentandshelikesitverymuch.我给女儿买了一件礼物，她非常喜欢。79 联合关系both…两者都；既……BothTomandJackhavebeentoChina.汤姆和杰克都来过中国。and又……Hecanplayboththepianoandtheguitar.他既会弹钢琴，又会弹吉他。notonly…butalso不但……而且……Mr.WangcanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.王先生不仅会说英语，而且会说法语。Notonlyyoubutalsohewantstogoout.不仅是你，而且他也想出去。neither…nor既不……也不……It’sneitherhotnorcoldinKunmingalltheyearround.昆明全年不热也不冷。NeitherInorhehasseenthefilm.我没看过那部电影，他也没看过。aswellasBillaswellashisparentswantstostayinChinaforanotheryear.比尔和他的父母一样想在中国再呆一年。转折关系but但是，可是LittleHelenisveryyoung,butsheknowsalot.小海伦年龄很小，但是她知道很多事情。while而，然而Heisshort,whilehisbrotheristall.他个子矮而他哥哥个子高。however然而，但是Heworkedhard,however,hefailed.他很努力，然而还是失败了。yet但是，可是Hedoesn’tlikemath,yethestillworkshardatit.他不喜欢数学，但他仍很努力地学数学。因果关系so因此，所以（结果）Hewasillyesterday,sohedidn’tgotoschool.他昨天病了，所以没去上学。for因为Itismorning,forthebirdsaresinging.是早晨了，因为鸟在叫。选择关系or或者，否则Willyougotherebytrainorbyplane?你是乘火车还是飞机去那儿？Bequick,oryouwillmissthetrain.赶快，要不然你就赶不上火车了。either…or或者.…..或者……;不是……就是……Youcaneitherstayhereorgofishing.你可以留在这里，或是去钓鱼。Eitheryouorhehastogo.不是你，就是他必须得去。2．常用从属连词⑴引导状语从句的连接词连词例句表示时间when当……时WhenIarrivedthere,itwasraining.当我到那儿时，天正在下雨。while在……期间;和……同时CayyoulookaftermypetdogwhileIamaway?我离开的时候你能照看我的小狗吗？Youcan’tdoyourhomeworkwhileyouarelisteningtomusic.你不能一边听音乐，一边做作业。as一边……一边Asshegrewolder,shebecamemoreinterestedinradio.随着年龄的增长,她对播音更感兴趣了。after在……以后I’llgotoplayfootballafterIfinishmyhomework.我做完作业后，要去打篮球。before在……以前Pleaseturnoffthelightbeforeyouleavetheroom.离开房间前，请关灯。HehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforehecametoourschool.他来我们学校之前就学过一些英语。till;until直到……为止I’llwaittill/untilhearrives.我将一直等到他到来。直到……才Iknewnothingaboutituntilhetoldme.直到他告诉我，我才知道。Shewon’tgethomeuntilitgetsdark.她要到天黑才回家。assoonas一……就Assoonashegetsthenews,he’llletyouknow.他一得到消息，就会通知你。since自从……Ihaven’tseenhimsinceheleft.自从他离开以后，我再也没见过他。ItisfiveyearssinceIstudiedEnglish.我学习英语已经五年了。whenever无论何时Wheneveryouleave,pleaseletmeknow.无论你什么时候离开，请让我知道。表示条件if如果We’llgoforaswimifitisfinetomorrow.如果明天天气好，我们就去游泳。unless除非Hewillnotcomeunlessheisinvited.除非被邀请，否则他是不会来的。表示原因because因为Shedidn’tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.她因为生病了，没有来上学。since既然Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbegin.既然大家都在这里，我们开始吧！as鉴于；由于Wealllikeherassheiskind.因为她很善良，我们都喜欢她。sothat以便Theyworkedveryhardsothattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.他们工作很努力，以便能提前完成任务。79 表示目的inorderthat为了Shetookmedicineontimeinorderthatshemightgetwellsoon.为了让病快点好，她按时吃药。表示结果so…that如此……以致Heissokindthateverybodylikeshim.他是那样的善良，以致人人都喜欢他。such…that如此……以致Thisissuchaninterestingfilmthatweallwanttoseeitagain.这是如此有趣的一部电影，以致我们都想再看一次。表示让步though/although虽然ThoughwestayedinChinaforafewdays,wehadagreattime.虽然我们只在中国呆了几天，却玩得很痛快。evenif/though即使Evenifyouwerehereyesterday,youcouldn’thelphim.即使昨天你在这儿，你也帮不了他。表示地点where在……地方Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Leavethebookswheretheyare.别动那些书。wherever无论在哪里Wherevershemaybe,shewillbehappy.她无论在什么地方都快乐。表示比较as……as和……一样Hiseldersisterisastallashismother.他姐姐和他母亲一样高。notas/so…as与……不一样Marydoesn’trunasfastasTom.玛丽没有汤姆跑得快。than比……(更……)Heworksharderthanbefore.他比以前更努力工作了。Thisparkismorebeautifulthanthatone.这个公园比那个公园漂亮。表示方式as正如YoushoulddoasIdo.你应该按我的做。asif/asthough好像；似乎HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.他讲起话来就像是英国人似的。⑵引导宾语从句的连接词连词例句that(无实义，可省去)IhearthatheworksinBeijing.我听说他在北京工作。Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomeworkatthattime.他说他那时正在做作业。Inmychildhood,mygrandmatoldmethatthesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.在我童年时代，祖母告诉我太阳从东方升起，在西方落下。whether;if(是否)Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometoday.我不知道他今天是否会来。Wearediscussingwhetherwe’llholdasportsmeeting.我们在讨论是否要开运动会。连接代词who(谁)Iwanttoknowwhoisgoingtothemeeting.我想知道谁去参加会议。whom(谁)Doyouknowwhomtheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们在谈论谁吗？whose(谁的)Idon’tknowwhosedictionarythisis.我不知道这是谁的字典。what(所……的事)ImeanwhatIsay.我说话算数。which(哪一个)HeaskedmewhichcomputerIlikedbest.他问我最喜欢哪一台电脑。连接副词when(何时)Canyoutellmewhenthetrainwillarrive?你能告诉我火车什么时候到吗？where(何地)Ireallydon’tknowwherehelives.我确实不知道他住在哪里。why(为什么)Hedidn’ttellmewhyhewasunhappy.他没有告诉我他为什么不高兴。how或how…(怎样)Excuseme,canyoushowmehowIcangettotheairport?劳驾，你能告诉我去机场怎么走吗？Idon’tknowhowoldheis.我不知道他有多大年龄。考点聚焦1．“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句”的用法区别：前者表示“只要……就……”,后者表示“……否则/不然……”。①Workhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.A.orB.and②Workhard,Ayouwon’tpasstheexam.A.orB.and2．祈使句+and+陈述句=If条件句+主句；祈使句+or+陈述句=If(否定)条件句+主句。Hurryup,oryou’llbelateforschool.=IfyouBup,you’llbelateforschool.A.hurryB.don’thurry3．在否定句中连接并列成分，用or不用and。如果连接的两部分都有否定词，则用and而不用or。①Ican’tsingBdance.A.andB.or②ThereisnoairAnowateronthemoon.A.andB.or4．both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词用复数。BothGinaandAnnBinterestedinsinging.A.isB.are5．or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等79 连接主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致,即“就近原则”。aswellas连接的词作主语时，谓语与aswellas前的词一致。①NeitherthestudentsnortheteacherAseenthefilm.A.hasB.have②IaswellasmyfatherBcoming.A.isB.am6．because（因为）和so（所以）,though/although（虽然）和but（但是）不能同时在一个句子里使用。但though/although可以和still同时出现在一个句子里，still是副词，不是连词。①Becauseheisill,Acan’tgotowork.A.heB.sohe②Bhewastired,_____heworkrdhard.A.Though;butB.Though;/7．as,when和while都有“当……时候”之意,当时间状语从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,这三个词都可以用。它们的区别是：when可以和非延续性动词使用,表示“时间点”；while只能表示“一段时间”，表示主句和从句两个持续时间较长的动作同时发生或进行；as强调伴随，也可与非持续性动词使用,表示“时间点”。①Hetooknotesas/while/whenhewaslisteningtotheteacher.②As/WhenIgottothestation,itwasrainingheavily.8．because,since,for,as的区别：because强调直接原因和因果关系，引导的从句常放在主句之后，回答“why”引起的疑问句；since表示一种已知的、显然的理由，当作“既然”讲时，放在句首；as表示原因时意义最弱，所阐述的原因只能附带说明；for表示间接的原因和理由，引导的分句放在句末,表示对前面事实的解释。①--Whydidn’tyouwritetome?--BIwastoobusyatthattime?A.SinceB.BecauseC.As②Sinceyouarenotfeelingwell,you’dbetterstayathome.③Astheweatherisfine,we’vedecidedtoclimbthemountain.9．当till/until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词若是延续性动词，那么主句用肯定形式；如果主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，主句则用否定形式，构成not/never…until…句式，意为“直到……才”。①YoumayBheruntiltherainstops.A.leaveB.stay②ThepoliceAuntilsomeonetelephonedthem.A.didn’tarriveB.arrived10．so…that和such…that都引导结果状语从句，such修饰名词，句型为：such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+that从句；so修饰形容词或副词，句型为：so+形容词或副词+that从句。当名词由表示“多，少”的形容词many,much,few,little修饰时，用so而不用such.，即：so+many/few/much/little+名词+that从句。so还可用于so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that=such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that。①MissLiisBteacherthatwealllikeherverymuch.A.soagoodB.suchagood②HealwaysasksAstrangequestions.A.somanyB.suchmany③HisfatherwasAthathecouldn’tspeak.A.soangryB.suchangry11．that引导主语从句不能省略，引导宾语从句可省略。①It’strueAhecanspeakthreeforeignlanguages.A.thatB./②HeoftensaysAhelovesChinaverymuch.A./B.what12．and,or,but等连接以that引导的两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的that不可省略。HesaidBhecouldcome,and_____hewouldcomewithMR.Brown.A.that;/B./;that13．if,whether引导宾语从句时，一般可互换。但当与动词不定式连用，在介词后作宾语，与ornot连用以及在动词discuss后的宾语从句等情况下只能用whether。I’mworriedaboutBshecancomehereontime.A.ifB.whether备考考兵法重点、难点（1）常用并列连词的意义、用法及辨析。（2）常用从属连词的意义、用法及辨析。（3）关联并列连词both…and…,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…的用法。（4）连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句的用法。识记巩固用适当的连词填空。1.BothheandIaregoodatplayingbasketball.2.Maryisanonlychildinherfamily.Shehasneitherbrothersnorsisters.3.Hurryup,oryouwon’tcatchupwithothers.4.Hehaslearnedabout100newwordssincehecametoourclass.5.Goalongthisstreet,andyou’llfindthepostofficeyouarelookingfor.6.Mymotherdidn’tgotobeduntilshefinishedmakingthebirthdaycakeforme.7.Mr.Wangusuallyspeakssoloudlythateveryonecanhearhim.8.Though/AlthoughTomisyoung,heknowsalotaboutcomputer.9.Idon’tknowwhethertostayorgo.10.Heisveryrich,sohecanbuyhimselflotsofnicethings.79 典例解析例1–I’mafraidIcan’tgotothepartytomorrow.--______youtoldmeyouwould.What’shappened?A.AndB.SoC.OrD.But易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查并列连词的用法辨析。and意为“和,又”,在肯定句中连接并列的成分;so意为“因此,所以”,表示因果关系;or意为“或者,否则”,表示选择;but意为“但是”,表示转折。题干中前者说：“我恐怕明天不能去参加晚会。”后者说：“但是你告诉我你要去的。发生什么事了？”故选D。例2--______thesoldiersareverytired,______theykeptonworking.--Theyaregreat.Wemustlearnfromthem.A.Because;/B.Though;/C.Because;soD.Though;but易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查从属连词though的用法。首先根据句意来选择恰当的从属连词，通过分析，句意为“士兵们虽然很累了，但是他们仍坚持工作。”据此排除A、C两项。英语中，though(although)与but不能同时在一个句子中使用,故选B。例3________youdon’tgotobedearlier,youwillfeeltiredinthemorning.A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.Until易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查引导状语从句的连词的辨析。unless意为“除非”，if意为“如果”，though意为“虽然”，until意为“直到”。根据句意：“如果你不早点休息，你早上会感到累。”故选B。变式训练Theartclubisformembersonly.Youcan’tgoin________youareamember.A.unlessB.becauseC.ifD.though答案为A。根据句意：“你不能进去，除非你是会员。”例4Workhard,______you’llpasstheEnglishexamthistime.A.orB.butC.becauseD.and易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查“祈使句+and+陈述句”的用法。首先排除选项B、C，再根据句意确定是用or还是but。前半句是“努力学习”，后半句是“这次英语考试你会及格的”，整个句子意为：“努力学习,这次英语考试你就会及格的。”故选D。例5--DidyoucallSaraback?--Ididn’tneedto,________we’llhaveameetingtogethertonight.A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.if易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查从属连词的辨析。根据句意：“因为我们今晚要一起开会，故不必让Sara回来。”前后为因果关系，引导原因状语从句用because，故选C。例6Thesestorybooksforchildrenareawfullywritten.Theyare______interesting______exciting.A.either;orB.neither;norC.both;andD.notonly;butalso易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查关联并列连词的辨析。either…or意为“或者……或者……”，neither…nor意为“既不……也不……”，both…and意为“两者都”，notonly…butalso…意为“不但…….而且……”。根据第一句的句意“这些儿童故事书写得很糟糕。”可得知第二句的句意应为“它们既无趣味又不令人兴奋。”故选B。变式训练1①BothyouandI_____right.A.areB.am②NeitheryounorI_____right.A.areB.am答案：①A②B。both…and连接主语，谓语动词用复数；而neither…nor，either…or，notonly…butalso连接主语时，谓语动词的数与后一个主语保持一致。变式训练2Jimhasn’tfinishedtheworkyet.Jackhasn’’t,either.（合并为一句）________Jim__________________finishedtheworkyet.答案为Neither,nor,has。根据题意可知吉姆和杰克两个都没有完成工作，应用neither…nor…连接Jim和Jack，作主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致，且用肯定形式。例7Ireallydon’tknow_____Ishouldsayatthemeeting.A.howB.whatC.thatD.when易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查引导宾语从句的连接词的辨析。本题宾语从句中的say为及物动词，需要接宾语，所给四个选项中how,when均为连接副词不能作say的宾语，that为连接词可引导宾语从句但不能担任成分，只有what既能引导宾语从句又能担任say的宾语，故选B。中考热身(D)1.Thefilm“KungFuPanda”is________interesting________Iwouldliketoseeitagain.【2009·广东】A.such;thatB.too;toC.as;asD.so;that(B)2.–Whatdoyoulikedoingafterclass?--Ilikenotonlyreading________painting.【2009·广东广州】A.andB.butalsoC.orD.for(D)3.It’squitecommoninBritaintosay“Thankyou”tothedrivers________peoplegetoffthebus.【2009·河南】A.afterB.sinceC.untilD.when(C)4.Startoutrightaway,________you’llmissthelasttrain.【2009·四川乐山】A.unlessB.andC.or(D)5.________scientistshavedonealotofresearchonA(H1N1)flu,therearestillsomecasesforfurtherstudy.【2009·江苏南京】A.AsB.OnceC.IfD.Although(C)6.Nowmanyparentssendtheirchildrentoforeigncountries,79 ________theywantthemtogetabettereducation.【2009·山西太原】A.untilB.thoughC.because(A)7.–WhataniceT-shirt!CanIhaveit,Mom?--Well,itreallylooksnice,________Ithinkit’stooexpensive.【2009·重庆】A.butB.asC.forD.or迎考精练基础过关训练(D)1.Tomknewnothingaboutit________hissistertoldhim.A.whenB.afterC.sinceD.until(C)2.–Doyouremember_____hecamehere?--OfcourseIdo.Hisfatherdrovehimhere.A.whetherB.whenC.howD.why(A)3.________Harryisonly10yearsold,________heknowsmoreaboutsciencethanhisbrother.A.Though;/B.Though;butC.Although;becauseD.Because;so(D)4.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesure_____allthelightsareturnedoff.A.ifB.whenC.whetherD.that(B)5._____Lucy_____Lilymaygototheconcertwithyoubecausetheyarenotallowedtogooutonschoolnights.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Notonly;butalso(B)6.Relax!________youfinishthisEnglishexam,you’llbefreeandfeelontopoftheworld.Youcanmakeitifyouputyourheartintoit!A.AswellasB.AssoonasC.AsgoodasD.Before(C)7.–Wherewasyourbrotheratthistimelastnight?--Hewaswritingane-mail________IwasawatchingTVathome.A.assoonasB.afterC.whileD.until(A)8.Helpotherswheneveryoucan________you’llmaketheworldanicerplacetolivein.A.andB.orC.unlessD.but(A)9.Youwon’tmakeprogress________youworkhard.A.unlessB.whenC.ifD.because(A)10.Mr.BrownknowslittleJapanese,_____hecan’tunderstandtheinstructionsonthebottleofthepills.A.soB.orC.butD.for(D)11.Over400millionpeoplehavevisitedDisneylandparksaroundtheworld______AmericanDisneylandopenedinJuly1955.A.beforeB.afterC.forD.since能力提升训练I.根据所给汉语完成句子。1.Wehavetogetupat7:15tomorrow,or(否则)wewillbelateforthe7:40train.2.Weweretoldweshouldfollowthemainroaduntilwereached(直到我们到达)therailwaystation.3.Tenyearshaspassedsincehecamehere(自从他来到这儿).4.Itwassnowinghardsowehadto(因此我们不得不)stayathomeandwatchTV.5.IthinkEnglishismorepopularthananyothersubject(比其他任何一门学科).II．改正下列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.WhileIgottoBeijing,ithappenedtoberaining.While→When2.Thelittleboyateabigmealbecausehesaidhewasn’thungry.because→though/although3.NeitheryounorIweresendinge-mailsthen.were→was4.Idon’tknowthatwhereIcanfindmypen.删掉that5.Youmustdoliketheteachertoldyou,oryoumaymakeafewmistakes.like→as八动词的种类复习指要知识梳理1．实义动词（或称行为动词）：表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。例词例句及物动词buy,catch,eat,find,give,hearlove,make,read,teach,writeHewrotetwoletterslastnight.昨天晚上他写了两封信。Weloveourcountry.我们热爱我们的国家。不及物动词arrive,come,die,jump,listen,hurry,rise,workThetrainwillarrivesoon.火车将很快到达。Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。短语动词动词+介词agreewith,hearfrom,feellike,lookafter,listento,thinkof,waitforDidyouhearfromyourparentsyesterday?昨天你收到你父母的来信了吗?Someoneiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.有人在校门口等你。动词+副词comeout,getup,godown,lookup,pickup,puton,turnoff,writedown,sitdown,thinkoverWhendidthefirstHarryPottercomeout?第一部《哈利．波特》是何时出版的?Ifyoudon’tknowthenewwords,youshouldlookthemupinadictionary.如果你不知道这些生词,你应该查字典。2．连系动词：本身有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成复合谓语。79 连系动词例句be是Myfatherisanengineer.我爸爸是工程师。AllthevisitorsarefromCanada.所有的访问者都来自加拿大。表感觉和知觉look看上去Bettylooksveryworriednow.现在贝蒂看起来很焦虑。smell闻起来Therosesmellssweet.玫瑰闻起来很香。taste尝起来Thefishtastesdelicious.这鱼尝起来味道鲜美。sound听起来Yourideasoundsgreat.你的主意听起来很棒。feel摸起来;感觉Thesilkfeelssoft.这丝绸摸上去很软。Idon’tfeelverywelltoday.今天我感到不舒服。表变化become变为;成为Mysisterhasbecomeadoctor.我姐姐当了医生。Hebecamefamousafterthat.自那以后，他出名了。get变成，变得Thedaysgetlongerandthenightsgetshorterinsummer.夏天白天变长，夜晚变短。go变为，成为Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobad.把鱼放在冰箱里,不然它会坏的。grow长得，变成Themanisgrowingfatterandfatter.那人长得越来越胖了。turn变成Inautumnleavesturnyellow.秋天树叶变黄了。表保持keep保持不变Wealwayskeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.我们总是保持教室干净、整洁。remain仍然是Ihopeyouwillalwaysremainsoyoung.我希望你始终保持这样年轻。stay维持Weshouldstayhappyandhealthyeveryday.我们应该每天保持快乐、健康。其他seem看起来，似乎，好像Itseemedthattheywerespeakingtomeinperson.就好像他们本人在亲自和我交流。appear看来，似乎Heappearedquitewelltoday.他今天身体似乎很好。3．情态动词：有一定的词义,但词义不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须和动词原形连用,表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度和看法。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词用法例句can表示能力，意为“能，会”Shecanswimfast,butIcan’t.她能游得快，但我不能。Mymothercanusethecomputernow.我妈妈现在会用电脑。表示请求、允许，意为“可以”Youcanborroowmydictionary.你可以借我的字典。CanIplayfootballnow,Mum?妈妈，我现在可以踢足球吗？表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句Canthenewsbetrue?这个消息会是真的?吗？Hecan’thavegonetherealone.他不会独自去那里。could表示过去的能力，意为“能、会”Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewasten.他十岁时就会写诗。Noonecouldanswerthequestionatthattime.那时没有人能回答这个问题。表示委婉的请求（注意疑问句的回答）--CouldIgotherewithyou?我能和你一起去那里吗？--Yes,youcan.是的，你能。--No,youcan’t.不，你不能。may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”（注意疑问句的回答）--MayIborrowyourtypewriter?我可以借一下你的打字机吗？--Yes,youmay.是的，你可以。--No,youcan’t.不，你不能。表示推测，意为“可能，也许”，用于肯定句Itmayrainthisafternoon.今天下午可能会下雨。Thewomanmaybefifty.那位妇女可能有五十岁。might表示推测，可能性小于mayHeisawayfromschool.Hemightbesick.他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。must表示主观看法，意为“必须，应当”（注意疑问句的回答）YoumuststayhereuntilIcomeback.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。--Mustwecleanalltherooms?我们必须打扫所有的房间吗？-Yes,youmust.是的，你们必须。--No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.不，不必。表示推测，意为“准是，肯定是”，用于肯定句HemustknowwhereLiLeilives.他一定知道李磊住在哪里。Itmusthaverainedlastnight.昨晚肯定下雨了。haveto表示客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”It’stoolate.Hehastoleavenow.天已黑了，他现在必须离开了。Youwon’thavetowaitforme.你不必等我。意为“--NeedIstayhereanylonger?79 need需要；有必要”，用于否定句和疑问句（注意疑问句的回答）我还有必要留在这儿吗？--Yes,youmust.是的，必须。--No,youneedn’t.不，不需要。Youneedn’tgiveitbackbeforeFriday.你在星期五前不必还我。shall表示征求对方意见（用于第一人称）Shallwegooutforawalk?我们出去散散步好吗？Whatshallwedrink?我们喝点什么？should表示劝告、建议、义务、责任，意为“应该”Weshouldprotectourenvironment.我们应该保护环境。Youshoulddoitbetternexttime.你下次应做得更好一些。will表示意愿、意志、打算，意为“会，愿意”IwillhelpyouifIamfreethisafternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。would表示主观愿望或意志，“愿意”ItoldhimthatIwouldgoalongwithhim.我告诉他我将和他一起去。表示请求或征求意见Wouldyoupleasenotsmokehere?请不要在这儿吸烟好吗？表示过去的习惯，“总是，总会”WhenIwasachild,Iwouldgoswimmingwithotherchildreninsummer.小时候，我在夏天总会同别的孩子一块儿去游泳。表示对未来的想象Iwouldhavetwowingsandthenflytothemoon.我想有一对翅膀飞到月球上去。hadbetter表示建议，意为“最好”Wehadbettergonow.我们最好现在就走。Youhadbetternotgivethebooktohim.你最好不要把这本书给他。4.助动词：本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，在句中和实义动词或连系动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气、疑问、否定等结构。助动词用法例句be“be+现在分词”，构成进行时态Theyareboatingonthelake.他们正在湖上划船。“begoingto+动词原形”,表示打算、计划做某事IamgoingtotakeaplanetoHongKongnextweek.我打算下周乘飞机去香港。“be+过去分词”，构成被动语态ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun.这本书是鲁迅写的。dodo,does帮助构成一般现在时的否定句和疑问句Doyouwanttopasstheexam?你想通过这次考试吗?Hedoesn’tliketostudy.他不想学习。did帮助构成一般过去时的否定句和疑问句Tomdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.汤姆昨天没上学。WhendidtheystudyGerman?他什么时候学过德语?do帮助构成否定祈使句Don’tbesoabsent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。have“have/has+过去分词”,构成现在完成时Theyhavelivedinthiscitysincetheygotmarried.他们结婚后一直住在这个城市里。“had+过去分词”,构成过去完成时Shetoldmethatshehadseenitbefore.她告诉我她以前看过了。will,shall“will/shall+动词原形”,构成一般将来时(shall只用于第一人称)IshallstudyharderatEnglish.我将更加努力地学习英语。WillhegotoShanghaitomorrow?他明天要去上海吗？would/should+动词原形,构成过去将来时(should只用于第一人称)Hesaidhewouldcome.他说他要来。Shedidn’ttellmewhatIshoulddonext.她没有告诉我下一步该做什么。考点聚焦1．及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整，宾语可以是名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句等。有些及物动词后可跟双宾语：双宾动词+间接宾语(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.)，如：Pleasegivemethebook.也可以用另一种表达方法，即：双宾动词+直接宾语(sth.)+to/for+间接宾语(sb.)，如：bring/give/hand/lend/offer/pass/pay/post/promise/return/sell/send/show/take/teach/tell//writesthtosb.;buy/choose/cook/draw/fetch/find/get/keep/make/order/paint/picksth.forsb.①Canyoulendyourbiketome?②Mymotherboughtabeautifuldressforme.2．不及物动词本身有完整的意思，其后不需要跟宾语。如果要加宾语,不及物动词要和介词一起使用。①Listentotheteachercarefully,boysandgirls.②Heiswaitingforhisparentsatthestation.3．“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”短语的区别：在“动词+介词”短语中，宾语只可放在介词后；在“动词+副词”短语中，当宾语为名词时，可放在副词的前面或后面，当宾语为代词时，只能放在动词和副词之间。①--Jim,yourtoysshouldbeinrightorder.--OK.I’llBrightnow.A.putawaythemB.putthemaway②Don’tA.Heonlymadeasmallmistake.A.laughathimB.laughhimat常用的“动词+副词”短语有：giveup,lookup,pickup,pull79 up,putup,sendup,wakeup,turnon/off,turnup/down,putaway,sendaway,throwaway,tryon,tryout,sellout,thinkover,writedown,puton,takeoff等。4．连系动词后一般接形容词作表语。Mr.GreenseemedveryAbecausehewastalikingtohisson______.A.angry;angrilyB.angrily;angry5．除系动词be外，其他系动词的否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助于助动词。ThedishesBverynicetome.A.smellnotB.don’tsmell6．情态动词后面必须接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化（haveto除外）。①TomisyoungbutheAakithimself.A.canflyB.canflies②ThelittlegirlBathomebecausesheisill.A.havetostayB.hastostay7．情态动词除haveto以外都有助动词的功能，haveto的否定及疑问形式要借助助动词来表达。①YouBswiminthispartofthelake.It’sdangerous.A.don’tmustB.mustnot②HeAbeinsuchahurry.A.didn’thavetoB.hadn’tto8．maybe和maybe的区别：前者为情态动词+动词，意为“可能是”，位于句中，作谓语；后者为副词，意为“大概，也许”，相当于perhaps，位于句首，作状语。①HeAoverthirtyyearsold.②Bshecanhelpyou.A.maybeB.maybe9．对must引出的疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto。--MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?--No,youB.A.mustn’tB.needn’t10．对may引出的疑问句，肯定回答用may,否定回答用can.’t或mustn’t。--MayIcomein?--No,youB.A.maynotB.can’t11．must,haveto的区别：must侧重于个人意志和主观上的需要，它没有人称和数的变化。haveto侧重于客观上的需要，可用于多种时态（一般不用于进行时），且有人称和数的变化。It’srainingheavilyoutside,soheBstayathome.A.mustB.hasto12．can和beabeto表示“能力”时用法相同，can只有现在时和过去时，而beableto却能用于各种时态。baableto常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做某事。①Icansingthissong.=Iamabletosingthissong.②Helearnsquickly.NowhehasBswimroundthepool.A.canB.beenableto13．can,may/might,must表推测的用法：can意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句；may/might表示“可能，或许”，might可能性低于may，一般用于肯定句；must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。①You_Bhavereadthisbook,foryouaresofamiliarwiththedetailsofit.②HeDbeill.HeisplayingchesswithTom.A.mayB.mustC.canD.can’t14．need既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。need作情态动词时，表示“需要、必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句，提问时，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t；作实义动词时用作及物动词，其后的宾语可以是名词、代词、动词不定式和动名词。它有人称、数和时态的变化，否定式和疑问式要借助于助动词do,does或did。①--NeedIstayhereanylonger?--Yes,youB.A.needB.must②HeBtodoitrightnow.A.needn’tB.doesn’tneed15．不同情态动词的否定意义不同：can’t“不会”，“不可能”，“不可以”；maynot“可能不”；must’t“不许，不准，一定不要”；needn’t“不必”。16．“情态动词(+not)+havedone”表示“本来应该(不应该)……,本来有（没）必要……”Heshouldn’thavegonetocollege.Hedidn’tlearnanythingthere.他本不该去上大学，结果什么也没有学到。YoucouldhavegottopgradesforEnglish.你本来可以取得最好的英语成绩。备考兵法重点、难点：（1）易混动词的辨析。（2）“动词+副词”短语和“动词+介词”带宾语的用法。（3）常用连系动词的意义和用法。（4）常用情态动词的意义及用法。（5）常用情态动词的疑问句及回答、否定句构成。（6）表推测的情态动词的用法及区别。（7）情态动词的用法辨析。识记巩固用情态动词can,can’t,may,must,haveto,needn’t或mustn’t填空。1.TomorrowImaygoshoppingwithyouifit’sfine.2.Ienjoythepartyverymuch,butIhavetogohome.It’stoolate.3.–MayIgotothecinemanow?79 --No,youcan’t.4.Youmustn’tsmokehere.It’sdangerous.5.–Mustwehandinourhomeworktoday?--No,youdon’thaveto.6.Youcannotmakesomuchnoiseinthehospital.7.–Listen!IsthatKangkangplayingtheguitar?--No.Itcan’tbeKangkang.HehasgonttoChangsha.8.–May/CanIwatchTVthisevening,Mum?--Yes,youcan.Butyoumustfinishexercisesfirst.--Allright.MustIwritedownallthewordsinthislesson?--No,youneedn’t,butyoumustwritedownallthenewwordstoday.Youmaywritedowntheoldonestomorrow.典例解析例1--MustItellJohnthenews?--No,you________.I’vetoldhimalready/A.mustn’tB.wouldn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查情态动词must引出的疑问句的回答。对于含must的一般疑问句作否定回答时用needn’t或don’thaveto，故选D。变式训练①--Canyouplaythepiano?--Yes,I________.Ioftenpracticeitonweekends.A.needn’tB.needC.can’tD.can②–ShallItellBobthenews?--No,you________.I’vetoldhimalready.A.shouldn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t答案为：①D②D。对于can引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用can，否定回答用can’t。而shall引出的一般疑问句，回答时情态动词有变化,用needn’t。例2--Listen!IsProfessorJohnsongivingareportinthehall?--No,it_____behim.HehasgonetoJapan.A.needn’tB.maynotC.mustn’tD.can’t易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查的是情态动词表示推测语气时的用法辨析。在表示肯定推测时，常用must,may,might+be，语气依次减弱。must语气最肯定，意为“一定；必然”；may,might表示“可能；也许”。can表示否定推测时，意为“不可能”。题干中前者问:“听!是Johnson教授在大厅里演讲吗?”后者说:“他到日本去了。”因此选项处应为“不可能”，故选D。变式训练--OurclasswontheEnglishspeakingcontest.--Congratulations!You_______beveryproudofit.A.cabB.needC.wouldD.must答案为D。根据句意：“我们班赢了英语演讲比赛。”“祝贺你们！你们一定非常骄傲吧。”故选D。例3--DoyoulikethesongYouandMe?--Ofcourse!It_____reallybeautiful.A.listensB.soundsC.thinksD.hesrs易错点剖析答案B。本题考查连系动词的用法和词义辨析。根据句意：“你喜欢《你和我》这首歌吗？”“当然，听起来很好听。”sound意为“听起来”，是感官动词，后用形容词作表语，故选B。listen,hear都与“听”有关，listen意为“听”，强调动作，是不及物动词；hear意为“听见……”，强调结果，是及物动词；thiink意为“认为”。例4--Whatanicemodelship!--Thankyou.It______methreedaystomakeit.A.paidB.spentC.tookD.wasted易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查几个表示“花费”的动词的用法辨析。pay意为“在某物上花钱”，主语是sb.；spend意为“花费时间或钱在某物上”,主语是sb.；take意为“花时间做某事”，用于句型Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.。根据句意，“我花了三天时间来制作轮船模型”，故选C。例5Theticketisonthefloor,please______.A.pickupitB.lookforC.pickitupD.lookitup易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查的是“动词+副词”短语的用法。根据句意：“这张票在地上，请把它捡起来。”首先排除B、D两项。当“动词+副词”短语的宾语为代词时，这个代词只能放在动词和副词之间，故选C。例6--MayIgofishingwithyou,Dad?--Ofcourse.Butyou______finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn’tB.mustC.wouldD.can’t易错点剖析答案为B。本题在语境中考查情态动词的用法。根据句意“爸爸，我可以和你一起去钓鱼吗？”“当然可以，但是你必须先做完作业。”，故选B。中考热身(A)1.–Mr.Wang,mustIcomeagainonSundaymorningtocleanthewindows?--No,you________.Ihaveaskedotherstodoit.【2009·广东】A.don’thavetoB.mustn’tC.can’tD.shouldn’t(B)2.–Excuseme,wherearewegoingtohaveourclassmeeting?--I’mnotsure.Askourmonitor,please.He________know.【2009·河南】A.canB.mayC.needD.shall(D)3.Thissilkdress________sosmooth.It’smadeinChina.【2009·河北】A.tastesB.smellsC.soundsD.feels(D)4.WhenIwasyoung,mymotheroften________meinterestingstories.【2009·广西贵港】A.spokeB.saidC.talkedD.told(B)5.You________jumpontoabuswhileitismoving.It’sdangerous.【2009·辽宁沈阳】79 A.maynotB.mustn’tC.mayD.must迎考精练基础过关训练(D)1.Inautumnwhenleaves______yellow,theysoonbegintofalldowntotheground.A.keepB.stayC.lookD.turn(A)2.Landingonthemoonsounds______.IhopeIcangothereoneday.A.wonderfulB.wonderfullyC.terribleD.terribly(C)3.–Don’tkickballsontheroad,boys!.--Sorry!______.A.WewillB.WeshallC.Wewon’tD.Wearen’t(B)4.–Let’sgotothesupermarketbytaxi.--We_____takeataxi.Itisnotfarfromhere.A.can’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t(A)5.–CanI________yourtextbook?Ileftmineathome.--Hereyouare.Doremembertobringitwithyounexttime.A.borrowB.lendC.keepD.have(B)6.–WhatwouldyousendtoyoursisterastheChristmasgift?--Ihaven’tdecidedyet..I_______sendherahandbag.A.shallB.mayC.mustD.should(C)7.–MayIwatchTVforawhile?--No,you______.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.mustn’tD.won’t(C)8.–Whycouldn’tyou________thecorrectspellingoftheword?--Err…Ihadn’tgotaChinese-Englishdictionaryahand.A.lookforB.lookdownC.lookupD.lookat(C)9.Yesterdayitrainedheavilywhenschoolwasover.We_______stayinourclassroom.A.shouldB.mustC.hadtoD.could(A)10.Tony______gototheoperaonSaturdaybecausehe’sgoingtohaveameeting.A.can’tB.mightC.mustn’tD.shoul能力提升训练I.根据所给汉语完成句子。1.Afterhearingthis,hisfaceturnedred(变红了).2.Thelittlegirllooksveryunhappy(看上去很不高兴)today.3.Thedishesdon’tsmellnice(闻起来不香)tome.4.Youneedn’twriteitdown(不必把它写下来).Ourteacherwillgiveusacopy.5.Youshouldbequiet(应该保持安静)whenyouareinthereadingroom.6.Bettycouldplaythepiano(会弹钢琴)attheageoffour.II.改正下列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.–IwanttoimprovemyEnglisj.--You’dbetterdon’tbeafraidofmakingmistakesandalwaysspeakingloudly..don’t→not2.ThewomanstandingunderthetreemaybeourEnglishteacher.maybe→maybe3.–Ihavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesthesedays.--Ithinkso.Youcanstop,foryourstudyandyourhealth..can→must4.–Mum,couldIplaywithmyclassmatesforawhileafterIdfinishmyhomework??--Yes,youcould.Butyoumustcomebackbeforesupper.could→can5.Theteachergotangrilybecausewedidn’tfinishourhomeworkontime.angrily→angry九动词的时态复习指要知识梳理1．动词的五种基本形式形式构成例词动词原形不带to的动词不定式，也就是词典中给出的一般形式do,hearkeep,teach第三人称单数形式在动词原形后加-senjoy→enjoysswim→swims以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的动词，在词尾加-esgo→goesfix→fixespass→passesteach→teacheswash→washes以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-escarry→carriesstudy→studies现在分词在动词原形后加-ingread→readingwait→waiting以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ingcome→comingmake→making以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ingbegin→beginningstop→stoppingswim→swimming少数几个以ie结尾的动词变ie为y，再加-ingdie→dyinglie→lyingtie→tying过去式与过去分词在动词原形后加-edlook→lookedwork→worked以e结尾的动词，直接加-dlive→livedmove→moved以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为i再加-edmarry→marriedstudy→studiedfit→fitted79 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edplan→plannedstop→stopped动词不规则变化见课本《不规则动词表》buyboughtboughtcomecamecomeknowknewknownreadreadread1．常用时态构成（以study为例）名称构成形式例句一般现在时①动词原形②第三人称单数形式肯定式WestudyEnglisheveryday.我们每天学习英语。HestudiesEnglisheveryday.他每天学习英语。否定式Wedon’tstudyEnglisheveryday.我们没有每天学习英语。Hedoesn’tstudyEnglisheveryday.他没有每天学习英语。疑问式及回答DoyoustudyEnglisheveryday?你们每天都学习英语吗？Yes,wedo.是的，我们是。/No,wedon’t.不，我们没有。DoeshestudyEnglisheveryday?他每天都学习英语吗？Yes,hedoes.是的，他是。/No,hedoesn’t.不，他没有。一般过去时动词过去式肯定式HestudiedEnglishyesterday.他昨天学了英语。否定式Hedidn’tstudyEnglishyesterday.他昨天没有学习英语。疑问式及回答DidhestudyEnglishyesterday?他昨天学了英语吗？Yes,hedid.是的，他学了。/No,hedidn’t.不，他没学。现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词肯定式HeisstudyingEnglishnow.他正在学习英语。WearestudyingEnglishnow.我们正在学习英语。否定式Heisn’tstudyingEnglishnow.他现在没有学习英语。Wearen’tstudyingEnglishnow.我们现在没有学习英语。疑问式及回答IshestudyingEnglishnow?他正在学习英语吗？Yes,heis.是的，他是。/No,heisn’t.不，他没有。AreyoustudyingEnglishnow?你们正在学习英语吗？Yes,weare.是的，我们是。/No,wearen’t.不，我们没有。过去进行时was/were+现在分词肯定式HewasstudyingEnglishthen.他那时正在学习英语。WewerestudyingEnglishthen.我们那时正在学习英语。否定式Hewasn’tstudyingEnglishthen.他那时没有学习英语。Weweren’tstudyingEnglishthen.我们那时没有学习英语。疑问式及回答WashestudyingEnglishthen?他那时正在学习英语吗？Yes,hewas.是的，他是。/No,hewasn’t.不，他没有。WereyoustudyingEnglishthen?你们那时正在学习英语吗？Yes,wewere.是的，我们是。/No,weweren’t.不，我们没有。一般将来时①will+动词原形②am/is/aregoingto+动词原形肯定式HewillstudyEnglishtomorrow.他明天将要学习英语。HeisgoingtostudyEnglishtomorrow.他明天将会学习英语。否定式Hewon’tstudyEnglishtomorrow.他明天将不会学习英语。Heisn’tgoingtostudyEnglishtomorrow.他明天将不会学习英语。疑问式及回答WillhestudyEnglishtomorrow?他明天将要学习英语吗？Yes,hewill.是的，他要。/No,hewon’t.不，他不会。IshegoingtostudyEnglishtomorrow?他明天将要学习英语吗？Yes,heis.是的，他打算学习。/No,heisn’t.不，他不打算学习。过去将来时①would+动词原形②was/weregoingto+动词原形肯定式HewouldstudyEnglishthenextday.他第二天将要学习英语。HewasgoingtostudyEnglishthenextday.他打算第二天学习英语。否定式Hewouldn’tstudyEnglishthenextday.他第二天将不会学习英语。Hewasn’tgoingtostudyEnglishthenextday.他不打算第二天学习英语。疑问式及回答WouldhestudyEnglishthenextday?他第二天将会学习英语吗？Yes,hewould.是的，他会。/No,hewouldn’t.不，他不会。79 WashegoingtostudyEnglishnextday?他打算第二天学习英语吗？Yes,hewas.是的，他打算。/No,hewasn’t.不，他不打算。现在完成时have/has+过去分词肯定式HehasalreadystudiedEnglish他已经学习英语了。WehavealreadystudiedEnglish.我们已经学习英语了。否定式Hehasn’tstudiedEnglishyet.他还没有学习英语。Wehaven’tstudiedEnglishyet.我们还没有学习英语。疑问式及回答HashestudiedEnglishyet?他学习英语了吗？Yes,hehas.是的，他学了。/No,hehasn’t.不，他没有。HaveyoustudiedEnglishyet?你们学习英语了吗？Yes,wehave.是的，我们学了。/No,wehaven’t.不，我们没有。过去完成时had+过去分词肯定式HehadstudiedEnglishbythen.到那时他已经学过英语了。否定式Hehadn’tstudiedEnglishbythen.到那时候他还没有学习英语。疑问式及回答HadhestudiedEnglishbythen?到那时候他学过英语了吗？Yes,hehad.是的，他学过了。/No,hehadn’t.不，他没有。3.各种时态的常用时间状语时态时间状语一般现在时always总是usually通常often经常sometimes有时 seldom很少never从来不everyday/year每天/年onceaweek一周一次inspring在春天fromtimetotime时常onWednesdaymorning在星期三早上一般过去时yesterday昨天thedaybeforeyesterday前天lastnight/year昨晚/去年twodaysago两天前in2005在2005年atthattime在那时justnow/amomentago刚才theotherday前几天onceuponatime从前intheolddays过去的日子里whenIwasyoung我小时候现在进行时now现在rightnow现在atthemoment此刻atpresent目前thesedays这些天thisweek这周Look!看!Listen!听!过去进行时then那时atthattime那时atthatmoment当时thistimeyesterday昨天这个时候atnineo’clocklastnight昨天晚上9点thewholemorning整个上午when从句while从句一般将来时tomorrow明天thedayaftertomorrow后天soon不久nextSunday下个星期天someday某天thisafternoon今天下午beforelong不久以后inafewdays几天后inthefuture在将来过去将来时thenextday第二天thenextweek下周thefollowingday第二天twodayslater两天以后现在完成时already已经just刚刚yet还，尚ever曾经never从不before以前forthreedays三天了foralongtime很长时间eversince自从sincethreedaysago自从三天前sincehecametoChina自从他来到中国sofar到目前为止till/untilnow直到现在uptonow直到现在recently近来thesedays这几天inthepast/lastfewyears在过去的几年里过去完成时already已经yet还;尚just刚still还bythattime到那时为止bytheendoflastyear到去年底before1993在1993年以前beforeIcamehere在我来这儿以前whenwegottothecinema当我们到达电影院时4．一般现在时的基本用法用法例句现在的状态、能力、性格、特征Iamamiddleschoolstudents.我是一个中学生。Heplaysbasketverywell.他篮球打得非常好。TheycomefromEurope.他们来自欧洲。经常性或习惯性动作或状态SheusuallywatchesTVonSaturdayevening.她通常在周六晚上看电视。Theygotoschoolonfooteveryday.他们每天步行上学。客观事实或普遍真理Thelighttravelsfasterthanthesound.光比声音传播得快。Themoonmovesroundtheearth.月球围绕地球转。Threeplustwomakesfive.3+2=5在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来He’llringyouupassoonashegetstoBeijing.他一到北京就给你打电话。Wewon’tgoswimmingifitrainstomorrow.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不会去游泳。79 表示计划或安排好的未来动作Schoolbeginsthedayaftertomorrow.学校后天开学。Theshipstartsatteno’clockinthemorning.轮船将于上午10点起航。4．一般过去时的基本用法用法例句表示过去某时间的动作或状态Hewasaworker3yearsago三年前他是工人。Webuiltalargelibrarylastyear.我们去年修了一个大型的图书馆。表示过去连续发生的动作Tomwaslate.Heopenedthedoorquietly,movedinandwalkedcarefullytohisseat.汤姆来晚了。他悄悄打开门进去，小心翼翼地走到自己的座位上。表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态Whenhewasyoung,hewenttoswimalmosteveryday.他年轻时，几乎每天都去游泳。在时间或条件状语从句中，表示过去将来HesaidhewouldbuyanEnglishdictionaryifhewenttothebookshop.他说如果他去书店，他将要买本英语词典。5．现在进行时的基本用法用法例句现在正在进行的动作Maryislisteningtotheteacher.玛丽在听老师讲。TheyarewatchingTVnow.他们现在在看电视。目前一段时间正在进行的动作Heiswritinganovelthesedays.这些天他在写一部小说。Wearestudyinghardthisterm.我们这个学期学习一直很努力。某些动词的进行时可表示将来的动作Heiscomingtoseehisuncletomorrow..他明天要来看他叔叔。TheyareleavingforLondonnextweek.他们下周将动身去伦敦。５．过去进行时的基本用法用法例句过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作Shewasdoingherhomeworkfromeighttoninelastnight.昨晚8点到9点她在做作业。Theywerehavingapicnicthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候他们正在搞野餐。一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个动作正在进行ItwasraininghardwhenIleftmyoffice.当我离开办公室时，雨下得正大。Whilewewerehavingaparty,thelightwentout.当我们正举行聚会时，灯突然灭了。两个过去动作同时进行Georgewasreadingwhilehiswifewaslisteningtotheradio.乔治在看书，而他妻子在听收音机。从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作Sheaskedhimifhewascomingbackforlunch.她问他是否准备回来吃午饭。Theywereleavingearlythenextmorning.他们第二天一大早就准备离开这儿了。６．一般将来时的基本用法用法例句表示将来的动作或状态Marywillbefifteenyearsoldtomorrow.玛丽明天满15岁。WillpeoplegototheVenusinthefuture?将来人们会到金星上去吗？表示打算、计划、安排或可能将发生的动作Look!Itisgoingtosnow.瞧，要下雪了。We’regoingtohaveameetingtodiscusstheplan.我们打算开会讨论这个计划。７．过去将来时的基本用法用法例句过去将要发生的动作或存在的状态(常用于宾语从句中)Ididn’tknowifshewouldcome.我不知道她是否会来。WangLeisaidthatshewasgoingtovisitherunclethenextSaturday.王蕾说她打算下周六去探望她叔叔。８．现在完成时的基本用法用法例句过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.她已经完成了这项工作。Hehasjustcomehome.他刚回到家。Theyhaven’tarrivedyet.他们还没有到。--Haveyoufoundyourlostpenyet?你找到丢失的笔了吗？--No,Ihaven’tfoundityet.不，我还没有找到。Ihaveneverseenthisfilmbefore.以前我从未看国这部电影。HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你去过加拿大吗？表示过去开始的某个动作延续到现在（用延续性动词）HehaslivedinAmericasince1960.从1960年开始他就一直住在美国。WehavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我们学习英语已经六年了。Tenyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.他离开家乡已经10年了。在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来（强调完成）We’llstartifithasstoppedrainingbythen.如果到那时雨停了的话，我们就动身。I’llgoshoppingwhenIhavefinishedmyhomework.我做完作业后就去买东西。９．过去完成时的基本用法79 用法例句表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成的动作Mr.Wanghadtaughtmathsforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.王老师来这儿以前已教了五年的数学。Ididn’tgotothecinemawithMarybecauseIhadseenittwice.我没有和玛丽去看电影去看电影，因为我已看过两次了。Bytheendoflastweekwehadlearnedthreeunits.到上周末为止，我们以学了三个单元。过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态Hesaidhehadworkedthereforthreeyears.他说他已在那儿工作三年了。Shesaidthatshehadmademuchprogresssinceshecamehere.她说自从来这儿以后她取得了很大的进步。LaoLidiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.老李昨天死了。他曾是我的一个好朋友。考点聚焦1．一般现在时表示计划、安排的将要发生的动作，通常只限于go,come,leave,start,begin,arrive,open,close等少数动词。Lookatthetimetable.ThetrainforBeijingAatseveno’clockintheevening.A.startsB.hasstarted2．在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。但当if和when引导宾语从句时，根据实际需要，仍可使用一般将来时。Idon’tknowifitBtomorrow.Ifit_____,I’llstayathome.A.rains;rainsB.willrain;rains3．表示人物内心感觉、态度或事物存在状态的动词，如like,love,want,know,hope,wish,forget,look(看起来),see(看见)等一般不用于进行时。--Byou_____him?--Yes,I_____.A.Are;knowing;amB.Do;know;do4．用进行时表示将来的动词，通常只限于arrive,come,fly,go,leave,move,return,start,take,travel等少数表示位置移动的动词。①Thebusiscomingsoon.②TheGreensarelevvingforMoscowtomorrow.5．现在进行时与always,usually,forever等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶、不满等情绪。①Heisalwayshelpingothers.Wealllikehim.②Youareusuallyplayingcomputergames.6．在含有宾语从句的复合句中,当主句谓语动词为一般过去时,从句必须是过去的某一种时态;若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，从句则不受主句时态的限制，仍然用一般现在时。①HeaskedmeifIBTVthistimeyesterday.A.amwatchingB.waswatching②TheteachertoldthatlightBfasterthansound.A.traveledB.travels7．begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。①Lookatthedarkclouds!ItArain.A.isgoingtoB.will②HeBbetwentyyearsoldnextyear.A.isgoingtoB.will8．already,yet在现在完成时中的用法：alreday一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句。MaryhascomeA,butTomhasn’tcome_____.A.already;yetB.yet;already9．since和for在现在完成时中的用法：for后接时间段，since后接时间点或时间状语从句。since引导的时间状语从句用过去时,主句用现在完成时。常见的句型有：Itis+一段时间+since从句(一般过去时);一段时间+has/havepassed+since从句（一般过去时）等。①Mr.BrownhasworkedinChinaforaboutfiveyears.②Mr.BrownhasworkedinChinasince2002.③Theyhavelivedinthiscitysincetheygotmarried.④Itistwoyearssinceheleft.10.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，延续到现在的动作和状态时时，与表示一段时间的状语连用，要用延续性动词，如keep,know,learn,live,read,sleep,stay,study,teach,wait,watch,work等。非延续性动词arrive,become,begin,borrow,buy,close,come,die,end,finish,go,join,leave,open,start等词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，但否定式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。①HehastaughtEnglishfortenyears.②Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheycamehere.③Hehasn’tleftourcountrysince2001.11．非延续性动词转换以后，可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用连用。常用非延续性动词的变化如下：borrow→keepbegin/start→beonfinish→beoverbuy→have/owncome/go→beat/indie→bedeadreceive→havegoout→beoutopen→beopenputon→weargetup→beupclose→beclosedgettoknow→knowjoin→beinleave→beawayfromcatchacold→haveacoldgotobed→beinbedarrive/reach/get→bein/atgotosleep→sleepreturn→bebacklose→belostmarry→bemarriedfallasleep→beasleepfallill→beill①IAthatbookforonemonth.A.havekeptB.haveborrowed②HeBhiscomputerforthreeyears.A.hasboughtB.hashad③ThemeetingAsincehalfanhourago.79 A.hasbeenonB.hasbegun④MyfatherBthePartyfortenyears.A.hasjoinedB.hasbeenin⑤HisgrandfatherBformanyyears.A.hasdiedB.hasbeendead要表达“他的爷爷去世多年了。”也可以说：Hisgrandfatherdiedmanyyearsago.Itis/hasbeenmanyyearssincehisgrandfatherdied.Manyyearshas/havepassedsincehisgrandfatherdied.12．have/hasbeento意为“去过、到过某地”,但现在人不在那儿；have/hasgoneto意为“到某地去了”，指现在人不在“这里”，只用于第三人称。--IsMr.Wangathome?I’dliketohaveatalkwithhim.--Sorry,heisn’t.HeAtoShanghai.A.hasgoneB.hasbeen13．现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响、结果或过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，强调现在，不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；一般过去时强调过去的动作或状态，与现在无关,常与yesterday,lastweek/month/year,…ago,in1949或when引导的时间状语从句等表示过去的时间状语连用。①IAthebooktothelibraryandI_____itlastweek.A.havereturned;returnedB.havereturned;havereturned②--WhenByou_____toyourhometowm?--Twoyearsago.A.have;returnedB.did;return14．before和ago的用法区别：before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”,常和完成时连用;ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常和过去时连用。--HaveyoueverreadthisbookA?--Yes.Ireadittwoyears_____.A.before;agoB.ago;before15.过去完成时表示某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作(过去的过去),在含有以when,before,after,assoonas等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词表示的过去动作是在不同的时间发生的,先发生的动作用过去完成时。①Thefilmhadalreadybegunwhenwegottothecinema.②IhadstudiedEnglishbeforeIcamehere.备考兵法重点、难点（1）动词的五种基本形式。（2）常用时态的肯定、否定、疑问形式的构成。（3）常用时态的时间状语。（4）常用时态的基本用法。（5）一些时态的特殊用法,如一般现在时在条件或时间状语从句中表将来的用法。（6）一般过去时和过去进行时的区别。（7）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。（8）现在完成时中非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。（9）havebeento与havegoneto的用法。（10）复合句中主从句时态一致及特殊情况。识记巩固根据范例写出下列动词的4种形式。例：workworksworkingworkedworked1.beginbeginsbeginningbeganbegun2.comecomescomingcamecome3.diediesdyingdieddied4.enjoyenjoysenjoyingenjoyedenjoyed5.gogoesgoingwentgone6.havehashavinghadhad7.stopstopsstoppingstoppedstopped8.studystudiesstudyingstudiedstudied9.swimswimsswimmingswamswum10.teachteachesteachingtaughttaught典例解析例1Sam________ChinesesincehecametoChina.HespeaksgoodChinesenow.A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.willlearn易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查现在完成时的用法。现在完成时的用法之一是表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。根据句意：“Sam自从来到中国一直在学汉语。现在他的汉语说得很好。”故选C。变式训练①–Whendidyoubecomeavolunteer?-Twoyearsago.I_________thisgroupsincethen.A.joinedinB.tookpartinC.havejoinedD.havebeenin答案为D。由sincethen可知该用现在完成时，首先排除A、B。又因为join为非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，要转换成bein…才行，故选D。②--Howlonghashe______thedictionary?--Fortwoyeass.A.borrowedB.lentC.hadD.bought答案为C。borrow,lend,buy三个都是非延续性动词,不能与fortwoyears短语连用。非延续性动词完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaven’treceivedhisletterforalongtime.Jackhasn’tseenhersofar.③Hecamebacktwohoursago.（改为同义句）He________________backfortwohours.答案为hasbeen。因动词came为非延续性动词，用于现在完成时并与表示一段时间的状语连用时，必须转换为延续性动词。例2–Hello!CanIspeaktoMr.White?--Sorry,heisn’thererightnow.He______tothethemepark.79 A.willgoB.wasgoingC.hasgoneD.hasbeen易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查hasbeento和hasgoneto的用法区别。hasbeento表示“去过某地已返回”，hasgoneto表示“去了某地还未返回”，根据句意：“抱歉，他不在这里。他到主题公园去了。”故选C。例3I’llgoforawalkwithyouifit________tomorrow.A.won’tB.doesn’trainC.willrainD.notrains易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查一般现在时在条件状语从句中表示将来的用法。在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，当主句使用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。故选B。变式训练--Sam,doyouknowifAlice________tomypartynextweek?--Ithinkshewillcomeifshe________free.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe答案为C。本题考查if引导宾语从句和状语从句时从句时态的区别。从题干结构看，第一个句子中，if引导的从句为宾语从句，根据句意：“爱丽丝下周是否会参加聚会。”，此处该用一般将来时；第二句中，if引导的从句为时间状语从句，该用一般现在时表将来。例4--Howdidtheaccidenthappen?--Youknow,it________difficulttoseetheroadclearlybecauseit________.A.was;wasrainingB.is;hasrainedC.is;israiningD.willbe;willraining易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查一般过去时和过去进行时的用法。问句：“事故是如何发生的？”句中动词为一般过去时，回答者说明当时的情况，很显然答句应用过去时态。根据句意：“因为天正下着雨，所以很难看清楚路。”此处动词rain该用过去进行时，故选A。例5--Shush,bequiet!Thebaby________inthenextroom.--OK.Sorry.A.sleepB.sleptC.sleepsD.issleeping易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查现在进行时态的用法。根据句意：“嘘，安静！婴儿正在隔壁房间睡觉。”因此确定动词用现在进行时，故选D。例6They________hertotheparty,soshewasveryhappy.A.inviteB.invitedC.willinviteD.areinviting易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查并列句中时态一致的用法。题干中第二个分句中动词为was，因此第一个分句的动词也应用过去时，句意为：“他们邀请了她参加聚会，因此她很高兴。”故选B。变式训练Hef________offhisbikethismorning.Asaresult,hisarmwasbroken.答案为fell。根据句意：“他今天上午从自行车上摔下来。“从……落下”用falloff，且句中有时间状语thismorning。例7Theteachersaidshe______somebookstotheclassintheafternoon.A.wouldbringB.willbringC.bringD.brought易错点剖析答案为A.。本题考查宾语从句和主句时态一致的用法。当主句为过去时态时，宾语从句要使用相应的过去时态。根据句意：“老师说下午她将给同学们带一些书来。”因此用过去将来时。中考热身(C)1.–Ifyou________carefully,you________thereportwell.【2009·广东广州】A.willlisten;willbeunderstoodB.willlisten;understandC.listen;willunderstandD.listen;understand(D)2.Look!Theworkers________abridgeovertheriver.【2009·广西南宁】A.buildB.builtC.willbuildD.arebuilding(B)3.–DidyougiveTomaphonecall?--Yes,Idid.Butnobody________.【2009·河南】A.answerB.answeredC.willanswerD.hadanswered(A)4.A/H1N1fluisterrible,butourgovernment________actiontopreventitalready..【2009·安徽芜湖】A.hastakenB.tookC.willtakeD.wastaking(C)5.–Jack,Ihaven’tseenyourbrotherforalongtime.--He________Shanghaionbusinessfortwomonths.【2009·福建福州】A.wenttoB.hasgonetoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeento(C)6.–Whatdidyourteachersayjustnow?--Sorry,Idon’tknow.I________onthephone.【2009·四川南充】A.amtalkingB.talkC.wastalking迎考精练基础过关训练(B)1.Idon’tbelieveyou’vealreadyfinishedthebook—I_________ittoyouthismorning!A.waslendingB.lentC.havelentD.lend(C)2.–Isthatanewly-opened(新开发的)shop?--No,it______fornearlyayear.A.hasopenedB.wasopenedC.hasbeenopenD.hasbeenopened(C)3.–Canyourfatherdrive?--Yes,andheusually______toschool.A.droveB.isdrivingC.drivesD.hasdriven(B)4.–DoyouknowwhenDr.White_____fordinnerthisevening?--No,butIthinkhe_____whenheisfree.A.willcome;comesB.willcome;willcomeC.comes;comesD.comes;willcome(D)5.--______you______yourdrawing?--Notyet.Itwillbedoneinafewminutes.79 A.Did;finishB.Will:finishC.Do;finishD.Have;finished(D)6.Ourteachertoldusthesun________intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risingD.rises(B)7.Helenlovestotalkabouttravel.She________manyplaces.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasgoneforD.hasbeenfrom(C)8.–Didyouseetheaccidentyesterday?--Yes.IthappenedwhenI________pastthemuseum.A.walkB.amwalkingC.waswalkingD.willwalk(D)9.–Whereismydad,Mum?--Oh,he________XiaoShenyang”svideointhebedroom.A.watchesB.watchC.haswatchedD.iswatching(D)10.Katedidn’tgotoseethefilmwithme.Shesaidshe_____itbefore.A.sawB.wouldseeC.hasseenD.hadseen能力提升训练I.根据所给汉语完成句子，每空一词。1.Theyoungmanhasbeenawayfrom(离开)hishometownfortwoyears.2.Sheaskedhimwhetherhewouldcomebackforlunch(要回来吃午饭).3.Itistwentyyearssincehebegantoteach(自从他开始教)Englishinthisschool.4.Thenaughtyboyisalwaystalking(老是说话)inclass.5.MyfriendandIwerelisteningtomusic(正在听音乐)athomeateightyesterdayevening.6.Thereisgoingtobe(将有)afootballmatchnextWednesdayafternoon.II.改正下列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.–CouldyoupleasetellJimthatIwillcallhimlater?--Sure.I’lltellhimwhenhewillcome.willcome→comes2.–CanIhelpyou,madam?--Yes.Iboughtthiswatchhere.yesterday,butitdidn’twork.didn’t→doesn’t3.Mr.Zhangisateacherofrichexperience.HetaughtEmglishfor20years.taught→hastaught4.–WhereisMrs.Wilson?--Isawherinthelibraryrightnow.I’mnotsureifsheisstillthere.right→just5.–Ihavefinishedmycomposition?--Whenhaveyoufinishedit?have…finished→did…finish十动词的语态复习指要知识梳理1．主动语态与被动语态时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroom.我们打扫教室。Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.教室被我们打扫。一般过去时didwas/were+doneHemadethekiteyesterday.她昨天做了蛋糕。Thekitewasmadebyhim.yesterday.风筝是他昨天做的。一般将来时will/begoingto+dowill/begoingto+bedoneTheywillplanttreesnextyear.他们明年将植树。Treeswillbeplantedbythemnextyear.明年树将由他们种植。过去将来时would/begoingto+dowould/begoingto+bedoneShesaidshewouldwriteanovel.她说过她将要写部小说。Shesaidanovelwouldbewrittenbyher她说过一部小说将由她写。现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdoneShe’sdrawingapicturenow.她现在正在画画。Apictureisbeingdrawnbyhernow.一张画正在由她画着。过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+beingdoneShewaswateringtheflowersatthattime.她那时正在浇花。Theflowerswerebeingwateredbyheratthattime.那时花正由她浇着。现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendoneJimhasmendedthecar.吉姆已经修了车。ThecarhasbeenmendedbyJim.车已经被吉姆修好了。过去完成时had+donehad+beendoneAnnhadboughtawatch.安买了一只表。AwatchhadbeenboughtbyAnn.表已经被安买了。情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedoneWecanseethestarsatnight.我们在晚上能看到星星。Thestarscanbeseenbyusatnight.星星在晚上能被我们看见。考点聚焦1.被动语态的否定式在第一个助动词后加not；疑问式将第一个助动词提前至句首。①BooksAoutofthelibrary.A.mustn’tbetakenB.mustbenottaken79 ②Bourhomework_____thisafternoon?1.A.Willbe;finishedB.Will;befinished2.主动语态变为被动语态时，被动语态和主动语态的动词时态应保持一致，时态在be动词上体现。①Edisoninventedthelight.(主动语态)→ThelightwasinventedbyEdison.(被动语态)②TheyarewartchingTVshows.(主动语态)→TVshowsarebeingwatchedbythem.(被动语态)3．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动被动语态时，直接宾语和间接宾语都可以作被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。①Theteachershowedussomepicturesinclass.(变为被动语态)→Wewereshownsomepicturesbytheteacherinclass.Somepictureswereshowntousbytheteacherinclass.②AbigbirthdaycakeAhernextweek.A.willbemadeforherB.willbemadeher直接宾语位于间接宾语之前，与介词to搭配的动词有bring/give/hand/lend/offer/pass/pay/post/promise/return/sell/send/show/take/teach/tell//write等；与介词for搭配的动词有buy/choose/cook/draw/fetch/find/get/keep/make/order/paint/pick等。4．主动语态的谓语动词为短语动词，在变为被动语态时，不能丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。①Theylaughedathimatthemeeting.(变为被动语态)→Hewaslaughedatbythematthemeeting.②OldmenApolitely.A.shouldbespokentoB.shouldbespoken5．带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。①Isawtheboysplayingfootballontheplayground(变为被动语态)→Theboyswereseenplayingfootballontheplayground.②SheaskedmetohelpherwithherEnglish.(变为被动语态)→IwasaskedtohelpherwithherEnglish.6．主动句中的感官动词see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等，以及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。①Wesawthemanenterthehouse.(变为被动语态)→Themanwasseentoenterthehouse.②TheworkersweremadeB12hoursadayintheolddays.A.workB.towork7．Itis+said/thought/known/reported/believed+that从句表示“据说”“据报道”“相信”“众所周知”等。ItBthatanoldscientistwillgiveusatalk.A.saidB.issaid8．不及物动词或词组，没有被动语态。如：happen（发生）,takeplace（发生），,breakout（爆发）等。ThetrafficaccidentBonacoldrainynight.A.washappenedB.happened9．sell,wash,drive,work等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动形式表被动意义。ThiskindofshirtBwellhere.A.issoldB.sells10．look,sound,taste,feel,smell等感官系动词用主动形式表被动意义。--Don’tyoulikethematerial?--Yes,itBverysoft.A.isfeltB.feels备考兵法重点难点（1）一般现在时被动语态的构成及用法。（2）一般过去时被动语态的构成及用法。（3）一般将来时被动语态的构成及用法。（4）现在完成时被动语态的构成及用法。（5）情态动词被动语态的构成及用法。（6）主动语态变为被动语态的方法及一些特殊变化。（7）被动语态的基本句型及习惯用法。识记巩固Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Thewindowwasbroken(break)byTomyesterday.2.Ourclassroomiscleaned(clean)everydaysoitisveryclean.3.Yourcomputercanberepaired(repair)intwodays.4.Anewhospitalisbeingbuilt(build)inourhometownnow.Itwillbecompleted(complete)nextyear.5.–Hasyourhomeworkbeenfinished(finish)yet?--Yes.Itwasfinished(finish)justafewminutesago.Ⅱ.根据括号里的要求改写句子。1．Wemustsendthesickmantohospitalatonce.(改为被动句)Thesickmanmustbesenttohospitalatonce.2.Thepolicemansawathiefrushintoabank.(改为被动句)Athiefwasseentorushintoabankbythepoliceman.3.LiFengmadethebabystopcrying.(改为被动句)ThebabywasmadetostopcryingbyLiFeng.4.Wenoticedalotofstudentsplayinggamesontheplayground.(改为被动句)Alotofstudentswerenoticedplaying_gamesontheplayground.5.Thelittlechildneedn’tbelookedafterbythem.(改为主动句)Theyneedn’tlookafterthelittlechild.79 6.Theroomisusedtoplayping-pongbypeople.(改为主动句)Peopleusetheroomtoplayping-pong.典例解析例1UsuallyJohn_______toschoolinhisfather’sbeautifulcar.A.hastakenB.istakingC.istakenD.hasbeentaken易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。题干中主语John和谓语动词take是被动关系，据此排除A、B。又因时间状语是usually，故选C。变式训练1Iwon’tgotoherpartyunlessmybestfriendJack________.A.willinviteB.willbeinvitedC.isinvitedD.invites答案为C。题干中主语Jack和谓语动词take是被动关系，因此要用被动语态。当主句谓语动词为一般将来时，unless引导的条件状语从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表将来。变式训练2Theyplantalotoftreesinourhometowneveryyear.（改为被动语态）Alotoftrees_______________inourhometowneveryyear.主动句中谓语动词plant为一般现在时，且主语trees为复数，故答案为areplanted。例2Don’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’swork________today.A.maydoB.mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查情态动词的被动语态。题干中主语work和谓语动词do是被动关系，故应选择被动语态。根据句意：“不要把今天的工作推到明天。我的意思是，今天的工作必须今天做。”故选D。变式训练Oldpeoplemust_____politely.A.besopkentoB.speaktoC.bespokenD.speak答案为A。本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。根据题意：“对老人说话应该有礼貌。”主语oldpeople是动词短语speakto的承受者，因此用被动语态,而且短语中的介词to不能去掉,故选择A。例3It’scommonknowledgethatblacktea________inChinamorethan600yearsago.A.isinventedB.wasinventedC.inventsD.invented易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。题干中主语theblacktea是invent的动作承受者，故应用被动语态。又因为时间状语morethan600yearsago是表示过去的时间状语，故选B。例4ItisreportedthattheUndergroundLineNo.3______inourcityin2010.A.willbuildB.hasbuiltC.willbebuiltD.hasbeenbuilt易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。题干中主语theUndergroundLine3是build的动作承受者,故应用被动语态。又因为in2010是表示将来的时间状语，故选C。例5Thedress______smoothandsoft.A.feltB.feelsC.isfeltD.isfeeling易错点剖析答案为B。feel,smell等感官系动词用主动形式表被动意义,不能使用被动语态,因此首先排除C。又因本句表示的是现在的状态，故选择B。中考热身(A)1.–Mom,canIgoouttoplaybasketball?--Sure.Butyourhomework________first.【2009·广西贵港】A.mustbefinishedB.mustfinishC.willfinishD.finish(B)2.–TreePlantingDayiscoming.Doyouplanttreesinspring?--Yes,manytrees_______inourcityeveryyear.【2009·黑龙江绥化】A.areplantingB.areplantedC.wereplanted(D)3.–Lastyear,Mary,acollegestudent,________toworkfortheUN.--Howluckyshewas!【2009·新疆】A.ischoosingB.ischosenC.waschoosingD.waschosen(C)4.–Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou________thisjob?--Well,I’mthinkingabouttheworkingday.【2009·江苏南京】A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered5.Youmustthrowthebrokenbotteryawayatonce.(改为被动语态)【2009·广东广州】Thebrokenbotterymustbethrownawayatonce.6.Thegovernmentwillbuildanewschoolthere.【2009·广东茂名】Anewschoolwillbebuilttherebythegovernment.迎考精练基础过关训练(C)1.–Whydidyouleaveyourcitylastyear?--BecauseI________anewjobinanothercity.A.offeredB.amofferedC.wasofferedD.hasaffered(A)2.Don’tworry.Allthechildren________bythenurses.A.arewelltakencareofB.takecareofC.aretakengoodcareD.takegoodcare(D)3.–Peoplesaythesubway(地铁)______buildinginHarbininafewyears.--Sounds______.Ihaveneverseenitbefore.79 A.willfinish;interestingB.isfinished;interestedC.hasbeenfinished;interestedD.willbefinished;interesting(B)4.--Hownicethebuildingis!Whatisitusedfor?--It________asahotel.ButI’mnotsure.A.mustbeusedB.isusedC.maybeusedD.isusing(A)5.Wecan’tgoonwiththeexperimentbecausethecomputer________.A.hasn’tbeenrepairedB.didn’trepairC.wasn’trepairedD.hasn’trepaired(B)6.–Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?--Notyet.We’vebeentoldthatthepapers_____.A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarkedC.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked(C)7.Theworldhasabigheadacheandit________bymoney.ItbeganinAmericalastyear.A.causeB.causesC.iscausedD.arecaused(C)8.SomeofthechildreninChina_____alotofhomeworkeveryday.A.aremadedoB.madetodoC.aremadetodoD.havemadedo(C)9.It_____thatJay_____aconcertinBeijingnextmonth.A.reports;holdB.reported;holdC.isreported;willholdD.isreported;held(B)10.–Henry,you_____onthephone.--Oh,_____.Thankyou.A.arewanted;IcomeB.arewanted;I’mcomingC.arebeingwanted;IcomeD.arewanting;I’mcoming能力提升训练根据汉语完成句子，一空一词。1.Therearenofishinthisriverbecausethewaterinithasbeenpolluted(已被污染).2.Thesportsmeetingwillbeheld(将举行)inthestadiumthisafternoon.3.Travellersarenotallowed(不允许)tousemobilephoneswhileflying.4.Thegirlsareoftenseentodance(经常被看见在跳舞)underthetree.5.Watercanbechangedinto(能变成)iceifitiscoldenough.II．改正下列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.–Susanstaysaloneintheclassroomandlookssad.--Whatwashappenedtoher?was→has2.–David,turnofftheTVifnooneiswatchingit.--Butithasturnedoffalready!Themusicisfromtheradio..hasturned→hasbeenturned3.Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?It’llbestayedfreshforseveraldays.bestayed→stay4.Teachersshouldbelistenedcarefullyinclass.在listened后加上to5.–Whatareonshowninthemuseum?--SomephotosweretakenbyAfricanchildren.删掉were十一非谓语动词复习指要知识梳理1．不定式（1）不定式的句法功能功能例句主语ToreadEnglisheverymorningisnecessary.=ItisnecessarytoreadEnglisheverymorning.每天早上读英语是有必要的。Toworkhereisapleasure.=Itisapleasuretoworkhere.在这儿工作是一件愉快的事。宾语Shewantstogoabroadaftergraduation.毕业以后她想出国。Manypeopledecidenottothinkaboutit.很多人决定不去想这件事。宾语补足语Mothertoldmetobuysomeeggs.妈妈让我去买些鸡蛋。Iseethemplaybasketballeveryday.我每天看见他们打篮球。表语Mydreamistotravelaroundtheworld.我的梦想是环游全世界。定语Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.我有一个重要的会议要参加。Ineedapentowritewith.我需要一支钢笔写字。作状语表目的Hegotupatfiveo’clocktocatchtheearlybus.他五点种起床以便赶上早班车。表结果Heistooyoungtowork.他太小还不能工作。Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她已够上学的年龄了。表原因Iamverygladtoseeyou.我非常高兴见到你。（2）.不定式的常用结构结构例句not+不定式Hedecidednottosmokeagain.他决定不再吸烟了。Shetoldmenottoopenthewindow.她告诉我不要打开窗户。too…todo太……（以致）不能It’snevertoooldtolearn.活到老，学到老。Theboxistooheavyforhimtolift.=Theboxissoheavythathecan’tliftit.这个箱子太沉了，他抬不起来。Heisrichenoughtobuyacar.79 形容词/副词+enoughtodo足以做……他很富有，可以买辆小汽车。TomrunsfastenoughtocatchupwithLiLei.=TomrunssofastthathecancatchupwithLiLei.汤姆跑得那么快，能赶上李雷。疑问词+todoHedidn’tknowhowtodoit.他不知道如何做。Idon’tknowwhattobuyforyou.我不知道买什么东西给你。have/has/hadtodo不得不Itisrainingheavily,sowehavetostayintheclassroom.雨下得很大，我们不得不呆在教室里。inorderto/soastodo以便；为了Hegotupearlysoastomeethisparentsattheairport.为了到机场去接他的父母，他起得很早。Therebe…todoThereisroomtoclean.有一个房间要打扫。Therearesomeclothestowash.有些衣服要洗。Itis(was)+形容词+for+名（代）词+todosth.Itwashardforhimtosaygoodbye.对他来讲，说声再见是很困难的。Itisimportantforustolearnfromeachother.互相学习对我们来说是重要的。Itis(was)+形容词+of+名（代）词+todosth.Itwascleverofhimtotakeanumbrellawithhim.他带了伞真是太聪明了。ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.=YouareverykindtohelpmewithmyEnglish.你帮助我学英语真是太好了。It’sone’sturntodosth,It’smyturntotellthestory.轮到我讲故事了。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.IttookhimthreehourstorepairtheTV.他用了三小时修理这台电视。Itusuallytakesustwohourstodoourhomeworkeveryday.我们每天通常花两个小时做作业。Itis/wastimeforsb.todosth.Itistimeforustohaveabreaknow.现在该我们休息了。2．动词-ing形式功能例句主语Walikngisgoodforourhealth.步行有利于我们的健康。表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.他的爱好是集邮。Thefootballmatchwasveryexciting.那场足球赛非常令人激动。宾语动词宾语Heenjoyslisteningtoclassicalmusicverymuch.我非常喜欢听古典音乐。Ihaven’tfinishedreadingthenovelyet.我还没有读完那本小说。介词宾语Sheisgoodatplayingthepiano.她擅长弹钢琴。Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信的。宾语补足语Don’tkeepuswaitingforalongtime.不要让我们等得太久。Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门。定语Doyouknowthegirlstandingunderthetree?你认识正在树下站着的那位女孩吗？Thecryingchildcan’tfindhismother.那个正在哭的孩子找不到他的母亲。状语Seeingherparents,thelittlegirlcriedevenharder.那个小女孩看到她的父母时，哭得更厉害了。Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。3．-ed分词功能例句表语Heseemedexcitedwhenheheardthenews.他听到这个消息时似乎很激动。Thedoorremainedlocked.门仍然锁着。定语Thebrokenglassisonthefloor.被打破的那个玻璃杯在地板上。DoyoulikereadingnovelswrittenbyMarkTwain?你喜欢看马克·吐温写的小说吗？宾语补足语I’mgoingtohavemycarrepairedthisafternoon.今天下午我要把我的车送去修理。It’sverydifficultforhimtomakehimselfunderstood.他让别人听懂他的话很困难。状语Givenmoremoney,wecouldtraveltomanycountries.如果多给点钱，我们会去更多的地方。考点聚焦1．不定式短语、v-ing形式短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。ToworkouttheseproblemsAdifficultforus.A.isB.are2.不定式、-ing形式作主语，常用it作形式主语。Bisveryenjobabletotravelbytrain.A.ThisB.It3．Itis(was)+形容词+of/for+sb.+todosth.句型中应注意of和for的区别：ofsb.句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,right,wrong,等；forsb.句型一般用表示客观情况的形容词，如：easy,difficult,hard,important,interesting,possible等。ofsb.句型可以转换成一个不定式作状语的句子，而forsb.句型则不可以。①Itisfoolishofyoutosayso.=Youarefoolishtosayso.②Itisdangerousforchildrentoswimintheriver.4．动词agree,ask,begin,choose,dare,decide,expect,forget,get,hate,help,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,need,offer,plan,79 prefer,promise,refuse,remember,start,try,want,wish,wouldlike等动词后常用不定式作宾语。(注：help之后的不定式符号“to”可带，亦可不带).We’vedecidedAtheGreatWall.A.tovisitB.visit5．动词advise,allow,ask,beg,enable,encourage,expect,find,get,hate,help,invite,like,order,prefer,teach,tell,waitfor,want,warn,wish,wouldlike等后带不定式做宾语补足语。（help后面的宾语补足语既可带，也可省略。）MyparentsoftenencouragemeBspeakingEnglishwithforeigners.A.practiceB.topractice6．一些使役动词和感官动词后要用不带to的动词不定式作宾补。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。当这类动词用于被动语态时，作宾补的不定式前要加上to（let除外）。①Ididn’tseeanybodyAintothehouse.A.goB.togo②TheoldmachinewasmadeBworkingbytheyoungman.A.startB.tostart7．在Whynot+do…,hadbetter(not)do…,wouldratherdo…thando,Could/Would/Willyouplease(not)do…等句型或短语中，动词不定式要省略to。IwouldratherAathomethan______outwithyou.A.stay;goB.tostay;togo8．“特殊疑问词who/whom/what/which/when/where/why/how+不定式”构成的不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。常带“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的动词有：know,show,teach,tell,findout,learn,forget等。①ThequestionisBthemeeting.A.whenbeginB.whentobegin②Hedoesn’tknowAapumpkinpie.A.howtomakeB.whattodo9．不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。如果不定式的动词为不及物动词，且与被修饰的名词或代词之间有动宾关系，动词后面应有必要的介词。HeislookingforaroomB.A.toliveB.tolivein10．动词advise,allow,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,keep,like,mind,miss,practise,stop,suggest等以及短语bebusy,beworth,,can’thelp,feellike,giveup,havefun,havetrouble/problem/difficulty(in),spend…(in),stop…(from)等后常用–ing形式作宾语。①HisfatherhasgivenupA.A.smokingB.tosmoke②WehadgreatfunBintheparkyesterday.A.playedB.playing11．What/Howabout…?Thankyoufor…,begoodat,beinterestedin,lookforwardto,givelifeto,makeacontributionto,be/getusedto,payattentionto,succeedin等结构中，介词后只能接v-ing形式作宾语。HegavehislifetoBtheChinesepeople.A.helpB.helping12．like,stop,forget,remember,try,continue,regret,goon等动词或词组后可以接不定式和-ing作宾语,但意义不同。stoptodosth.停下（正在做的事）去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事liketodosth.喜欢做某事（指某次具体的行为）likedoingsth.喜欢做某事（指惯常的行为）forget/remembertodosth.忘记/记得要做某事（未做）forget/rememberdoingsth.忘记/记得曾做过某事（已做）goontodosth.继续做另一件事情goondoingsth.接着做同一件事情trytodosth.试图或努力去做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事①Wearetootired.Let’sstopBarest.A.havingB.tohave②Don’tforgetAmyparentswhenyou’reinWuhan.A.toseeB.seeing13．感官动词see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等之后接不带to的不定式做宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接-ing形式做宾补，表示动作正在进行。①IheardherBintheclassroomatthattime.A.singB.singing②WesawtheyoungmanAintoablackcaranddroveaway.A.getB.getting14.“too…todo”太……（以致）不能，“形容词/副词+enoughtodo”足以做……可以转换为“so…that…”如此……以致于……Thequestionsweretoodifficultforustoanswer.=Thequestionswerenoteasyenoughforustoanswer.=Thequestionsweresodifficultthatwecouldn’tanswerthem.备考兵法重点、难点（1）非谓语动词的形式和句法功能。（2）不定式的复合结构。（3）疑问词+不定式的用法。（4）接动词不定式作宾语的动词。（5）动词不定式中to的省略。（6）接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词。（7）动词-ing形式与动词不定式作宾语的区别。（8）非谓语动词短语与句子之间的转换。（9）非谓语动词的逻辑主语、否定形式。79 （10）非谓语动词构成的固定短语和常用句型。识记巩固选词填空。1.It(This,It)isveryeasytoanswerthisquestion.2.I’mverysorrytokeepyouwaiting(waiting,towait)long.3.Mybrotherisgoodatplaying(toplay,playing)football.4.Toteach(Teach,Toteach)Englishisherjob.5.Seen(Seeing,Seen)fromthetopofthemountain,thewholetownlooksmorebeautiful.6.I’mgoingtohavemycomputerrepaired(repaired,repairing)afterschool.7.Sinceyouaretired(tiring,tired),youcanstopworking(working,towork)tohave(have,tohave)arest.8.Thelittleboyisoftenmadetocry(cry,tocry)byTom,hiselderbrother.9.Thankyouforlooking(look,looking)aftermygrandpawhenIwasaway.10.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottotalk(didn’ttalk,nottotalk)inclass.典例解析例1--Howabout________intheriverwithus?--Sorry,Ican’t.Myparentsoftentellme________that.A.swim;don’tdoB.swim;todoC.swimming;notdoD.swimming;nottodo易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查动词-ing形式作介词宾语和不定式作宾语补足语的用法。Howabout…?结构中about为介词，后面应接动词-ing形式作宾语。答语意为：“我父母经常叫我不要那样做。”“叫某人不要做某事”用tellsb.nottodosth.。故选D。例2–Howdidyourparentslikeyouridea?--Theyalwaysletme________whatIthinkisright.A.todoB.doC.doingD.amdoing答案为B。本题考查动词不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的用法。英语中有些动词接不定式作宾补，不定式要省略to，常用的这类词和词组有：feel,hear,listen,let,make,have,see,lookat,watch,notice等。答语意为“他们总是让我做我认为正确的事情。”应用letsb.dosth.，故选B。变式训练Thegirlwasoftenheard________happilyinherroom.A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sings答案为B。本题意为：“那个女孩经常被听见在她的房间里愉快地唱歌。”因此用beheardtodosth.。hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have等动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，当这些动词用于被动语态时，不定式要带to。例3--Hi,Tom!Canyoutellmewhen________forLondon?--Yes,tomorrowafternoon.A.leavingB.leavesC.toleaveD.areyouleaving易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查“疑问词+todo”作宾语的用法。题干中疑问副词when后应接动词不定式作宾语，故选C。变式训练CouldyoushowmehowIcandownloadmusicfromtheInternet?（改写为同意句）Couldyoushowme________________________musicfromtheInternet?答案为：howtodownload。在动词know,show,teach,tell,findout,learn,forget等后常跟宾语从句作宾语,可以转换为“疑问词+todo”。例4--MyEnglishispoor,wouldyoumind________me?--Notatall.Let’sgoandpractice.A.teachingB.toteachC.teachD.taught易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查动词带-ing形式作宾语的用法。mind后接-ing形式作宾语,故选A。例5Mr.Greenaskedustostop________.Sowestopped________tohimatonce.A.talking;listeningB.totalk;listeningC.talking;tolistenD.totalk;tolisten易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查stop后接动词不定式和-ing形式作宾语的用法区别。stoptodo意为“停下（正在做的事情）去做别的事”，stopdoing意为“停止（正在做的）事情”。根据题意：“格林先生让我们停止说话，所以我们马上停下来听他讲。”故选C。类似的动词还有forget,remember,try,goon等。例6Amobilephoneofthistypecoststoomuch.You’dbetter________.A.waitB.waitingC.waitedD.towait易错点剖析答案为A。hadbetter+动词原形，故选A。类似的短语或句型还有Whynot+do…,wouldratherdo…thando,Could/Would/Willyouplease(not)do…？例7Everyoneshouldmakeacontributionto______theenvironment.A.protectingB.protectC.protected易错点剖析答案为A。makeacontributionto中的to为介词，其后应接动词-ing形式作宾语。类似的短语还有lookforwardto,giveone’slifeto,be/getusedto等。中考热身(B)1.Let’s________playinthestreet.Fathertellsme________doso.　　【2009·广东】A.notto;nottoB.not;nottoC.don’t;tonotD.notto;don’t(A)2.–ShallwestayathomewatchingTVtonight?--No,I’dlike________andseeamovie.【2009·河南】A.togoB.goC.wentD.going(B)3.—Areyougoingtohaveasportsmeetingtomorrow?--Yes,butI’llcallKatetomakesure________.【2009·黑龙江绥化】A.whytostartB.whentostartC.whattostart79 (D)4.–I’mverytiredthesedaysbecauseofstudyingforphysics.--Whynot________music?Itcanmakeyou________.【2009·湖北黄冈】A.listento;relaxingB.tolistento;torelaxC.listeningto;relaxD.listento;relax(B)5.Peterisbusy________atschool,butheneverforgets________exerciseeveryday.【2009·四川成都】A.working;doingB.working;todoC.atwork;doing(A)6.–Pleaseremember________thelightwhenyouleavetheroom.--OK,Iwill.【2009·广东湛江】A.toturnoffB.turningoffC.toturnonD.turningon迎考精练基础过关训练(D)1.It’s________late_________gothereonfootnow.Ithinkyou’dbettertakeataxi.A.too;youtoB.so;thatyoucanC.enough;foryoutoD.too;foryouto(C)2.WewenttoHainanIslandonMayDayandhadgreatfun_____inthesea.A.surfB.surfsC.surfingD.tosurf(A)3.Shewassupposed_______inhospital,butpeoplefoundherintheoffice.A.tolieB.lyingC.lieD.lies(B)4.Asateacher,healwaysencourageshisstudents______theirownpersonalities.A.showingoffB.toshowoffC.showoffD.showsoff(C)5.–Whydidyoubuyaradio?--________English.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Belearning(C)6.–DoyouknowNeilArmstrong?--Yes.Heisthefirstman________onthemoon.A.walkB.walksC.towalkD.walked(D)7.–Idon’tknow_____withthisproblem.It’stoohard.--YoucanaskMr.Wangforhelp.A.whichtodoB.whentodoC.whattodoD.howtodo(B)8.It’simportant_____thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplayB.forhimtoplayC.ofhimplayingD.forhimplaying(D)9.Theoldmanisillandhedoesn’tfeellike________.A.toeatsomethingB.toeatanythingC.eatingsomethingD.eatinganything(C)10.Mygrandfatherwants_____aroundtheworldbecauseheenjoys_____newplaces.A.traveling;seeingB.totravel;toseeC.totravel;seeingD.traveling;tosee能力提升训练I.根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。1.Hissisteristooyoungtogotoschool(太小还不能上学).2.Hehasnotimetoplayfootball(踢足球).3.I’mlookingforahousetolivein(住).4.Idon’tknowwhichdictionarytobuy(买哪本字典).5.Ittookmehalfanhourtodomyhomework(做家庭作业)yesterdayevening.6.Irememberseeinghimsomewherebefore(以前曾在什么地方见过他).II.改正列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.Inourcountry,childrenhavenothingtoworry.worry→worryabout2.Mywatchdoesn’twork.Imusthaveittorepair.torepair→repaired3.TheOlympicGames,firstplayingin776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.playing→played4.Ihopeyoutocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.hope→wish5.You’dbetternottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.nottospend→notspendvisiting→tovisit十二　构词法复习指要知识梳理1.常见构词法：构词法主要方式i例词转化法（由一个词类转化为另一个词类）名词→动词book书→预定hand手→上交water水→浇水形容词→动词clean干净的→打扫correct正确的→改正last最后的→持续形容词→名词American美国的→美国人European欧洲的→欧洲人动词→名词cook烹调→厨师judge判决→法官名词/形容词/动词-ing形式+名词basketball篮球greenhouse温室diningroom餐厅79 合成法(将两个独立的单词合在一起构成新词)名词+形容词snow-white雪白的world-famous世界著名的名词+动词-inghandwriting书法shoe-making制鞋业名词/形容词+分词good-looking相貌好看的man-made人工制造的形容词/数词+名词part-time兼职的second-hand二手的形容词/数词+名词+edblack-eyed黑眼的five-storied五层楼的副词+名词downstairs在楼下outdoors在户外副词+动词download下载overcome克服合成代词anything任何事情everybody每个人派生法(在一个词前加前缀或在一个词尾加后缀构成新词)前缀+词根rewrite重写impolite不礼貌的disagree不同意unhealthy不健康的词根+后缀careful仔细的worker工人invention发明cloudy多云的dangerous危险的2.常用前缀前缀意思例词anti-反对;防止anti-war反战antipollution防止污染的co-共同；相互co-author合著者cooperate合作dis-不;无disappear消失dishonest不诚实的en-使可能enable使能够enlarge扩大il-不;非illegal非法的illogical不合逻辑的im-不impossible不可能的impatient不耐心的in-不;非inexpensive不贵的incomplete不完全的ir-不;无irregular不规则的irreligious无宗教的mis-错误的mistake错误misunderstanding误解non-不;非non-smoker不吸烟者nonstop不停的re-再;重复retell复述reunion重聚super-超级supermarket超市superman超人tele-远程telescope望远镜telephone电话un-不unlike不像uncomfortable不舒服的3.常用后缀词类后缀例词名词-er,-or,-ressteacher,worker,conductor,inventor,visitoractress,waitress-n,-an,-ianAustralian,musician,Canadian,musician,historian-eseChinese,Japanese,Cantonese-ingbuilding,shopping,sightseeing,meaning-istartist,scientist-mentgovernment,development,judgment-nessillness,happiness,coldness,kindness-shipleadership,friendship-thtruth,warmth,depth,length-ion,-tion,-ation,-sioneducation,competition,invention,preparation,description,action,expression,decision-tysafety-hoodchildhood形容词-able,-iblecomfortable,enjoyable,eatable,movable-alinternational,traditional,national,natural-edinterested,excited,surprised,moved-enwooden,woolen,golden,earthern-erneastern,western,southern,northern-ingInteresting,exciting,surprising,moving-iveactive,impressive,decisive-icalchemical,musical,physical-fulcareful,helpful,useful,forgetful,thankful-lesscareless,helpless,useless,countless-lyfriendly,lovely,brotherly,weekly,monthly-ousfamous,dangerous,courageous-ysunny,lucky,healthy,milky,sleepy,dirty数词-teenthirteen,fifteen,eighteen,nineteen-tytwenty,forty,sixty,ninety-thfifth,ninth,twelfth,thirteenth副词-lycarefully,happily,quickly,truly考点聚焦1.合成词有的连写，如football,bedroom;有的用连字符，如snow-white(雪白的),man-made(人造的),kind-hearted(好心肠的),well-known(出名的)。由三个以上单词构成的合成词要加连字符，如son-in-law(女婿)，eight-foot-high(8英尺高的)。2.“数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词,用连字符连接,其中的名词用单数形式。复合形容词在句中作定语，而“数词+量词+名词”结构一般在句中作表语。①TheOlympicchampionChenRuolinisaBgirl.②TheOlympicchampionChenRuolinisA.A.fifteenyearsoldB.fifteen-year-old3.否定前缀dis-,im-,in-,il-,ir-,un-等的用法。-Yourparentswillbeangrywithyouifyouaredishonest(honest).4.名词后缀-n,-an,-ian,-ese表示“……地方的人”,常用于表示“某国人”。-an,-ian还可表示“精通……的人”。①EveryoneknowsMozartwasanAustrian.(Austria)②Thelittlegirlhopestobeamusicianinthefuture.(music)5.在动词后加后缀-er表示“从事某种职业的人,某地区的人”,有些动词后加后缀-or表示“……者”。加后缀-or构成的名词有visitor,operator,inventor,actor,conductor,editor等。79 ①YaoMingandYiJianlianarebothfamousbasketballplayersinChina.(play)②TherearemanyvisitorsinBeijingthissummer.(visit)6.名词后缀-ion,-tion,-ation表示“行为的过程,结果,状况”。Hereceivedaninvitationtodinneryesterday.(invite)7.形容词后缀-ing和-ed的区别:以-ing构成的形容词常与表示事物的主语连用,说明某事物令人怎样;以-ed构成的形容词常与表示人的主语连用，说明人的感觉如何。AllofusgotveryexcitedwhilewewerewatchingtheexcitingvolleyballmatchonTVlastnight.(excite)8.部分名词加后缀-ful构成形容词,表示“具有……的性质”,如useful(有用的),thankful(感激的),colourful(色彩艳丽的)等;而在名词后加-less构成形容词,表示“没有……的”,如useless(无用的),hopeless(没有希望的),fearless(无畏的)等。①Youshouldbecarefulwhendoingyourhomework.(care)②Thousandsofpeoplebecamehomelessaftertheearthquake.(home)9.某些名词后加后缀-y构成形容词,表示“充满……的”,如用于构成与“天气”有关的形容词，cloudy（多云的），sunny（晴朗的），windy（有风的）；以及dirty（脏的），healthy（健康的），lucky（幸运的）等。Doyouthinkitwillbesunny(sun)orcloudy(cloudy)tomorrow?10.形容词后缀-al,-able带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义。IstheGrandCanyonthegreatestwonderanywthereinthenatural(nature)world?11.形容词后缀-ern表示方向的含义。Doyoulikewesternmusic?(west)12.部分表示人的名词后加–ly构成形容词,表示“相像,类似”,这种形容词具有赞美的意味,如motherly（母亲般的），friendly（友好的），lovely（可爱的），lively（活泼的），comradely（同志般的）等;-ly也可以用作副词后缀,用在形容词后,把形容词变为副词。MissWhiteisalwaysfriendly(friend)toherstudents,soshecaneasily(easy)getonwellwiththem.13.某些名词后加-ous构成形容词,表示“具有……的性质的”，如dangerous(危险的),famous(著名的),courageous(英勇的)等。14.一些物质名词的后面加-en构成形容词，在句中作表语或定语，如wooden(木制的),woolen(羊毛的),golden(金的),earthen(土制的)。15.后缀-teen,-ty,-th表示“数量关系”，-teen,-ty构成基数词,-th构成序数词。Octoberisthetenth(ten)monthoftheyear.备考兵法重点难点（1）常用合成词。（2）常用前缀、后缀的用法。识记巩固根据要求写出下列各词的正确形式。1.angry(副词)angrily2.appear(反义词)disappear3.danger(形容词)dangerous4introduce(名词)introduction.5.month(形容词)monthly6.polular(反义词)unpopular7.swim(名词)swimmer8.translate(名词)translation9.twelve(序数词)twelfth10.wonder(形容词)wonderful典例解析例1Theydon’tknowwhyyoutalkedtothemso______.(angry)易错点剖析答案为angrily。本题考查词形转换。本题意为：“他们不知道你为什么如此生气地对他们说话。”句中谓语动词talked为实义动词，因此要用副词来修饰，形容词加后缀-ly变成副词，故填angrily。例2Thefamous________(sing)isgoingtogiveaconcerttoraisemoneyforcharity.易错点剖析答案为singer。本题考查词形转换。本题意为：“那个著名的歌星打算举行音乐会为慈善机构筹款。”动词sing加后缀-er变成名词，表示“歌手”。例3It’ssucha________(wonder)songthatwealllikeit.易错点剖析答案为wonderful。本题考查词形转换。根据题意：“它是如此奇妙的一首歌，以致于我们都喜欢。”名词wonder加后缀-ful变成形容词，意为“惊人的；奇妙的；极好的”。例4Icouldn’tunderstandwhyhewasso________(interest)intheinvitation.易错点剖析答案为interested。本题考查形容词后缀-ed的用法。动词interest加后缀-ed/-ing变为形容词，interested意为“（某人）对感兴趣的”，interesting意为“（某物）有趣的”，因主语是he，故填interested。例5Hereceivedatoypandaonhis______(five)birthday.易错点剖析答案为fifth。本题考查基数词与序数词的转换。根据题意：“在他第五个生日的时候，他收到了一只玩具熊猫。”故用序数词。例6Don’tgooutonrainyand______(多风的)days.易错点剖析答案为windy。本题考查单词的拼写。表示天气状况的形容词由“名词+后缀-y”构成。中考热身1.Hedidtheworkverycarefully(care).Everybodysaidhehaddoneagoodjob【2009·广东广州】2.Wehopeitwillbesunny(sun)tomorrow,forourpicnic.【2009·广东广州】3.Allofusfeltexcited(excite)andproudwhenwewatchedChina’sfirsteverspacewalkat4:43pmonSeptember27,2008.【2009·湖北襄樊】4.YaoMingisoneofthemostpopularbasketballplayers(play)aroundtheworld.【2009·陕西】79 5.Theirapartmentisontheseventh(seven)floorofthebuilding.【2009·山东临沂】迎考精炼基础过关训练根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.Ithinkthedictionaryishelpfulforyourstudy,(help)2.Itisapleasureformetostudywithyou.(please)3.Afterlunch,Iwasbeginningtofeelsleepy(sleep).4.Someadvertisementstellthetruth(true)andsomedon’t.5.Theuniversitystudentcamebacktohishometownandbecameanewvillager(village).6.Thewindisblowingstronglynow.Ihavetostayathome.7.Hispooreyesightisadisadvantage(advantage)tohim.8.Whenhewasonlyfour,hisfatherdecidedtomakeamusician(music)ofhim.9.Sandywasunhappy(happy)becauseshefailedinthemathsexamyesterday.10.Fishingisoneofmyfavouriteoutdooractivities.(favour)11.Nowadaystoomanyboyswanttobecomeactors.(act)12.Maryisgoodstwriting.Shewillpossiblybeareporterinthefuture.(possible)13.Somedayyou’llfindaforeignlanguageabridgetoalotofknowledge.(know)能力提升训练根据题意，从方框中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空，每空一词，每词仅用一次。winfivesuccessenjoyloudsurprisepossible1.IwasreallysurprisedtofindthatIfailedtheexam.2.MissZhouisverypopularinourschool.Sheisasuccessfulteacher.3.YesterdaywasTom’sfifthbirthday.Hisunclesentatoycartohim.4.--Excuseme,couldyoupleasenottalkloudlyinthelibrary?--Sorry,Iwon’t.5.It.isimpossibleforpeopletoliveonthemoonnow.6.Whatanenjoyablejourneytheyhadthedaybeforeyesterday.7.TherewasanEnglishspeechcompetitionlastweek.Lindawasthewinner.十三主谓语一致复习指要知识梳理1．语法一致原则主语谓语例句可数名词单数或不可数名词单数Thecoffeeistoohot.咖啡太 烫了。Mybookisonthedesk.你的书在桌上。复合不定代词即以some-,any-,no-,every-开头，以-thing,body,-one结尾的词单数Isthereanythingwrongwithyourbike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Somebodywantstoseeyou.有人想见你。Noonewasintheroomthen.那时没有人在房间里。each/every/either/neither+单数名词单数Eachgirlhasbeeninvitedtotheteaparty.每个女孩都被邀请到茶话会了。Neitheranswerisright.两个答案都不对。one/each/either/neither/everyone+of+复数名词或代词单数Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.每个学生都在用功读书。NeitherofthegirlshasbeentoAmerica.这两个女孩都没有去过美国。动词不定式、动名词或从句单数Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。Thathehasmanyfriendsisagoodthing.他有许多朋友是件好事。akind/pair/glassof…单数Thereisapairofshoesunderthebed.床下有双鞋。morethanone+单数名词，manya+单数名词单数Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.不止一个学生看过这部电影。Manyastrongmanhasweakenedbeforesuchachallenge.许多坚强的男人遇到这种情况都动摇了。复数名词或代词复数Theflowersarewateredeveryday.这些花每天都浇水。Theboysplayfootballafterschool.男孩们放学后踢足球。both/all+(of)+复数名词（或代词）复数Bothmyparentsaredoctors.我的父母都是医生。Allofthestudentsenjoylisteningtomusic.所有的学生都喜欢听音乐。noneof+复数名词或代词单数或复数Noneofthemhas/havefinishedthework.他们当中没有人完成工作。and或both…and…连接两个或两个以上的并列主语复数TomandMikearegoodatplayingbaseball.汤姆和迈克擅长打棒球。Bothcoffeeandbeerareonsaleintheshop.店里出售咖啡和啤酒。thenumberof+复数名词单数Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisoverthreethousand.我校学生人数已超过3000人。anumberof+复数名词复数Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtotheparty.大量名人被邀请参加聚会。79 oneortwo+复数名词复数Oneortwostudentswereplantingtreesyesterdayafternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在种数。one/a…ortwo单数Onestudentortwowaslatetoday.今天有一、两个学生迟到。名词或代词+with/alongwith/togetherwith/aswellas/like/but/except/besides/including/ratherthan…与名词或代词单复数一致Theteacherwithsomestudentsisgoingtoseeafilm.老师和一些学生要去看电影。Mr.Brownaswellashistwochildrenlikesswimmingverymuch.布朗先生及两个孩子都喜欢游泳。AllthestudentsexceptMikehavecome.除了迈克，所有的学生都来了。some/alot/lots/plenty/most/all/half/therest/分数或百分数+of+名词与of后的名词单复数一致SomeofthestudentsarefromShanghai.一些学生来自上海。Someofthewaterispolluted.一些水已被污染。TwothirdsofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.三分之二的书是用英语写的。Twothirdsofmymoneyisspentonbooks.我三分之二的前用于买书。1．意义一致原则主语谓语例句以-s结尾的学科名称、书名、国名、人名单数Physicsisdifficultformetolearn.物理对我来说很难学。TheUnitedStateswasfoundedin1776.美国成立于1776年。指同一个人或事物的并列结构单数Thesingeranddancerhasbeeninvitedtotheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加了晚会。FishandchipsisapopularmealinBritain.油炸鱼和土豆片在英国是很受欢迎的食品。前后名词有each/every/no等修饰的并列结构作主语单数Everydeskandeverychairintheclassroomisnew.教室里每张桌子和椅子都是新的。数学四则运算单数Threetimesthreeisnine.3乘3等于9。Sevenandsixmakesthirteen.7加6等于13。时间、距离、重量、数目、价格、长度单数Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。Threeyearsisn’tashorttime.三年的时间不算短。people,police,cattle(牛),clothes等复数Mostpeoplethinkso.大多数人都这样想。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.警察正在寻找走失的小孩。family,team,class,group,government,company,crowd单数Myfamilyisasmallonewiththreepeople.我家是一个只有三个人的小家庭。复数Myfamilyalllikeclassicalmusic.我全家都喜欢古典音乐。“the+国籍形容词”表某国人复数TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfor2000years.中国人造纸已有两千年之久。“the+形容词”表某类人复数Thericharenotalwayshappy.富人并不总是快乐的。population,thepublic单数Thepopulationofthisvillageislargerthanofthatone.这个村子里的人口比那个村子人口多。复数Threefifthsofthepopulationhereareworkers.这里五分之三的人口是工人。2．就近一致原则主语谓语例句…or…,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…连接的并列主语与后一个主语单复数一致YouorIamgoingtoBeijing.你或我要去北京。Notonlythedoctorbutalsothenursesareworriedabouttheyoungman.不仅医生，就连护士们都担心那个年轻人。Neitherhischildrennorhehimselfwantstogothere.他的孩子还有他本人都不想去那里。There/Herebe…与最近的主语单复数一致Hereisaletterandsomeflowersforyou.这里有一封信和一些鲜花给你。Therearesomefactoriesandaschoolinmyhometown.在我的家乡有几家工厂和一所学校。考点聚焦1．and,both…and…连接两个及两个以上单数名词、不可数名词或代词共同作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。若and连接的两个名词指同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数。①TomandJimBgoingtoBeijingtomorrow.A.isB.are②ThepoetandteacherAoneofmyfriends.A.isB.are2．and连接的两个单数名词前有every,each,no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。EachboyandeachgirlAgoingtotakepartinthesportsmeetingnextweek.A.isB.are3.不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。79 但两个或两个以上的不可数名词作并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。ThereCanymeatinthefridge,butthere________somemilkandbreadinit.A.aren’t;areB.isn’t;isC.isn’t;are4.复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Listen!SomeoneBsingingoutside.A.areB.is5.“each/every/either/neither+单数名词”作主语，或“one/each/everyone/either/neitherof+复数名词或代词”作主语，谓语动词用单数；“both/all+(of)+复数名词（或代词）”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“noneof+复数名词或代词”作主语，如果指人或可数的物，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。如果指不可数名词，谓语用单数。①EachofusBanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.haveB.has②NoneofthemCarrived.A.haveB.hasC.bothAandB6．主语后面接有like,but,except,besides,with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas等词或短语时，谓语动词与主语的单、复数一致。①IaswellasyouAafootballfan.A.amB.are②NobodybutsomestudentsBthereatthattime.A.wereB.was7.“some/half/most/all/lots/alot/plenty/therest/分数或百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词与of后面的名词单复数一致。①AllofmymoneyAspentonbooks.A.isB.are②MostofthestudentsinourclassBfortheplan.A.wasB.were8．“thenumberof+复数名词”意为“……的数目”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；“anumberof+复数名词”意为“许多；大量的”，作主语时谓语动词用复数。Thenumberofpeopleinvited　C　　morethan200,andanumberofthem_____beenherenow.A.were;hasB.was;hasC.was;have9．动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。Tomakefriends　AwhatIwant.A.isB.are10．trousers,shoes,glasses,chopsticks等表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；如果这类词被apair/twopairsof修饰，谓语动词要和pair的形式保持一致。①There　Aapairofshoesunderthebed.Theshoes_____mine.A.is;areB.are;are②ThetwopairsofglassesBmadeinHangzhou.A.isB.are11．集合名词army,class,family,team,group,government,audience,crowd,company,public等作主语时，若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数；若强调个体成员，则谓语动词用复数。OurclassAverybigand_____thirstytostudy.A.is;areB.is;is12．news,maths,physics,politics,optics（光学）,economics（经济学）,James,theUnitedStates,thePhilippines（菲律宾）等词虽以-s结尾，但表示单数概念，谓语动词用单数。Nonews　　A　goodnews.　　A.isB.are13．名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs以及疑问代词what,which,who,whom作主语时，谓语动词的数由它们所代替的意义来决定。　　①MineAanewcarmadeinShanghai.　　　A.isB.are　　②Hisparentsareyoung,butmineBold.　　　A.isB.are③WhichBfaster,tigersorhorses?A.runsB.run14．“the+形容词”表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数。“the+形容词”表示物时，谓语用单数。　　①.ThepoorApartofthepeoplewehelp.　　　A.areB.is②.ThenewBsuretoreplacetheold.A.areB.is15．“the+姓氏复数”作主语，谓语动词用复数。“the+国籍形容词”作主语，表示某国人，谓语动词用复数。　　　①TheGreensBwatchingTVwhenIarrived.　　　A.wasB.were　　　②TheChinese　Apeacebuttheyaren’tafraidofwar.　　　A.loveB.loves16．表示时间、距离、价格、度量等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数。FiveminutesAenoughtodothework.A.isB.are17．…or…,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等并列结构作主语，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。EitheryouorTomAgoingtoworkinthecountry.A.isB.are18．在Here/Therebe…句型中，动词与最靠近它的主语保持一致。There　A　ateacherandsomestudentsintheclassroom.A.isB.are19.定语从句中的主谓一致：①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词保持一致。②oneof+复数名词+关系代词，谓语动词用复数形式；the(only/right)oneof79 +复数名词+关系代词，谓语用单数形式。①ThosewhoAplayingbasketballcanjointhebasketballclub.A.likeB.likes②Jeffisoneofthestudentswholikeplayingbaseballandhe’stheonlyofthestudentswhoplaysitverywell.20.“So/Neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.”表示前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,意为“某人(物)也是一样”。这种结构中的be动词/助动词/情态动词在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其数则由后句的主语决定。so结构依附于肯定句，表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人；neither结构依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人。“So+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词.”表示同意前面所说的情况，意为“某人(物)的确是这样”。①–TomwatchedTVlastnight.--B.A.SoAnndidB.SodidAnn②Lucywon’tcometothepartyandB.A.sowillIB.neitherwillI③--HowwellAnnadances!Ican’tbelievemyeyes.--A.A.SoshedoesB.Sodoesshe　　重点、难点（１）语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词为复数形式。（２）意义一致原则。谓语动词该用单数形式还是复数形式，取决于主语所表达的内容在意义上是单数还是复数。（３）就近一致原则。当并列成分作主语时，谓语动词该用单数还是复数，取决于最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的形式。识记巩固选择正确的动词形式填空。1.Thereis(is,are)alotofraininthisareainAugusteveryyear.2.Everyonehere,includingchildrenandoldpeople,goes(go,goes)inforsports.3.NeitherofKate’sparentsis(is,are)adoctor.Bothofthemare(is,are)teachers.4.–Anumberofstudentsare(is,are)inthedininghall.--Letmecount.Thenumberofthestudentsis(is,are)400.5.Thispairofshoeslooks(look,looks)nice.6.Thepoliceare(is,are)searchingthecityforathief.7.Thewoundedhave(have,has)beentakentothehospitalalready.8.EitherheorIam(am,is,are)goingtolookafterthebaby.9.Thepopulationofthecityisn’t(isn’t,aren’t)large,butonethirdofthepopulationhereare(is,are)highly-educatedcitizens.10.Fourhoursis(is,are)quitealongtimeforthestudentstoplaycomputergameseveryday.典例解析例1Notonlytheparentsbutalsotheson_____swimming.A.likeB.likesC.goD.wanttogo易错点剖析答案为B。notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常与后一个主语保持一致。theson为第三人称单数,故选B。either…or…,neither…nor…的用法与此相同。例2There________apostofficeandtwohotelsnearhere.A.isB.areC.hasD.have易错点剖析答案为A。Therebe引导的句子，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，即与最近的主语保持一致，此处就近主语apostoffice为单数，故用thereis。例3Diana,togetherwithherfriends,_______ChineseinChina.A.studyB.havestudiedC.studiesD.arestudying易错点剖析答案为C.。“名词+togetherwith+名词”结构要求动词一般应与togetherwith前面的名词，即主语中心词一致。本句主语中心词为Diana，故选B。变式训练Dianaandherfriends________studyingChineseverymuch.A.enjoyB.haveenjoyedC.enjoysD.hasenjoyed答案为A。题干中主语为“Dianaandherfriends”，and连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。此句意为：“戴安娜和她的朋友们很喜欢学汉语。”说名现在的状况用一般现在时，故选A。例4________theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare________teachers.A.Anumberof;womenB.Anumberof;womanC.Thenumberof;womenD.Thenumberof;woman易错点剖析答案为C。“thenumberof”意为“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。anumberof意为“大量的……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。根据题意：“他们学校教师人数大约是200，其中四分之一是女教师。”由此可知本题应用thenumberof，teachers在此为复数故woman应用women，故选C。例5Thenews________veryinteresting!Tellmemore!A.isB.areC.wereD.was易错点剖析答案为A。news意为“消息；新闻”，它是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。根据题意：“这个消息很有趣，告诉我更多的消息。”此处应用一般现在时，故选A。注意有些以“s”结尾表示学科的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，如physics（物理）,maths（数学），politics（政治），optics（光学），economics（经济学）等。例6Howtimeflies!Threeyears______reallyashorttime.A.isB.areC.wasD.were易错点剖析答案为A。第二句的主语threeyears被看作整体,谓语动词用单数。又因第一句为一般现在时，故选A。79 中考热身(B)1.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn________seenthefilm.【2009·广东】A.isB.hasC.areD.have(D)2.Thenumberofstudentswho________theEnglishclub________20.【2009·河南】A.takepartin;isB.join;areC.takepartin;areD.join;is(C)3.--Heisadoctorandhisbrotherisadoctor,too.--Youmeanbothheandhisbrother________doctors,right?【2009·广东湛江】A.isB.beC.areD.was(B)4.–Idon’tthinkit’sgoodtodriveeighthourswithoutarest.--Iagree.Eighthours________reallyaverylongtime.【2009·四川乐山】A.hasB.isC.are(B)5.–Theenvironmenthereisbetterthanbefore.--Iagree.There________lesspollutionnow.【2009·广西南宁】A.areB.isC.wereD.was迎考精练基础过关训练(A)1.Goodnews!There________fewerpeoplecatchingthiskindofillnessnow.A.areB.isC.wasD.were(B)2.Inourschoolthere________anumberofbooksonscienceandthenumberofthem________growinglargerandlarger.A.is;areB.are;isC.has;isD.have;are(D)3.IhearonethirdofthebooksinWuhanlibrary________new.Let’sborrowsome.A,wasB.wereC.isD.are(B)4._____apenandtwobooksonthedeskandthepenismine.A.TherewereB.ThereisC.HaveD.Has(A)5.NeitheryounorMike________suitableforthejob.A.wasB.wereC.areD.be(B)6.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_____visitingamuseumwhentheearthquaketookpace.A.wereB.wasC.isD.are(C)7.Thispairoftrousers_____mewell,soIdon’twanttohave_____.A.doesn’tfit;themB.don’tfit;themC.doesn’tfit;itD.don’tfit;it(B)8.Heaskedmetenquestions.Thefirstfivewereeasy,buttherest_____difficult.A.areB.wereC.isD.was(D)9.Nothing_____difficultintheworld,______it?A.are;aren’tB.are;areC.is;isn’tD.is;is(D)10.Noneofmyclassmates_____beentotheUSA.A.hasB.haveC.hadD.BothAandB.能力提升训练I.根据所给汉语提示完成句子，一空一词。1.Halfofthisappleisbad(坏了).2.TheGreensaregettingreadyfor(在准备)theirtriptoBeijing.3.Tenyearsisn’tashorttime(不是一段短时间).4.Whenandwheretobuildshopshasn’tbeendecidedyet(尚未决定).5.Themotherwithherlittlesonwasn’tathome(不在家)onthatsnowynight.II.改正下列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.Areheoryouwrong?Are→Is2.–Haveyouheardthegoodnews?--No,whatarethey?arethey→isit3.ThetwoglassesofwaterisforMr.Brown.is→are4.HisfamilyenjoyswatchingsportsgamesonTV.enjoys→enjoy5.Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrictarecoveredwithtreesandgrass.are→is十四句子的种类复习指要知识梳理1.句子的种类分类构成例句陈述句肯定式主语+谓语Sheisveryhappy.她非常快乐。WecanspeakEnglish.我们能说英语。否定式主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词+not+谓语/表语Heisnotastudent.他不是学生。Katehasn’tfinishedherpictureyet.凯特还没有完成她的画。Theydidn’tgotothecinemayesterday.他们昨天没去看电影。用否定词no,noone,nothing,neither,none,few,little,hardly,never,seldom,too…todoNooneknowswhytheyarelate.没有人知道他们因为什么迟到。HecanhardlyspeakEnglish.他几乎不会将英语。Wehaveneverriddenahorse.我们从来没有骑过马。一般疑问句be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+其他IsMaryfromAmerica?玛丽是美国人吗？Yes,sheis.是的,她是。Willyoubefreetonight?今晚你有空吗？79 疑问句No,Iwon’t.不，我没有空。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatdoesyourfatherdo?你父亲从事什么职业?Whotriedtobeateachermanytimes?谁多次想当一名教师?选择疑问句一般疑问句+or+被选择部分--Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?你要一些茶还是咖啡？--Neither,I’dlikesomewater.都不要。我要些水。特殊疑问句+AorB(A,BorC)?--Whichwouldyoulikebetter,anappleoranorange?你想要哪一种，苹果还是橘子？--Anapple,please.我想要苹果。反意疑问句陈述句/祈使句+简短问句（be动词/助动词/情态动词+代词）--You’recoming,aren’tyou?你会来的，不是吗？--Yes,Iam../No,I’mnot.对，我会来。/不，我不会来。--Theydidn’tgototheparkyesterday,didthey?他们昨天没去公园，是吗？--Yes,theydid./Do,theydidn’t.不，他们去了。/对，他们没去。祈使句肯定式动词原形+其他Becarefulnexttime.下次认真点儿。Standup,please.请起立。否定式Don’t+动词原形+其他/Let’s+not+动词原形Don’tbelate.别迟到。Don’tsmokehere.别在这儿抽烟。Let’snotsayanythingaboutit.对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。感叹句what引导What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语+其他！Whataninterestingstory!多么有趣的故事啊！Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花啊！how引导How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他！Howbeautifulagardenitis!多么漂亮的花园啊！Howheavyaboxtheyarecarrying!他们抬的箱子多重啊!How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语+其他！Howhardheworks!他工作得多努力啊！Howclevertheboyis!这个男孩多聪明啊！How+主语+谓语！HowIwishtosucceed!我多么想成功啊！1．疑问代词疑问代词作用例句who　谁作主语，指人Whowasthefirsttolandonthemoon?谁是第一个登上月球的?whom谁作宾语，指人Whomareyouwaitingfor?你们在等谁？whose谁的指所属关系，作定语（后接名词）或表语Whosedictionaryisthis?（定语）这是谁的词典？Whoseisthisumbrella?（表语）这把雨伞是谁的？which哪个；哪些指人或物在一定范围限制之内进行选择，作定语Whichdoyoulikebetter,teaorcoffee?茶和咖啡，你更喜欢哪个？　Whichofthenovelsdoyoulikebest?你最喜欢其中哪一本小说？what　什么通常指物，也可指人，一般用在未指出范围的情况，作主语、表语、宾语和定语Whatisyouraddress?（主语）你的地址是什么？Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?（宾语）在画上你能看见什么？Whatdaywasityesterday?（定语）　昨天星期几？3．疑问副词疑问副词意义作用例句when何时询问时间Whenwereyouborn?你何时出生？where何地询问地点Wheredoesshecomefrom?她来自哪里？why为什么询问原因Whydidyougothere?你为什么去那儿？how如何询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等HowcanyoulearnEnglishwell?你怎样学好英语？howold多大询问年龄HowoldisJim’sgrandpa?吉姆的爷爷多大年纪了？howmuch/many多少询问数量Howmanydaysarethereinaweek?一周有几天？Howmuchmilkdoyoudrinkeveryday?你每天喝多少牛奶？Howmucharetheseflowers?这些花多少钱？howfar多远询问距离Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?从你家到学校有多远？howlong多长，多久询问时间的长度或距离HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?你们学英语多长时间了？howoften询问频率Howoftendoyougoto79 多长时间一次thecinema?你多久去看一次电影？howsoon将来多久询问时间Howsoonwillyoucomeback?你多快会回来？考点聚焦1.谓语动词是be动词或含有情态动词、助动词时，后面直接加not构成否定句，将be动词、助动词、情态动词提前构成一般疑问句。当谓语动词是实义动词时，需借助于助动词do,does或did构成否定句或疑问句。①Katehasalreadyfinishedherhomework(改为否定句)→Katehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.②Theywenttoseeafilmyesterday.(改为一般疑问句)→Didtheygotoseeafilmyesterday.③LiLeiBhishomeworkcarefullyeveryday.A.doesnotB.doesn’tdo2.用一些否定词如no,noone,nobody,nothing,neither,none,few,little,hardly,never,seldom,too…todo…等也可构成否定句。①Healwaystrieshisbesttohelpothers.(改为否定句)→Henevertrieshisbesttohelpothers.②AllofthestudentshavebeentoBeijing.(改为否定句)→NoneofthestudentshavebeentoBeijing.注意：Allofthestudentshaven’tbeentoBeijing.此句表示部分否定，意为：“不是所有的学生都去过北京。”再如：Bothofthemdidn’tgothere.他们俩并非都没有去那儿。Neitherofthemwentthere.他们俩都没有去那儿。3．特殊疑问句中疑问词的选择。①--Adoyouvisityourparents?--Onceaweek.A.HowoftenB.When②--Awillhebeback?--Inhalfanhour.A.HowsoonB.Howoften③--Bmoneydoyouwanttoborrow?--Thirtyyuanisenough.A.HowmanyB.Howmuch④--Bisthepopulationofthisvillage?--Aboutsixthousand.A.HowmuchB.What⑤--AisitfromChengdutoChongqing?--About500kilometres.A.HowfarB.Howlong⑥--Adoesittakeyoutogettoschoolbybike?--Forhalfanhour.A.HowlongB.Howfar4.在两者之间选择，常与比较级连用；在三者或三者以上之间选择，常与最高级连用。①WhichdoyoulikeA,coffeeormilk?②WhichdoyoulikeB,coffee,milkortea?A.betterB.best5.反义疑问句由一个陈述句或祈使句加上简略形式的疑问句构成。反意疑问句的陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分是否定的;陈述部分是否定的,疑问部分是肯定的。①Hecanfindthisbookinthelibrary,can’the?②Theyweren’tathomelastnight,werethey?③Youhaven’tfinishedyourhomework,haveyou?6．陈述部分有no,noone,none,nobody,nothing,nowhere,never,neither,hardly,seldom,few,little等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定式。①Heseldomgoestothecinema,Ahe?A.doesB.doesn’t②Nothingcouldmakehimangry,Bit?A.couldn’tB.could7.陈述部分有dislike,unhappy,unlike,impossible,careless等带否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，应把它看成肯定句，疑问部分仍用否定式。①Tomdidlikesbasketball,Bhe?A.doesB.doesn’t②Youareunhappy,Byou?A.areB.aren’t8.反意疑问句中，前后两部分的动词在人称、数和时态上通常保持一致，疑问部分的人称代词也应和陈述部分的主语保持一致。①Youboughtanewcaryesterday,didn’tyou?②MissGreenhaslivedinBeijingforfiveyears,hasn’tshe?③Johndoesn’tlikewatchingTV,doeshe?④Theworkerswon’tstartworkuntilnine,willthey?9.当陈述部分为Iam…形式时，疑问部分应用aren’tI。I’mright,aren’tI?10.当陈述部分的动词为have/has时，疑问部分的动词有下列情况：have/has表示“有”，疑问部分的谓语可用have/has，也可用do/does。have/has表示“吃、喝、玩、度过”等意思时，其疑问部分的谓语应用助动词do/does。have/hasto表示“不得不；必须”时，疑问部分的谓语也应用do/does。hadbetter表示“最好”，疑问部分的谓语动词应用had。have/has用在现在完成时中，疑问部分的谓语动词应用have/has。①Tomhasanewwatch,hasn’t/doesn’the?②TheyhadagoodtimeinBeijing,didn’tthey?③Katehastodohouseworkathome,doesn’tshe?④LucyhaseverbeentoFrance,hasn’tshe?11.当陈述部分的动词为need时，如果用作行为动词，则疑问部分的动词应用do(does)；如果用作情态动词，疑问部分的动词用need。WeneedtoarriveinShanghaiat7:00,Bwe?79 A.needn’tB.don’t12.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时，如果must表示“必须”或“有必要”之意，疑问部分的谓语用mustn’t或nendn’t。mustn’t表示“禁止”时，疑问部分用must。如果must表示推测，意为“一定；想必”，那么附加问句的谓语动词应根据后面的动词来确定。①Theymustcomehereontime,mustn’t/needn’tthey?②Hemustbeintheclassroom,B?A.mustn’theB.isn’the13.当陈述部分的主语为something,anything,nothing,everything等指事物的不定代词时，疑问部分的主语用it;当陈述部分的主语为somebody,nobody,everybody,everyone,noone等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用通常用they代替。①Everythingisingoodorder,isn’tit?②Everybodyworkshard,don’tthey?14.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that时，疑问部分主语用it；是these,those时则用they。①Thisisabeautifulpicture,isn’tit?②Thosearen’tappletrees,arethey?15.陈述部分是therebe结构时，疑问部分主语用there，而不用it或they代替there。TherewasanEnglishfilmyesterdayevening,B?A.wasn’titB.wasn’tthere16.肯定的祈使句的附加问句可以用willyou或won’tyou；否定的祈使句的附加问句只能用willyou。①Cometoschoolearlynexttime,will/won’tyou?②Don’tshoutatyourbrother,willyou?17.Let’s…句型构成反意疑问句，疑问部分用shallwe；Letus…构成反意疑问句，疑问部分用willyou。①Let’sgoshoppingtogether,shall_we?②Letushavearest,willyou?18.当陈述部分是一个带有that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分应与主句中的主语、谓语保持一致。Hesaidhewassorry,B?A.wasn’theB.didn’the19.当陈述部分是“I/Wethink/believe/guess/suppose+宾语从句”时，疑问部分的动词和主语应和宾语从句一致。当此类句型的主句主语为第二人称或第三人称，疑问部分与主句的主语和谓语一致。①Ithinkhewillcometoday,A?A.won’theB.don’tI②Idon’tthinkthathecanfinishtheworkbyhimself,B?A.can’theB.canhe③Hethinkshisauntisright,B?A.doeheB.doesn’the20.反意疑问句的回答：对陈述部分是否定形式，疑问部分是肯定形式的反意疑问句的回答，若事实是肯定的，就用Yes+肯定结构；若事实是否定的，就用No+否定结构。--Youdon’tsmoke,doyou?--B.Ihaveneversmokedacigarettebefore.A.Yes,Idon’t.B.No,Idon’t.C.Yes,Ido.21.祈使句的否定形式在动词原形前加Don’t或Never。___Btalkinclass.A.NottalkB.Don’t22.感叹句中what或how的选择：what修饰名词，句子结构为：“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”；how修饰形容词或副词,句子结构为：“How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数+主语+谓语”或“How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语”。①Whatanexcitingmatchwewatchedyesterday!②Howexcitingamatchwewatchedyesterday!③Howexcitingthematchwasyesterday!23.实义动词have作“有”讲时,否定式及疑问式可用have构成,也可用其它助动词构成;但表示其他意义时，须借助其它助动词。①ICanysistersorbrothers.A.don’thaveB.haven’tC.bothAandB②TheyAameetingyesterdayafternoon.A.didn’thaveB.hadn’tC.bothAandB备考兵法重点难点（1）肯定陈述句和否定陈述句的构成及用法。（2）一般疑问句的构成及用法。（3）选择疑问句的构成及用法。（4）特殊疑问句的构成及用法,注意疑问词的选择。（5）反意疑问句的构成及用法。（6）祈使句的构成及用法。（7）感叹句的构成及用法。（8）各种句型之间的互相转换。识记巩固按括号内的要求改写句子，每空一词。1.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycomputer.(改为否定句)Thereisn’tanythingwrongwithmycomputer.Thereisnothing2.Theymustarrivehereearly.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)Musttheyarrivehereearly?No,,theyneedn’t.3.HelenisgoingtoBeijingbyplane.(用bytrain改为选择疑问句)IsHelengoingtoBeijingbyplaneorbytrain?4.JimhastohelpDadinthegarden,doesn’the(完成反意疑问句)?5.Theycouldhardlybelievethenews,couldthey(完成反意疑问句)?6.Tomhasdrawnabeautifulpicture.(改为感叹句)79 WhatabeautifulpictureTomhasdrawn!7.Youcannotdrawonthewall.(改为祈使句)Don’tdrawonthewall.8.HewillcometoBeijingintwodays.(对画线部分提问)HowsoonwillhecometoBeijing?9.ThepopulationofTianjingisabout12milliom.(对画线部分提问)WhatisthepopulationofTianjing?10.HiscousinjoinedthearmyinHenanin1998.(对画线部分提问)Whenandwheredidhiscousinjointhearmy?典例解析例1--________isthelibraryfromourschool?--It’squitenear,justgo________theroad.A.Howfar;crossB.Howlong;acrossC.Howfar;acrossD.Howlong;cross易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查特殊疑问句中疑问词的选择以及介词across的用法。根据题干中答语“It’squitenear（它很近）”得知这是在对距离提问，所以应用Howfar。“过马路”应用goacrosstheroad，故选C。变式训练①There’sonlyalittlewaterintheriver.（就划线部分提问）_________________wateristhereintheriver?答案为Howmuch。本题考查特殊疑问句的构成，仍然是疑问词的确定。题干中划线部分onlyalittle意为“只有一点”，表示数量，对数量提问可用howmuch或howmany，因为water为不可数名词，故用howmuch。②–HowoftendoesBobplaytennis?--__________.A.OnceamonthB.ForamonthC.AmonthagoD.Amonthlater答案为A。本题考查特殊疑问句的回答。howoften询问频度，问句意为：“鲍勃多久打一次网球？”答语应为：“一个月一次。”例2E-mailisverypopulartoday.Peopleseldomwritelettersnow,________?A.didtheyB.dotheyC.didn;ttheyD.don’tthey易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查反意疑问句的构成。反义疑问句的构成特点是前肯后否或前否后肯，关键是准确判断陈述句是肯定的还是否定的。题干中虽然谓语动词write是肯定的，但是陈述部分有seldom（很少；几乎不）表示否定，因此疑问部分应用肯定形式；又因陈述部分的动词write为一般现在时，那么疑问部分的动词时态应该一致，故选B。变式训练Tomwritestohispenpaleverymonth.（改为反义疑问句）Tomwritestohispenpaleverymonth,_______________?答案为doesn’the。陈述句部分谓语动词writes是一般现在时第三人称单数的肯定形式，故疑问部分动词用doesn’t，再用he代替Tom。例3--It’saniceday,isn’tit”--________.Let’sgohikinginthemountain.A.Yes,itdoesB.No,itisn’tC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Yes,itis答案为D。本题考查反应疑问句的回答。首先根据语境来确定用肯定还是否定答语。前者说：“今天是好日子，是不是？”后者说：“我们去山间徒步旅行吧。”可知他对前者的回答是肯定的。又因问句中用的动词为is，故选D。变式训练--Yourmotherisn’tadoctor,isshe?--_______.SheteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.A.Yes,sheisB.Yes,sheisn’tC.No,sheisn’tD.No.sheis答案为C。本题考查对反意疑问句的回答。对于前否定、后肯定的反意疑问句，回答时语气要一致，若事实是肯定的，就用Yes+肯定结构；若事实是否定的，则用No+否定结构，据此首先排除B、D。题目中前者问：“你妈妈不是医生，是吗？”后者回答：“她在一所中学教英语。”由此可知“我妈妈不是医生”，故选C。例4--_________fineweatheritis!Let’sgoswimmimg.--Whynot?Let’sgo.A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查感叹句的构成。感叹句用how或what开头。how（多么）修饰形容词、副词或动词，what修饰名词。这个感叹句的感叹部分fineweather是名词,要用感叹词what，又因为weather是不可数名词，前面不能用冠词a，故选C。变式训练①Mr.Wanghasofferedusveryusefulinformation.(改为感叹句)________________________Mr.Wanghasofferedus!答案为：Whatusefulinformation。②ThechildrenwereveryexcitedtoreceivethenicepresentsonChildren’sDay.（改为感叹句）_________________thechildrenweretoreceivethenicepresentsonChildren’sDay!答案为：Howexcited。例5_______lateforschoolagain,Tim!--Sorry,IpromisethatI________.A.Don’t;won’tB.Don’tbe;won’tC.Don’tbe;don’tD.Don’t;will易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查祈使句的用法。祈使句一般以动词原形开头，其否定形式通常在动词原形前加Don’t或Never。late为形容词，需和动词be构成短语belatefor,因此排除A、D两项。根据题意：“上学不要再迟到了。”“对不起，我保证不会迟到了。”故选B。例6GracelearnsEnglishbyreadingaloud.（改为否定句）Grace________________Englishbyreadingaloud.易错点剖析答案为doesn’tlearn。本题考查陈述句和否定句的转换。因句中谓语动词learns为一般现在时第三人称单数，其否定形式的构成要用助动词does,并且learns要变为原形,。79 中考热身(C)1.–______haveyoustayedinNewYork?--Forabouttwoweeks.【2009·河南】A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowlongD.Howfar(C)2.Thereisnoimportantinformationinthenewspaper,________?【2009·黑龙江绥化】A.isn’tthereB.isitC.isthere(B)3._________wayitisfromGuangzhoutoParis!【2009·广东广州】A.HowlongB.WhatalongC.HowalongD.Whatlong(B)4.Don’tforgettogivePollysomefoodandchangeherewater,________?【2009·新疆】A.shallyouB.willyouC.won’tyouD.doyou(D)5.–MillionsofpeopleknowaboutSusanBoylenow,________?--________,shebecomeswell-knownbecauseofhersuccessonBritain’sGotTalent.【2009·福建福州】A.dothey;NoB.dothey;YesC.don’tthey;NoD.don’tthey;Yes(C)6.Boysandgirls,________upyourhandsifyouwanttotakepartinthesummercamp(夏令营).【2009·黑龙江哈尔滨】A.puttingB.toputC.put7.TherewillbealotmoretouriststoSichuanthisyear.(改为一般疑问句)【2009·四川乐山】__WilltherebealotmoretouriststoSichuanthisyear?8.Heinvitedmetotheconcertyesterdayafternoon.(对划线部分提问)【2009·重庆】Whendidheinviteyoutotheconcert?迎考精练基础过关训练I.单项选择。(B)1.–Yourmonitorisneverlateforschool,ishe?--_____.Healwayscomestoschoolearlierthanothers.A.Yes,heis.B.No,heisn’t.C.Yes,ofcourse.D.No,sometimes.(C)2.LiuQianhasmade“magic”ahotword,________he?A.doesn’tB.didn’tC.hasn’tD.isn’t(B)3.–________doyouwant________foraparty?--Let’saskPeterforadvice.Heknowsalltheparksinthiscity.A.What;tobuyB.Where;togoC.How;tostartD.Why;togo(C)4.–WewillbuildasubwayinFuzhoubefore2014.--Wow,________!Willitpassourplace?A.whatanexcitednewsB.howexcitedthenewsisC.whatexcitingnewsD.howexcitingnews(C)5.Idon’tthinkKendidsuchastupidthing,______?A.doIB.didIC.didheD.doeshe(B)6.--_______togivethelettertoMr.Wang.It’sveryimportant.--No,Iwon’t.A.RememberB.Don’tforgetC.BesureD.Makesure(A)7.--________wonthe100thgoldattheOlympicsforChina?--ZhangYining.She’sfromBeijing.A..WhoB.WhatC.WhereD.When(D)8.Itoldyounottobelateagain,John,________I?A.doB.didC.don’tD.didn’t(C)9.–Areyougoingtoborrowadictionaryoramagazine?--________.A.Yes,adictionaryB.No,amagazineC.AdictionaryD.Yes,both(B)10.Theairisfreshoutside.Let’sgoandtakeawalk,________?A.willyouB.shallweC.don’tyouD.couldyou能力提升训练I.按要求改写句子，一空一词。1.MostpeoplewatchedTVlateinMaythisyear..(改为否定句)Mostpeopledidn’twatchTVlateinMaythisyear.2.TheChangjiangRiveristhelongestriverofChina.(用theYellowRiver改为选择疑问句)WhichisthelongestriverofChina,theChangjiangRiverortheYellowRiver?3.HowbeautifulZhanjiangis!(改为同意句)WhatabeautifulcityZhanjiangis!4.TheSmithsusuallyhavesupperathalfpastsix.(改为反意疑问句)TheSmithsusuallyhavesupperathalfpastsix,don’tthey?5.ThebuildingneartheTeaHouseisthePeople’sHospital.(对划线部分提问)WhichbuildingisthePeople’sHospital?II.改正下列句中的错误(不改变原句意思)。1.Youmustbetiredafterthelongwalk,mustn’tyou?mustm’t→aren’t2.Browntoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,wasn’tthere?wasn’tthere→didn’the3.–Jacky,lookatthatJapanesesumoist(相扑运动员).--Wow!Howfatmanheis!How→Whata或man→aman4.He’sbeentotheUnitedStatesthreetimes,isn’the?isn’t→hasn’t5.LindahaseverbeentoDisneyland,hasshe?ever→never十五句子的类型复习指要知识梳理1．句子的类型79 类型说明例句简单句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成主语+不及物动词Thelittleboysmiled.小男孩笑了。Heworksinamiddleschool.他在一所中学工作。主语+及物动词+宾语MaryknowsChinese.玛丽懂汉语。Theywashedalltheclothes.他们洗了所有的衣服。主语+双宾动词+间宾+直宾Ourteachertoldusastory.老师给我们讲了一个故事。Hisparentsboughthimabirthdaypresent.他父母给他买了生日礼物。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补Thenewsmadeussurprised.这消息使我们很吃惊。Shehelpedmetocleantheroom.她帮我打扫房间。主语+系动词+表语Thefoodtastesverydelicious.食物尝起来非常美味。Yourideasoundsinteresting.你的主意听起来很有趣。Therebe+主语+状语Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.桌上有一支笔和两本书。并列句由并列连词连接两个或两个以上的简单句构成HeisastudentandIamastudent,too.他是学生，我也是学生。Heknowsthenews,buthedoesn’twanttotellittoanybody.他知道那消息，但他不愿告诉任何人。Hewastired,sohecouldn’twalkthere.因为他累了，所以他不能走到那儿。Hurryup,oryou’llbelateforschool.快点儿，不然你上学就迟到了。复合句含宾语从句的复合句Hesaid(that)hewouldvisitChina.他说他将访问中国。Idon’tknowwhether/ifheisfromAmerica.我不知道他是否是美国人。Canyoutellmewherehelives?你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？含状语从句的复合句HewillwritetoyouassoonashearrivesinCanada.他一到加拿大就给你写信。We’llvisittheGreatWallifitisfinetomorrow.如果明天天晴，我们就去参观长城。Peterwaslateforthemeetingbecausehemissedtheferry.因为错过了渡船，所以彼得开会迟到了。Thoughsheisyoung,ahehastravellledtomanycountries.她尽管很年轻，却到过许多国家。Heissoyoungthathecan’tjointhearmy.他年龄太小还不能参军。Tomdoesn’trunas/sofastasMike.汤姆跑得不如迈克快。含定语从句的复合句SheistheteacherwhocomesfromEngland.她就是那个来自英国的老师。Thisisthebook(that/which)Iboughtyesterday.这是我昨天买的书。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcamehere.我绝不会忘记我第一次来这儿的日子。含主语从句的复合句Whathesaidwasn’ttrue.他所说的不真实。Itistruethathehaspassedtheexam.他考及格了是真的。含表语从句的复合句ThisiswhatIwanttosay..这是我想说的话。Thatiswhyheisoftenlateforschool.这是他为什么经常上学迟到的原因。含同位语从句的复合句Thefactthathismotherisillworrieshimalot.他母亲生病的事实使他十分担心。1．直接引语和间接引语直接引语间接引语Jacksaid,“Iwanttohaveanicecream.”杰克说：“我想吃冰淇淋。”Jacksaidthathewantedtohaveanicecream.杰克说他想吃冰淇淋。Heaskedus,“Haveyoufinishedreadingthisbook?”他问我们：“你们读完这本书了吗？”Heaskedusif/whetherwehadfinishedreadingthatbook.他问我们是否我们已经读完了那本书。Theteacheraskedthestudents,“Whereareyougoingnextweek?”老师问学生：“你们下周要去哪儿？”Theteacheraskedthestudentswheretheyweregoingthenextweek.老师问学生第二周他们要去哪儿。HesaidtoDaming,“Pleasebringsomefoodhere.”他对大明说：“请带点食物到这儿。”HeaskedDamingtobringsomefoodthere.他请大明带点食物到那儿。Theteachersaidtome,“Don’treadthatnovel!”老师对我说：“别读那种小说!”Theteachertoldmenottoreadthatnovel.老师告诉我不要读那种小说。考点聚焦1.Therebe句型表示“某时或某地有……”，there是引导词，无意义。be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定，即主语是不可数名词或单数名词时用is；主语是复数时用are。79 ①Thereisabirdinthetree.②Therearesomepeopleintheroom.2.Therebe句型的“邻近原则”：若be动词后有两个或两个以上的名词作并列主语，be动词的数应与离它最近的主语保持一致。①ThereAatableandtwochairsintheroom.②ThereBsomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.A.isB.are3.Therebe句型可用于多种时态，如一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等，其时态的变化通过be动词体现。①Therewasafactorynearheremanyyearsago.②Thereisgoingtobe/willbeafootballmatchtomorrowafternoon.③Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometowninthelasttenyears.4.therebe结构和have/has(got)的区别:两者都可作“有”讲,therebe侧重“存在关系”，表示“某地或某时存在某人、某物”；have/has(got)侧重“所属关系”，表示“属于……所拥有”的东西。have/has前必须有表示人或物的词作主语。①Aanewcarbesidetheroad.②MybrotherBanewcar.A.ThereisB.hasgotC.Therehas当主语是物质或时间名词，而且表示整体与局部的关系时，therebe与have/has(got)可以互换。Thebuildinghaseighteenfloors.=Thereareeighteenfloorsinthebuilding.5.when,before,after,until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句以及if,unless,aslongas引导的条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示将来，用一般过去时表示过去将来。①He’llgiveyouacallassoonasheBtoDalian.A.willgetB.gets②I’llstayathomeifitAtomorrow.A.rainsB.willrain6．当when,if引导宾语从句时，若主句为现在时态,从句中的动作在将来发生，从句仍可用一般将来时。当主句为一般过去时，从句中的动作在将来发生，从句动词用过去将来时。--CanyouguessiftheyBtoplaybasketballwithus?--Ithinkthey’llcomeifthey_____free.A.come;areB.willcome;are7.当since引导时间状语从句时，从句常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。TheAmericanteacherBatthisschoolsincehe_____toChina.A.teaches;comesB.hastaught;came8.sothat,inorderthat引导目的状语从句时,从句中谓语动词常和情态动词can,could,may,might，should等连用。①ItookataxisothatIcouldgetthereearly.②Mr.Whitespokeslowlyinorderthatthestudentscouldunderstandhim.9．注意引导宾语从句的连接词的选择。宾语从句有三种类型：由从属连词that引导的宾语从句，that只起连接作用,无词义,不作句子成分,可省略;由if/whether(是否)引导的宾语从句，if/whether只起连接作用，不作句子成分;由连接代词what,which,who,whose,whom或连接副词how,when,where,why引导的宾语从句，连接代词或副词不仅起连接作用，还在句中充当句子成分。①HesaidAhehaddonenothingwrongand_____hisfatherwouldn’tpunishhim.A./;thatB.that;/②ThepolicemanaskedmeBIwantedtoseetheofficerincharge.A.thatB.whether③Idon’tknowBIshouldsayatthemeeting.A.thatB.what10.否定转移：当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think（认为），believe（相信），suppose（料想），expect（期待）等时，要将宾语从句中的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。①Ithinkhewillcomebacksoon.(变为否定句)→Idon’tthinkhewillcomebacksoon.②Hethinkshisfriendisgoodatmath.（变为否定句）→Hethinkshisfriendisnotgoodatmath.11.由if/whether以及连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句必须是陈述句的语序（即主语+谓语的顺序）。①WouldyoupleasetellmeB?A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives②DoyouknowifBtomorrow?A.willitrainB.itwillrain12.宾语从句的动词时态受主句时态的制约：若主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时，从句中谓语动词根据句意使用所需要的任何时态；若主句谓语动词为过去时态，宾语从句的动词应用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时）。如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象等，从句时态用一般现在时。①ShesaidtheyAthisfilmbefore.A.hadseenB.haveseen②TheteacheraskedushowmanypeoplethereBintheroom.A.areB.were③MygrandmotheroncetoldmethatthesunAintheeast.A.risesB.rose13.宾语从句以连接代词或连接副词引导，当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,forget,remember,learn等，从句可简化为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。当主句的谓语动词是ask,teach,tell,show等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句也可简化为“疑问词+不定式”。①Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.79 ②CouldyoutellmehowIcanworkitout?=Couldyoutellmehowtoworkitout?14.直接引语变间接引语的方法：直接引语为陈述句，变为that引导的宾语从句；直接引语是一般疑问句，变为if或whether引导的宾语从句；直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句。当主句谓语动词为一般过去时，间接引语要用相应的过去时态：一般现在时→一般过去时，现在进行时→过去进行时，一般将来时→过去将来时，现在完成时→过去完成时,一般过去时→过去完成时。同时还要注意语序（疑问语序变为陈述语序）、人称和时间状语的变化。①“IlikeredingEnglishinthemorning,”saidJim.→JimsaidthathelikedreadingEnglishinthemorning.②Hesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”→Heaskededmeif/whetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore.③“WhatcanIdoforyou?”heaskedme.→Heaskedmewhathecoulddoforme.15.在直接引语变为间接引语时，如果直接引语为客观事实，间接引语的时态不变。当直接引语为一般过去时，且与具体的过去时间连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去时。①Mr.Wangtoldus,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Mr.Wangtoldusthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.②Mybosstoldus,“Iwasbornin1966.”→Mybosstoldushewasbornin1966.16.直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上ask,tell,order,want等动词，即：ask/tell/order/wantsb.todosth..。如果祈使句为否定形式，则用不定式的否定形式，即：ask/tell/order/wantsb.nottodosth.①“Makesurethedoorisshut,”shesaidtoherlittleson.→Shetoldherlittlesontomakesurethedoorisshut.②“Don’tsmokeinmyroom,“hesaidtome.→Hetoldmenottosmokeinhisroom.17.直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语和动词的变化如下：直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowagotodaytonightthisweekyesterdayyesterdaymorninglastweekthreedaysagotomorrownextweekthenbeforethatdaythatnightthatweekthedaybeforethemorningbeforetheweekbeforethreedaysbeforethenext/followingdaythenext/followingweek地点状语herethere动词comebringgotake①Hesaid,“Thisismycomputer.”→Hesaidthatthatwashiscomputer.②Theteacherasked,“Whoisawaytoday?”→Theteacheraskedwhowasawaythatday.18’;.定语从句关系代词的选择：定语从句中使用什么关系代词,通常取决于主句中的先行词和它在从句中充当的成分。关系代词作宾语时，可省略。作主语作宾语作定语先行词为人that,whothat,who,whomwhose先行词为物that,whichthat,whichwhose①Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.②Thecoatwhich/thatIputonthedeskisblack.③Doyouknowthemanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingjustnow?④Thisisthestudentwhosebikewasstolenlastweek.19.当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,all,much,none,few,little等不定代词，或先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等修饰时，关系代词只能用that。①HaveyouwrittendowneverythingBMr.Greensaid?A.whichB.that②IwanttoreadallthebooksAwerewrittenbyLuXun.A.thatB.which20.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或theonly,thelast,thesame,thevery,oneof修饰时，关系代词只用that.。WewillneverforgetthefirstlessonBMr.Wanggaveus.A.whichB.that21.先行词含有人和物时，关系代词用that。WearetalkingaboutthepeopleandtheplacesAwehavevisitedinthecountryside.A.thatB.which22.当主句是以who,which等疑问代词开头的特殊疑问句时，关系代词用that。WhoisthemanBistalkingtoyourmother?A.whoB.that23.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词只能用which，whom,不能用that,且不能省略。Ihavealotofbooks,mostofBareinEnglish.A.thatB.which24.非限制性定语从句中，指物的关系代词一般只用which。Iborrowedabookfromthelibrary,Ahelpedmealot.A.whichB.that25．定语从句中的主谓一致：①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词保持一致。②oneof+79 复数名词+关系代词，谓语动词用复数形式；the(only/right)oneof+复数名词+关系代词，谓语用单数形式。①TheylivedinhouseswhichBoftenold,coldorunsafe.A.wasB.were②Jeffisoneofthestudentswholikeplayingbaseballandhe’stheonlyofthestudentswhoplaysitverywell.26．引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等，它们在定语从句中作状语，可由onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,towhich,forwhich等结构代替。when指时间，其先行词是time,day,hour,year等表示时间的名词；where表示地点，其先行词往往是表地点的名词place,room,house,street,area等；why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。①I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstcametothisschool.②Thisistheschoolwhere/inwhichIstudiedtwoyearsago.③Nooneknowsthereasonwhy/forwhichheisangry.备考兵法重点、难点（1）Therebe句型的构成、时态及其与have/has(got)的区别。（2）并列句及其连词的选择。（3）宾语从句的连接词、语序和时态问题。（4）直接引语与间接引语的转换。（5）时间状语从句和条件状语从句的时态问题。（6）状语从句及其连词的选择。（7）定语从句及其关系代词或副词的选择。识记巩固选择正确的词填空。1.Ireallydon’tknowwhat(what,how)todonext.2.I’msorrytotroubleyou,but(and,but)canyoutellmethewaytothehospital?3.WhenIwasasmallchild,Iknewthatthesunrises(rises,rose)intheeast.4.WearegoingtohaveapicnicnextSundayunlessitrains(willrain,rains).5.–Whydidn’tyougoforanoutingyesterday?--Because(As,Because)Ihadalotofhomeworktodo.6.Thisisthebestfilmthat(that,which)haseverbeenmadeonthesubjectofsadness.7.Thehotelinwhich(that,which)westayedthreeyearsagowasbothcheapandcomfortable.8.Thesunheatstheearth,which(that,which)makesitpossibleforplantstogrow.9.Doyouknowthegirlwhose(who,whose)fatherownsacompany?10.Itwasso(so,such)interestingafilmthatIsawitforasecondtime.典例解析例1--Doyouknow_____themanwithsunglassesis?--I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.how易错带点剖析答案为B。本题考查引导宾语从句的关联词的选择。根据答语中“我不确定，也许是记者。”由此可得知问句为“你知道那个戴太阳镜的人是做什么的吗？”询问某人的职业用what，故选B。例1--Didyouknow________?--Hewasillinhospital.A.whyhedoesn’tcometoschoolB.whyhedidn’tcometoschholC.whenhecametoschoolD.whodidhecometoschoolwith易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查在具体语境中宾语从句的确定。首先根据答语选择适当的宾语从句。答语为：“他生病住院了。”可知问句应为“你知道他为什么没来学校吗？”据此排除C、D两项。又因为题干中主句的动词为一般过去时，因此宾语从句也要用过去时态，故选B。变式训练①Willthe29thOlympicGamesbeheldinBeijing?Couldyoutellme?(合并为含宾语从句的复合句)Couldyoutellme________the29thOlympicGames_______beheldinBeijing?②WhatwouldBobliketobeinthefuture?Bobhasn’ttoldhisfriendsyet.(合并句子)Bobhasn’ttoldhisfriends________________wouldliketobeinthefuture.答案为：①if/whether;will.。将一般疑问句转换为宾语从句，用if/whenther引导，而主句谓语动词could表示委婉的请求，并不表示过去，故宾语从句从句时态不变，仍用will.。②what;he。将特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，将疑问代词what作为连接词，疑问语序变为陈述语序，主语用代词he代替Bob。例3Thegentlemen________arecomingtomyofficetomorrowaremyclassmatesmanyyearsago.A.whomB.whoC.thoseD.which易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查引导定语从句的关系词的选择。从题干可知先行词为thegentlemen，所需关系代词应代表人，且在定语从句中作主语，故选B。whom代表人，在从句中作宾语，which代表物。变式训练Thesoldiersenteredthecave.Inthecavethechildrenweresryingforhelp.（合并句子）Thesoldiersenteredthecave________thechildrenwerecryingforhelp.79 答案为where。本题考查定语从句关系词的选择。由题可知先行词为thecave，表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。例4________theymaynotsucceed,theywilltrytheirbest.A.ThoughB.WhenC.BecauseD.Unless易错点剖析答案为A。本题考查语境中从属连词的选择。though意为“虽然”，when意为“当……时候”，becauses意为“因为“，unless意为“除非”。句意为：“虽然他们也许不能成功，但他们还是要尽最大的努力。”故选A。例5Moneyisimportant_______it’snotthemostimportantthing.A.andB.butC.orD.so易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查语境中并列连词的选择。and意为“和，又”，but意为“但是”，or意为“或者；否则”，so意为“因此，所以”。根据句意：“钱是重要的，但不是最重要的东西。”故选B。例6--Sam,doyouknowifAlice________tomypartynextweek?--Ithinkshewillcomeifshe________.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查主从复合句的时态一致问题。从属连词if引导条件状语从句时，如果主句动词为一般将来时，从句动词须用一般现在时表示将来；但是当if引导宾语从句时，如果表示将来的动作，就用一般将来时。本题问句中if引导的是宾语从句，且时间状语为nextweek（下周），因此动词用willcome；而答句中if引导的是条件状语从句，因此用一般现在时is，故选C。例7--Whyareyouinsuchahurry,Mike?--There________anNBAbasketballgameintenminutes.A.willhaveB.willbeC.isgoingtohaveD.aregoingtobe易错点剖析答案为B。本题考查therebe句型和have的用法区别。therebe句型表示“某时某地存在有”，have表示“属于某人某物所有”。根据题意：“十分钟以后有一场NBA篮球比赛。”这里表示的是“某时存在有”，应用therebe句型，又因主语是anNBAbasketballmatch，故选B。中考热身(D)1.–WhattimewillMr.GreenbebacktoChina?--Sorry,Idon’tknow________.【2009·河南】A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroadC.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad(C)2.Therearemanyworksofartinthemuseum________wewillvisittomorrow.【2009·安徽芜湖】A.whereB.whoC.whichD.what(B)3.Canyoutellme________youaregoingtodonextweek?【2009·河南】A.ifB.wahtC.howD.where(A)4.I’mwaitingformysister.Iwon’tgotoseemyuncleuntil________.【2009·黑龙江绥化】A.shecomesB.shewillcomeC.shedoesn’tcome(D)5.InBritain,youmustbe18________youwanttodriveacar.【2009·广西南宁】A.whyB.becauseC.soD.if(A)6.There________somemilk,twoeggsandafewcakesonthetable.【2009·浙江宁波】A.isB.areC.hasD.have迎考精练基础过关训练(B)1.Idon’tknowifhe______tomorrow.I’llcallyouifhe______.A.comes;comesB.willcome;comesC.willcome;willcomeD.come;willcome(C)2.–Couldyoutellme________?Heiswantedbytheheadteacher.--Sorry,I’venoidea.Buthe________herejustnow.A.whereTimwas;wasB.whereisTim;wasC.whereTimis;wasD.whereTimis;is(D)3.Mydoghasbeenlostfortwoweeks______itlefthome..A.whenB.whileC.untilD.since(B)4.–Doyouthink______aconcertinourschoolhallthisweekend?--Yes,therewill.A.therewillhaveB.therewillbeC.willtherebeD.willtherehave(A)5.–WecanuseQQtotalkwitheachotherontheInternet.--Well.Butcanyoutellme________it?A.howIcanuseB.howcanIuseC.whycanIuseD.whenIcanuse(A)6.–.ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn’tit?--Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschool______thosechildrencanstudyhappily.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.that(C)7.–Howaboutgoingoutforawalkwithme?--IwishIcould,_____Ihavetofinishmyhomeworkfirst.A.andB.soC.butD.or(D)8.Kunmingis_____citythatthousandsofpeoplevisititeveryday.A.soabeautifulB.suchbeautifulC.sobeautifulD.suchabeautiful(B)9.That’stheman________housewasdestroyedinthestorm.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which(C)10.–Whatasurpriseitisthatyou’vehikedonMountTai!--Ididn’tbelieveIcoulddoit______Igottothetop.A.unlessB.afterC.untilD.as能力提升训练Ⅰ.根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。1.Hehasmadeabouttenfriendssincehecamehere(自从他来到这里以来).2.TheboyfellasleepwhilehewaswatchingTV(在看电视时).79 3.Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang(这时电话铃响了).4.Assoonashereturnshome(他一回家),Iwillletyouknow.5.Youmustrememberwhatyourfathersaid(你父亲说的话).6.Thelittleboywastoldthattheearthisround(地球是圆的)justnow.7.Wouldyoupleasetelluswhattodo(做什么)next?9.Thebookthat/whichheboughtyesterday(他昨天买的)isveryinteresting.10.Ilikethegirlwhosevoiceisverysweet(她的声音很甜).Ⅱ.将下列直接音引语变为间接引语。1.“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound,”ourphysicsteachertaughtus.Ourphysicsteachertaughtusthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.2.“Willyoucomehereandhelpme?”sheaskedme.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgothereandhelpher.3.“Whatareyoudoingnow?”MissGreenaskedTony.MissGreenaskedTonywhathewasdoingthen.4.“Cometoschoolontimetomorrow,”shetoldme.Shetoldmetocometoschoolontimethenextday.5.“Don’tshouthere,”heaskedus.Heaskedusnottoshoutthere.整合提高训练改正下列下列句中的错误（不改变原句意思）。1.Tenmonthshaspassed,butChinesepeoplestillrememberthoseexcitingdayswhentheyspentduringtheBeijing2008OlympicGames.when→that2.WhileIgottotheairport,ithappenedtoberaining.While→When3.Thesephotoswillshowyouthatyourvillagelookslike.that→what4.–DoyouknowhowmuchdidhepayfortheMP4yesterday?--Sorry,I’venoideaaboutit..didhepay→hepaid5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownwhenhegrewupasachild.when→where十六交际用语　　　　复习指要　　　　知识梳理1、社会交往(SocialCommunications)序号项目　　　英语　　　　汉语１问候(A)Hi!/Hello!Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Howareyou(doing)?Nicetoseeyouagain.Pleasesayhellotoyourparents.Pleasegivemylove/bestwishestoLucy.(B)Hi!/Hello!Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.I’mfine,thanks,andyou?I’mOK.Verywell,thankyou.Sure.Allright.(A)嗨！/你好！早上/下午/晚上好。你好吗？再次见到你很高兴。请向你父母问好。请带我向露茜问好。(B)嗨！/你好！早上/下午/晚上好。我很好，谢谢，你呢？我一切正常。很好，谢谢你。我会的。好的。2介绍(A)MynameisJim.I’mastudent.I’mfromEngland.ThisisMr./Mrs./Miss/MsBrown.I’dlikeyoutomeetBob.AllowmetointroduceMr.Greentoyou.(B)Hello!Howdoyoudo?Nice/Glad/Pleasedtomeetyou(see)you.(A)我是吉姆。我是学生。我来自英国。这位是布朗先生/太太/女士。我来介绍你（你们）认识鲍勃。请允许我向你们介绍格林先生。(B)你好！你好！很高兴认识你！3告别(A)Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye.Seeyou.Goodnight.Seeyoulater/then/soon./tomorrow.(B)IamsorryIhavetogonow.IamafraidImustbeleavingnow.Ithinkit’stimeformetoleavenow.(A)再见。回见。晚安。再见/回头见/明天见。(B)很抱歉，我得走了。恐怕我得走了。我想现在我该走了。(A)(A)79 4感谢Thankyou(verymuch).Thanks(alot)./Manythanks.Thankyouforyourhelp.Thanksforhelpingme.It’sverykind/niceofyou.Thankyouanyway/allthesame.(B)It’sapleasure.Mypleasure.Notatall.That’sOK/allright.Youarewelcome..Don’tmentionit.（非常）感谢你。(多)谢。谢谢你的帮助。谢谢你帮助我。你真是太好了。仍然感谢你。(B)不客气。不客气。不必谢。不用谢。不客气。别客气。5道歉(A)Sorry./I’msorry.Excuseme,please.Ibegyourpardon.I’msorryforlosingyourbook.I’msorrytointerruptyou.I’msorry(that)I’mlate.(B)That’sOK./That’sallright.Nevermind.Itdoesn’tmatter.It’snothing.Forgetit.(A)对不起。/很抱歉。对不起，打扰了。请再说一遍。很抱歉把你的书弄丢了。很抱歉打扰你了。很抱歉我迟到了。(B)没关系。/没关系。没关系/别介意。没关系。没关系。没关系/忘了吧。6邀请(A)Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?Willyoucometomyhome?Canyoucometomybirthdayparty?Youmustcometodinnerwithus.Ihopeyoucancome.MayIinviteyoutodinner?What/Howabouthavingaswim?(B)OK.①Thankyou.I’dlikethat,thanks.Yes,I’dlike/loveto.Thatwouldbenice.②No,thankyou.It’sveryniceofyou,butmymotherisill.I’dloveto,butI’mafraidIhavenotime.I’msorryIcan’t.Whataboutanothertime?(A)去散步好吗？请你来我家好吗?你能来参加我的生日晚会吗?你一定要来和我们吃饭呀。我希望你能来.。我可以请你来吃饭吗？去游泳如何？(B)好的。①谢谢。我会的，谢谢。好的，我会去的。太好了。②不，谢谢你了。谢谢你，但我母亲生病了。我很乐意去，但恐怕我没时间。很抱歉不行，下次怎样？/换个时间好吗？7请求允许(A)MayIcomein?Can/CouldIuseyourtelephone?CanIaskafavour?Couldyoudomeafavour?Would/DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?Pleasegive/passmethesalt.(B)①Yes,please.Sure./Certainly.Pleasedo.That’sallright.Ofcourse,youcan.Hereyouare.②I’msorryit’snotallowed.I’mafraidnot.You’dbetternot.I’msorry,butyoucansmokeinthenextroom.(A)我可以进来吗？我可以用一下你的电话吗？你能帮我一个忙吗？我开窗你介意吗啊？请把盐给(递给)我。(B)①好的，请吧。当然可以。请吧。可以。当然可以。给你。②对不起，这是不允许的。恐怕不行。最好别这样。对不起，请到隔壁房间抽烟。8祝愿和祝贺(A)Haveagoodtime/day!Haveagoodjourney/trip!Goodluck(toyou)!Enjoyyourself!Bestwishestoyou!HappyNewYear!MerryChristmas!Happybirthday!Congratulations!Welldone!(B)Thankyou.You,too.Thesametoyou.(A)祝你玩得愉快！旅途愉快！祝你好运！玩得开心！向你致以最美好的祝愿!新年快乐！圣诞快乐！生日快乐！祝贺你！做得好！(B)谢谢你。你也一样。同样祝福你。(A)Can/CouldIhelpyou?Wouldyoulikemetohelp(A)需要帮忙吗？要我帮忙吗？79 9提供帮助you?WhatcanIdoforyou?Wouldyoulikeahandtofindthem?IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?Canwedoanythingtohelp?Letmetakeyourbag.(B)①Yes,please.Yes,thanks.Thankyou.Thatwouldbenice/fine.Thankyouforyour(the)help.②No,thanks/thankyou.Thankyouallthesame.That’sverykindofyou,butIcanmanageitmyself.我能为你做点什么?需要我帮忙找到他们吗？有什么需要我帮忙做的？我们能帮助做些事吗?让我帮你提包吧。(B)①是的，请吧。好的，谢谢。谢谢，真是太好了。谢谢你的帮助。②不用了，谢谢。无论如何谢谢你了。你真是太好了，但我可以自己解决。10约会(A)Willyoubefreetomorrow?Doyouhavetimethisafternoon?Howabouttomorrowmorning?Shallwemeetat8:30?When/Whereshallwemeet?Couldwemeetat4:30?Let’smakeit4:30.I’dliketoseeyouateightthisevening.(B)①Yes,I”llbefreethen.Allright.Seeyouthen.EithertimeisOK.②I’mafraidIhavenotimethen.Sorry,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButI’llbefreetomorrow.(A)明天你有空吗？今天下午你有空吗？明天早上怎样？我们八点半见面好吗?我们何时/何地见面？我们4：30见面好吗?就定在4：30吧。我想今晚八点和你见面。(B)①好的，我有空。好的，到时候见。任何时间都行。②恐怕到时候我没空。对不起，我那时没空。但明天我有空。11打电话(A)Hello!May/Can/CouldIspeaktoTom,please?Hello!I’dliketospeaktoMr.Green.IsthatLiuYingspeaking?CanIleaveamessage?Couldyouaskhim/hertocallmeback?I’mcallingtotell/askyouto…I’llcallbacklater/againI’llringhim/herupagain.That’sverykindofyou(tohelpme).(B)Hello!ThisisTomspeaking.Whoisthat(speaking)?Yes,itis.No,thisis…Holdon(foramoment),please./Justamoment,please./Holdtheline,please./Hangonaminute./I’msorry/afraidheisn’there/inrightnow.CanItakeamessage(foryou)?I’llgive/takeherthemessage.Sorry.Ican’thearyou.Thelineisbad/busy.Icoculdn’tgetthrough.Sorry,I’mafraidyouhavethewrongnumber.(A)你好！我找汤姆接电话好吗？你好！我想找格林先生。请问你是刘英吗？我可以留个口信吗？你能让他/她给我回电话吗?我打电话给你是想告诉/要你去……我稍后再回电话。我会再打给他/她的。你能帮我真是太好了。(B)你好！我是汤姆。请问你是睡？是的,我就是。不，我是……请稍候,别挂机。对不起，他现在不在。我能替你捎个口信吗？我会捎信给她的。对不起，我听不请。线路不清楚/忙音。我接不通。对不起，恐怕你拨错号码了。12就餐(A)Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?Whatwouldyoulike(tohave)?Wouldyoulikesomemorefish?Whatkindoffishdoyouprefer?Willyouhavesomeseafood?Whataboutpudding?Whichdoyouprefer,riceornoodles?Whatwouldyouliketodrink,teaorcoffee?Anotherpieceofsteak?(A)要来一些吃的/喝的吗？你想要（吃）什么？再来一些鱼吗？你喜欢哪种鱼?你来点海味行吗?甜点心怎么样?你更喜欢哪一样，米饭还是面条？你想喝喝什么，茶还是咖啡？再来一块牛排吗?来,再吃点。79 Here,takesomemore.Justmakeyourselfathome.Helpyourselftosomefish.(B)①Yes,I’dlikeadrinkI’dlikericeandchicken.Thesameforme.Justalittle,please.Allright,justabit.CanIhavesomemoresoup?It’ssodelicious.Thankyou.Ilikegreentea.②No,thankyou.I’vehadenough.I’mfull,thankyou.Nomore,thanks.Idon’tfeellikeany,thanks.It’sverydelicious,butIcan’teatanymore.就像在你家里一样。请随意吃些鱼肉。(B)①是的，我想来份饮料。我想要米饭和鸡肉。我也同样来一份。请给我一点儿。好的,只要一点点。我还可以在要些汤吗？真好吃，谢谢。我喜欢绿茶。②不，谢谢。我吃饱了。我已经饱了，谢谢。够了,谢谢。我不想吃了，谢谢。很好吃，但我已经吃不下了。13就医(A)What’sthematter/thetrouble/wrong(withyou)?Whatseemstobethetrouble?Doyouhaveafever?Howlonghaveyoufelt/beenlikethis?Howarefeelingnow?Areyoufeelingallright/well?Doyousleepwell?Haveyoutakenyourtemperature?There’s/It’snothingserious.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.You’llbeallright/wellsoon.Drinkmorewaterandtakearest.You’dbetterhavemore/lessfoodandtakesomeexercise.(B)Ihaveaheadache/cough/fever/cold.There’ssomethingwrongwithmystomach.Ifeelterrible/bad/sick.Idon’tfeelwell.I’vegotapainhere.I’vegotanacheinmyhead.Ithurtshere.Idon’tfeellikeeating.Ican’tsleepwell.(A)怎么啦？/哪里不舒服？哪里不舒服？你发烧吗？你像这样有多久了？你现在感觉怎样?你感觉好吗?你睡眠好吗?你量过体温吗?不要紧,不太严重。这个药一天服用三次。你很快就会好的。多喝水，好好休息。你最好多/少吃一点儿并且参加一些锻炼。(B)我头疼/咳嗽/发烧/感冒。我的胃不舒服。我觉得难受。我不舒服。我这儿疼。我头疼。这儿疼。我不想吃东西。我睡不好。14购物(A)Can/MayIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?Howmany/muchwouldyoulike/doyouwant?Whatcolor/size/kindwouldyoulike?Isthisonebetter?I’mafraidwehaven’tgotanyshoesinthatsizeatthemoment.I’msorry.Wehavesoldouttheshirtsinyoursize.Pleasetakeyourtime.Isthatall?Whataboutthisone?Theyaretenpoundseach.Here’syourchange.(B)Iwant/I’dlikeapairofshoes.CanIhavealookatit?Howmuchisit/arethey?Howmuchdoesitcost?What’sthepriceoftheblueone?MayItryiton?Ilikethecolor,butit’s/they’retoobig/small.I’mafraidit’stooexpensive.Haveyougotanythingcheaper?Doyouhaveanyothercolors/sizes/kinds?Twoandahalfkilos/pounds,please.That’sfine,I’lltakeit.Justhavealook.Well,I’llthinkaboutit.Ican’tdecide.(A)您要买什么？您要买什么？你想要多少？你想要什么颜色/尺码/种类的？这个好一些吗?恐怕我们现在没有那个尺寸的鞋子。对不起，你要的尺寸的衬衫我们已经卖完了。请别着急/慢慢来。就买这些吗？这件怎样？每件10英镑。这是找您的零钱。(B)我想买双鞋子。我可以看一下吗？多少钱？多少钱？那件蓝色的价格是多少？我可以试穿吗？我喜欢这个颜色，但是太大/小了。恐怕太贵了。你们有更便宜点的吗？你们还有其他颜色/尺码/种类的吗？请给我2.5千克/磅。这个挺好，我买了。只是看一看。好吧，我会考虑的。我决定不了。(A)(A)79 15问路Excuseme,where’sthewashroom?Canyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?Excuseme,whichbusgoestoWorldPark?Excuseme,whichisthewaytotheBankofChina?Excuseme.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation,please?HowcanIgettoN0.3MiddleSchool?CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheDowningStreet,please?Isthereabanknearhere?Isitfarfromhere?Whichbuscantakemetothezoo?WhichbuscanIcatchtothehotel?WhichnumberdoIneed?Thankyou./Thankyouallthesame.(B)①It’soverthere.It’soverthereontheleft/right.It’snexttothedancemusic.It’sontheCentreAvenue.It’sattheendofthestreet.It’sabout400metresfromhere.Go/Walkalong/downthisstreet,andtakethesecondturningontheleft/right.Goup/downthestreetuntilyouseethetallredbuilding.Justgostraightandturnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing/corner.Goacrossthebridge.Goupthisroadtotheend.It’sabout15minutes’walk.YoucantakebusNo.103.You’dbettertakeataxi.Youcan’tmissit.②Sorry,Idon’tknow.I’mastrangerhere.对不起，请问洗手间在哪儿？你能告诉去邮局怎么走吗？打扰了，请问哪一路车到世界公园？对不起，请问哪条路是去中国银行的？对不起。请问去车站怎么走？我怎样才能去第三中学？你能告诉我怎样去唐宁街吗？这附近有银行吗？（它）离这儿远吗？哪路公共汽车可以带我去公园？我可以乘几路公共汽车去宾馆？我需要乘几路车？谢谢。/同样谢谢。(B)①它在那儿。在那儿左边/右边。它在舞曲音乐附近。它在中心街上。在街尾。离这儿有四百米距离。沿着这条街走，然后在第二个转弯处朝左/右拐。沿着这条街走一直走到一座红色的高楼为止。笔直走,在第一/二个路口/拐弯处向右/左拐。从桥上走过去。沿着这条路走到尽头。步行大约15分钟。你可以乘坐103路车。你最好乘坐出租车。你不会错过的。②很抱歉。我不知道。我是外地来的。16谈论天气(A)What’stheweatherliketoday?How’stheweatherinBeijing?What’sthetemperaturetoday?Howistheautumnhere?What’sitlikeinsummer?Howdoyouliketheweatherhere?Istheweatheralwayslikethis?Whatfineweatheritistoday!Lovelyweather,isn’tit?Whatacold/hotdaytoday!(B)It’sanice/fine/beautiful/terribledaytoday.Ihopeitstaysfine.It’ssunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy.It’sgettingcool/cold/warm/hot.There’smuchwind/rain/snowtoday.(A)今天天气怎样？北京的天气如何？今天气温多少度?这儿的秋天怎么样?夏天的天气如何?你觉得这儿的天气怎么样?天气总是这样吗?多好的天气啊!天气很好,不是吗?今天真冷/热！(B)今天天气真好/糟。我希望天气一直晴朗。今天晴天/多云/刮风/有雨/下雪/起雾。天气转凉快/冷/热/暖和了。今天风（雨、雪）特别大。17语言交际困难(A)Pardon?Ibegyourpardon?Pleasesaythatagain/moreslowly.Willyourepeatthatword,please?Idon’tunderstand.Sorry,Ican’tfollowyou.Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?Wouldyoumindspeakingmoreslowly?Whatdoes“Pause”mean/Whatdoyoumeanby“PAUSE”?(A)再说一遍好吗？请你再说一遍好吗？请再说一遍/请稍慢一点。请再重复一遍那个词好吗？我不明白。很抱歉，我跟不上你的话。请你说慢点好吗？请说得再慢些好吗？你说“PAUSE”这个词是什么意思？79 What’sthemeaningof“soccer”?Howdoyousay…inEnglish?Idon’tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.Idon’tknowthewordinEnglish.Whatisanotherwayofsaying“fast”?Howdoyouspellit,plase?I’msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.“soccer”是什么意思?……用英语怎么说？我不知道用英语怎么说？我不知道的这个字的英文是什么。“fast”的另一种说法是什么?请问这个词怎么拼写？对不起，我只懂得一点英语。18提醒注意Don’tforgetyourraincoat.Don’tleaveanythingbehindyou.Remembertolockthedoor.Makesurethatallthewindowsareclosed.Nosmoking!Nospitting!Nophotos!Wetfloor!Lookout!/Becareful!Mindyourhead/steps!Don’ttouch!It’ddangerous!Youmustn’tshoutinthelibrary.Youaren’tallowedtosmokehere.别忘了你的雨衣。别拉了你的东西。记住锁门。务必把窗都关好。禁止吸烟！禁止随地吐痰！禁止拍照！地板湿滑！小心！当心头/台阶！别碰！危险！你不准在图书馆吵闹！你不允许在这儿吸烟！19劝告You’dbettergotoseethedoctor.YoushouldlistentoandreadEnglisheveryday.YouneedtobuyaChinese-Englishdictionary.Don’trush/hurry/push.Pleasestandinline.你最好去看医生。你应该每天听英语、读英语。你需要买本汉英词典。别跑/慌/挤。请排队。20建议(A)Let’sgoandhavealook.Shallwegoswimming?What/HowaboutapicnicthisSunday?Whydon’tyoubuyacomputer?Whynotgotoamovie?(B)①Goodidea.Ithinkit’sagoodidea.Itsoundsgreat/brilliant.Itsoundslikeagreatidea.Allright./OK.(A)咱们过去瞧一瞧。我们去游泳好吗?这个星期天野餐怎么样？你为什么不买台电脑呢？为什么不去看电影呢？行,好主意。我想这是一个好主意。听起来不错。听起来是个好主意。好，行。21求助(A)Help!Fire!Thief!(B)What’sthematter’thetrouble/wrong?What’shappened?救命！着火啦！抓贼！出什么事了！出什么事了？2、态度(Attitude)序号项目英语汉语1同意和不同意Sure./Certainly/Ofcourse.Allright./OK.Yes,please.Iagree(withyou).You’reright.That’strue.Noproblem.That’sagoodidea.Yes,Ithinkso.Noway.Ofcoursenot.Idon’tagree.Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.Idon’tthinkso.I’mafraidnot.Iwouldn’tsaythat.Yes,maybe.Youmayberight.当然可以。好的。好吧,请。我同意。你是对的。千真万确。没问题。好主意。是的，我是这么认为的。不行。当然不可以。我不同意。我实在不敢苟同。我不这么认为。恐怕不行。我不那么认为。也许吧。也许你是对的。2Thisbookisveryinteresting.Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.Iliketakingphotos.Ienjoylisteningtomusic.I’minterestedinscience.Heisfondofmusic.这本书很有趣。我（非常）喜欢这部电影。我喜欢玩电脑游戏。我喜欢照相。我喜欢听音乐。我对科学感兴趣。他喜欢音乐。79 喜欢和不喜欢Thesongisbad.Idon’tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.Idon’tenjoycollectingstamps.Ihatetodohomework.这首歌很糟。我不是很/根本不喜欢这部电影。我不喜欢集邮。我讨厌作作业。3肯定和不肯定I’msure.I’msureofthat.I’msurethatshe’lljoinus.I’mnotsure.I’mnotsureofthat.I’mnotsurewhether/ifshecancome.Maybeyou’reright.Perhapssheisathomenow.It’shardtosay.我肯定。我对那事很肯定。我肯定她会加入我们的。我不太确定。我对那事不确定。我不太确定她是否能来。也许你是对的。可能她现在在家。很难说。4可能和不可能Hemaycometoday.Itmaysnowtonight.It’spossibletofinishthehomeworkbeforesix.Hemaynotcomesoearly.Hecan’tbeathomenow.It’snotlikelytosnowsoon.It’simpossibletofinishmyhomeworkwithinonehour.他今天可能来。今晚可能会下雪。在六点以前完成作业是有可能的。他不可能来这么早。现在他不可能在家。看起来不会很快下雪。在一个小时内完成我的作业是不可能的。5能够和不能够Hecanrideabike.He’sabletopassthemathexam.He’sgoodatfootball.Hecan’tswim.She’snotgoodatskating.他会骑自行车。他能通过数学考试。他足球踢得好。他不会游泳。她不擅长溜冰。6偏好和爱好Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?Iprefertea.IlikeEnglishbetter/best.Myfavouritesubjectisphysics.你喜欢什么，茶还是咖啡？我喜欢茶。我更喜欢/最喜欢英语。我最喜欢的科目是物理。7意愿和打算I”llgowithyou.I’mgoingtoseemyfriendthisafternoon.I’dliketomakeaphonecalltoherafterclass.Iwant/hopetofindanEnglishpen-friend.Iwon’tseethemovieagain.I’mnotgoingtobuythebook.Idon’twanttoliveinthebigcity.我会和你一起去的。今天下午我打算去看我的朋友。课后我会给她打电话。我想/希望找个英文笔友。再也不会看这部电影了。我不打算买这本书。我不想住在大城市。8希望和愿望Iwishtoseeyouagain.Ihopetobecomeadoctor.Ihopeso.Ihopenot.Ihopethatyouwillhaveabrightfuture.我希望能再见到你。我希望能成为一名医生。我希望如此。我希望不这样。我希望你们有一个美好的未来。9表扬和鼓励(A)Verygood!Welldone!Wonderful!Excellent!Perfect!YouspeakEnglishverywell.Yourdressisbeautiful!Comeon!Youcandoit!Keeptrying!(B)Thankyou.OK.I’lltryitagain.(A)非常好！做得不错！太好了！太棒了！太完美了！你的英语说得很好。你的裙子真漂亮！加油！你能行的！继续努力！(B)谢谢你！好的，我会再试一次。10责备和抱怨Whatdoyoumeanbydoingso?Hoecouldyoucheatyourteacher?Whydidn’tyoutellmethetruth?I’msorrytohavesaidthat,butthisroomistoodirty.你这么做是什么意思？你怎么能欺骗老师？你为什么不告诉我真相？很抱歉我讲了那些话，但这房间太脏了。11冷淡Idon’tcare.Itdoesn’tmattertome.我不在乎。这不关我的事。3、情感(Emotions)序号项目英语汉语1高兴Howwonderful/nice!That’sgreat!I’msohappy.It’swelldone.Iampleasedtoknowthat.妙极了！/好极了！真了不起！我真高兴。干得好！知道这件事我很高兴。2惊奇Realy?Ohdear!Isthatso?Whatasurprise!Hownicetoseeyou!Howsurprising!真的吗？哦，天哪！真是这样吗？太让人吃惊了！见到你太好了！太奇怪了！79 I’msurprised!我太惊讶了！3忧虑What’swrong?What’sthematter?Anythingwrong?Whatshouldwedo?Areyouworriedaboutyourhealth?怎么啦？出什么事了？有什么不对的吗？我们该怎么办？你是在担心你的健康吗？4安慰There,there.Don’tbeafraid.Don’tworry.It’sallright.Itwillbeallright/OK.Takeiteasy!好了，好了。别害怕。别担心。没事的。会没事的。别紧张！5遗憾I’msosorry.It’sagreatpity.Whatashame!That’stoobad!Whatapity!That’sashame!That’ssuchapity!我很遗憾。真是遗憾。真不好意思！太糟了！多可惜呀！多可惜呀！太遗憾了！6同情I’msosorry.I’msosorryaboutyourillness.I’msorrytohearthat.Pleaseacceptmydeepsympathy.我很难过。你的病让我感到很难过。听到那事让我很难过。请接受我最深切的同情。4、时间、日期与距离(Time,Date&Distance)序号项目英语汉语1时刻Excuseme.What’sthetime,please?Excuseme.Whattimeisit?WhendidyoucometoChina?Whattimedoyougetup?(B)It’shalfpastfive/twentytonine.IcametoChinain1998.Igetupat6o’clock.对不起，请问几点了？对不起，请问几点了？你何时来中国的？你几点起床？(B)现在是五点半/八点四十。我1998年来中国。我六点钟起床。2日期(A)Whatdayis(it)today?What’sthedatetoday?Whatwasthedateyesterday?(B)It’sSaturday/Sunday.ItisAugust18th.ItwasAugust17th.(A)今天星期几？今天几号？昨天是几号？(B)今天是星期六/天。今天是8月18号。昨天是8月17号。3距离Howfarisyourschoolfromhere?It’sabout40minutesbybike.It’sabout6kilometres/milesaway.It’sonlytwentyminutes’walk.你们学校离这儿有多远？骑自行车大约40分钟路程。大约有六千米/英里远。只有二十分钟的路程/车程。5、特征(Features)序号项目英语汉语1形状Whatdoesitlooklike?What’stheshapeoftheclouds?Itlookslikeahorse.It’sround/long/tall/short.它看起来是什么样的？云朵是什么形状的？它看起来像一匹马。它是圆的/长的/高的/矮的。2颜色Whatcoloristhebag?It’sgreen.那个包是什么颜色？它是绿色的。3材料What’sthetablemadeof?What’stheredwinemadefrom?It’smadeofwood.It’smadefromgrapes.这桌子是什么做的？这红酒是用什么造的？它是木头做的。它是葡萄酿成的。4价格Howmuchisthedictionary?Howmuchdoesitcost?Houmucharethey?What’sthepriceofthebag?Isitcheap/expensive?Thedictionarycostsme100yuan.It’sexpensive/cheap.这字典要多少钱？它要多少钱？它们要多少钱？这个包的价格是多少？它便宜/贵吗？这字典花了我一百元。它挺贵的/便宜的。5规格Whatsizeisyoursweater?Whatsizeshoesdoyouwant?ThesizeofmysweaterisXXL.It’stoobig/small/long/shortforme.你的毛衣的尺寸是多少？你穿几码的鞋子？我毛衣的尺码是XXL。对我来说它太大/太小/太长/太短了。6.常见的标志和说明（Somecommonsignsandinstructions）BUSINESSHOURS营业时间OFFICEHOURS办公时间OPEN营业CLOSED关门79 PULL拉PUSH推NOSMOKING请勿吸烟NOPHOTOS请勿拍照NOPARKING请勿停车DANGER!危险！ON开OFF关PLAY播放STOP停止运转ENTRANCE入口EXIT出口PAUSE暂停SHUT此门不通BATHINGPROHIBITED禁止游泳NOADMITTANCE闲人免进MEN’S(GENTLEMEN’S)男厕所WOMEN’S(LADIES’)女厕所SOS紧急求救讯号EMS（邮政）特快专递考点聚焦1．问路及应答。--CouldyoutellmehowtogettotheForbiddenCity,please?--B.A.You’rewelcome.B.Sure.YoucantaketheNo.16Bus.2.购物及应答。--A?--Yes,I’mlookforapen.A.CanIhelpyouB.Whatdoyouwanttobuy3.看病及应答。--A？--I’vegotaheadache.A.What’syourtroubleB.WhatcanIdoforyou4.打电话用语。--Hello,mayIspeaktoMr.Black,please?--B.A.IamMr.BlackB.ThisisMr.Blackspeaking.5.问候及应答。--Hello!Ihaven’tseenyouforages.--Oh,John.A?A.HowareyouB.Howdoyoudo6..祝愿、祝贺及应答。--Goodlucktoyou!--A.A.ThankyouB.Yes,Ithinkso7.邀请及应答。--Wouldyouliketogoboatingwithus?--A.A.Yes,I’dliketoB.That’sright8.感谢及应答。--Thankyouforthepresentyousentme.It’ssonice.--B.A.Pleasedon’tsaysoB.I’mgladyoulikeit9.道歉、道别及应答。--I’msorryforwhatIsaid.--B.A.WithpleasureB.Forgetit10.提醒、劝告及应答。--Don’tplayfootballinthestreet.--A.A.Sorry,Iwon’tB.Don’tworry11.询问时间、日期及应答。--B?--It’sAugust8,2008.A.WhattimeisitB.What’sthedatetoday?12.赞扬及应答。--YouspeakEnglishsowell.--B.A.Oh,no.MyEnglishisnotgood.B.Thankyou13.就餐询问及应答。--Somemoremilk?--B.I’vehadenough.A.Yes,pleaseB.No,thankyou14.提建议及应答。--Whatabouthavingsomedrinks?--A.A.Allright.B.That’sright.C.That’sallright.15.请求允许及应答。--DoyoumindifIsithere?--B.It’sfortheold,youngman.A.OfcoursenotB.Betternot16.安慰、遗憾、同情及应答。--I’mnotfeelingwell.--B.A.Itdoesn’tmatter.B.I’msorrytohearthat17.询问职业及应答。--What’tyourfather?--B.A.He’sfortyyearsoldB.He’sapoliceman18.同意与不同意。--DoyouthinkChinesebasketballteamwillwinthegame?--A.A.Yes,IthinksoB.Yes,wewill19.询问特征及应答。--Whatisyourfatherlike?--B.A.HelikeseatingmeatB.Heistallandthin20.常用标志。WecanseethenoticeDANGER!NoTrafficLightsAheadB.A.inarestaurantB.onaroad备考兵法79 重点、难点（1）常用交际用语的表达及应答。（2）英语、汉语表达习惯的差异。（3）常用标志。识记巩固根据对话内容，在空白处填入适当的词，使对话完整，一空一词。1.–Whatdayisittoday?--It’sSaturday.2.--Whattimeisitnow?--It’saquartertotwelve.3.--WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?--I’mlookingforasweater.4.–Whoisthatspeaking?--ThisisMaryspeaking.5.–Whatisyouruncle?--Heisadoctor.6.--Whichisthewaytothenearestpostoffice?--Godownthisroaduntilyoureachtheend.It’srightonyourleft.7.–Yoursonplaystheguitarverywell.--Thanksalot.8.–Tomfelloffhisbikeandhurthimselfyesterday.--I’msorrytohearthat.9.–I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingsolong.--Itdoesn’tmatter.10.–Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithmethisafternoon?--I’dloveto,butIhavelotsofhomeworktodo.典例解析例1--Whatahotday!Howaboutgoingswimmingafterschool?--________Let’saskDanieltogowithus.A.That’sOK!B.Noproblem!C.Goodluck!D.Soundsgreat!易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查提建议及应答。A项意为“没什么；不用谢”，B项意为“没问题”，C项意为“祝你好运”，D项意为“听起来不错”。根据句意，前者说：“天气多热啊！放学后去游泳怎么样？”后者说：“我们让Daniel和我们一起去吧。”由此可知应答者认为对方的建议很好，故选D。例2--Thissweateristoosmall.Wouldyoumindgivingmeabiggerone?--_______.Hereyouare.A.IdisagreeB.GoodideaC.ThanksalotD.Notatall易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查请求允许和应答的交际用语。A项意为“我不同意”，B项意为“好主意”，Ｃ项意为“多谢”，Ｄ意为“没关系”。前者问：“你介意给我换个大点的吗？”后者应回答：“没关系，给你。”故选D。例3--Thankyouforyourcoffeeandtastysnacks.I’mafraidtogonow.--OK.________.A.GoslowlyB.AllrightC.SoundsgreatD.Seeyou易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查情景交际的应用。由上句中“I’mafraidIhavetogonow.我不得不走了”得知此处应用“再见”回答，故选D。例4--Ben,wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?--_________.Let’sgotothesupermarket.A.HaveagoodtimeB.Idon’twanttoC.Yes,I’dlovetoD.Itdoesn’tmatter易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查邀请和应答。当别人邀请你做某事时，如果表示愿意，用Yes,I’dliketo.来回答，故选C。例5--I’veneverhadsuchawonderfultime.Thankyouforaskingme.--__________.A.GoodjobB.That’sitC.That’srightD.You’rewelcome易错点剖析答案为D。本题考查感谢和应答。当对方对你表示感谢时，你可以说It’sapleasure/Mypleasure/That’sallright/You’rewelcome.注意C项中That’sright.(那是对的。)用于表示同意别人的看法。例6--WangHongspeaksEnglishverywell..--________.ShecantalkwithAmericansfreely.A.IhopesoB.IhopenotC.IthinksoD.Idon’tthinkso易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查同意别人看法的日常用语表达。前者说：“王红英语讲得好。”后者说：“她能和美国人自由交谈。”由此可知后者同意前者的说法，故选C。例7Ifyouseethesign_____inapublicplace,youmustn’tsmoke.ABCD易错点剖析答案为C。本题考查对常用标志的认识。题目意为：“如果你在公共场合看见这个标志，你千万别吸烟。”故选C。中考热身(D)1.–Hello.MayIspeaktoMike?--_________.Pleasecallbacklater.【2009·广东】A.WaitamomentB.HoldonC.SpeakingD.Sorry,heisout(C)2.–Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?--________.Iamnothungryatall.【2009·广东湛江】A.YouarewelcomeB.No,pleasedoC.No,thanksD.Hereyouare(C)3.–YouhaveseenthefilmTheDeadReading,haven’tyou?--________.HowIwishtoseeitagain.【2009·河南】79 A.No,whatapityB.No,Ihaven’tC.Yes,IlikeitD.Yes,it’sboring(A)4.–Ican’tgowithyoutoday.Therewillbeatesttomorrow.--_________.Maybenexttime【2009·江西南昌】A.Itdoesn’tmatterB.MypleasureC.Idon’tthinksoD.Sorrytohearthat(C)5.–I’mtoonervoustogiveatalkbeforesomanypeople.--_________.Youcandoit.【2009·重庆】A.That’strueB.WithpleasureC.ComeonD.You’reright(A)6.–Wishyougoodluckintheentranceexam.--_______.Thesametoyou.【2009·山西太原】A.ThankyouB.SeeyouC.I’msorrytohearthat(B)7.–Howareyou?--I’m________.【2009·广西南宁】A.EnglishB.fineC.thirteenD.tall迎考精练基础过关训练(B)1.–IthinkMaLinwillwinthenextWorldCup.--________.IthinkWangHaowillbethewinner./A.IhopesoB.Idon’tthinksoC.It’sapityD.Itdoesn’tmatter(D)2.–I’mgoingtoHainanformyholiday.--_________.A.It’sapityB.ThanksalotC.NotatallD.Haveanicetrip(D)3.–Wherecan’tyouseethesignBusinessHours8:00-18:00?--______.A.InalibraryB.InashopC.InabankD.Inaschool(A)4.–WillyoujoinustoplaybasketballonSaturdayafternoon?--_________,butIpromisedtogoswimmingwithEric.A.ManythanksB.NevermindC.TakeiteasyD.Mypleasure(B)5.–ShallIbuythistoyforlittleDavid?--_______.Hemightalreadyhaveit.A.YoushouldB.You’dbetternotC.NoproblemD.Youcan’tdothat(C)6.–I’mafraidI’vegotabadcold.--_________.A.NevermindB.KeepawayfrommeC.BettergoandseeadoctorD.Youneedtoeatlessfood(A)7.–WouldyoumindlookingaftermydogwhileI’monholiday?--______.A.OfcoursenotB.Yes.I’dbehappytoC.Notatall.I’venotimeD.Yes,please(D)8.–MayIinviteyoutohavedinnerthisFriday?---______.A.Yes,pleaseB.JusthavealookC.NevermindD.Yes,I’dloveto(C)9.--________?--Ihaveaheadache?A.HowdoyoudoB.WhatdoyoudoC.What’swrongwithyouD.Howdoyoulikeit(C)10.–Mum,Ihavegotthefirstprizeinthespeechcompetition.--______.Weareproudofyou!A.GoodluckB.SorrytohearthatC.CongratulationsD.Comeon能力提升训练I.根据对话内容,在空白处填入恰当的单词、短语或句子,完成对话。A:Goodmorning.(6)Can/MayIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?B:Thanks.Thatwouldbenice.I’dliketobuyamobilephone.A:Wehavemanymobilephoneshere.SomearemadeinChina,andsomearemadeinothercountries.B:Thisonelooksverynice.(7)Whareisitmade?A:InJapan.B:(8)Howmuchisit?/Howmuchdoesitcost?A:3,000yuan.Thisisapopularmobilephone.B:Wow.That’stooexpensive!Ican’taffordit.Doyouhaveanordinaryone?A:Sure.(9)What/Howabouttheseones/thisone?/Whatdoyouthinkoftheseones/thisone./Howdoyouliketheseones/thisone.B:Well.Thisonelooksverygood.AndthepriceisOK.IsitmadeinChina?A:Yes.It’smadeinShanghai.B:OK,(10)I’lltakethisone/it.II.改正下列句中的错误(不改变原句意思)。1.–Wouldyoulikesomemoretoeat?--Yes,thanks.I’mjusthungry.thanks→please2.–I’mgoingtovisittheScienceMuseumtomorrow.--Comeon!Comeon→Enjoyyourself!3.–Sorry,couldyoutellmethewaytotheshoppingcentre?--Godownthisstreetandturnleftatthesecondcrossing,andtheshoppingcentreisonyourright.Sorry→Excuseme4.–Whatanicegirlyourdaughteris!Shesingsanddancesverywell.--Yes.Sheisgoodatsports,too.Yes→Thankyou5.–What’sthedaytoday?--The30th.It’sourNationalDaytomorrow,yousee.day→date79