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2019年高考英语语法必考考点(13):名词性从句含解析李仕才【考点解读】一、名词性从句的种类名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。二、引导名词性从句的连接词1.连接代词:who,whose,whom,what,which有词义,在从句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenwewillleave.Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.2.连接副词:when,where,why,how有词义,在从句中担任成分,作状语。Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.Scientistsstudyhowhumanbrainsworktomakecomputers.(2012·四川高考)3.连接词:whether,if,asif,if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用;that无词义,在从句中也不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,有时可省略。Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutthismatter.Thequestionwhetherweneedmoretimetodotheworkhasn’tbeendiscussed.三、that,what引导的名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句时,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”或“……的”,在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。Whatwasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.(主语从句;what作主语)
Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistofwhatmykidswillneedforthecomingseason.(宾语从句;what作宾语)Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknowwhatittakestostartabusinesshere.(宾语从句;what作宾语)Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobe.(表语从句;what作表语)Itneveroccurredtomethatyoucouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.(主语从句)Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisthatshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.(表语从句)【点睛】 (1)that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,常见句型有:①it+be+形容词(如:obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,evident,clear,apparent等)+that从句。Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek?②it+be+名词(如:nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise等)+that从句。It’sagreatpitythatit’sprobablythelasttimethiswillhappen.③it+be+过去分词(如:said,reported,thought,estimated,expected,decided,announced,arranged,recognized等)+that从句。Itisknowntoallthatphysicalexercisescanimproveourphysicalandmentalhealth.类似句型还有:Itcannotbedeniedthat.../Itmustbeadmittedthat...④it+动词(如:seem,appear,happen,occurtosb.,doesn’tmatter,makenodifference等)+that从句。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(2)that引导主语从句,置于句首时,that不能省略。Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.(3)that引导宾语从句,常可省略。可接that从句作宾语的动词有:see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,besure,be
afraid等。可以接复合宾语的动词有:think,make,consider,find,feel,suppose等,在他们之后,可以用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语that从句后置。此时that不可省略。Doyouknow(that)hehasjoinedthearmy?Weconsideritnecessarythatheshouldimprovehispronunciation.(4)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,除第一个从句的that外,都不可省略。Hetoldme(that)thepowerwouldbecutoffandthatIshouldgetready.(5)引导表语从句:that引导表语从句,不可省略。Mydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o’clocktomorrow.四、连接词whether/if(是否)的用法两者都可引导宾语从句,常可互换使用。但以下情况不能互换:1.宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether。Iwonderifitdoesn’train.2.用if会引起误解,就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if,可作条件状语从句,因而产生歧义。)3.宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if。Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.4.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用,也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句。Whetheryoucanmakeprogressinyourstudydependsonwhetheryoutryyourbest.Idon’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.Whetheryoulikethatgifthegaveyou,youshouldexpressyourgratitude.5.在句首引导主语从句时只能用whether。doubt用于肯定句时,其后的宾语从句用whether或if引导;doubt用于否定句时,其后的从句用that引导。Whethertheywillagreewiththeplanisnotclear.Idoubtwhether/ifyouhavetoldmethetruth.Idon’tdoubtthatyouaretherightpersonforthejob.五、whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,however的用法
它们的作用等同于who,what,which,where,when,how,但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时,不能用nomatter+who/what...代替。1.引导主语从句。Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.2.引导宾语从句,充当直接宾语。I’llgiveyouhowevermuchmoneyyouneed.3.引导宾语从句,充当间接宾语。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpahand.4.引导介词的宾语从句。Youcanwriteaboutwhatevertopicyouprefer.5.引导宾语从句,充当宾语补足语。We’llmakehimwhateverheisfitfor.六、主要考点及突破技巧主语从句:1.主要考点:1)that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型:①It+be+形容词+that从句②It+be+名词(短语)+that从句③It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句④It+特殊动词(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that从句2)what与that在引导主语从句时的区别:what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that引导从句,不充当成分。e.g.Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(what引导主语从句,作said的宾语)ThatEnglishisimportantisanundoubtedfact.(that引导主语从句,不作任何成分,但不可省略)3)主语从句若含有“是否”意义,其引导词只能用whether,不能用if。e.g.Whetherhewillbeabletocometomorrowremainsaquestion.2.突破技巧:1)掌握形式主语的句式及变化,根据句意选取合适连接词,除that在句子中没有意义,但不能省略外,其他连接词均在句中有意义。2)what,that,which,whether连接主语从句的区别。宾语从句:
1.主要考点:1)动词find,feel,think,consider,take(认为),make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后面有宾语补足语时,且宾语是从句时,需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。2)宾语从句的语序为陈述语序;主句谓语动词用一般现在时,从句谓语动词可以用各种时态;主句谓语动词用一般过去时,从句需用过去的相应时态,但从句若表示客观真理、规律,用一般现在时。e.g.Hesaidthathehadbeentothespacestation.3)由whether或if引导的宾语从句,要保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”讲时,一般可以换用,但在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if。①引导的从句作介词宾语时。e.g.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.②从句中有or或whetherornot连用时。e.g.Iwonderwhetherornothewillcome.TellmewhetherornotIshouldinviteNick.③后接动词不定式时。e.g.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?2.突破技巧:1)把握句意,选取合适的连接词、时态、语序;2)注意whether与if的互换和区别。表语从句:1.考查内容:1)表语从句常跟在这些系动词后,如be,look,remain,seem等。e.g.ThatisjustwhatIwant.2)除常用的连接代词、副词外,asif/though,because,why等也可以引导宾语从句。e.g.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.3)引导表语从句的that不能省略;if不能用于引导表语从句。e.g.Thereasonisthathegotuplate.2.突破技巧:
1)理解句意,把握语境,扣准连接词在句中的含义;2)掌握系动词后的表语从句辨析that,because,if,whether。同位语从句:1.考查内容:1)同位语从句中的名词:在复合句中,同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容,同位语从句通常由that引导(that不能省略)。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,problem,promise,question,request,suggestion,truth,wish,word等。e.g.ThenewsthattheShenzhou-Xspaceshipsetoffsuccessfullyisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词that充当主语或宾语,有实际意义,作宾语时,可省略。同位语从句中的that是连词,不充当句子成分,没有任何意义,但不可省略。e.g.Thenews(that)weheardontheradiowasnottrue.(定语从句)Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwasencouraging.(同位语从句)2.突破技巧:1)熟记同位语从句的常用名词;2)分析句子成分,防止句式变化;3)采取“意义法”区别同位语从句与定语从句。【真题分析】一、单项选择1.(2018·天津卷)Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto___________winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.A.whomeverB.whereverC.whoeverD.whatever【答案】C
2.(2018·江苏卷)Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_______wearrived.A.whereB.whenC.whyD.how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:乘船是到达这里唯一的途径,这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知,后面为表语从句,这里用连接副词how引导表语从句,充当方式状语,表示“如何”。故选D。3.(2018·北京卷)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe_________wearenow.A.howB.whenC.whereD.why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式,when表时间,where表地点,why表原因。“_________wearenow”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。4.(2018·北京卷)Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.A.howB.whichC.thatD.what【答案】D5.(2017·北京)Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。A.whatever任何事B.whoever任何人C.whomever任何人D.whichever无论哪个。句意:每年,任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句,缺少主语,用连接代词,根据意思可知是人获奖,故排除AD,因为需要倣主语,只能用主格代词who,故选B。
6.(2017·北京)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.howD.when【答案】B试题分析:A.why为什么B.where在哪C.how如何D.when什么时候。句意:Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上,不知道她将去往何方,根据语境可知此处是表地点的,很容易就可选出答案B。考点:考查连词。7.(2017·江苏)Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_______itusedtocharge.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。“halfofusedtocharge”是$20的同位语,即原来价格的一半是现在的$20;另外,of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以,这里是宾语从句;宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语,所以用what来引导宾语从句,并充当宾语从句中的宾语,故选C。句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元,这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。8.(2017·天津)Sheaskedme_______Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.what【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候;B.在哪里;C是否;D.什么。根据句意,故选C9.(2016·北京)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.________youcandohelps.A.HoweverB.WhoeverC.WhateverD.Wherever【答案】C
10.(2016·江苏)Itisoftenthecase______anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句,连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分,只是一个引导词而已,不能省略。连接副词why要在句中做状语,连接代词what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等;as通常不引导名词性从句。句意:对于那些心存希望的人,一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。二、单句填空1.(2018·新课标III卷)I"mnotsure____61____ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.【答案】which【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:不确定哪一个更害怕,是我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句,空格处表示选择,所以用which表示“哪一个”。2.(2015·新课标II卷)Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly70.________thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.【答案】how【解析】根据空格后面的thick是一个形容词,因此填how,引导宾语从句,作figuredout的宾语。3.(2015·高考安徽卷改编)Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snot____________shipsarebuiltfor.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但这并非是建造船的目的。that’s后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,故填what。4.(2015·高考北京卷改编)Itrulybelieve____________beautycomesfromwithin.【答案】that
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:我很相信美丽源自于内心!本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分,故填that。5.(2015·高考福建卷改编)—Iwonder____________Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.【答案】how6.(2015·高考湖南卷改编)Youhavetoknow________you’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.【答案】where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:如果你要计划去那里的最佳方案你必须知道你将要去哪里。根据分析可知:Youhavetoknow...后面是一个宾语从句。根据句意可知,此处应填where引导宾语从句,where在从句中作地点状语。7.(2015·高考江苏卷改编)____________LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.【答案】Where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知,但有些人还不认可。分析句子结构可知,有些人对李白的出生地存在质疑,故填where引导主语从句。8.(2015·高考湖北卷改编)____________shesayswillnotmakeanydifferencetoourarrangements.【答案】Whatever【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:不管她说什么,对我们的安排都没什么影响。Whatever引导主语从句,在从句中作says的宾语。9.(2015·高考浙江卷改编)Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate____________isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.【答案】what
10.(2015·高考重庆卷改编)Wemustfindout________Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.【答案】when【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:我们必须查明卡尔什么时候会来,这样我们就能为他预订房间了。预订房间当然与卡尔来的时间息息相关,因此填when。三、单句改错(并列连词)1.(2018·新课标I卷)Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturneverytwoyears,butheagreed.【答案】but→and【解析】考查并列连词。我计划每两年回来一次,他同意了。此处是并列关系,故将but改成and。2.(2018·)Everyonewassilent,waitingtoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.【答案】and→or【解析】考查并列连词。句意:每个人都沉默了,等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人,男女两者是选择关系,故把and改为or。3.(2017·新课标I卷)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor"sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.【答案】so→but或yet【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练说的话,结果一发动车,脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系,故将so改为but或yet。4.(2017·新课标III卷)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.【答案】and→but【解析】考查并列连词。notonly…butalso为固定搭配,意为“不但……而且”。5.(2016·新课标I卷)Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.
【答案】去掉but6.(2016·新课标I卷)Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusedforcooking.【答案】or→and【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系,故把or改为and。7.(2016·新课标II卷)Ifwestayathome,itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney.【答案】but→and【解析】考查并列连词。句意:如果我们待在家里,很舒服也没有必要花钱。上下文之间是并列关系,而不是转折关系,所以使用and连接上下文。8.(2016·四川卷)Momhasafull-timejob,soshehastodomostofthehousework.【答案】so→but【解析】考查并列连词。句意:妈妈有一份全职工作,但还是不得不做大部分家务。前后两句为转折关系,故要将so改为but。9.(2015·四川卷)Idon’tliketogoanymore,soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.【答案】so→but【解析】考查并列连词。句意:我再也不想去了,可是又怕失去他们的友谊。前后两句应该是转折关系才符合逻辑,故将so改为but。10.(2015·新课标I卷)Theretheairiscleanorthemountainsaregreen.【答案】or→and【解析】考查并列连词。句意:那里山绿并且空气新鲜。连词用法错误。前后句为递进关系,故用连词and。
【对点测试】一、单项选择1.(2018·天津市一中)Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,andallthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.A.whyB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。连接词that引导第二个宾语从句,不具有任何意义,但一般不能省略。2.(2018·江苏扬州中学)---I’msorry.IthinkIamnotfitforthejob.Idon’thandlepressuretoowell.---Oh,Ican’tbelieveit.Youknow,that’snottheimpressionIhaveofyouatall.That’s_________I’ddescribemyself.A.whatB.whyC.whichD.how【答案】D3.(2018·江苏无锡市一中)Introverts(性格内向的人),accordingtoSusanCain,tendtoenjoybeingalone,doingquieterthingsorbeingwithjustonefriendatatime.Shesaysthatis_____theygettheirenergy.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where【答案】C【解析】考查表语从句。句意:性格内向的人,根据SusanCain,常常喜欢自己呆着、安静做事或者一次只和一个朋友在一起。她说,这是内向性格的人获得能量的方式。why“为什么”;when“……的时候”;how“如何”引导表语从句,表示方式;where“……的地方”。根据语境,故选C。4.(2018·江苏无锡市一中)Todaywefocuson_____iscalledrecurrentobesity(复发性肥胖)oryo-yoobesity(溜溜球式肥胖),_____isthephenomenon_____wegainweightandthengoonasuccessfuldiet,butwithin12monthswegobacktoour
originalweight.A.what;which;inwhichB.which;which;whereC.all;that;thatD.whatever;as;which【答案】A【解析】考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意:今天,我们集中在被称为复发性肥胖或溜溜球式肥胖目标上。这是一种现象,一个人在体重增加后通过节食成功减重,但是在12个月以内又恢复到原有的体重。“_____iscalledrecurrentobesity(复发性肥胖)oryo-yoobesity(溜溜球式肥胖)”是宾语从句,从句中缺乏主语,what引导宾语从句,从句中作主语、宾语或者表语,故第一空填what;第二空which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代这个主句,从句中作主语;“___wegainweightandthengoonasuccessfuldiet”是定语从句,先行词是thephenomenon,从句中作抽象地点状语,引导词用关系副词where或者inwhich。故选A。5.(2018·天津市一中)Jennyaskedme_____Ihadreturnedthebiketoitsowner,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.what【答案】C6.(2018·江苏南京师大附中)AccordingtoTheSun,Britishscientistshavesolvedtheancientriddleof________camefirst—chickenoregg?A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:据《太阳报》报道,英国科学家日前解开了“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的古老谜团。表示“哪一个”用which,在宾语从句中做主语,故选C.7.(2018·江苏启东中学)________workandcreativeactivitieshavebeenimportantdriversofhumanprogressisdeeplyrootedinoursocialvalues.A.HowB.WhetherC.ThatD.Why【答案】C
【解析】考查主语从句。句意:工作和创造性活动是人类进步的重要驱动者,这深深地植根于我们的社会价值观中。“________workandcreativeactivitieshavebeenimportantdriversofhumanprogress”作主语,是主语从句,该从句结构意思完整,故应用that引导该从句。故C选项正确。8.(2018·江苏常熟中学)WorldAIDSDayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway,andtherearemanythingsstilltobedone.A.whichB.whatC.thatD./【答案】C9.(2018·北京市人大附中)ItshockedtheworldtheUnitedStateswithdrewfromsomemajoragreementsithadbeencommittedto,includingthe2015ParisAgreementonclimatechangemitigationandthe2015IranNuclearDeal.A.whichB.whatC.whetherD.that【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。句意:令世界震惊的是,美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议,包括2015年《巴黎气候变化缓解协定》和2015年伊朗核协议。此处it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,故·D项正确。10.(2018·天津市静海县一中)Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists________theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.A.whatB.beforeC.thatD.though【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句的同位语从句。句意:这些年来地球变得越来越热,这个事情让很多科学家很担忧。that引导同位语从句thattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears解释名词thefact的内容,从句句意完整,成分齐全,That在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,只起引导作用。故选C。二、单句填空
1.(2018·安徽六安市一中)It’spossiblethatonewayoutcouldbeblockedbyfireorsmoke,soyou’llwanttoknow49otheronesare.【答案】where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:你想知道其它的通道在哪里。用连接副词where引导宾语从句,故填where.2.(2018·重庆市9校联盟)RossexpressedconcernspreviouslyraisedbyElonMusk47AIcouldbedangerousifitweretogoevilandturnonhumanity.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句中包含concerns的同位语从句,由that引导,故填that.3.(2018·重庆中学等)Obviously,humansknow45thecausestothechangesare,amongwhichhumanactivityandclimatechangearemainlytoblame…【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:人类知道变化的起因是什么。what引导宾语从从句,其双重作用。4.(2018·重庆市南开中学)48puzzlesusiswhyyouwouldbothertoborrow$5,000?【答案】What5.(2018·贵州凯里一中)42wecelebrateistheendofwinter,arrivalofspring,andreunionwithfamilyandrelatives.【答案】What【解析】考查主语从句。42wecelebrate在句子中作主语,所以42wecelebrate是一个主语从句,引导词在从句中作celebrate宾语,所以填What。6.(2018·哈尔滨师大附中)Whenthesugarcoolsdown,50appearsisapieceofsugarcraft.【答案】what【解析】考查主语从句。句意:当糖冷却之后,看起来就是一张糖画。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,表示“所…的东西”,故此空用what。7.(2018·河北衡水中学)Itwasbelieved50onthisdaythewellwasfullof
dragoneggswhichwouldbringthecollectorsgoodharvest.【答案】that【解析】考查主语从句。句意:人们相信,这一天,井里到处都是龙蛋,这会给捕捉者时带来丰收。分析句子可知,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的onthisdaythewellwasfullofdragoneggswhichwouldbringthecollectorsgoodharvest.句子,分析句子可知,后面的从句中不缺少成分,因此要用that引导句子,故本空填that。8.(2018·石家庄市二中)Butoncloserinspection,thingsarenotquite45theyseem:Gao’srealnameisTerryCrossmanandheisfromtheUnitedStates.【答案】what【解析】句意:但是在进一步的审查中,情况并不是他们看起来的那样。根据句意可知,此处是what引导的表语从句。故答案为what。9.(2018·河南南阳市一中)Heexcitedlypulledhardatit,and47hesawmadehimexclaim,“Wow!Abig,shinygoldchain!”【答案】10.(2018·河南郑州市一中)Theywantedtounderstandwhopaintedthepicturesand45theymightmean.【答案】【解析】本题考查了宾语从句。句意为:他们想知道是谁画了这些画,而它们又代表什么含义。此题是从句引导词判断题,首先判断空格是从句引导词,其次,判断用途,what在从句中作宾语。确定答案what。三、单句改错1.(2018·安徽皖南8校)Itisrequiredwhichallswimmersshouldshowerwithsoapbeforeenteringthepool.【答案】which→that【解析】考查主句从句的连词。分析句子.Itisrequiredwhichallswimmersshouldshower….可知,本句中it是形式主语,真正的主句是whichallswimmersshould
shower….而从句是一完整的句子,不缺少主语或宾语或表语等,这种情况用that引导,在从句中不作成分,故将which改为that.2.(2018·重庆市9校联盟)Asisknowntousthatlifeisnotasmoothjourney,whichisfullofupsanddowns,soneverloseheart.【答案】As→it.【解析】考查it用法。句中isknowntous和后面的that从句相连接是一个句子,不是非限制性定语从句。that从句是真正的主语,it作形式主语。故As—it.3.(2018·哈尔滨师大附中)TheotherdayourclasshaveadiscussionaboutifweshouldwelcometheWebLanguage.【答案】if→whether【解析】考查宾语从句。介词about后接宾语从句,引导词表示“是否”,用whether。故if改为whether。4.(2018·河北衡水中学)Thatmadeitevenworsewasthatourbusbrokeupontheway.【答案】That→What【解析】考查主语从句。此处是主语从句,指使情况更差的事,用what引导,故That改为What。5.(2018·河北衡水中学)ReadingisthatIreallylove,bothforfunandknowledge.【答案】that→what【解析】把that改为what考查名词从句。分析句子.ReadingisthatIreallylove,bothforfunandknowledge可知,thatIreallylove从句中的动词love缺少宾语,缺少宾语要用what,故把that改为what。6.(2018·河北石家庄市二中)Iwasinthekitchenwithmywifeandchildrenwhileweheardaloudnoise.【答案】while→when7.(2018·石家庄市二中)Ibelievehardworkisthatittakestoaccomplishmygoal.【答案】that→what
【解析】考查表语从句。本句中what引导表语从句,并在句中作为动词take的宾语,故that改为what。8.(2018·石家庄市二中)Whichyououghttohaveeverydayarecereal,noodles,rice,fruitandvegetablesratherthanthejunkfood.【答案】Which→What【解析】考查宾语从句。因为动词have之后缺少宾语,所以要使用what在句首引导宾语从句。句意:你应该每天吃麦片粥,面条,米饭,水果和蔬菜,而不是垃圾食品。故将Which改为What。9.(2018·河南南阳市一中)I’mmorethangratefulforthathehasdoneforme.【答案】what【解析】考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句的连词错误。根据语境可知我感激他为我做的一切。for为介词,后为宾语从句,从句缺宾语,所以用what。10.(2018·河南南阳市一中)TherethedoctoraskedJackhowhehadcoughedsometimesforlongtime.【答案】how→if/whether【解析】考查宾语从句。…(Jack)if/whetherhehadcoughedsometimesforalongtime.是一个宾语从句,引导词在从句中不作任何成分,表示“是否”的意思,所以how改成if/whether。四、单句翻译(名词性从句)1.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。【答案】Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.【解析】有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。2.我父亲昨晚做实验是在实验室。【答案】Itwasinthelabthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentyesterdayevening.【解析】it引导的强调句结构:Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其它部分。3.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。【答案】Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.
4.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。【答案】Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.【解析】有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it,这类动词主要是:hate,take,owe,have,seeto等。5.我知道自从2016年以来他都在学英语。【答案】Iknow(that)hehasstudied/hasbeenstudyingEnglishsince2016.【解析】注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。此句从句中用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。