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2019年高考英语语法必考考点2冠词含解析

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2019年高考英语语法必考考点(2):冠词含解析李仕才【考点解读】高考对冠词的考查每年至少有一道题,单项选择一般设两空,以增加覆盖面和难度。考生在冠词试题上失分较多,主要是缺乏语感,对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。高考冠词主要考查其基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。考点一、考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法。(1)用在可数名词前表示“一个”,含义上相当于“one”。如:Thedevelopmentofindustryhasbeenagradualprocessthroughouthumanexistence,fromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.(2)与单数可数名词连用,表示某一类人或事物;亦可泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”。如:Itisgenerallyacceptedthataboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeaman.(3)用在抽象名词或物质名词前,表示“一种,一次,一类”等意义。如:Hehadastrongdislikeforcoldweather.(4)用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”。如:Hemissedthegoldinthehighjump,butwillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.(5)用在专有名词前,相当于“一位,一个,某位,某个”或“……式的人”。如:ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeaPicasso.(6)用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前,表示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。如:TheaccidenthappenedonarainySundaytowardstheendofJuly.  考点二、考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法。(1)用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的人、事物。如:Iwokeupwithabadheadache,yetbytheeveningthepainhadgone. (2)在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:Themoonturnsaroundtheearth.Driversalwayssitontheleftofbuses.(3)在单数名词前,表示某一类别或某项发明。如:Thetigerisadangerousanimal.(4)在由普通名词构成的专有名词前及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。如:WearesaidtobelivingintheInformationAge,atimeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.(5)在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特指“两者中较……的一个”。如:Asisknowntoall,thePeople’sRepublicofChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.(6)在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间的词组中。如:ontheleft,intheeast/west, ontheotherhand,intheend,theotherday等。(7)在形容词前表示一类人或事物。如:thepoor/rich/young/dying/good/unknown等。(8)在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人。如:TheSmithsaresittingatthetable.(9)在表示度量单位的名词前,表示“每一”。如:—It’ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000ayear.—Right,hewillalsogetpaidbytheweek.口诀记忆the的用法:特指熟悉与复述,独一无二全用the。方位乐器名词前,序数形最乐位惯。复数姓氏与专有,习惯用语最后添。  考点三、考查零冠词的用法。  (1)复数名词表泛指时,其前不加冠词。如:TheSmithsdon’tusuallylikestayingathotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbythesea.  (2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格时,其前不用冠词。如:Jack’sEnglishbookislyingonhisdesk.(3)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名等的名词前,通常不用冠词。如:Sarahlookedatthefinishedpaintingwithsatisfaction. (4)表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词前,以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方式等的名词前,通常不用冠词。如:We’regoingtowatchamatchonSunday.(5)表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等时,其前不用冠词。如:SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotakeplaceofGeorge.  考点四、考查冠词的固定搭配  1.不定冠词用于短语搭配中。(1)“have/take+a(n)+与动词同形的名词”,表示动作的一次。have/takearest休息一会儿have/takealook看一下have/takeabath洗个澡(2)“gooutfora(n)+名词”,表示从事某项活动。gooutforanouting去郊游gooutforapicnic去野餐(3)用在某些固定词组中。asamatteroffact;inahurry;inaword;awasteof;inaway;cometoanend;allofasudden;havea(n)...knowledgeof;havea(n)...understanding/grasp/feelingof,gooutforawalk,haveagoodtime,makeadifference,makealiving,haveanideaof,haveagoodknowledgeof等。如:Idon’tunderstandwhattheengineermeans,butI’vegotaroughideaoftheprojectplan.(7)2.定冠词用于固定搭配。inthemorning;ontheotherhand;onthecontrary;ontheair;intheend;come tothepoint;theABCof...3.在一些固定短语中,名词前不用冠词。atnight;athome;dayafterday;bytelephone;indanger;onpurpose;outofcontrol;under+n.;behometo,atdawn,onsecondthoughts,cometolight,cometopower,givebirthto,outofcontrol,inpublic,aheadoftime,indebt,handinhand,inplaceof,doharmto等。【真题分析】一、单项选择1.(2016·浙江)______prizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionis______two-weekholidayinParis.A.The;不填B.A;不填C.A;theD.The;a【答案】D2.(2015·陕西)morelearnedamanis,moremodestbeusuallybecome.A.The;theB.A;aC.The;aD.A;the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。试题分析:句意:一个人越有学识,他就越可能更谦虚。使用the+比较级+主谓,the+比较级+主谓的句型,所以选A。3.(2015·浙江)Jane’sgrandmotherhadwantedtowritechildren’sbookformanyyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotinway.A.a;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.a;the【答案】D【解析】考查冠词。试题分析:句意:多年来,简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书,但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一空使用不定冠词表泛指,第二个intheway是固定搭配,意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配,不定冠词用于泛指。选D4.(2015·四川)Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobe Beethoven.A.aB.anC.theD.不填【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。试题分析:本题考查不定冠词在人名前,表示;一个像……那样的人。故选择A。句意为:Bran在创作音乐上极有才华,他很有可能成为ー个像贝多芬那样的人才。5.(2015·重庆)Ijustheard____bankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedby____gunmanwearingamask.A.the;/B.a;/C.the;aD.a;the【答案】C二、单句填空1.(2018·全国III卷)Unexpectedly,I"mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat_____62_____topofherlungs.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语atthetopof,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。2.(2018·全国II卷)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【答案】a 【解析】asaresult是固定搭配,意为“结果”,强调某种原因产生的结果。5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover________top.【答案】the  【解析】此处特指“顶部”,故用定冠词the。6.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas________modelinNewYork.【答案】a 【解析】句意:相反,她在纽约做模特每天收入6,500英镑。model是可数名词,在此表示泛指,且读音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。7.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor________while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.【答案】a 【解析】forawhile“一会儿”,固定搭配。8.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Inthatcase,wewilllearnlittleabout________world.【答案】the 【解析】句意:那样的话,我们将会对这个世界了解甚少。world属于表示世上独一无二的事物的名词,其前应用定冠词。9.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)In1931,Addamsbecame________firstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.【答案】the 【解析】序数词前面加定冠词the。10.(2016·浙江高考)________prizeforthewinnerofthecompetitionis________two-weekholidayinParis.【答案】The;a 二、单句改错1.(2018·全国III卷)IhaddonemyselfhomeworkbutIwasshy.【答案】myself→the【解析】考查冠词错误。句意:我已经完成了自己的作业。改为定冠词the或表示“我的”用my不用myself。2.(2018·全国II卷)Asthekid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme. 【答案】the→a【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”,a用在表示泛指的单数名词前,the表示特指。故把the改为a。3.(2018·全国I卷)Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.【答案】countryside前加the【解析】考查冠词。去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下,故加定冠词the。4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.【答案】first前加the/my 【解析】表示第几天,序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。5.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Butinthatcase,wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.【答案】world前加the 【解析】此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。6.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Atthefirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.【答案】去掉the 【解析】atfirst“起初”,为固定短语。7.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)NowIamlivinginacity,butImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanandthemountainsaregreen.【答案】countryside前加the 【解析】inthecountryside“在乡村”,为固定短语。8.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Thereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.【答案】去掉第一个the 【解析】此处为泛指,不表示特指,故去掉the。【对点测试】一、单项选择 1.(2018·江苏常熟中学)In1768,________commanderoftheEndeavour,JamesCooks,metJosephBanks,whowasappointed________presidentoftheRoyalSociety10yearsago.A./;/B./;theC.the;theD.the;/【答案】D2.(2018·江苏常熟中学),hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemayB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent【答案】B【解析】as引导让步状语从句应该倒装,本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词(若要保留该不定冠词,则应将其置于quiet与student之间。)3.(2018·北京精华中学)—Wherecanweparkcar?—Don’tworry.There’ssuretobeparkinglotnearby.A.the;theB.the;aC.不填;aD.不填;the【答案】B4.(2018·江苏泰州中学)--Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddoafterdinner?--Whydon’twegetbeerattheKaraokebardonthestreet?Itiskindoffuntohearallthebirdssinging.A.a;不填B.a;aC.the;aD.a;the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。试题分析:句意:--你认为我们晚饭后应该做什么?--为什么不到街上的卡拉OK喝杯啤酒呢?听到所有的乐队唱歌是一种乐趣。口语中 表示一杯啤酒的时候啤酒可数冠词用a,fun是不可数名词不加冠词,选A。5.(2018·天津耀华中学)Beingabletoafford_____drinkwouldbe_____comfortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;/D./;a【答案】B【解析】考查冠词。第一空,drink前应用不定冠词,表示“一杯饮料”;第二空,comfort前面加不定冠词,表示“一个给人安慰的物品”,所以两个空都要用不定冠词。6.(2018·江苏泰州中学)Tedcouldn’tremembertheexactdateofthestorm,butheknewitwasSundaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.A./,theB.a,/C./,aD.the,/【答案】B【解析】考查冠词:第一空填a,表示不明确的一个星期天,第二空不填,atchurch做礼拜,句意是:Ted记不得风暴的具体日期了,只记得是个星期天,因为每个人都在做礼拜。选B。7.(2018·天津滨海等中学)Jane’sgrandmotherhadwantedtowrite______children’sbookformanyyears,______butonethingoranotheralwaysgotin______way.A.a;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.a;the【答案】D8.(2018·天津静海一中)Thissummer’sfirstheavyrainfallturnedKunming,________capitalcityofYunnanprovince,into________worldofwater.A.a,aB.a,theC./,aD.the,the【答案】C【解析】考查冠词。试题分析:句意:今年夏天的首次大雨使云南的省会昆明成了一个水的世界。特指云南的省会用the或不填,指一个水的世界用a,故选C。9.(2017·天津一中)Idon’tfullyunderstandwhatyousaid,butIhavegot________ roughideaofplan.A.a;theB./;theC.a;/D.the;the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意:我不完全理解你说的话,但我对计划有大概的了解。haveanideaof,固定搭配,意思为“对….有看法;对…有一个认识/了解。”第一个空是固定搭配,而且是表示数量“一”。第二个空是特指双方已知的计划,故要用定冠词。故选A。二、单句填空1.(2018·江西临川一中)Let’sjusttake___45___closelookatyourchoice.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。takealook意为“看一看;考虑”,是固定短语,故填a。2.(2018·浙江杭州外国语学校)Itwas____18____simplesignthatsaid,“Laboratory-inthisroomthefirstfivelettersofthewordwasemphasized,notthelastseven.”【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。此处泛指“一个简单的指示牌”,故填a。3.(2018·全国名校联盟)ACCTVhistoryprogramthatmixesdocumentariesanddramawithvarietyshowsin___41___hopeofpromotingtheprotectionofprizedculturallegacies(遗产)hasbecomeahit.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。inthehopeof“怀着……希望”是固定短语,故填the。4.(2018·湖北黄冈中学)___65___similarguidelinewasannouncedbytheeducationdepartmentinHeilongjiangprovinceonFeb24.【答案】a5.(2018·河北武邑中学)Everyoneknows____70____rules,andmoreimportantly,everyoneplaysaccordingtotherules.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。此处表示人人都知道规则,更重要的是人人都按规则游戏。所以此处的规则特指大家都知道的规则,所以前面用定冠词修饰。6.(2018·河北衡水中学)Earlierthisyear,theQiluTransportationDevelopmentGroup,alsohandlingtheJinanExpresswaysolarroad,builta160-meter-longsolarroadin___48___cityofJinan.【答案】在city前加the【解析】考查定冠词the。今年早些时候,齐鲁运输发展集团也在济南市高速公路上修建了一条160米长的太阳能公路。inthecityof---,---市,故在city前加the。7.(2018·河北衡水中学)SenatorGaylordNelsondreamedof___46___similareventthatwouldgetpeopletotakeenvironmentalissuesseriously.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。泛指“一件相似的大事”,且similar的首字母发音是辅音,所以用不定冠词a。8.(2018·广东中山一中)Inshort,IbelievethatitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishfor_____50_____developmentofourwritingskills.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。不定冠词a/an通常表示泛指,定冠词the表示特指;本句中定冠词the特指我们写作技巧的提高。9.(2018·高考仿真模拟)Bayomy,___45___Egyptianstudentatthesameuniversity,saidsheplannedtovisitatemplefairinChaoyangParkonSunday.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。___5___Egyptianstudentatthesameuniversity是Bayomy的同位语,此处泛指“一个埃及学生”,Egyptian以元音因素开头。故填an。10.(2018·高考仿真模拟)Don"tdothisin___44___obviouswaybecausethisisannoying,butdoitwithouthisawarenessofyourintention.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。不要以一种明显的方式做这件事,因为这很烦人。该处表示“一种明显的方式”,表示泛指,故用不定冠词;obvious的读音以元音音素开头,故用an。三、单句改错1.(2018·江西临川一中)InMarch,Luandhiswifetransferredallthemoneytheysaved itinmorethan10bankaccountstoSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversitytoestablishtheeducationalfundsponsoringpoverty-strickenstudentsandtalentedyoungteachers.【答案】the→a2.(2018·四川双流中学)ItwasfantasticdayandIhopetheywillcometoChengduagain.【答案】fantasticday前增加a【解析】考查冠词。句意:这是美好的一天,并且我希望他们再次来到成都。泛指“一个极好的日子”,且fantastic的首字母发音是辅音,所以fantasticday前增加a。3.(2018·全国名校联盟)Let’stakeanactionfromnowon!Let’sworktogethertoliveinharmony!【答案】故去掉action前的an【解析】考查冠词。takeaction“采取措施”,action是不可数名词,故去掉action前的an。4.(2018·湖南长郡中学)I"vemadethemistakeafullspoonistoomany,andhecantakeonlyfivedrops.【答案】the→a【解析】考查固定短语。短语makeamistake犯错;其中的不定冠词a表示泛指。5.(2018·湖北黄冈中学)I’dliketogivebriefintroductionaboutmyself.【答案】give后面加上a6.(2018·河北武邑中学)First,somepeopleareinsuchthehurrythattheyignorethetrafficlights.【答案】the→a【解析】考查固定短语。固定短语inahurry,故把the改为a。7.(2018·河北衡水中学)Thewholecitywascoveredwithgreentrees,makingitgreencity. 【答案】在it后面加a【解析】考查不定冠词。整个城市都被绿树覆盖,使它成了一个绿色的城市。结合句意可知在it后面加a。8.(2018·河北衡水中学)For65years,MrLihasbeenwalkaroundourneighborhoodtwicetheday.【答案】the→a【解析】冠词用法错误。这里表达“一天两次”,用twiceaday。故将the改为a。9.(2018·广东中山一中)Themuseum,whichcoversaareaof18,000squaremeters,ismadeof24exhibitionhalls.【答案】a→an【解析】冠词用法错误。“Themuseum,whichcoversaareaof18,000squaremeters”冠词修饰名词area,因为area是元音开头的单词,所以要用an。故将a改为an。10.(2018·高考仿真模拟卷)WhenIdidn’tknowhowtowriteasentencecorrect,Iwouldaskmyteacherforthehelp.【答案】掉定冠词the【解析】考查冠词。asksb.forhelp表示“向某人寻求帮助”,help是不可数名词,根据语境可知,此处表示泛指。故去掉定冠词the。四、单句翻译(冠词)1.我们都认为他是适合做这个项目的人。【答案】Weallthoughthimasuitablepersonforthejob.【解析】不定冠词和名词连用作表语或同位语,主要说明某个人或东西所属类别。2.失败乃成功之母。【答案】Failureisthemotherofsuccess. 【解析】抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词3.这是我所读过的书中最有趣的一本。【答案】ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.【解析】定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。4.那正是我要找的东西。【答案】That"stheverythingI"vebeenlookingfor. 【解析】用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面。5.他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。【答案】Brave(aman)though/asheis,hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.