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  • 2022-06-17 15:56:31 发布

中考英语语法讲解资料及练习[共18讲]

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中考英语语法讲解资料及练习(共18讲)第1讲:名词名词当然是大家都很熟悉的了,我们吃的food,喝的drinks,穿的clothes都是名词。Itiseasy,right?但是你可能被名词的单复数变化、名词作定语以及名词所有格等问题搞得糊里糊涂的,到底该怎么用呢?OK,followme。  First,名词复数的特殊变化。  普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或-es,可是偏偏有一些名词不听话,变化不规则。这些小调皮是:  a.class,box,watch,brush等词以s,x,ch,sh,结尾,复数要加-es;  b.story,factory等以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词复数要先将-y变成-i再加-es;  c.knife,wife,life等以-f或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es;  d.以-o结尾的名词,一般来说,末尾是"元音字母+o"的词加-s,我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是"辅音字母+o"的词,变复数加-es。如:tomato,hero,potato,当然其中的piano和photo,又是一个例外,他们的结尾只能加-s。  e.child(children),foot(feet),tooth(teeth),mouse(mice),man(men),woman(women)等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;f.deer,sheep等词更是懒得可以,竟然单复数同形。好记好记。people,police,cattle等词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数,所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式,这就是集体名词。theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese等名词表示国民总称时,也作复数用。  注意:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,虽然以-s结尾,仍为不可数名词。还有theUnitedStates(美国),theUnitedNations(联合国)等应视为单数。  别奇怪,名词有时也可以作定语的。它作定语时一般用单数,但也有以下例外。  a.man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers,womenteachers。  b.数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。如:aten-milewalk十里路,two-hundredtrees两百棵树。  哇!这些问题好复杂,我好想轻松一下。那我们就轻轻松松地面对名词所有格问题。  这里面内容可谓少之又少,可也不能小视呦。名词所有格:表示“……的”通常是在名词的后面加-s,如:Children"sday,father"sshoes。但以-s结尾的名词因为已经有s了,只需加"就OK了。如果两个名词并列,并且分别有"s,.则表示“分别有”。.如:John"sandMary"sroom(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);两个名词并列,只有一个"s,则表示"共有"。如:JohnandMary"sroom(约翰和玛丽共有一间)。还有些无生命名词的所属要用介词of来帮助一下,如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm。  好,名词部分我们已经学完,It"sapieceofcake?接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,  Areyouready?练习:1.Allthe_____teachersand______studentsarehavingameetingthere. A.women…girls嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  B.women…girl C.woman…girls D.woman…girl 2.MrBlackisafriendof_________. A.Jack"saunt"s B.Jack"saunt C.Jackaunt"s D.aunt"sofJack 3.Thistoywasmadebya____boy. A.ten-year-old B.ten-years-old C.ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4.Thefarmerraisedten_________. A.sheeps B.deers C.horse D.cows 5.Shelookedatussadlywithhereyesaslargeas_________. A.hergrandmother B.hergrandmother"s C.hergrandmothers" D.thatofhergrandmother 6.Wehavemovedintoa________. A.two-storeyhouse B.houseoftwostorey C.two-storeyshouse D.twostoreyshouse 7.The______wastoomuchforthechildtocarry. A.box"ssteel B.boxofasteel C.steelbox D.boxofthesteel 8.We"llgiveourEnglishteacheracardfor_________. A.theTeacher"sDay B.Teacher"sDay C.aTeacher"sDay D.Teachers"Day 9.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday. A.he B.him C.his D.her 10._________arebigandbright.嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  A.Theclassroomwindow B.Thewindowoftheclassroom C.Thewindowsoftheclassroom D.Theclassroom"swindows                   实战:1.Don"tworry.Yoursonwillcomebackin______hour. A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.Thisniceblouseisn"tmine.It"s______. A.you B.your C.Lucy D.yours 3.What"s"potato"inChinese? -It"s_____. A.香蕉 B.大白菜 C.西红柿 D.土豆 4.Theninthmonthofayearis_______. A.December B.November C.September D.October 5.A:MustIleavenow?  B:No,you_______. A.needn"t B.mustnt C.don"t D.won"t 6.Wehaveahistorylesson______Wednesdayafternoon. A.on B.of C.at D.to 7.Suanhasmadequite______friendssinceshecametoChina. A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle 8.A:Haveyouever______totheWestLake?  B:Yes,I______therelastwinter.嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  A.gone,went B.been,went C.gone,havebeen D.been,have 9.Doyou________English? A.tell B.say C.talk D.speak 10.A:MayI_______yourruler?  B:OK,I"mgladto_______ittoyou. A.lend,borrow B.lend,lend C.borrow,lend D.borrow,borrow 11.We"llgotothemuseumifit_______tomorrow. A.can"train B.won"train C.don"train D.doesn"trian 12.Doyouknow________? A.wheredoeshestudy B.hestudieswhere C.wherehestudies D.hewherestudies 13.A:_______doyougotoseeyourgrandparents?  B:Onceamonth A.Howoften B.Howlong C.howmuch D.howmany 14.A:Wouldyoulikeanothercupoforange?  B:______I"mfull. A.No,thanks B.Yes,please. C.Hereitis. D.Idon"tlike. 15.Youmustbetired.Whynot________arest? A.tostoptohave B.stophaving C.stoptohave D.tostophaving嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 第2讲:代词我们刚刚讲完了名词,现在再来看看名词的brother—代词。它与名词的作用其实很相似,所担当的句中成分也相差不多。但也别小看代词呀!它还有很多的“小个性”呢!只要抓住它的几个“小脾气”,那么你就可以牢牢地掌握它了。  代词中第一个“小个性”就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别—my的后面一定要接名词,不可以单独出现,只能做定语,如:myfather;而mine则是名词性,只能单独出现,在句中做主语和表语。如:Mineisgreen.It"smine.记住这两个句子,凡是名词性物主代词(yours,hers,his,its,ours,theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置上了。这样,通过它们出现的位置不同,我们就可以把它们区别开了。  代词的第二个“罗嗦”就是它有一个小跟班-self(selves)—反身代词,也就是表示“自己、亲自”的意思。关于反身代词,需要注意的是她不能单独做主语,但可以放在人称代词后面,做同位语。    如:Marryherselfsaidso.玛丽她自己这么说的。(不能说Herselfsaidso.)下面我给你开点小灶,单独讲一讲须“特特”注意的地方。  Of+名词性物主代词:of+物主代词构成双重所有格。公式为:a(an,this,that)+名词+of+名词性物主代词。牢记公式,举一反三。因为物主代词不可与a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,no,each,every,such,another等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。如:afriendofmine(我的一个朋友),eachbrotherofhis(他的每一个兄弟). some,any的用法:我们都知道some用于肯定句中,而any则用于否定句和疑问句中。所以somebody,someone也用于肯定句中,而anybody、anyone则用于否定和疑问句中。  注意:在Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?(要来点咖啡吗?)这样的肯定疑问句中,说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时,用some而不用any。  every和each的用法:every强调全体的概念,指三个以上的人或物(含三个),不可单独使用;each强调个体概念。指两个以上的人或物(含两个),可单独使用.。Everystudentinourschoolworkshard.(我们学校的学生都很用功。)Eachstudentmayhaveonebook..(每个学生都可有一本书。)  both,either,neither的用法:  both意为“两者全都”,与复数连用。either意为“两者中间的任何一个”,neither表示“两者之间一个也不是”,与单数连用。如:BothofthethemcomefromLondon。他们两人都是伦敦人。Youmaytakeeitherwithyou。两个中间你随便带哪个都行。Neitheriscorrect。两个都不对。  Few,afew和little,alittle的用法:  Few,afew用来代替和修饰可数名词,little,alittle用来代替和修饰不可数名词;afew和alittle着重肯定意思,相当于汉语“有几个”,“有一点儿”;few和little着重否定意思,相当于汉语“没有几个”,“没有多少”  OK,代词部分我们已经学完,It"sapieceofcake?接下来到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,  Areyouready?  练习:1.Wehadplentyofpaperbut______ink. A.afew B.few C.notmany D.notmuch嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  2.Learningaforeignlanguageisespeciallydifficultforthosewhohavehaveneverlearned______before. A.one B.it C.them D.that 3.We"reverybusybecausewe"veso______bookstoreadandso_______homeworktodoeveryday. A.much...many B.many...much C.many...alot D.alot...much 4.Ithought______ofthematterbutstillcouldn"tfindoutthereason. A.every B.both C.nothing D.everything 5.Mycarisnotsoexpensiveas________. A.him B.he"s C.he D.his 6.LilyandLucyhavearrived,but_______studentsaren"thereyet. A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers 7.Therearehighbuildingson______sideofthestreet. A.both B.every C.any D.either 8.-Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?  -______eggsand______milk. ALittle...afew B.Alittle...alittle C.Afew...alittle D.Afew...afew 9.______isdifficultintheworldifyouputyourheartintoit. A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything 10.Isthisstorythesameas______inthatbook? A.theone嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  B.what C.that D.it                实战:1.Thereis_________oldwomaninthecar. A.不填 B.the C.a D.an 2.Weoftengotothepark_______Sundays. A.on B.in C.at D.from 3.Mybook________onthedesk. A.is B.am C.are D.be 4.Whichlanguageis________,English,FrenchorChinese? A.difficult B.thedifficult C.moredifficult D.themostdifficult 5.-________bookisthis?  -It"sKate"s. A.when B.Why C.Where D.whose 6.-CanyouwritealetterinEnglish?  -No,I_____. A.maynot B.mustn"t C.can"t D.needn"t 7.I________myhomeworkwhenMikecamelastnight. A.do B.wasdoing C.amdoing D.havedone嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  8.Hebeganto________Englishthreeyearsago. A.learn B.learns C.learned D.learning 9.Jimisadriver,_______he? A.does B.doesn"t C.is D.isn"t 10."What"swrong_________you?"thedoctorasked. A.from B.with C.for D.at 11.Heisrich,________heisn"thappy. A.or B.so C.and D.but 12.-WhereisAlice?  -She__________tothelibrary. A.goes B.willgo C.hasgone D.hadgone 13."Help_________tosomefish,Mary."Myauntsaidtome. A.themselves B.ourselves C.yourself D.himself 14.We"llstayathomeifit________tomorrow. A.rain B.rains C.israining D.willrain 15.Thestudents_________onafarmfortendays.Thenthey_________toafactory.  Thoughthey_______backschool,theystillrememberthosefarmersandworkers. A.havestayed,went,was B.hadstayed,go,are C.havestayed,go,havebeen D.havestayed,went,were嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 第3讲:形容词Springiscoming.Thetreesaregreen,andtheflowersare beautiful.多么美的季节啊!我们要去郊游,去感受、去描绘我们周围美好的事物。形容词会帮你忙。可是形容词怎么使用起来老出错呀?不是放错了位置,搞错了级别,就是在使用多个形容词作定语时排错了顺序。当然了,形容词使用时需要遵循一些规则的。想知道吗?接着往下看。 abeautifullittlenewwhitewoodenhouse从这个长长的词中可以看出多个形容词作定语时排列有一定的先后顺序。它们往往遵循以下规律:冠词或人称代词所有格+数词+性质+大小+形状+表示老少、新旧+颜色+事物质地、人的国籍、用途。其实,你大可不必这样费神记,只要记住我给你的句子就可以了。 Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike。这句话可能让你挠挠头皮,为什么wrong放在something的后面呢?原来虽然大部分形容词做定语时的位置是放在名词之前的,但当形容词所修饰的词为something,anything,nothing,everything等以-thing为字尾的词语时,形容词要后置。 形容词级别问题: a.Ourclassroomistwicelargerthantheirs。(我们的教室是他们的两倍。)这种表示倍数的句子用…times+形容词比较级+than…这样的格式。你记住了吗?b.I"mthreeyearsolderthanyou.(我比你大三岁。)表示"大三岁,""高二厘米"等时用"表示数量词的词+比较级"。 c."越来越……"用"比较级+and+比较级"来表示。如:Theearthisgettingwarmerandwarmer。(地球变得越来越暖和。) d."越……就越……"用"the+比较级…,the+比较级…"来表示。如:Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels。(他越忙,越觉得高兴。) 最高级用法的用法就很简单了,提醒你一点,最高级要用于三者以上。还有几点是不得不提的:alone和lonely:Ifeellonely,becauseIamaloneathome.你独自一人在家用  "alone"表示"单独的"、"独自一人的",它表示一个客观事实,在句中只能做表语。你在家感到寂寞,  用"lonely",表示主观上感到"孤独""寂寞",指一种悲伤忧郁的情绪,可作定语和表语。 older和elder:Jackisolderthanme,heismyelderbrother.杰克比我大要用"older",表示"年纪大的,年老的",常用做表语;他是我的长兄用"elder",表示"年老的,年长的",用做定语,只用于比较两个人的长幼,只能作表语。  接下来又到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,你准备好了吗?练习:1.Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys. A.littletwoother B.twolittleother C.twootherlittle D.littleothertwo嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  2.Whichisthe_______country,JapanorAustralia? A.moredeveloped B.moredeveloping C.mostdeveloped D.mostdeveloping 3.-HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?  -Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe___daysattheseaside. A.fewlastsunny B.lastfewsunny C.lastsunnyfew D.fewsunnylast 4.Thebooksarenot________tobepublished. A.enoughintersting B.interestingenough C.sointeresting D.toointeresting 5.What"syour_______sports? A.themostfavorite B.mostfavorite C.favorite D.thefavorite 6.There"s________withtherecorder A.anythingwrong B.wronganything C.somethingwrong D.wrongsomething 7.Hissisteris_______thanhe. A.youngerfiveyears B.fiveyearsyounger C.fiveyearyounge D.fiveyoungeryears 8.-WeshouldspeakEnglishinandafterclass.  -Yes,_____,________. A.more,better B.themore,thebette C.much,better D.theoften,thebetter 9.Theoldmanlivesalone,hefeels________. A.alone B.lonely C.lone D.alonely 10.Ithinkbananasare________ofallthefruits. A.delicious嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  B.muchdelicious C.moredelicious D.themostdelicious实战:1.-What"sthisinEnglish?  -It"s______apple. A.a B.an C.the D.不填 2.Iwasborn________February18,1981. A.on B.in C.at D.of 3.Thereisn"t______waterintheglass. A.some B.lots C.many D.any 4.-"________doyouwatchTV?"  -"Twiceaweek." A.Howlong B.Howfar C.Howoften D.Howmany 5.Ihavetwopencils,oneislong,_______isshort. A.another B.other C.theother D.others 6.Theyarepoor,_______theyarealwayshappy. A.and B.but C.or D.so 7._______beautifultheflowersare! A.How B.What C.Howa D.Whata嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  8.-"Doyou________English?"  -"Onlyalittle." A.tell B.speak C.say D.talk 9.Thereareabout_________studentsinourgrade. A.twohundredsandtwenty-five B.twohundredsandtwentyfive C.twohundredandtwenty-five D.twohundredtwenty-five 10.HisnameisRobertThomasBrown.Thestudentscallhim________. A.MrRobert B.MrThomas C.MrThomasBrown D.MrBrown 11.Yourbooksarehere,whereare_________? A.my B.mine C.I D.me 12.Shewillwritetomesasoomasshe_______inParis. A.willarrive B.arrive C.arriving Darrives 13.-"It"safineday,______?"  -"Yes,let"sgooutforawalk." A.isit B.itis C.isn"tit D.itisn"t 14.Couldyoutellus________? A.whenwillthemeetingstart B.whenthemeetingwillstart C.themeetingwillstartwhen D.thenmeetingwhenwillstart 15.-"Mybikeisbroken,canyoumendit?"  -"Sorry,______." A.Ican"t B.Iwon"t C.Ican D.Idon"t              嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 第4讲:副词学完了形容词,副词讲解起来会更容易一些。一般认为形容词+ly就变成了副词,如形容词quick加上-ly变成副词quickly。但是象friendly,lovely虽然以ly结尾,但实则是形容词,Sheisfriendlytome(她对我很友好。)可千万不要误认为是副词哟!    副词可修饰动词、形容词和副词,这些用法相信大家已经掌握。那我们挑选一下易混、易用错的来详细讲解一下。  already和yet:  WhereisTom?Hehasn"tcomeyet.ButJackisalreadyhere.这句话中又是already,又有yet,是怎么回事吗?原来already和yet意思虽然相同,但用法有点小区别。表示事情早已发生或提前发生用already,一般放于句中,用于肯定句和疑问句。含有already的肯定句,变为否定句时,要将already变为yet,且放在句尾。yet表示预料要发生的事未发生,位于句尾,一般用于否定句和疑问句中。还迷糊吗?再迷糊,只好再看一看上面的例句喽。  hard和hardly:  hard,hardly两者虽然只有-ly之差,意义却大不相同。hard表示"辛苦,使劲,努力,"如:He  worksveryhard.(他学习非常努力。)而hardly为否定副词,表示"几乎不"。如:Theboxissoheavythathecouldhardlycarryit.(这箱子是那么沉,他几乎搬不动。)  ago和before: ago不能单独使用,应与threedays(months,weeks)等连用,而且和动词的过去时连用。如:Imetmyneighbouranhourago.Before之前有"一段时间"时,指"距这段时间以前",和过去完成时连用。如:Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworktwodaysbefore.(他说他两天前已完成了工作。)如果before单独使用,是泛指"以前",常常和完成时连用。如:Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.(我以前没看过这部电影。)  farther和further:  far有两种比较级,farther,further.在英语中两者都可指距离。如:Herunsfartherthanshedoes.(他比她跑得远。)在美语中,farther表示距离,further表示进一步。如:Ihavenothingfurthertosay.(我没什么要说的了。)  至于副词的比较级和最高级问题,参照形容词的就OK了。  试试趁热打铁如何?练习:1.Theteacherwasveryangryanddecidedtosend______school,sohewasn"tastudentanylonger. A.awayhimfrom B.himawayfromthe C.awayhimoutof D.himawayfrom 2._______,hedidn"tfailintheEnglishexam. A.Luck B.Lucky C.Luckily D.Luckly 3.-Areyoufeeling____?嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页   -Yes,I"mfinenow. A.anywell B.anybetter C.quitegood D.quitebetter 4.Themorewelookedatthepicture,_________. A.thelesswelikedit B.welikeitless C.betterwelikeit D.itlookedbetter 5.Afterthenewmachinewasintroduced,thefactoryproduced___shoesin1988astheyearbefore. A.astwicemany B.asmanytwice C.twiceasmany D.twicemanyas 6.OurEnglishneedstobe______improved. A.farther B.farthest C.further D.far 7.Whatapity!Lucyran_______moreslowlythanLily. A.afew B.much C.alittle D.little 8.Heisrunning_______now. A.moreslowlyandmoreslowly B.slowlierandslowlier C.moreandmoreslowly D.slowlyandslowly 9.Lastnightmyfatherwentback_________laterthanbefore. A.quite B.very C.even D.muchmore 10.Thesickmanwastoothintogoany_______. A.far B.farther C.further D.farthest             实战:嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 1.Theanswerisniceandsoft.ShallI______theshopkeeperifIcantryiton? A.ask B.answer C.speak D.tell 2.Tickets,please.MayI______yourticketplease,madam? A.show B.watch C.find D.see 3.It"snotgoodto______whenyouarewaitingforabus. A.standinline B.getonwell C.jumpthequeue D.waitforyourturn 4.It"shardtocountthemonkeys,they"rerunningandjumping__________. A.attimes B.allthetime C.moreorless D.rightaway 5.I"msorry,we"ve_______theshoesinyoursize. A.paidfor B.puton C.soldout D.putaway 6.Weihua"spenwas________,sosheneededanewone. A.broken B.long C.cheap D.here 7.Youcanoftenbuythingsfromtheirshop_______home. A.oftheway B.bytheway C.anotherwayof D.onyourway 8.Theteacherintheschoollibraryisvery________.Youmustreturnyourlibrarybookontime! A.kind B.lonely C.strict D.polite 9.Thankstoman-makesatellite,theworlditselfisbecomingamuchsmaller_____. A.space B.place C.room嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  D.universe 10.Ilikethesweater,butit________toomuch. A.uses B.takes C.costs D.spends 11.FatherChristmaslandsontopof_______houseandclimbsdownthechimneyintothefire-place. A.each B.all C.either D.both 12.Theiceisverythin.It"s_______dangerous_____walkonit. A.so,that B.as,as C.from,to D.too,to 13.Onedayhismotherwasill.She______adoctor. A.sentfor B.sentaway C.sentup D.fellbehind 14.He_______theradioandlistenedtothemusic. A.opened B.turnedon C.turnedoff D.closed 15.Thedoctor_______MrsBrownverycarefullyandthensaid:"There"snothingmuchwrongwithyou." A.watched B.operated C.lookedover D.lookedafter               第5讲:动词我们步步深入,开始接触到整个句子的heart--动词了。掌握了动词,你学起英语来就会感到驾轻就熟了。告诉你,一定要记牢动词的现在分词,过去式,过去分词,如果在这些小地方丢分,那才讨厌呢。比如:catch的过去式和过去分词(caught,caught)你可能就不知道吧?痛下决心,好好记一记吧。下面呢,我们就各个击破。先讲系动词。  系动词:大概是最简单的动词了。你只需注意的是系动词除了be的形式之外,还有become,get,grow,turn,sound,look,smell,taste等,它们不能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,所以用的时候,可要小心为是呀!如:Itsmellsdelicious.(它闻起来味道很美)。delicious是形容词,不是副词。  情态动词:首先要记住情态动词后必跟动词原形。must和need几乎是每年的必考题,这里我们重点讲一下。嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 must的意思是"应当,必须",侧重于说话者的主观看法,没有时态变化,其否定式是mustn"t,在"MustI(we)...."的疑问句中,须注意的是其否定回答常用needn"t。如:MustIgo?(我一定要走吗?) No,youneedn"t.(不,不必。) need意为"需要"。既可作实义动词,又可作情态动词,因此在用法上需要注意。作实义动词时,need后跟名词,动名词,或不定式。如:Ineedtogo.(我得走了。)作情态动词时,后跟动词原形。如:Youneedn"tcometomorrowifyouarebusy.(如果你忙,明天就不必来了。)  实意动词:实意动词可谓家族兴旺,人员众多。我们跑(run),我们跳(jump),我们笑(laugh),这些都得用实意动词来表达。我们一起来看一看一些特殊的词吧。它们在接动名词和不定式时意义有所不同。 stop:这个词让好多同学大伤了一番脑筋,到底什么时候加todo,什么时候加  doing呢?两者意义又有什么不同呢?OK,Comewithme.看下面两个句子。  Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtoread.  Whentheteachercamein,theystoppedtalking.  第一句的意思是"当老师进来时,他们停下来开始读书"。而第二句的意思是"老师进来时,他们停止了说话"。所以stoptodosth表示"停止正在做的事情去干另一件事"。而stopdoing表示"中断正在做的某事"。现在明白了吗? forget,remember,regret这三个词用法基本相同,只要记住+doing表示"事情已经做过",+todo表示"事情还未做"就可以了。forgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做) forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)如:Thelightisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)   Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。(已做过关灯的动作)  感官动词:see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel等+do表示动作的完整性,真实性+doing表示动作的连续性,进行性。如:Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 又到了我们趁热打铁的时间了,好学的你准备好了吗?练习:1.WangLin_______somehelp.Canyouhelphim?A.needs  B.want  C.needto  D.ask  2.Allofusenjoy_______footballverymuch.  A.play  B.playing  C.played  D.toplay  3.----Thelightintheclassroomisstillon.   ----Oh,Iforgot___.  A.turningitoff  B.turnitoff  C.toturnitoff  D.havingturneditoff  4.Iregret___thewindow.嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页   A.todo  B.tobedoing  C.tohavedone  D.havingbroken  5.Hisgrandparentssawher___upfromchildhood.  A.grow  B.grew  C.wasgrowing  D.togrow  6.---What"sthisinEnglish?   ---Sorry,Ican"t_____itinEnglish.  A.tell  B.say  C.speak  D.talk  7.---_____Ifinishmyhomworktoday?   ---No,youneedn"t.  A.Can  B.May  C.Must  D.Need  8.InSpring,thedays______longerandlonger,thetrees_______green.  A.get,turn  B.gets,turns  C.got,turned  D.havegot,haveturned  9.Whenthetrafficlightsarered,you________stop.  A.can  B.must  C.won"t  D.needn"t  10.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,I________tomydeskmate.  A.stoppedtotalk  B.stoppedtalking  C.stoptotalk  D.stoptalking                实战:1.---Whosecalculatorisit?  ---It"s______. A.she"s B.hers嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  C.her D.she 2._______December23,MrandMrsHopkensflewtoLondonforatrip. A.on B.in C.at D.for 3.TheScienceMuseumislocated________thecentreofthetown. A.with B.near C.beside D.in 4.Doyouthinkmathsis________importantthanEnglish? A.very B.as C.more D.quite 5.Thecaptainhasa_______daughter. A.five-years-old B.fiveyearsold C.fiveyearold D.five-year-old 6.Twofishermensaw______intheskywhiletheywerefishingbyariver. A.somethingstrange B.anythingstrange C.strangesomething D.strangeanything 7.TheygotaChristmastreeanditwas______ours. A.sotallas B.sotalleras C.astallas D.astalleras 8.Who"s______womanoverthere? A./ B.the C.a D.an 9.A:_______havethescientistsbeenthere?B.Forabouttwoyears. A.Howmanytimes B.How C.Whattime D.Howlong 10._______thatpairofnew________expensive? A.Is,shoe嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  B.Are,shoe C.Is,shoes D.Are,shoes 11.Dickjumpedintoalargehole________hesawthebear. A.while B.assoonas C.until D.if 12._______coldweatheritisattheSouthPole! A.What B.Whatan C.How D.Whata 13.Idon"tknow________lastnight. A.whytheydidn"tgotothemovies B.whentheydidn"tgotothemovies C.whydidn"ttheygotothemovies D.whendidn"ttheygotothemovies 14.Therearen"tmanyorangeshere,butyoucantake_______ifyouwantto. A.few B.afew C.alittle D.little 15.Tomfailedintheexam.Helooked________. A.happy B.sadly C.upset D.lovely            第6讲:不定式不定式和动词象一对姐妹一样亲密,本不该拆开来讲,可是篇幅有限,只能让他们分开了。不定式的构成非常简单,告诉我是什么?对!是to+动词原形。当然啦,to有时也可以不带。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分。那什么时候可以不带to呢?Listentomecarefully.  不定式省to有四种情况: 使役动词let,have,make等后接不定式。如:Lethimgo!让他走!  wouldrather,hadbetter后。如:Youhadbetterstayathome.你最好呆在家里。 Why.../whynot...后。如:WhynothaveagoodrestonSunday?为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢? 感官动词see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省to。如:Isawhimdance.我看见他跳舞。  注意:这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to哟!如:Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.变成被动句:Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.  不定式的特殊用法:嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 It与不定式:动词不定式可以做主语,但如果动词不定式太长,显得头重脚轻的,那么我们就可用形式主语it代替,而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。  如:ItisnotdifficultformetostudyEnglishwell.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)不定式还可以充当句子的宾语,但有些动词,如find,think,believe等,在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语,只有用it作形式宾语,从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。  如:Ifounditdifficulttofallasleep.我发现很难入睡。  还有一点:动词不定式,还可用在how,when,where,what,which等疑问代词或副词之后,与其共同作宾语。如:Idon"tknowhowtouseacomputer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remember?too...to...和enough...to:too...to表达"太...一致于不能..."。  enough...to表达"足以..."。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。  Theboxistooheavyformetolift.这个箱子太沉了,我提不动。  Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学的年龄了。也就是说,他的年龄足够上学了。记住这两个句子就可以举一反三,应用自如。你记住了吗?  好吧,再试一把趁热打铁! 练习:1.Tellhim___thewindow. A.toclosenot B.nottoclose C.tonotclose D.notclose 2.Pauldoesn"thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard. A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning 3.You"dbetter_______thestoryinJapanese. A.say B.speak C.tell D.talk 4.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation. A.toeatnot B.eatingnot C.nottoeat D.noteating 5.----Iusuallygotherebytrain.  ----Whynot___byboatforachange? A.totrygoing B.tryingtogo C.totryandgo D.trygoing 6.Therearesomebooksonthefloor,wouldyoulike________?嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  A.topickthemup B.topickupthem C.pickitup D.pickupit 7.Sheisveryill,let"s_______adoctoratonce. A.towakeup B.sendfor C.topayfor D.payfor 8.Iwant________ateacherwhenIgrowup. A.tobe B.to C.be D.being 9.It"scoldhere.You"dbetter______yourcoat. A.nottakeout B.nottotakedown C.nottakeoff D.nottotakeaway 10.Mymothertoldme________morewater. A.drinking B.drank C.todrink D.drink              实战:1.You"dbetter_______readinthesun. A.notto B.not C.don"t D.to 2.Youaren"tanewdriver,areyou?_______. A.No,Iam B.Yes,I"mnot C.No,youare D.Yes,Iam 3.MustIstayherenow?_________. A.No,youmustn"t B.No,youneedn"t C.Yes,youcan D.Yes,youmay 4.Thereis_______"s"intheword"bus".嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  A.a B.an C.the D./ 5.Neithereofus______adoctor. A.is B.isn"t C.are D.aren"t 6.Whowasthefirstinthegirls"_________race? A.400metre B.400-metre C.400metres D.400-metres 7.It"stoonoisyhere,Ican"t_______. A.gotosleep B.falltosleep C.sleeping D.gettosleep 8.Thestoryhappened________theeveningofOctober20,1995. A.at B.on C.in D.to 9.CouldIspeaktoMrGao,please?________.Hehasgonetothehospital. A.Ithinkso B.Certainly,youcan C.I"mafraidnot D.I"mnotsure 10.I"msorrytotroubleyou,MissHu.________. A.Fine,thankyou. B.Allright. C.It"sverykindofyou. D.Itdoesn"tmatter. 11.Canyoutellmewhere________? A.isthepostoffice B.thepostofficeis C.doesthepostoffice D.thepostofficedoes 12.InEngland,thefirstnameis_______name,butinChina,thefirstnameis______name. A.family,given B.given,family C.family,family D.given,given嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  13.LiPingmetanoldfriendof_______onatrainyesterday. A.he B.him C.his D.her 14.Kateis________girl. A.aeighteen-year-old B.aeighteen-years-old C.aneighteen-years-old D.aneighteen-year-old 15.Ourcityisgetting________. A.beautifulandbeautiful B.beautifulerandbeautifuler C.moreandmorebeautiful D.morebeautiflerandmorebeautifuler第7讲介词别看介词是一种虚词,它在句中的作用却非常重要。它用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系,不能单独使用。常考点包括一些固定搭配和一些近义词。固定搭配如:onone"sway  home,help...with,sendfor,beinterestedin...,belatefor,beangrywith,begoodat等。当然这需要你好好记忆了。  常用介词解析及用法比较:  at,on和in:这三个介词在试卷中的出现频率极高。对于它们的的分辨只要记住一句话就可以了。at表示点,on表示线,in表示面。什么意思呢?也就是说它们表达的范围逐渐增大。atsixo"clock,atnoon,attheageofsixteen等用at表示时刻或时间的点以及年龄。on具体到一周中的各天,日期及某特定的一天早上,下午,晚上:onSaturday,onJuly1st,onmybirthday,onthemorningofJuly16th,onaspringafternoon。in表达的范围更大一些。与世纪、年代、季节、月份以及早上、上午、晚上等连用。如:intheseventhcentury,in1950"s,in2000,inthemorning等。 for,since:for表示多长时间。since后接时间起点,其终点往往为现在,常与完成时连用。牢牢记住哟。 after,in:这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。其区别是:after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子;in以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子。 by,with,in:by表示"以...的方式,方法,手段"和"乘某种交通工具";with指"借助于具体的手段或工具";in表示"以......方式,用语言,文字等媒介"。 for和of:试比较:It"simpossibleformetowatchTVaftereleveno"clock.It"skindofyoutohelpme.两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏,人自身的特点,如聪明与否,细心与粗心等;for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必然性,难易程度等。 好,又到了趁热打铁的时间了,来检测一下你的学习成效如何?练习:嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 1.Canyoutellthestory______Russian? A.with B.in C.on D.by 2.Herearesomebirthdaycards______ourteachers,______ourbestwishes. A.of,with B.for,with C.of,in D.for,in 3.Thevisitors_______Japanarrived_____BeijingstationlastTuesdaymorning. A.from,at B.of,to C.from,to D.of,on 4.He"sbadlyhurt,wemustsend_____adoctoratonce. A.to B.up C.on D.for 5.Doyouusuallycometoschool______footor_____-bike? A.by...by B.on...on C.on...by D.by...on 6.--whenwasJimborn?  --______July,18,1978. A.on B.at C.in D.to 7.WeiFangboughtanewpenatashop_____herwayhome. A.on B.at C.in D.to 8.Don"ttellanybodyaboutit.Keepitasecret_______youandme. A.among B.between C.in D.with 9.Theteacherwillbeback______anhour. A.in B.after嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  C.of D.at 10.--HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?  --I"vebeenhere_____1989. A.in B.since C.on D.for              实战:1.______maninbrownis_____friendofmyfathere"s.  A.The..the  B.The...a  C.A...a  D.A...the  2.Hereisaletter______you.It"s______youraunt.  A.to...for  B.for...to  C.from...to  D.for...from  3.Thetwinsare____interestedinChinesefood.  A.all  B.both  C.neither  D.each  4.Itis______hotinNanjinginsummer.  A.toomuch  B.muchtoo  C.muchmore  D.somuch  5.That"stoodear.Haveyougot_______?  A.cheapersomething  B.everythingcheaper  C.cheaperanything  D.anythingcheaper  6.--CanIgoouttoplayfootballnow?   --No,you_______.Youmustdoyourhomeworkfirst.  A.won"t  B.can"t  C.needn"t  D.don"t  7.Theboydidn"tgotobed_______hewasaskedto.嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页   A.while  B.since  C.until  D.assoonas  8.LessonTwois______thanLessonOne.  A.muchdifficult  B.muchmoredifficult  C.themostdifficult  D.littledifficult  9.You"dbetter_______hereanylonger.  A.don"tstay  B.nottostay  C.tonotstay  D.notstay  10.It_______himhalfanhourtorideabiketogethere.  A.spent  B.used  C.took  D.paid  11.MrsReaddoesn"tknow______forherdaughter.  A.whatwillshebuy  B.whichwillshebuy  C.tobuywhat  D.whatshewillbuy  12.Thesechildernhaveneverseensnow,_______they?  A.do  B.don"t  C.haven"t  D.have  13.Why_______shoppingatonce?  A.don"tgo  B.notgoto  C.didin"tgo  D.notgo  14.TheGreatWall______allovertheworld.  A.isbeingknown  B.wasknown  C.hasknown  D.isknown  15.Myfriendhasworkedinthathospital_________.  A.sinceitopened  B.foritopened  C.sinceitopens  D.sinceitisopen嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 第8讲:连词好了,现在我们在攻克词类的最后一个堡垒——连词。连词更好对付了,我们只讲几个常考  的词组就可以了。  连词常考到的有以下几个词组:both...and:表示"两者都...".注意:当both...and连接主语时,后面动词一般要用复数。如:BothLilyandLucyareright.notonly...butalso:"不仅...而且..."。注意:后面动词采用就近原则,与butalso后的词保持一致。如:Notonlymyparentsbutalsomybrotherlikesthecat.either...or:"或者...或者..."。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如:EitheryouorIamwrong.neither...nor:"既不...也不..."是"either...or"的否定形式。谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。  如:Neitheryounorheisright. or的用法:意思为"否则"。如:Imustworkhard,orI"llfailintheexam.(我必须好好学习,否则我会考不及格了。) Soeasy,notdifficultatall!OK!Let"scometoour趁热打铁。练习:1._________John_______Iarepolicemen.  A.Neither...nor  B.Either...or  C.Both...and  D.Notonly...butalso  2.MrSmithteaches______well______hislessonsarenoteasilyforgotten.  A.very...that  B.quite...but  C.so...as  D.so...that  3.Hedidn"tgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework.  A.till  B.before  C.after  D.until  4.Ididn"tbuythedictionaryyesterday________myauntwouldgivemeone.  A.until  B.because  C.if  D.before  5.Therunnerfell_______hequicklygotupandwentonrunning.  A.or  B.and  C.but  D.down  6.Waitformeintheroom_______Icomeback.  A.until嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页   B.and  C.so  D.or  7.I"llreturnthebookstothelibrary______soonaspossible.  A.as  B.so  C.just  D.but  8.Goalongtheroad,_______you"llfindthemarketattheendofit.  A.when  B.and  C.or  D.though  9.You"llbelate______youdon"tgetupearlytomorrowmorning.  A.if  B.when  C.before  D.until  10.Itwaslate.Shewashedherface______wenttobed.  A.or  B.and  C.so  D.but实践:1.MrLinoftencomestotheparktodomorningexercieseatthistimeof______day.  A.the  B.a  C.不填  D.an  2.Thisis_______business,notmine.  A.MrYangandMrZhang"s  B.MrYangandMrZhang  C.MrYang"sandMrZhang  D.MrYang"sandMrZhang"s  3.Ihavegot______newsfrommyfriend.Doyouwanttoknow?  A.averygood  B.any  C.apieceof  D.twopieces  4.She_______athickcoattoday,thoughitisn"tverycold.  A.iswearing  B.puton嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页   C.dressed  D.isdressing  5.Thatwomanisverytired,soshe________.  A.stoppedtowork  B.stoppedhavingagoodrest  C.stoppedtohavearest  D.stoppedtoworking  6.--Hello,whoareyou________?   --Mymother.  A.waiting  B.waitingfor  C.finding  D.looking  7.MyunclewenttoMoscowtodosomebusinessthreemonths______?  A.before  B.later  C.ago  D.after  8.Edisonwasclevererthan_______studentsinhisclass,buthisteacherdidin"tknowthis.  A.allthe  B.other  C.another  D.theothers  9.Idon"tknowwhereJackisnow.________-inthecinema.  A.Maybehe  B.Maybehe  C.Hemightbe  D.Hemaybe  10.Itwas______dark_____wecouldn"tseeanythingclearly.  A.very,that  B.too,to  C.so,as  D.so,that  11.Therearetwodictionariesonhisdesk,but______ofthemisusefultome.  A.all  B.neither  C.both  D.either  12._______Isawhimdrivingacaracrossthestreet.  A.Rightnow  B.Justamoment  C.Rightaway  D.Justnow  13.Shewillbebackbyairfromshanghai________.嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页   A.inaweek  B.afteraweek  C.aweeklater  D.untilaweek  14.Youmaypayattentiontoyourwriting______nobodycanunderstandwhatyouwanttowrite.  A.but  B.and  C.or  D.that  15.Thetestis______easierand_____interestingthanthatone.  A.more,much  B.much,more  C.more,more  D.much,much第9讲:时态一提起时态,当然是指动词的时态啦。过去、现在和未来等不同时间段发生的事情要用不同的时态来表示。时态是动词的一种形式,表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和方式。闭上眼睛想一想,初中我们学过的时态有几个?初中我们共学过八种时态。本讲将这几个时态总体介绍一下:  一般现在时:常与always,often,sometimes,everyday连用,表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时,别忘了动词的变化。注意:象"地球大,月亮小"等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。  现在进行时:要注意其构成:由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如:We"restudyingnow.我们现在正在学习。 一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,lastyear,in1949,twoyearsago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意:Weoftenwenttodancelastsummer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时,其实因为后面有表示过去时间的lastsummer,所以要用过去式,千万别误用了,切记,切记。  过去进行时:显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么,常和特定的时间状语如atthattime,atsixyesterday,atthatmoment,whenhecamein等连用。如:Whenheknockedatthedoor,hismotherwascooking.  一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来时间状语如nextyear,tomorrow等连用。注意:在Willyou....?问句中,回答必须是Yes,Iwill.或No,Iwon"t而不能用Yes,Ishall.No,Ishan"t.来回答过去将来时:过去将来时不可以单独使用,它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语,表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:TheytoldmethattheywouldgotoworkinGuangdong.  现在完成时:顾名思义,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作,但动作造成的影响还在,常被just,already,yet等副词修饰。如:HehasalreadygonetoTianjin.对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如:MrWanghaslivedheresince1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,我们常用"过"来表示,常带有twice,once,ever,never等时间状语。如:I"veneverseenthatfilm.  过去完成时:我们可以用"过去的过去"来概括过去完成时,表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,通常与by,before等构成的短语或when,before,嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 after引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同,只不过又向前推了一个时态。 八个时态可能得让你好好对付一阵子,但细细学来,也并不困难。不信吗?试试趁热打铁你就知道了。  练习:1.Thezoo_______inthenorthofthecity.  A.lies  B.builds  C.seems  D.lying  2.--Tom______out.   --Oh,ishe?Whattime_______he______out?  A.is,did,go  B.went,is,going  C.hasgone,did,go  D.isgoing,does,go  3.--Itmustbeonchannel2.Trythat.   --I______that.ButIstillcan"tgetanything.  A.havetried  B.tried  C.try  D.willdo  4.Theyusually________TVintheevening.  A.watch  B.willwatch  C.arewatching  D.watches  5.Hehas_______forabouttwelveyears.  A.boughtthehouse  B.lefthere  C.livedhere  D.gonehere  6.Thetwooldman________eachothersince1970.  A.didn"tseen  B.don"tsee  C.haven"tsee  D.won"tsee嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页   7.LucyandLilycanspeakgoodChinese,becausethey______Chinaforsixyears.  A.havebeenin  B.havebeento  C.havecometo  D.havegoneto  8.--Ourcountry______alotsofar.   --Yes,Ihopeitwillbeeven________.  A.haschanged,well  B.changed,good  C.haschanged,better  D.changed,better  9.--IsawAnn_______agreendressatthemeeting.   --Ithinkshelooksbetter_______red.  A.dressed,in  B.puton,wear  C.wearing,in  D.wear,puton  10.--Ididn"tcometoschoolbecausemymotherwasillyesterday.   --Iamsorry______that.  A.hearing  B.hear  C.hears  D.tohear实践:1.Therewillbe______interestingfilmtomorrowevening.   A.a   B.an   C.the   D.some   2.--What"sthatoverthere?    --It"s______bag.   A.I   B.me   C.my   D.mine嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    3.ThestudentsofClassOne______ontheplayground.   A.amplaying   B.isplaying   C.areplaying   D.wasplaying   4.You"dbetter_______latenexttime!   A.notbe   B.nottobe   C.won"tbe   D.don"tbe   5.Healwaysgetsupearly,_______he?   A.is   B.isn"the   C.does   D.doesn"t   6.______tallthebuildingis!   A.Howa   B.How   C.What   D.Whata   7.LessonSevenis________oneinthisbook.   A.important   B.moreimportant   C.mostimportant   D.themostimportant   8.Iwillcallyouassoonasshe________back.   A.comes   B.come   C.came   D.willcome   9.Heputonhiscoat______wentout.   A.and   B.but   C.or   D.so   10.--______Igettherebeforesixo"clock?    --No,youneedn"t.嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    A.Can   B.May   C.Must   D.Shall   11.Theirbabywasborn______April2,1997.   A.in   B.on   C.at   D.by   12.Herfatherisbusy_______thetruck.   A.mend   B.mends   C.mended   D.mending   13.We________thefloorwhensheleft.   A.sweep   B.swept   C.weresweeping   D.aresweeping   14.Hewants________someapplesandoranges.   A.tobuy   B.buys   C.bought   D.buy   15.Doyouunderstand______?   A.whatdidhesay   B.hesaidwhat   C.whatdoeshesay   D.whathesaid                第10讲:时态(二)时态的运用比较复杂,好多同学因为做题时不知应用哪种时态而挠头皮。其实你只要把易混的时态掌握好,对你来说时态就没有什么难点可言了。而你易混的时态无非是一般过去时和现在完成时,一般过去时和过去完成时的比较罢了。这有何难?看看下面的分析,你会发现一切"aseasyasABC"。  一般过去式和现在完成时:  一般过去式只是表示事情发生在过去,陈述一个事实,它可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语如:lastnight,in1999,threedaysago等连用。而现在完成时表示某一完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,所以它不能和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用。嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页   如:Wehaveseenthatfilm.我们已看过那部电影。对现在造成的影响是我们对影片已有所了解。Wesawthefilmlastnight.昨天晚上我们看了那部电影。只说明昨天晚上看电影这一事实。  注意:有些时间状语,如thismorning,tonight,thismonth等,既可用于一般过去时,又可用于现在完成时,但所表达的意义有所不同。用于现在完成时表示包括现在在内,而用于一般过去式则与现在无关。如:IhavereadthisbookthisApril.(说话时仍然为四月。)IreadthisbookthisApril.(说话时四月份已过。)  一般过去式和过去完成时的比较:  一般过去式表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态,而过去完成时在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态,即"过去的过去"。当强调过去某一动作发生在某一动作之前时,常用此时态。    如:Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforenineo"clock. 九点之前他已经完成了作业。实际上,一般现在时和过去完成时常搭配使用。如:Whenhegothome,hisdaughterhadalreadygonetobed.当他到家的时候,他的女儿早已去睡觉了。在带有after和before引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,由于从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,所以可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 如:Hecalledonmesoonafterhehadfinishedhishomework.他做完作业后不久便来拜访我。也可以说:Hecalledonmesoonafterhefinishedhishomework. 哇塞,我们终于学完了所有时态,摩拳擦掌,试试趁热打铁!练习:1.ZhaoLan____already___inthisschoolfortwoyears.   A.was...studying   B.will...study   C.has...studied   D.arestudying   2.Theyusually_____TVintheevening.   A.watch   B.willwatch   C.arewatching   D.watches   3.Judy_____theGreatWalltwice,andnowshestill______togothere.   A.wentto,wanted   B.goesto,wants   C.hasgone,wants   D.hasbeento,wants   4.Shewillfindhimakindmanwhenshe_______moreabouthim.   A.knows   B.know   C.willknow   D.isgoingtoknow嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    5.--WhatareyougoingtogiveourteacherforTeacher"sDay?    --I"mnotsure.MaybeI_____himsomeflowers.   A.havegiven   B.willgive   C.gave   D.give   6.--Tom______out.    --Oh,ishe?Whattime_____he_____out?   A.is,did,go   B.went,is,going   C.hasgone,did,go   D.isgoing,does,go   7.It"snineo"clocknow,they______anEnglishclass.   A.have   B.arehaving   C.having   D.willhave   8.--"WhereisLiLei?"    --"He_______hissportsshoesintheroom.He______footballwithhisfriends."   A.isputtingon,isplaying   B.putson,willplay   C.isputtingon,willplay   D.puton,played   9.MissSmithwithherparents______Chinasince_________.   A.havebeenin,twoyearsago   B.hasgoneto,twoyears   C.havebeento,twoyears   D.hasbeenin,twoyearsago   10.WhenIknockedatthedoor,mymother_______.   A.iscooking   B.cooked   C.wascooking   D.cooks                                                    实践:1.Jack"sfatheris______doctor.   A.a嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    B.an   C.some   D./   2.Heoftendoessomewashing______Sunday.   A.at   B.in   C.on   D.by   3.Thisroomisours,andthatoneis________.   A.they   B.them   C.their   D.theirs   4.Tomis_______boyinhisclass.   A.tall   B.taller   C.tallest   D.thetallest   5."CanyoucomeherenextFriday?"    "Sorry,I_______."   A.can"t   B.mustn"t   C.needn"t   D.maynot   6.Didyou______thefootballmatchlastnight?   A.see   B.watch   C.look   D.read   7.There________manyhighbuildingsinthiscity.   A.is   B.are   C.have   D.has   8.Johnhastwobrothers.Oneisanartist,________isascientist.   A.theothers   B.another嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    C.theother   D.others   9.Themanaskedthepoliceman_______.   A.lethimetogo   B.tolethimtogo   C.lethimgo   D.tolethimgo   10.Please_______page54andreadlessonTwelve.   A.turnto   B.turninto   C.turnin   D.turnon   11.Hedidnotgohome______hefinishedthework.   A.of   B.because   C.until   D.since   12.Theoldmanwas_______tiredthatshecouldn"twalkon.   A.so   B.too   C.very   D.quite   13.Wearebusy________ourlessonsthesedays.   A.prepare   B.preparing   C.toprepare   D.prepared   14.I"llgowithyouifI________freetomorrow.   A.willbe   B.shallbe   C.am   D.was   15.Doyouknow________?   A.wheredoeshelive   B.wherehelives   C.hewherelives   D.heliveswhere嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 第11讲:动词语态  和时态一样,语态也是动词的一种形式,用来说明句中主语和谓语的关系。如果动作由主语执行,就可使用主动语态,如果主语不是由主语执行,主语是动作的承受者,则可使用被动语态。由此我们可以看出英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。  被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者,什么事情被主语做。被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成,一定要记住是及物动词。助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致,注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。  适合被动语态的情况:  不知道动作由谁发出,或由于某种原因没有必要说明谁发出动作。如:Thistableismadeofwood.  需要突出或强调动作的承受者时,如:Thisparkwasbuiltforchildren.注意:主动句中的主语如果是people,they,somebody等含糊的表示"人或人们",没有确指执行者是谁,为被动句时,通常省略"by+执行者"。如:Thedoorwasopenedsecretly.Butnobodycamein.  注意:在主动句里,不定式在make,see,hear等动词后面作宾语补足语时都不带to,但变成被动句时,后面的不定式都需带to。如:Hewasmadetodothatwork.主动语态不能变被动语态的情况:学了被动语态,别以为主动句和被动句可以随意转换,千万要注意呀!有些主动语态不能转换成被动语态。当宾语是反身代词时,如:Youshouldtakecareofyourself. 当谓语是表状态的而不是表具体动作的及物动词时,如:Doestheskirtsuityou?                          练习:1.Thestars_______inthedaytime.   A.can"tsee   B.can"tbeseen   C.can"tbeensee   D.see   2.Apresent_______tomebyMothernextweek.   A.willgive   B.isgiven   C.willbegive   D.willbegiven   3.TheCommunistPartyofChina_______inShanghaiin1921.   A.wasfound   B.found   C.wasfounded   D.founded   4.Greatchanges_______inmyhometownsinceliberation.   A.havebeentakenplace   B.tookplace   C.havetakenplace嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    D.weretakenplace   5.Iwasastonished(吃惊)tohearthatthecolourTVset_______5,000yuan.   A.hascost   B.cost   C.costed   D.wascost   6.Hewasseen_________somethingfromtheshop.   A.steel   B.tosteal   C.tobestolen   D.stealed   7.Shehas_________byherclassmates.   A.laughed   B.laughedat   C.beenlaughed   D.beenlaughedat   8.Thecomputer________intheroom.   A.canuse   B.canbeuse   C.canbeused   D.canused   9.Thatclock______BigBen.   A.call   B.calling   C.iscalled   D.calls   10.Thefilm_______againsometimesnextweek.   A.shows   B.willshows   C.willbeshowed   D.shows                        实践:1.Ihaveneverseen_____UFOin______sky.   A.a,the   B.an,the嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    C.a,a   D.the,a   2.--Howisyourbrother"shouseworkdone?    --________   A.Good   B.Allright   C.Quitewell   D.Verybad   3.TheycomefromEngland.Theyare_______.   A.Englishman   B.English   C.Englishmans   D.anEnglish   4.Wouldyoupleasegiveme_____colourpencils?   A.any   B.some   C.alittle   D.much   5.Myfatherissleepingnow,couldyou____theradioabit?   A.turnup   B.turnon   C.turndown   D.turnoff   6.ItwillbeChildren"sDaysoonandwe"renow____busy____abee.   A.as...as   B.as...like   C.like...as   D.so...like   7.--Well,______?    --Ihaveaheadache,doctor.   A.howdoyoudo   B.what"sthematterwithyou   C.howareyoufeelinglike   D.whatkindofillnessdoyouhave   8.Theteachertoldtheboy_____itagain.   A.don"tdo   B.doesnotdo嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    C.tonotdo   D.nottodo   9.Ilefthere,________.   A.Marydoes   B.sodoesMary   C.Marydidso   D.sodidMary   10.--Whoteaches_____English?    --MrLin.   A.you   B.your   C.she   D.Tom"s   11.Haveyoufinished_______thebook?   A.read   B.toread   C.reading   D.reads   12.Thefarmerstaughtus______.   A.tohowpickapples.   B.howpickapples.   C.howpickingapples   D.howtopickapples   13.--______IwatchPro.Brownfrommorningtillnight?    --No,youneedn"t.   A.Must   B.Can   C.May   D.Need.   14.Doyouknow________?   A.howlonghashelivedhere   B.howlonghehaslivedhere   C.hehaslivedherehowlong   D.hehaslivedhowlonghere   15.WewillgototheGreatwallifit______tomorrow.   A.doesn"train   B.won"train嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    C.isn"training   D.didn"train第12讲:句子种类(一)  我们都知道,根据句子的使用目的,句子可分为陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句。疑问句是常考的重点,也是要掌握的难点,这里我们先重点讲一下.  疑问句中我们只讲一讲难掌握的反意疑问句和特殊疑问句.  反意疑问句:在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句,对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句.如前面陈述句部分是肯定式,后面问句部分一般用是否定式;如前一部分是否定式,后一部分一般用肯定式.前后两部分在人称,数及时态上通常保持一致.如:Youareastudent,aren"tyou?(你是学生,对吗?)在祈使句后面用反意疑问句,要注意人称的变化。如:Gotothecinema,willyou?  在省略的感叹句后面,要注意主语的单复数。 如:Whatfineweather,isn"tit? 陈述句部分的主语如是I,疑问部分要用aren"tI. 如:I"mastallasyoursister,aren"tI? 陈述部分用never,hardly,few,nothing,nobody,few,seldom,hardly,little 等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义.如:Heseldomcamehere,didhe? 陈述句部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didn"t+主语或usedn"t+主语. 如:Heusedtogotoschoolatseven,didn"the?/usedn"the? 陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn"tyou? 如:You"dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn"tyou? 陈述部分有You"dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn"t+主语.如:You"dliketogowithme,wouldn"tyou? 主语是everyone,someone,anyone,noone等不定代词时,多用they指代. 如:Everyoneishere,aren"tthey?(所有的人都来了吗?) 主语是everything,something,anthing,nothing时,用it指代。省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou。如:Don"tdothatagain,willyou?注意Let"s开头的祈使句,后用shallwe?Letus开头的祈使句,后用willyou? 陈述部分是"therebe"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。如:Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn"tthere?  特殊疑问句:注意疑问词howmanyhowmuch,howoften,howold,howlong,what,whattime,whatday,whatcolour,which,when,who,whose等疑问词的用法。练习: 1.Don"tforgettogivethebabysomefood,______?   A.willyou?   B.shallwe   C.won"tyou   D.doyou   2.Youhavemetbefore,_______?   A.haven"tyou   B.haveyou嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    C.doyou   D.don"tyou   3.Shehasneverreadthebookbefore,_______?   A.hasshe   B.hasn"tshe   C.isshe   D.isn"tshe   4.Mikehastofinishherworknow,_______?   A.hashe   B.hasn"the   C.doeshe   D.doesn"the   5.--"Don"tsmokeinthedining-hall,willyou?"    --"_________."   A.Yes,Iagree   B.Yes,ofcourse,   C.Yes,Idon"tthinkso   D.What"swrong   6.--______didyoustayinUrumqilastsummer?    --Fortwoweeks.   A.Howoften   B.How   C.Howlong   D.Howmanytimes   7.Henearlyhurthimselfintheaccident,_______?   A.doesn"the   B.didn"the   C.didhe   D.doeshe   8.--_______willyourauntbebackfromwork?    --Inanhour.   A.Howsoon   B.Howoften   C.Howlong   D.Whattime   9.Theoldmanhadtodothefarmworkhimself,________?   A.didhe   B.didn"the嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    C.hadhe   D.weren"the   10.--"________dotheyhaveameeting?"    --"Everytwoweeks."   A.Howlong   B.Howoften   C.When   D.Whattime                 实践: 1.MrWilliamswillvisitourschoolagainsome_______day.   A.theother   B.another   C.another   D.other   2.Weshallneverlaugh_________peoplewhentheyare_______trouble.   A.on,in   B.at,in   C.on,to   D.to,at   3."Thankyouforyourhelp.""_______."   A.Youarewelcome   B.Itdoesn"tmatter   C.Youarekind   D.It"snoneed   4.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy,______itisimportantforus.   A.and   B.so   C.or   D.but   5."MustIgettherebeforeeight?""No,you______."   A.can"t   B.mustn"t   C.needn"t   D.must   6.Mysisterisn"tthere,she_______toBeijing.   A.went嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    B.willgo   C.hasbeen   D.hasgone   7.Newfactory_______inourhometownnextyear.   A.build   B.willbuild   C.willbebuilt   D.isbuilding   8.Idon"tthinkheisdoinghishomework,______?"   A.ishe   B.isn"the   C.doeshe   D.don"tI   9.Ienjoyed_______toschoolinthemorninglastyear.   A.torun   B.run   C.runing   D.running   10.Sorry,I"vekeptyou________foralongtime.   A.wait   B.waiting   C.towait   D.waited   11._______mothertold_______aninterestingstoryyesterday.   A.Mine,I   B.My,I   C.My,me   D.My,my   12.Hisgrandma______in1968.Shehasbeen_________foryears.   A.died,died   B.dead,died   C.dead,died   D.died,dead   13.Theoldmanis_______underthetree.   A.lying   B.lie   C.laying嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    D.tolie   14.Heruns________thanhisclassmates.   A.fastest   B.thefastest   C.fast   D.faster   15.Thetwins"fatherisstanding________them.   A.among   B.between   C.during   D.above第13讲:句子的种类(二)  本讲主要讲一下感叹句,祈使句,再顺便提一下强调句.感叹句注意事项:  感叹句往往由what和how引导。至于what和how的区别则是再好辨别不过了。跟我背一背下面的顺口溜,感叹句你就不再陌生了. 感叹句用法很简单,How和What放句前,How与形、副词类连,What后面名词添.主语谓语不用变,省掉它们也常见.当然,what感叹句和how感叹句有时可以互相转换。当What修饰单数可数名词时,如果这一名词有形容词修饰,也可用how引导感叹句,但不定冠词a或an需放在形容词之后。如:Whatalargefactory=Howlargeafactoryitis! 祈使句:祈使句所需注意的是:含有第二人称的祈使句的否定句用don"t.含有第一、第三人称的祈使句的否定句用Let+not+动词原形或Don"tlet+第三人称代词的宾格或名词。 下面稍微提一下常考的强调句:我们学过的强调句是it引导的句子。记住:强调句的连词只有两个,that和who。当强调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用"who",其余用"that".句式是:Itis(was)被强调部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。判断一个句子是否是强调句,只需看去掉Itbe…that是否还是一个完整的句子。  看下面例题: Itistwentyyears___MissFengreturnedtoChina.  A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as 答案C.本题易误选为A(that).其实本句不是强调句。若是,去掉Itbe…that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉"Itis...that",只剩下tenyearsMissFengreturnedtoChina.不成句。因此本句不是强调句。  句子的种类你掌握的如何?何不试试趁热打铁?练习:1.Itwasyesterday_______XiaoMingfinishedallhishomework.   A.that   B.when   C.where   D.at嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    2.YouarenotinGradeTwo,________you?   A.aren"t   B.are   C.do   D.don"t   3.Shehasneverreadthebookbefore,_______?   A.hasshe   B.hasn"tshe   C.isshe   D.isn"tshe   4.--Iwanttoshoppingthisafternoon.Whataboutyou?    ___________.   A.SodidI   B.SoIdid   C.SoIdo   D.SodoI   5.It"stimeforsuppernow.Let"s______it.   A.stoptohaveit   B.stophaving   C.tostoptohave   D.stoppingtohave   6._______lovelyshesmiles!   A.How   B.Howa   C.What   D.Whata   7.Thankyoufor_____mewithmyEnglish.   A.help   B.helped   C.helping   D.helps   8.--Wouldyouplease_______theshoesonthefloor?    --I"msorry.Iwon"tdoitagain.   A.notthrow   B.don"tthrow   C.nottothrow   D.didn"tthrow嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    9.LilyhasnotvisitedmanyplacesofgreatinterestsinChina.________.   A.Sohashertwinsister   B.Neitherishertwinsister   C.Sohertwinsister   D.Neitherhashertwinsister   10.Don"t_______booksagain!Youmustbecareful_______nowon.   A.lost,from   B.lose,from   C.lost,since   D.lose,since                      实践:1.WhenIenteredtheroom,Isawthelittleboy_______inthecorner.   A.tostand   B.stands   C.stood   D.standing   2.Itisagreatshameforme_______infrontofsomanypeople.   A.tolaughat   B.tolaughingat   C.tobelaughedat   D.tohavelaughedat   3.Hedarestoclimbthattalltree,________he?   A.doesn"t   B.daren"t   C.hasn"t   D.isn"t   4.Please______anythingyoucanrememberabouttheaccident.   A.fillin   B.drawout   C.writein   D.putdown   5.-Willthecloudsliftintheafternoon?--_______.   A.Ihopeso   B.Ihopeit   C.Ihopethat嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    D.Ihopesuch   6.Wehadtostayathome______theheavyrain.   A.as   B.since   C.becauseof   D.because   7.Theywillvisitourschool______nextweek.   A.sometimes   B.sometime   C.sometimes   D.sometimes   8.Althoughhetriedhard,hewas______maths.   A.goodat   B.doingwellin   C.weakin   D.interestedin   9.Thestars______inthedaytime.   A.can"tsee   B.can"tbeseen   C.canbeseen   D.see   10.Thiskindofcars_______inShanghai.   A.ismade   B.aremade   C.aremaking   D.ismaking   11.MrBlack"sjustcomebackfromtheEngland,_______he?   A.isn"t   B.doesn"t   C.hasn"t   D.is   12._______tenyearssinceIleftmyhometown.   A.They   B.Itis    C.Therehavebeen   D.Itwas嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    13.Isthis________lookingfor?   A.youwere   B.thatyouwere   C.whatwereyou   D.whatyouwere   14.TheBlacks_______gototheseasidetohavetheirholidays,butnowtheynolongergothere.   A.wereusedto   B.usedto   C.usually   D.seldom   15.Don"thurry.Onlyonepersoncanentertheroom________.   A.atatime   B.innotime   C.intime   D.ontime                   第14讲:宾语从句  一个句子如果加上宾语从句,句子显然变复杂了,也变的difficult了,其实,你大可不必发愁。只要掌握好宾语从句的用法,一切问题就迎刃而解了。 宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同,可把宾语从句分为三类。  以that引导的宾语从句。  如:Ihearthatyouhavepassedtheexamination.Goodluck!  以if和whether引导的宾语从句。  如:Idon"tknowifyoucancometomorrow.  以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。  如:Pleasetellmehowyoucangethere. 运用宾语从句要注意以下几点:宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。主句的谓语动词的时态如果是过去时态,宾语从句谓语动词的时态要选用相应的过去某一种形式。如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理,事实时,即使主句是过去式,从句仍用一般现在时。练习:1.SheaskedmeifIknew_______.   A.whosepenisit   B.whosepenitwas   C.whosepenitis   D.whosepenwasit   2.Idon"tknow_______hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.   A.whether   B.where   C.what嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    D.when   3.Idon"tknow______hewillcometomorrow._______hecomes,I"lltellyou.   A.if,whether   B.whether,whether   C.if,That   D.if,If   4.Thesmallchildrendon"tknow________.   A.whatistheirstockingsin   B.whereisintheirstockings   C.whereistheirstockingin   D.whatintheirstockings   5.Canyoutellme________?   A.whendoestheshipleave   B.whentheshipwillleave   C.whentheshipleave   D.whenwilltheshipleave   6.Canyoutellme______?   A.whendidhecome   B.whenhecame   C.whendidhecame   D.hecamewhen   7.Canyoutellme______theradio?   A.howdidhemend   B.whatdidhemend   C.howhemended   D.whathemended   8.Heaskedhisfather_________.   A.whereithappens   B.wheredidithappen   C.howithappened   D.howdidithappen   9.Ididn"tknowwhatcolour_________.   A.isthebag   B.thebagis   C.wasthebag   D.thebagwas嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    10.Couldyoutellme______withthemoney?   A.howtodo   B.whatshouldIdo   C.howshouldIdo   D.whatIshoulddo                      实践:1.Weare_____goingtothefactoryandworkthere.   A.briefly   B.lately   C.recently   D.shortly   2.Formoststudents,theirteacher"sadviceismoreimportantthan______oftheirparents.   A.one   B.what   C.which   D.that   3.Theytalkedinalowvoice______beheardbyothers.   A.sonotasto   B.soasnotto   C.soastonot   D.soasto   4.Notuntilthisevening______thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.   A.Ididknow   B.didIknow   C.Iknew   D.Ihaveknown   5.Wearelookingforwardtoseeingyouagain,andwe"llbeverydisappointedifyou______.   A.didn"tcome   B.haven"tcome   C.won"tcome   D.don"tcome   6.IfI_______thereearlier,I________him.   A.hadarrived,wouldhavemet   B.havearrived,wouldhave   C.arrived,havemet   D.arrived,hadmet嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    7.Lilyissaid______forLondonlastmonth.   A.tohaveleft   B.toleave   C.tobeleaving   D.tobeleft   8.Lifeonearth______impossibleunlesswestopdestroyingtheforestandpoisoningtheoceans.   A.was   B.hasbeen   C.willhavebeen   D.willbe   9.Thetwinswillgofishingwithusthisweekend_______theyarefree.   A.though   B.if   C.whether   D.but   10.--______wegoat8:00?--Whatabout_______italittleearlier?   A.Shall,making   B.Shall,tomake   C.Will,making   D.Will,make   11.NewYorkisbiggerthan______intheUnitedStates.   A.anyothercity   B.anycities   C.anycity   D.othercities   12.Hermother______formorethanthreeyears.   A.hasdied   B.haddied   C.isdead   D.hasbeendead   13.Alltheguests_______gottotheclassroomontime.   A.invited   B.beinginvited   C.inviting   D.tobeinvited   14.Attwelvethatnightwearrivedinthevillage_______weoncelived.嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    A.what   B.which   C.where   D.that   15.Heranfromhousetohouse,______peoplethegoodnews.   A.told   B.telling   C.tell   D.totell第15讲:状语从句  状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当,来修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词等。状语从句都由从属连词引导,与主句连接,放在句末时,一般不在前面加逗号。  状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间,原因,条件,比较,结果,目的等类。下面我们拣重点的一个一个来分析。  时间状语从句:是由when,as,while,after,before,since,until,assoonas等从属连词引导的状语从句。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时,只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如:IwillcallyouassoonasIarrivethere.  原因状语从句:because,since,as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来比较一下。because语势最强,回答why提出的问题,用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因,就用as或since。如:Idon"tlikethatcoat,becausethecolorlooksterrible.由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。如:Heisnothere,because/forhismotherisill.  目的状语从句:表示目的状语的从句可以由inorderthat,sothat,等词引导。如:Youmustraiseyourvoicesothat/inorderthateverybodycanhearyouclearly.  结果状语从句:结果状语从句常由so...that或such...that引导,要掌握和区分这两个句型,首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many,few,much,little连用,形成固定搭配。如:TheboxissoheavythatIcan"tcarryit.  让步状语从句:是由though,although引导的状语从句。though,although和but不能同时使用。  Althoughitrained,theyhadagoodtime.练习:1.Shewillfindhimakindmanwhenshe_________him.   A.knows   B.know   C.willknow   D.isgoingtoknow   2.We"llgooutforawalkassoonasit________.嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    A.stopsraining   B.raining   C.stoptorain   D.rain   3.Thefilmwas_____interesting_____everyonewantedtoseeitagain.   A.too,to   B.so,that   C.not,until   D.very,that   4.Wedon"tunderstandthepassage______thereisfewwordsinit.   A.and   B.if   C.though   D.because   5.Youaresuretopasstheexam_______youstudyhard.   A.if   B.though   C.that   D.when   6.Ifyou_____freetomorrow,wewon"tgoforapicnic.   A.aren"t   B.won"tbe   C.weren"t   D.don"t   7.WhatwasJimdoing_______theteachercamein?   A.while   B.and   C.when   D.but   8.Youmuststop______thepolicemansay:"stop!"   A.that   B.if   C.then   D.until   9.--TheboyfailedtopasstheEnglishexamination.    --______hedidn"tworkhard.   A.If嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    B.Because   C.When    D.So   10.I"llgoforawalkwithyouifit______tomorrow?   A.won"train   B.doesn"train   C.willrain   D.rain                   实践:1.Igetup______halfpastsixeveryday.   A.in   B.on   C.at   D.for   2.IheardRobin________anEnglishsonglastnight.   A.sang   B.tosing   C.sing   D.sung   3.Isthere_______intoday"snewspaper?   A.importantsomething   B.somethingimportant   C.importantanything   D.anythingimportant   4._____fineweatheritis!   A.Whata   B.Whatan   C.How   D.What   5."Whereareyourbikes?"    "________isundertree,and_______besidethewall."   A.Mine,her   B.Me,his   C.Mine,his   D.His,her嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    6.______studentslistenedtothereport.   A.Fourhundred   B.Fourhundredof   C.Fourhundredsof   D.Fourhundreds   7.Footballwasoncea______game,butnowmoreandmoregirlsenjoyplayingit.   A.boys"   B.boy"s   C.boys"s   D.girl"s   8.Don"tmove,_______Iwillkillyou!   A.and   B.or   C.so   D.but   9.Thereis_________inkinmypen.Willyoupleasegiveme_______drops?   A.afew,alittle   B.few,little   C.little,afew   D.little,alittle   10.Theycouldhardlybelieveit,_______?   A.couldn"tthey   B.couldthey   C.can"tthey   D.canthey   11."MayIsmokehere?""No,you_______."   A.can"t   B.needn"t   C.mustn"t   D.maynot   12.Hisfather________forsixyears.   A.hasdied   B.hasbeendead   C.hasdead   D.hasbeendeath   13.Thereis________umbrellaintheroom._______umbrellaisinthecorner.   A.the,the嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    B.a,The   C.an,The   D.an,A   14.Itwas______theChristmasEvethatIfirstsawhim.   A.at   B.in   C.on   D.by   15.Shehasanpencilinonehand,apenin________.   A.others   B.another   C.theother   D.theothers                  第16讲:考前指导  中考在一天天的接近,现在大家肯定非常紧张。面对这一大堆问题,该如何充分利用这几天  有限的时间来达到复习的最佳效果呢?不要着急,不要着急,稳下心来,Doitstepbystep,中考就会志在必得。  考前主要思路:目前中考英语的趋向是向考察语言实际应用的方向转化,对语法的考察则趋  向于基本、基础的知识考察。同时将对语法的考察与语言情景向结合。所以:记住该记的关键、废话少说!考什么记什么。时间宝贵呀!一谈到考前复习,很多人便想到抓"考点"、"要点"。实际上,最关键的是抓住"知识点",找出"重点"和"难点",才能举一反三,触类旁通。    忠告:  音标部分:在平时学习时所掌握的知识的基础上,复习一遍音标规则,复习过程中结合自己所学单词进行验证,可加深印象和理解程度。同时总结容易混淆的音标及不符合音标规则的特殊读音词。  介词的用法一直是考试的重点,原因是在英语里,介词往往能起到汉语里动词的作用,而且很多时候用法的区分很细致。复习时认真总结一下,还是有用的。  因汉语里没有冠词一说,冠词的用法一直是个难点。a,an用法还好区分些,只要知道其后面所跟的词的发音就可轻易判断。the则难一些,但只要知道用the则必特指,大多数题也就迎刃而解了。当然还有不用冠词的时候。  句中单复数的对应关系,其中包括名词、代词的单复数形式,并不是很难理解,考试时细心一些就可以了。肯定句、疑问句的相互变换时,更要特别注意到这一点。  动词词组的含义、用法,要是没有掌握得很好,则针对每一词组的不同用法记忆一组例句,到时候套用可保万无一失。  初二、初三的英语中有了时态、句中词序的变化,复习时多加对比,考时跟着感觉走。  初中英语的阅读理解部分,并不涉及词语的隐讳含义或双关等。因此只要阅读速度不是很慢,平时所积累的词汇量够用就行。万一你的速度赶不上去,考试可先读题,后读文章,读时抓住与问题相关的内容点就行。练习:嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 1."Wouldyoumindlendingmeyourradio?"    "______".   A.Yes,hereyouare.   B.Certainlynot.Hereyouare.   C.No,myradioisbad   D.No,thanks.   2.Ifyoudon"tknowhowtoreadaword,you"dbetter______inadictionary.   A.lookupit   B.tolookupit   C.lookitup   D.tolookitup   3.There_____alotofriceinthebag.   A.are   B.has   C.have   D.is   4.Theradioistoonoisy,wouldyouplease_______alittle?   A.turnitdown   B.turniton   C.stopitfrom   D.pickitup   5.Beijingwill_______beautifulflowerswhenNationalDaycomes.   A.cover   B.coverwith   C.becovered   D.becoveredwith   6.Johnknows_______acomputer.   A.howtouse   B.howuse   C.howuses   D.whatuse   7.TheEnglishfor10,440is________.   A.tenthousand,fourhundredsandforty   B.tenthousand,fourhundredandforty   C.tenthousand,fourhundredforty   D.tenthousandandfour,forty嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    8.Isaw_______playinginthestreetatthattime.   A.them   B.they   C.their   D.theirs   9.Thereis_________intheworldifyouputyourheartintoit.   A.somethingdifficult   B.difficultsomething   C.nothingdifficult   D.difficultnothing   10.______allthestudentsinhisclass,XiaoMingwrites_______.   A.Of,mostcarefully   B.In,themostcareful   C.Of,verycarefully   D.In,muchmorecarefully                    实践:1.Ihavefourfriends.BothTomandPeter________fromtheUSA,    butneitherTomnorPeter________westernfood.   A.is,likes   B.are,likes   C.is,like   D.are,like   2.TheNileisthelongestriverintheworld.Itis_______kilometreslong.   A.sixthousandssixhundredandseventy   B.sixthousandandsixhundredseventy   C.sixthousandssixhundredsseventy   D.sixthousandsixhundredandseventy   3.________myauntcomestostaywithusfor_______inourhometown.   A.Sometime,sometimes   B.Sometimes,sometime   C.Sometime,sometimes   D.Sometime,sometime   4.UncleWangwantedmetowaterthetrees.________.   A.Sodidus   B.Sowedid   C.SowasI嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    D.SoIdid   5.Nobodycangointothecinema_______aticket.   A.with   B.except   C.and   D.without   6.________isthemostpopularfootballplayerinyourcountry?   A.Whodoyouthink   B.Doyouthinkwho   C.Doyouthinkwhom   D.Whomdoyouthink   7._______hardandyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.   A.Towork   B.Work   C.Ifyouwork   D.Working   8.Thedresscost________moneythatshecouldn"taffordtobuyit.   A.toomuch   B.somuch   C.somany   D.quitemuch   9.A:Youareverybeautifulinthenewskirt.    B:_______.   A.It"stoogood   B.I"msorrytohearthat   C.That"sgreat   D.It"squitegood   10.Suchathingwillnotbefoundeverywhere.Thatmeans________.   A.suchathingisnowheretobefound   B.suchathingcanbefoundsomewhere,butnoteverywhere   C.youcanneverfindsuchathing   D.suchathingcannotbefoundinanyplaces   11._____isclearthatlearningEnglishwellisnoteasy.   A.This   B.What   C.It   D.That嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页    12.Hesaid________hewasateacher________hetaughtEnglish.   A.whether,that   B.that,thatand   C.,andthat   D.whether,butthat   13.Weshouldopenourmouth_____learnEnglishwell.   A.fororderto   B.inorderto   C.inorderthat   D.inorderfor   14.It"sagreatshameforme_______infrontofsomanypeople.   A.tolaughat   B.tolaughingat   C.tobelaughedat   D.tohavelaughedat   15.Theboys______basketballontheplaygroundaremyclassmates.   A.play   B.played   C.toplay   D.playing                 第18讲:模拟考场单项选择      I. 选出划线部分读音相异的词 1.A.mindB.dinnerC.bridgeD.happily 2.A.lotB.strongC.doctorD.front 3.A.parkB.startC.largeD.quarter 4.A.bornB.shortC.worldD.north 5.A.footB.moonC.cookD.stood 6.A.southB.thinC.eighthD.either II.选择填空嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  7.LinTaois_______Class2,Grade3. A.ofB.onC.inD.at 8.Mysister________herhomeworkeveryevening. A.doB.didC.doesD.doing 9.Carsandbuses_______stopwhenthetrafficlightsturnred. A.canB.mustC.mayD.need 10.---I"msorrytotroubleyou,MissGao.  ---______. A.Thesametoyou.B.Fine,thanks.C.That"sallrightD.Itdoesn"tmatter 11.YoumaycallRobertThomasBrown. A.Mr.RobertB.Mr.ThomasC.Mr.Brown.D.Mr.RobertThomas 12.Theneweveningdress_______her300yuan. A.spentB.tookC.payD.cost 13.Jim______atthisschool____twoyearsago. A.hasbeen...forB.hasbeen...sinceC.havebeen...sinceD.havebeen...for 14.Please____theradio.It"stooloud. A.turnoffturnonC.turndownD.turnup 15.Mr.Blackcouldn"tbuy___manythings. A.heB.hisC.himselfD.himselves 16.Couldyoutellme___thecomputer? A.howtouseB.tohowuseC.howuseD.howuseto 17.You"dbetter___lateforthemeeting. A.nottoB.notbeC.nottobeD.not 18.Brucestudies___Dick. A.sohardasB.asharderasC.ashardasD.ashardyas 19.Myparents___teachersofmaths. A.allareB.areallC.bothareD.areboth 20.----CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith,please? ----___.He"sgonetothepostoffice. A.IthinksoB.CertainlyyoucanC.I"mafraidnotD.I"mnotsure嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  21.Theshopis____onweekdays.Butit"s____onweekends(周末). A.toopen...closedB.opens...closedC.open...closedD.opened...close 22.Mybrotheraskedme___kite___. A.who...thiswasB.whose...thiswasC.whose...wasthisD.who...wasthis 23.---___doyouwritetoyourmother?  --Onceamonth. A.HowsoonB.HowlongC.HowoftenD.Whattime 24.Who"sgoingto___careofthegardenwhileyouareaway? A.haveB.giveC.takeD.look 25.TherearetwoChineseclassesonFriday,___? A.isthereB.aren"tthereC.arethereD.isn"tthere 26.---Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?  ---_______. A.Notatall.B.No,Iwouldn"tC.No,thanksD.Yes,Ilikeit 27.Doyouenjoy____popularmusic? A.tolistentoB.listeningtoC.tohearD.hearing 28.Beforeyoudecidetobuyanewcoat,youmay___. A.tryitinB.tryinitC.tryonitD.tryiton 29.Peopleplanttreestostopthesand__towardstherichfarmland. A.tomoveB.tomovingC.frommoveD.frommoving 30.Thisjacket___cotton. A.makesofB.aremakeinC.ismadeofD.madein 31.Theworkwas___difficult___ittookusquitealongtimetodoit. A.such...thatB.so...thatC.too...thatD.too...to完型填空  AttheentrancetoabigofficeinLondontherewasabook.Allworkershadtowrite(1)when  they(2)eachmorning.Atnineo"clock,themanager(经理)hadtodrawaredline(线)(3)  thelastnameinthebook,andanyonewhocameafterthathadtowritewhyhewas(4).When  therewasathick(5)inthecity,thefirstpersontoarrivelateusually(6)"Delayed(耽搁)by  fog"undertheredlineinthebook,andtheneverybody(7)whocameafterthetjustwrote"The  same".Butonefoggymorning,the(8)mantoarrivelatewrote"Mywifehadababyearlythis嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页   morning"insteadof(代替)"Delayedbyfog"undertheredlineinthebook.Twenty(9)thirty  peoplewhocameafterwrote"(10)"asusual.1.A.numbers B.times C.names  D.excuses2.A.arrivedB.left C.gotup D.met3.A.on B.beside C.aboveD.under 4.A.out B.late  C.away D.sorry5.A.rainB.fog C.snowD.traffic6.A.foundB.understoodC.saidD.wrote7.A.elseB.onlyC.or D.here8.A.last B.first C.old  D.young9.A.withB.of C.or D.but10.A.NoB.YesC.OKD.ThesamePassage1  WhenMartinwasalittleboy,helivedinthelittletown---Holthan.Atthattime,hethoughtthetownwasverybig.Well,Martincamebacktothetownlastnight,"It"sasmalltown!"hethought.  Thetownhaschangedverylittleinthepastfortyyears.ButMartinhaschangedalot.Hehasgrownintoaman.Histhought(思维)areman"sthoughts.Heseesthingsthroughaman"seyes.Martinstayedinthetownforfivehours.Hewalkedfromstreettostreet,butheknewnobody.WasHolthan,then,atownofstrangers(陌生人)?No.Hesuddenlyunderstooditall.Onlyhewasastrangerofthetown. 根据短文内容,选择正确答案 1.Holthanwas___. A.asmallvillage B.asmalltown C.abigcountry D.abigtown 2.Martinleftthetown___. A.whenhewasforty B.fouryearsago C.whenhewasthirty D.fortyyearsago 3.NowMartinseesthingsthrough___eyes. A.aman"s B.aboy"嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  C.achild"s D.astranger"s 4.Martin___duringhisfivehoursstayinthetown. A.sawnobody B.sawalotofthings C.metnofriends D.didn"twanttoseehisfriends 5.Whichofthefollowingistrue? A.Martinstayedinthetownortwohours. B.Martinwasnotastrangerinthetown. C.Thetownhaschangedalot. D.Aman"sthoughtsandachild"sthoughtsaredifferent.                                        Passage2  Manyplacesintheworldneedmorefresh(淡的)water.Everycountryistryingtofindwaystoturnsaltwaterintofresh.Whyaren"ttheremanyfactorresliketheSymifactory?Insomeplaces,thesunisnothotenough.Oritdoesnotshineeveryday.Insuchplaces,otherwaysofheating(加热)﹕seawatercanbeused.Thesewayscostmoremoney,buttehyworkfasterthenthesun.Byboiling(煮沸);seawaterwithhighheat,alotoffreshwatercanbemadequickly.Butheatingisnottheonlywaytogetfreshwaterfromsaltwater.otherwaysaretried.Onewayisfreezing(冷冻).Thefreshpartofsaltwaterfreezesfirst.Togetfreshwater,thebitsoficearetakenout.Whichwayisbest?Theonethatgivesthenostwaterfortheleastmoney.Itmaybeadifferentwayforeachplace.Symi"swayseemsverygoodforsmall,hotplaces.Itdoesnotmakeverymuchwateratatime.Butthefactoryiseasytobuildandcostslittle.ThatiswhypeopleinmanydryplacestalkaboutSymi! 1.Fromthispassage(短文)weknowthatfreshwater_______. A.isneededineverycountry B.canbefoundinmanyfactories C.canbeusedinmanyways D.isveryimportantforfactories 2.Whatisthewritermainly(主要的)talkingaboutinthepassage? A.Water-makingfactoriesindifferentcountries B.Thewaysofmakingfreshwaterfromseawater C.Hotplacesanddryplaces D.Howtomakegooduseofthesun嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页  3.TheSymifactory_______. A.seemsgoodbuttoosmall B.isafreshwater-makingfactory C.canmakemuchfreshwateratatime D.doesnotneedsunshineeveryday 4.Whichisthebestwayforsmallandhotplacestogetfreshwater? A.Boilingorheatingtheseawater B.Thewayinhotteranddrierplaces C.TheSymi"sway D.Freezingtheseawaterincoldplaces. 5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue? A.Newwaysaretriedtogetfreshwater. B.Alotoffreshwatercanbemadequicklybyheating. C.Thebestwayistogetmorefreshwaterwiththeleastmoney. D.TheSymi"swaydoesnotworkindryplaces.                                       第17讲Therebe句型与中考试题Therebe句型的基本用法是表示“某地(或某时)有某人(或某物)”,其形式为“Therebe+代词或名词(短语)+地点/时间状语”。这里there是引导词,没有词义,be是谓语动词,代词或名词(短语)是主语。be要与主语保持人称和数的一致。否定句是在be后加not;一般疑问句是将be放在句首;反意疑问句中的简短问句是由“be(或其否定式)+there”构成。例如:1.Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.(紧挨着be动词的主语是adesk,是单数,故be的形式要用is)2.Therearen"ttwochairsandadeskintheroom.(否定句)3.Isthereanythingwrongwithyourears?(Yes,thereis./No,thereisn"t.)4.Therewasn"tameetingyesterday,wasthere?(反意疑问句)除此之外,还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“Therebe+sb.+doingsth.+地点/时间状语”。例如:Thereareseveralchildrenswimmingintheriver.河里有几个孩子在游泳。Therebe结构中常见的时态有如下几种情况:通过上表可知:各种时态的变化是通过be动词的变化来体现的。至于你提到的两个句子我们先不考虑对错,首要的问题是弄清楚Therebe与have所表示的意义。Therebe句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如,要说“明天有一个班会。”(1)Therewillhaveaclassmeetingtomorrow.(×)(2)Thereisgoingto/willbeaclassmeetingtomorrow.(√)有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时两种都可以用。例如:ClassThreehaveamapofChinaonthewall.(“地图”为三班学生所有)ThereisamapofChinaonthewallinClassThree.(“地图”存在于三班)由此看来,Therewillhave是错误的。复习Therebe句型时除了掌握基础知识外,还应注意以下问题:1.Therebe句型的考查更多的是将be动词与主语结合在一起进行的,即主谓的一致性。例如:(1)Thereis_____onthefloor.嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 (2)Thereare_____onthefloor.选项:A.catB.waterC.boxesD.football解析:(1)由is可知主语应是可数名词单数或不可数名词,而A、D项中都缺少冠词a,故选B,同理可知(2)应选C。2.如果作主语的是一个短语,则常常考查短语中的修饰语。可数名词的复数形式前可以用any,some,few,afew,many或用数词+hundred/thousand/million,hundreds/thousands/millionsof,no等修饰;不可数名词可以受any,some,no,little,alittle,much等词的修饰。例如:(1)Therewere_____studentsinourschool.A.hundredsB.eighthundredC.eighthundredsof(2)Thereis_____water.Youneedn"tgetsomemore.A.fewB.littleC.much解析:(1)由数词与名词的搭配关系可知选B,(2)由water可知排除A项,再由后一句意思便知选C。3.注意不定代词的用法。(1)不定代词在句中作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Thereisnothinginthefridge.(2)不定代词受形容词修饰时要放在形容词的前面。例如:Thereissomethinginterestingintoday"snewspaper.4.Therebe句型的反意疑问句,要注意陈述部分的形式。如果陈述部分含有little,few,no,nobody,none等否定词时,后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如:Thereisnobodyintheroom,isthere?但有的含有否定意义的形容词修饰不定代词时则仍看作肯定句式。例如:Thereissomethingunusualintheroom,isn"tthere?5.要注意句子前后意思的一致性。有的句子单独看其意义时,可能不止一个选项适合于它,但如果联系上下句的意思则只能有一个恰当的选项。例如:(1)Thereis_____food.Youneedn"tbuyany.(2)Thereis_____food.Youhavetobuysome.(A.anyB.someC.no)从这两题中的第一个句子来看均可选用some和no,但与后面的句意结合看,答案则是唯一的:(1)B,(2)C。Therebe句型命题趋向有两个方面:一是进一步加强对知识的理解与运用方面的考查。例如be动词与主语的一致性、名词或代词的修饰语、搭配关系、含否定词的反意疑问句等。二是有可能出现“有某人在做某事”这一句型,即“Therebe+sb.+doingsth.+地点/时间状语”。下面是一些英语中考试题原题:1.Thereare_____daysinaweek.A.thesevenB.seventhC.theseventhD.seven2.Therearefew_____inthefridge.Let"sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.fruitC.meatD.eggs3.Look!Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.boxesD.girl嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 4.Thereweretwo_____peopleatyesterday"smeeting.A.hundredsB.hundredsofC.hundred5.Theletterfrommyunclewasshort.Therewasn"t_____news.A.manyB.afewC.muchD.few6.—Oh,thereisn"tenough_____forusinthelift.—Itdoesn"tmatter,let"swaitforthenext.A.groundB.floorC.placeD.room7.There_____anEnglishEveningnextTuesday.A.wasB.willbeC.willhaveD.aregoingtobe8.There_____afootballgameinourschool.A.hasB.willhaveC.willbe9.Thereisgoingto_____areport_____Chinesehistoryinourschoolthisevening.A.have;onB.be;onC.have;forD.be;of10.Thereis_____foodhere.We"llhavetobuysome.A.anyB.someC.no嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 11.Thereis_____inthebag.It"sempty.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.somebody12.Thereis_____knockingatthedoor.Goandseewhoitis.A.nobodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.everybody13.—Isthere_____wrongwithme,doctor?—I"mafraidso.Yourheartisbeatingabittooslow.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing14.Thereis_____interestingonthischannel.Tryothers.A.nothingB.noneC.anythingD.no15.Thereis_____interestinginthefilm,so_____isinterestedinit.A.something;nobodyB.nothing;somebodyC.anything;anybodyD.nothing;nobody16.Thereis_____intoday"snewspaper.A.nothingnewB.anythingnew嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 C.newanythingD.newsomething17.Thereis_____intoday"snewspaper.A.newanythingB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.somethingnew18.Therewillbeavolleyballmatchinourschool,_____?A.bethereB.isthereC.willthereD.won"tthere19.Thereislittlewaterinthebottle.(改为反意疑问句)Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,__________?20.Thereissomethingunusualontheisland.(改为反意疑问句)Thereissomethingunusualontheisland,__________?Key:●Therebe句型与中考试题1—5DACCC6—10DBCBC11—15ABBAD16—18ADD19.isthere20.isn"tthere嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 第18讲被动语态复习ABCA.熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.一般过去时:was/were+p.p.一般将来时:shall/willbe+p.p.现在完成时:have/hasbeen+p.p.现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.过去将来时:should/wouldbe+p.p.含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople.A.speakB.isspeakingC.speaksD.isspoken(选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态)②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool.A.weretoldB.istellingC.wastoldD.tells(选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态)嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 ③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have(选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态)B.明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况:1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;2.强调动作的承受者。例如:这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree____________bythatboy.(填wasbroken)C.熟练转换1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce.Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce.(同义句)嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 (填mustbethrownaway)②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?(改为被动语态)Where______vegetables______?(填were;grown)D.注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:①Hetoldusastory.(变被动语态)→Weweretoldastory(byhim).或:Astorywastoldtousbyhim.②Hermothergaveheranewpen.(变被动语态)Anewpen__________________herbyhermother.(填wasgivento)2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:①Thisdictionarymustn"t______fromthelibrary.A.takeawayB.takenawayC.aretakenawayD.betakenaway[D]②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.(变被动语态)嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 Thechildrenwill______________________________(byher).(填betakengoodcareof)3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。例如:SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(变被动语态)He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday.(填wasseento)4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。例如:Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built[C]5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。例如:Whohasbrokenthecup?(改为被动语态)→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken?E.注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:Thewindowisbroken.窗子破了。(系表结构)Thewindowisbrokenbyhim.窗子被他打破了。(被动语态)嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰。试比较:Hewasveryinterestedinscience.他对科学有极大兴趣。(系表结构)IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn"tknowwhattodo.我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊,不知所措。(被动语态)F.牢记(相关)句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:1.becoveredwith被……覆盖2.bemadeof由……制作(发生物理变化)bemadefrom由……制作(发生化学变化)bemadein由(某地)制造bemadeby被(某人)制造3.beusedfor被用来……beusedas被当作(作为)……来使用beusedtodosth.被用来做某事4.Itissaidthat...据说……Itishopedthat...希望……Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……例如:①—Yourcoatlooksnice.Isit______cotton?—Yes.It"sShanghai.A.madeof;madebyB.madeof;madeinC.madefor;madeby嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页 D.madefor;madein[B]②Thismachineisused______theroomwet.A.forkeepingB.askeepingC.keepD.tokeeping[A]③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing.(填Itissaid;anotherbridge;built)嘉兴英语网收集整理第79页共79页