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关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里http://m.meten.com/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0美联英语提供:高中英语语法手册28代替。Thatisn’tyourdesk,isit?那不是你的桌子,是吗?Theseareinterestingstories,aren"tthey?这些故事很有趣,是吗?(3)当陈述部分的主语是“I"m...”结构时,疑问部分一般用aren"tI。I"mlateforclass,aren"tI?我迟到了,是吗?I"mdoingwell,aren"tI?我干得很好,不是吗?(4)当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,somebody,nobody,none等合成代词时,附加疑问部分的主语多用they,但也可用he。Everyonecamehere,didn"tthey?都来了,是吗?NobodyphonedwhileIwasout,didthey?我不在时,没人给我打电话,是吗?(5)当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it。Everythingisready,isn"tit?都准备好了,是吗?Nothingwassaid,wasit?什么也没说,对吗?Nothingcanstopus,canit?没有什么能阻止我们,是吗?(6)当陈述部分以不定代词one作主语,疑问部分的主语在正式的场合用one
,在非正式场合用you。Onecan’tbetoocareful,canone(you)?怎么细心都不为过,你说呢?Oneshouldlearnfromothers,shouldn’tone(you)?人要想别人学习,是吗?(7)当陈述部分是“therebe+主语+其它”结构时,疑问部分要用“be(not)+there”结构。Thereisabookonthedesk,isn"tthere?桌子上有本书,是吗?Thereusedtobealotofcoalminesinthesouth,didn"tthere?过去在南部有大量煤矿,不是吗?(8)当陈述部分的主语是“Idon’tthink(suppose,believe)+that从句”结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语须和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上相一致,并且还要用肯定形式。Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,willthey?我认为没人会自愿去做,是吗?Idon"tthinkyou"veheardofhimbefore,haveyou?我想你从前没听说过他,是吗?Ithinkitisyourdutytosticktothefightingpostatanytime,isn"tit?我认为无论何时坚持你的战斗岗位都是你的责任,对不?Idon"tsupposeyouareserious,areyou?我想你不是认真的,是吗?注意:主句的主语不是第一人称时I是不存在这种情况。Youdon’tthinkhecanfinishthework,doyou?(9)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,有两种情况:①have作“有”解时,可有两种形式。Hehasanewbook,hasn’t/doesn"the?他有一本新书,是吗?
Hehasalotofmoney,hasn’t/doesn’the?他有很多钱,是吗?②have表示其它意思时,只用do的相应形式。Heseldomhaslunchatschool,doeshe?他在学校很少吃午饭,是吗?Hiswifehadthefrontdoorpaintedgreenyesterday,didn"tshe?他妻子昨天请人把房子刷成了绿色的,是吧?(10)当陈述部分有情态动词oughtto时,疑问部分的谓语动词用ought(oughtn’t)代替。Suchthingsoughtnottobeallowed,oughtthey?这种事是不允许的,是不是?Heoughttobepunished,oughtn"the?他应当受到惩罚,是吗?但在非正式文体中,用oughtwenot形式。Weoughttogo,oughtwenot?或Weoughttogo,shouldwenot/shouldn"twe?(11)当陈述部分有情态动词usedto时,疑问部分的谓语动词有两种形式。HeusedtoliveinBeijing,use(d)n’the/didn"the?他在北京住过,是吗?Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar,use(d)n"tthere/didn"tthere?战前这里曾有座电影院,是吗?(12)当陈述部分有情态动词must时,常用的有三种情况:①must表示“必须”、“禁止”等时,疑问部分用must(mustn"t)。Imustanswertheletter,mustn"tI?我必须回信,是吗?Youmustn’tongrass,mustyou?你不能呆在草地上,知道吗?
must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问部分则用needn"t。Youmustgohomerightnow,needn"tyou?②当must用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时,疑问部分的谓语要根据must之后的动词不定式采用相应的形式。Youmustbetired,aren"tyou?你一定是累了,是吗?Shemustbebadatphysics,isn"tshe?她物理一定不好,不是吗?Youmustknowit,doyou?你肯定知道,是吗?③当must用来对过去的情况进行“推测”(must+have+过去分词)时,若强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“didnt+主语”;若强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“haven"t(hasn"t)+主语”。Hemusthavebeenworkingherefor20years,hasn"the?他一定在这工作了20年,是吗?Youmusthaveseenhimyesterday,didn"tyou?昨天你一定看见他了,不是吗?(13)当陈述部分有haveto或hasto,hadto时,疑问部分一般用do的相应形式。Wehavetogetupatfourtomorrow,don"twe?我们明天得四点起床,是吗?Theyhadtoleaveearly,didn"tthey?他们早走是不得已,是不是?(14)当陈述部分有hadbetter时,疑问部分用hadn"t或shouldn"t。You’dbettergowithme,hadn’tyou/shouldn"tyou?你最好和我一起走,好吗?He’dbetterleave,hadn’the?他最好离开,是吗?(15)当陈述部分有seldom,hardly,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,
nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。Shenevertellsalie,doesshe?她从不撒谎是吧?ShehardlyeverspeakstoyouinEnglish,doesshe?她几乎没和你用英语说话,是吗?Fewpeopleknowher,dothey?几乎没有人认识她,是吗?Sheseldomgoestoworklate,doesshe?她很少上班迟到,是吗?(16)当陈述部分的谓语是带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀)的动词时,疑问部分仍用否定结构。Theydislikedplayingfootball,didn"tthey?他不喜欢踢球,是吗?Heisunsuccessful,isn"the?他没成功,是吗?(17)当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望wish等时,疑问部分的谓语动词用may而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。Iwishtogohomenow,mayI?我想回家,行吗?Iwishtogowithyou,mayI?我想和你一起去,行吗?(18)感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式,并用be的一般现在时Whatalovelyday,isn"tit?多好的天气啊!Howcooltheweatheris,isn"tit?天怎么这么冷!Whatastupidfellow,isn’the?多傻的小子啊!(19)祈使句的反意疑问句一般只用肯定式①Let’s引导的祈使句,其反意疑问句一般用“shallwe?”。
Let"sdiscussitnow,shallwe?让我们现在讨论它,好吗?It"safineday.Letsgofishing,shallwe?多好的天。我们去钓鱼吧?②由letus/him/them(不是let’s)引导的反意疑问句表示“请求”(不包括听话人)时,一般用“willyou”。Letusgohome,willyou?让我们回家好吗?Lethimgowithyou,willyou?让他跟你去,好吗?③letme开头的反意疑问句可用willyou,也可用mayI。Letmedoitforyou,mayI?我替你做,行吗?Letmehavearest,willyou?我歇一会好吗?④祈使句的反意疑问句一般只用肯定式;如果祈使句为肯定式,疑问部分有时可用否定式。肯定形式在语气上更委婉客气。Passmethebook,willyou/won"tyou?递给我那本书,好吗?Besuretowritetous,willyou?一定给我写信,好吗?⑤如果祈使句为否定式,疑问部分只能用肯定式。Don’tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?请不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?Don’tspeakaloudanymore,willyou?别在大声喧哗了好吗?(20)陈述部分用neither…nor,notonly…butalso等连接主语时,疑问部分主语应用复数。NeitheryounorIcandoit,canwe?你和我都不会,是吗?Neithershenoryoucananswer,canyou?你俩都不会回答,是吗?
(21)当陈述部分的主语是I,当疑问部分用来征求对方的意见时,其主语常用you,这时附加疑问部分实际上等于另外一个句子,相当于what/howaboutyou?/whatdoyouthink?。IfindEnglishveryinteresting,don’tyou?(=Whataboutyou?)我认为英语很有趣,你怎么想?Idon’tthinkJohnwillcometoday,doyou?(=Whatdoyouthink?)我认为约翰今天不来了,你说呢?(22)陈述部分是并列句时,疑问部分常对后一个句子进行反问。HeisateacherandhehastaughtEnglishfor20years,hasn’the?他是一位老师,教英语20年了,是吗?Tomhasbeendoingtheexperimentallafternoon,butheshouldhavefinisheditbynow,shouldn"the?汤姆一下午在做实验,但他现在应该完成了,不是吗?(23)陈述部分含有宾语从句的主从复合句时,疑问部分的谓语动词和主语一般同主句的谓语动词和主语保持一致。I(don’t)think,believe,suppose,figure,imagine,reckon,expect,seem等+宾语从句结构出外(参考本章第(8)条)HesaysthatIdidit,didn"the?他说我做的这件事,不是吗?Marythinksyouwillcometothemeeting,doesn’tshe?玛丽认为你不来参加会议,是吗?(主语不是第一人称I)(24)陈述部分含有主语从句,反意疑问句的主语用it。Whathelacksisconfidence,isn’tit?他所缺乏的是信心,是吗?
Whereyouareseatedisnotimportant,isit?坐在哪里并不重要,是吗?4、选择疑问句选择疑问句(alternativequestion)提供两种(或两种以上)情况,问对方选择哪一种,其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句,在提供的情况之间用连词or,前者用升调,后者用降调,回答要求用比较完整的句子。-Whichdoyouprefer,horse-ridingorshooting?-你喜欢什么,骑马还是射击?-Ipreferhorse-riding.-我喜欢骑马。-IsSusanstillatschool,orhassheleft(school)?-苏珊仍在读书呢,还是己经毕业了?-Sheisstillatschool.-她仍在读书。-Wasthepeachripeorgreen?-桃子是熟的还是生的?-Itwasabitgreen.-有点生。三、祈使句1、概述祈使句(imperativesentence)表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形。主语you通常省略,句末用叹号或句号。Knockatthedoorbeforeentering,please.进来时请敲门!(建议)Trysomeofthisjuice---perhapsyou’lltakeit.尝点这种果汁,也许你会要。(建议)Lookout!Thereisatraincoming.注意!火车来了!(提醒)Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalking.请穿结实的鞋子,因为我们要走许多的路。(叮嘱)
Atthebeginning,collectasmanystampsasyoucan.开始时,尽可能多多地收集邮票。(建议)Leaveherwheresheis!让她留在原地!(命令)Putyourcoatatonce.Wemusthurry.立刻穿上衣服。我们必须快点。(命令)Givebloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.如果你能,来献血吧,这会挽救很多人的生命。(号召)2、祈使句的另外表达方式(1)“No+名词或动名词”表示祈使句“No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止的祈使,一般用于指示、标牌、布告等。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nospitting!不准随地吐痰!Nolitter!不准乱扔果皮纸屑!Noentry!不许入内!Nothoroughfare!禁止通行!Noscribblingonthewall!墙上不准涂写!Noadmittanceexceptonbusiness!非公莫入!(2)“havedone…”结构表示祈使句这种结构相当于stopdoing,意为“禁止”。有时表示“结束、停止”。Havedonescoldinghim.不要再责备他了。Havedone!住手!Havedonerunning!跑完了!(别跑了!)(3)“be+V-ed”结构表示祈使句Beguidedbyreason!理智些!Beseated!请坐!
Bepersuadedbyyourfather!听你父亲的话!Begone!滚!(4)“be+V-ing”结构表示祈使句Don’tbelookingoutofthewindow!勿将头伸出窗外!DobedoingyourhomeworkwhenIcomein.我进来时,你一定在做作业吧!(5)无动词祈使句一般来讲,祈使句都要有动词,但是有些用于口号、告示等的祈使句却是没有动词。主要有:名词短语;介词短语;名词+代词/副词/形容词;形容词+名词/代词;副词+with等。Don’tallspeakatonce!Oneatatime,please.不要一起说,一次一个!Onemoreweek,andwe’llaccomplishthetask.再给我一星期,我就会完成任务。Patience!耐心点!Yourturn.轮到您了。Afteryou!您先请!Nowforit!干起来吧!Onwithyourcap.带上帽子。Danger!危险!Poison!有毒!Over!完毕!Bottomup!干杯!Noneofthatagain!不要在那样!Noneofyournonsense!不要胡说八道!Handup!举起手来!Handsoff!无动手!Offwithit!把它拿下来!Upwiththebox!把箱子放下!Eyesleft!向右看齐!Noneofyourimpudence!休要无理!Noneofyourlittletrick!不要再玩鬼把戏!(6)let祈使句①Let’s祈使句
let’s引导的祈使句,包括听话者本人在内,表示建议,反意问句用shallwe。相当于I(We)suggestthatyouandI(we)…。Let’sbegin,shallwe?我们开始好吗?Let’sgohome.我们回家吧!①Letme(us,him,her,it,them)祈使句该结构引导的祈使句表示请求对方允许自己干某事,不包括对方(you)在内,let相当于allow,意为pleaseallowus…或youallowus,反意问句要用willyou。Letallthechildrenbewelleducated!让所有的孩子都得到良好的教育。Lethimgowherehemight,Idon’tcare.他想上那就让他去,我不管!Letusknowyourname,willyou?让我们知道你的名字好吗?②let祈使句否定let祈使句的否定可以为let’snot/letme(us)not或Don’tlet’s/letme(us)但lethim等第三人称否定式为Don’tlethim。其他人称亦可用Don’tlet。Don’tletherdisturbyou!别让她妨碍我!Let’snotbeinsuchahurry!让我们别这样急!③let祈使句强调let祈使句强调的强调式为Dolet’s或Doletus。Dolethergo!一定让她走!Dolet’sgoclimbing.我们一定去爬山!④Lettherebe结构
No+v-ing其时句常用lettherebe代替。Noparkinghere.=Lettherebenoparkinghere.不准在此停车!(7)“whynot+动词原形”等结构表示祈使概念“whynot+动词原形”;“why+动词原形”“you’dbetter/best+dosth.”等结构可以表示祈使概念,用来表达方式,提出委婉建议,指责,反问等。-Iusuallygotherebytrain.我通常坐火车去?-Whynottrygoingbyboatforachange?怎么不坐船换换口味。You’dbettergotoschoolearlytomorrow.明天你最好早点去上学。-Susan,goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.Susan,去和你姐姐扫院子。-Whyme?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.为什么叫我去?John坐在那闲着。3、祈使句可以用被动形式Don’tbecheatedbywhathesaid.不要被他说的话所欺骗。Don’tbeforcedtodothatagain.不要再被胁迫做那种事了。4、祈使句的主语祈使句的主语多为不言而喻的you,一般不出现。但若是要强调主语;或表示急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩;表示向谁请求或发出命令,祈使句可有主语,除you外可以用不代词one,someone,somebody,everybody,everyone或名词。①当说话人强调主语或上级对下级,长者对年青人或小孩讲话时。-Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,willyou?爱丽丝,你去喂鸟好吗?-Yes.ButIfedityesterday.好,但我昨天喂了。
Youtakecarewhenyoucrosstheroad.你过马路时要小心。Youspeakfirst.你先讲。Tom,listentome.汤姆,听我说。Youbecareful.你要仔细点。John,openthedoor!约翰,去开门!①当说话人有急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩Comehere,you!你,过来!(放句尾,表示轻视、傲视)Youdoitrightaway.你立刻做这件事Youmindyourownbusiness,andleavethistome.你别管闭事,把此事留给我好了。②当说话人必须指明不同的事要求不同的人去做时。Youcleanthewindows,andyou(anotherman)mopthefloor.你擦窗户,你(指另一个人)拖地板。YougooverthereandsitnexttoTom,whileheandIstayhere.你到那里坐在汤姆旁边,我和他留在这里。③当祈使句的主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等泛指第三人称时。Someonecallataxi.你去叫车!(相当于You,不用calls)Someoneopenthatwindow.来个人把那扇窗户打开。Everybodybehereat7:30.大家7:30到这里。④当祈使句谓语部分有副词up,down,in,out,off,away等
,且这些副词置于句首时。Inyoujump!你跳进去吧!Outyoucome.请你出来。①当祈使句以Don"t开头又要加重语气时。Don’tyoudaretocauseanymoretrouble.你敢再捣乱。Don’tyoubelateagainnexttime.你下次不要再来晚了。5、祈使句的否定祈使句的否定结构一般是在谓语动词前加donot或用don"t(口语中),有时也可用never,若祈使句有主语,否定词用don’t或never要置于主语之前,不可用donot。—Sorry,Joe,Ididn’tmeanto…对不起,Joe。我不是故意要……—Don’tcallme“Joe”.I’mMrParkertoyou,anddon’tyouforgetit!不要叫我Joe。我是Parker先生,不要忘了。Don"ttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto.除非老师叫你动,否则就不要动任何东西。Don"treachsidewayswhilestandingonaladder.站在梯子上的时候,不要侧身子伸手去拿东西。Don’tanyonemakenoise!都别说话了!Don’tyoueverforgetit!(不能说Donotyou…)别忘了。Don’tyoubelieveit.决不要相信他。Neverbelateagain.别再迟到了。
6、肯定祈使句的强调肯定祈使句可用助动词do加强语气,常译为“务必、一定要”。Dosaveme!天那!(救救我吧)Docomein.请进。Dobecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路时务必小心。Dogivemyregardstoyourparents.请务必代我向你的父母问好。7、“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构(1)祈使句+and(then,andthen)+陈述句在这个句型中,前边祈使句+and(then,andthen)相当于if引导的条件句。Comeearly,andyou’llcatchthefirstbus.=Ifyoucomeearly,you’llcatchthefirstbus.来早点,你就能赶上第一班汽车。Useyourhead,thenyou’llfindaway.开动脑筋,那么你就会找到办法。Onemoreword,andI"llgetangrywithyou.如果你再说一句话,我就生你的气了。Anotherweek,andtherailwaystationwillbecompleted.再有一周,火车站就完工了。(2)祈使句+(or,orelse,otherwise)+陈述句在这个句型中,前边祈使句+(or,orelse,otherwise)相当于unless引导的条件句。Workhard,otherwise,you’llfail.=Unlessyouworkhard,you’llfail.努力干,要不,你会失败的。Useyourhead,orelseyouwon’tfindaway.=Unlessyouuseyourhead,
youwon’tfindaway.开动脑筋,否则,你就找不到办法。巧选and,or:选择连接词,只看陈述句,and叫人心欢畅,or的后果不好尝。8、祈使句的简略答语形式祈使句的简略答语,肯定或否定形式常用will或won’t。-Writetomewhenyougethome.到家时给我打电话!-Iwill.我会的。-Don’tforgettoclosethewindow.别忘了关窗。-No,Iwon’t.不会忘。四、感叹句感叹句(exclamatorysentence)用来表示说话人喜怒哀乐、惊讶、赞美等强烈感情的句子。用降调,句末用感叹号,句首多用how和what,其余与陈述句结构相同。1、带有how的感叹句用来感叹形容词、副词或动词,其结构:(1)How+形容词+主语+谓语!Howhappyheis!他是多么的幸福啊!Howexcitinghebecamewhenheheardthenews!当他听到这个消息时,他是多么的激动!HowbeautifultheWestLakeis!西湖是多么的美丽啊!(2)How+副词+主语+谓语!Howhardheisworkingnow!他现在工作得多么的努力呀!
Howslowlyheruns!他跑得多么慢呀!Howbeautifullyyousing!你唱得多么好听啊!(3)How+主语+动词!Howhermotherworried!她母亲是多么地担心啊!Howheenjoyscollectingstamps!他是多么的喜欢集邮啊!Howthemenpumpedlikecrazy!水手们发疯般地抽着水!(4)How+形容词+a(an)+可数名词单数形式MissLanghamarminarmwithMr.Peabody——howastonishingasight!兰哈姆小姐挽着皮博迪先生的胳膊,看上去真叫人吃惊!Howinterestingabookitis!多么有趣的一本书啊!(5)How+many,much,few,little+名词+主语+谓语!Howlittlefoodtheyhave!他们的食物多么少啊!Howfewbooksshehas!他有的书多么少啊!2、带有what的感叹句带有what的感叹句用来感叹名词,被感叹的名词既可以是可数名词(单数形式或复数形式),也可以是不可数名词。(1)Whata/an+(形容词)+单数名词+谓语!Whatafinedayitis!天气多么好啊!Whataninterestingstoryitis!它是多么有趣的一个故事啊!Whatanhonestboyheis!他是一个多么诚实的孩子呀!
WhatabeautifuldayitwasandhowhappyIwas!天是多么的好,我是多么的高兴啊!(2)What+(形容词)+复数名词+谓语!Whatfunnystoriestheyare!他们是多么可笑的故事啊!Whatbeautifulcolourstheyare!它们的颜色是多么的漂亮啊!Whatterribleearthquakestheyare!多么可怕的地震啊!(3)What+(形容词)+不可数名词+谓语!Whatgreatprogresshehasmade!他取得了多么大的进步呀!Whatterribleweatherwemet!我们那时遇到了多么可怕的天气啊!Whatfunitistohaveaswiminsummer.夏天游泳是多么有趣的是啊!3、感叹句的特殊表达法(1)不定式短语引起的感叹句不定式短语单独使用常表示惊异、气愤、祝愿等情绪。Tosellsuchacheapsuitasthattoamillionaire!竟然把这样一套衣服卖给一位百万富翁!TothinkthatIshallneverseeheragain!真没想到我再也见不到她了!Tothinkofmyleavingtheumbrellainthetrain!真没想到我把伞落到火车上了!(2)so和such引起的感叹句Thelittleboyissoclever!这个男孩真聪明!Itwassuchterriblewriting!写得真糟糕!
(3)That引起的感叹句That引起的感叹句,表示愿望、遗憾。Thatitshouldevercometothis!事情竟会弄到这种地步!Thatshewerehere!她在这该多好!(4)if或ifonly引起的感叹句IfIhaven"tlostmywatch!我的表要是不丢该多好!IfonlyIknew!要是我知道该多好。(5)who引起的感叹句以who起首引起的感叹句表示惊奇。Whowouldhavethoughtit!谁能想得到啊!Whoelsecouldhavedoneit!还有谁会做这件事!(6)短语感叹句Atlast!Atlast!终于盼到了!Thirtyyears!Suchalongtime!30年了!多么长的时间呀!Thegrassandtherisingsun!多么青的草地,多么明媚的晨光!(7)疑问句感叹Hasn’tshegrown!她长这么大了!AmIsilly!我真傻!Aren’tyoulucky!你真走运!(8)以off,in,away,here,there起首的感叹句
Uptothecliffclimbedaman!那个人爬到悬崖上去了!Hereitbegins!来吧,开始啦!五、点击考点1.Helittlerealizedthathemadeabigmistake,_________? A.didn"the B.hadn"the C.hadhe D.didhe2.----Yourfathertoldmethatheoversleptthismorning. ----Oh,myfatherrarelyusedtooversleep,_________? A.wasn"t B.washe C.didn"the D.didhe3.----Nicetoseeyouall. ----It"sbeenalongtimesinceyoudroppedin,Mary________? A.didn"tyou B.isn"t C.don"tyou D.hasn"tit4.Tellmehowtooperatetheelectroniccomputer,_______? A.willyou B.don"tyou C.doyou D.shan"tyou5.You"drathernotdoit,________? A.shouldyou B.wouldn"tyou C.wouldyou D.mustyou6.Shehadagoodholidayinthecountryside,________? A.wasn"t B.hadn"tshe C.didshe D.didn"tshe7.Idon’tsupposeyou"reserious,_________? A.don"tyou B.doI C.areyou D.aren"tyou8.Itisunfairtotreathimlikethat,_________?
A.isit B.isn"tit C.doesit D.doesn"tit9.Shemissedthelastbusyesterday,__________? A.didshe B.didn"tshe C.hadshe D.hadn"tshe10.Hefailedinthefinalexamination,_________? A.didhe B.didn"the C.hadhe D.hadn"the11.Marymusthavecomehereyesterday,_________? A.didn"tshe B.mustn"tshe C.hadn"tshe D.wasn"tshe12.Iwastoldthatshedisagreedwithyouaboutthis,_________? A.didn"tshe B.didshe C.wasn"tI D.hadshe13.Tomisn"tadiligentstudent,foritisthethirdtimehehasbeenlate,_______? A.wasn"tit B.hasn"tit C.isn"tit D.hasn"the14.----Theydon"tseemtoanswertheirphone. ----Thereisn"tanyoneathome,_________? A.isn"tthere B.isthere C.isit D.isn"tit15.Wehadtoreadthefirstchapter,__________? A.didn"twe B.shouldn"twe C.don"twe D.weren"twe16.Therearen"tmanycafes.We"dbetterstopatthenextplacewesee,_______? A.hadn"twe B.wouldn"twe C.hadwe D.didn"twe17.You"dlikethat,_________? A.don"tyou B.didn"tyou C.hadn"tyou D.wouldn"tyou
18.TheprofessormusthavebeentoLondon,________he? A.must B.mustn"t C.hasn"t D.doesn"t19.Don"topenthedoor,________? A.won"tyou B.shallwe C.willyou D.doyou20.Everybodyhopestojointheclub,_________? A.doeshe B.didn"the C.dothey D.doesn"the21.Timeisup.Let"sstophere,________? A.willyou B.won"twe C.shallwe D.shan"twe22.Nothingisinterestinghere,________? A.arethey B.aren"tthey C.isit D.isn"tit23.Letussharetheroom,________? A.maywe B.shallwe C.willyou D.shan"twe24.That"sthesortofthebookyouwant,________? A.isit B.isn"tthat C.isthat D.isn"tit25.----Don"tbothertodrivemeback. ----Butthenyou"dhavetowalkhomealone,________? A.hadn"tyou B.doyou C.wouldyou D.wouldn"tyou26.YouhaveJackdothework,________? A.doyou B.isn"tyou C.haven"tyou D.don’tyou27.Whatalovelyday,_________?
A.doesn"tit B.isn"tit C.hasn"tit D.won"tit28.Noonelikestobeshoutedatlikethat,________? A.doeshe B.doesn"t C.dothey D.willone29.Idon"tthinkyouareright,________? A.doI B.aren"tI C.areyou D.amI30.Iamveryinterestedincollectingstamps,________? A.don"tI B.amn"tI C.amI D.aren"tI31.Iwishtohavetwoticketsfortheconcert,________? A.canI B.willI C.dothey D.mayI32.Heisworkerbuthiswifeisasinger,________? A.isn"the B.isn"tshe C.arethey D.aren"tthey33.---Lucy,youwashthedishes,______?---Mom,can’tLilydoit?It’sherturn.A.don’tyouB.canyouC.shallyouD.willyou34._______thisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.A.LookthroughB.LookonC.LookintoD.Lookup35.---Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,_________?---ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didn’tyouD.don’tyou36.---Pleasedon’tmakeanoise.
---_________.A.Idon’tB.Iwon’tC.No,Iwon’tD.Yes,Iwill37.______downtheradio——thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn38.______hehassentus!A.WhatnicegiftB.HownicegiftC.WhatanicegiftD.Howanicegift39.______goodinformationitis!A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.Whata40._______excitingthefilmis!A.WhatB.HowC.SoD.Howmuch41._______thefarmersworkedlastsummer!Butthecropswerestillpoorbecauseofthefloods.A.HowB.HowdiligentC.WhatD.Howcareful42.________pity!Ihopeyouwillreturnoneday.A.HowB.WhatC.HowaD.Whata43.Whenwewentthere,thegirlsweresinging._______itwas!A.WhatlovelysongB.HowlovelysongC.WhatlovelyasongD.Howlovelyasong44._______sheis!
A.WhataprettygirlB.HowprettyagirlC.HowprettygirlD.bothAandB45.________lovelyboystheyare!A.WhataB.WhatC.HowD.bothBandC46.--_____DavidandVicky_____married?--Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere…beingB.Howlonghave…gotC.Howlonghave…beenD.Howlongdid…get47.—Iheartheyaren’tpleasedwiththehouseyou’vechosenforthem.—Well,____couldtheyliveinsuchcomfort?A.whereelseB.whatelseC.howD.why48.____Iknowthemoneyissafe,IshallnotworryaboutitA.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.while49.Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,?A.doIB.don’tIC.willtheyD.won’tthey50.Mrs.Blackdoesn’tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,?A.isheB.isn’theC.doesn’tsheD.doesshe51.—Willyougoskiingwithmethiswintervacation?--It.A.alldependB.alldependsC.isalldependedD.isall
depending52.besenttoworkthere?A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould53.LeaveitwithmeandI’llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave54._______himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.(1999)A.MindB.GlanceC.StareatD.Watch55.----Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,______?----Yes.ButIfedityesterday.(1999)A.doyouB.willyouC.didn’tyouD.don’tyou56.________wehavetoday!(1983)A.AfineweatherB.WhatafineweatherC.HowafineweatherD.Whatfineweather57.Oh,John._________yougaveus!(1990)A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise58._________foodyou’vecooked!(1991)A.HowaniceB.WhataniceC.HowniceD.Whatnice59._______terribleweatherwe’vebeenhavingthesedays!(1992)
A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What60.________fromBeijingtoLondon!(1993)A.HowlongwayitisB.WhatalongwayisitC.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis答案:1.D2.D3.D4.A5.C6.D7.C8.B9.B10.B11.A12.C13.C14.B15.A16.A17.D18.C19.C20.D21.C22.C23.C24.D25.D26.D27.B28.C29.C30.D31.D32.B33.D34.A35.B36.B37.D38.C39.B40.B41.A42.D43.D44.D45.B46.C47.A48.C49.C50.D51.B52.A53.D54.D55.B56.D57.C58.D59.D60.D第十九章名词性从句一、概述在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。(主语从句)Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。(表语从句)Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.他们不知道他去什么地方了。(
同位语从句)Doyourememberhowhecame?你记得他怎么来的么?(宾语从句)二、语序当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时,必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头,且该从句语序不能倒装。Whatwecan"tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。Thephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.这些照片将向你展示我们村庄的面貌。CanyoumakesurewhereAlicehasputthegoldring?你能肯定爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗?Noonecanbesurewhatmanwilllooklikeinamillionyears.没有人肯定一百万年后人类会是什么样子。HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴。三、时态的呼应名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应,主要有下列几种情况:(1)如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态,从句的谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的制约。IwonderwhyJennyhasn’twrittenusrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfrom
herbynow.我不知道为什么珍妮最近没有给我们写信。我们现在应当收到他的来信了。Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?你对我的新装还没说怎么样呢,喜欢吗?I’msorryIdidn’tsayanythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.对不起,我还没来得及。我认为你穿上当然好看。(2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的谓语动词动作发生在主句的动作之前,过去完成时、过去完成进行时或一般过去时。Thepolicefoundthatthehousehadbeenbrokenintoandalotofthingsstolen.警察发现有人闯入房子并且很多东西被偷Shesaidshehadbeenwaitingformeforalongtime.她说她等了我很长时间。(3)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生,则从句的动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在这里。Iwastoldthattheyweredesigninganewmachine.有人告诉我他们在设计一种新机器。(4)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后,则从句的动词用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时。Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathewouldleaveofficesoon.当他宣布他不久就要离职时,我们都很吃惊。Theysaidtheywouldbelisteningtoareportoncurrentaffairs
.他说他们将听关于时事的报告。四、引导名词性从句的关联词在传统的语法中,有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分;连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。本书根据最新资料不再作此分类,通称关系代词和关系副词。引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同,它们分别是:连词:that,whether,if;关系代词:who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;关系副词:when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表:类别词义在从句中的作用that无任何词义仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分if和whether意为“是否”,表明从句意义的不确定性起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当主、表、宾、定语等
关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever有各自自身的意义起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别连词that在从句中不作成分,不含疑问意义;而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义;或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。Itworriedherabitthatherhairwasturninggrey.她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。(that在从句中只起引导词作用,不作成分)Whatcausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。(What在从句中作主语)2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。that与whether都是连词,引导名词性从句时,在句中只起连接作用,都不担任句子成分,使用时有下列区别:(1)动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道”解时,肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句;否定句don’tdoubt和疑问句Doyoudoubt要接that引导的从句。Idon’tdoubtthathewillcomesoon.我不怀疑他不久会来。(此处不用whether)Canyoudoubtthathewillwin?你怀疑他会赢吗?(此处不用whether)Idoubtwhetheritistrue.我怀疑那不是真的。比较:doubt表示“不信”解时,表示强烈的不相信时,在陈述句中可接that从句。
Idoubtthathewillstaythere.我不信他会留在那里。(2)that本身无意义,有时可以省略;whether本身有意义,在句中均不可省略。Hesaid(that)hewasfromNewYork.他说他是从纽约来的。(that无意义,可以省略)Whetherhewillgothereisnotdecidedyet.他去不去没定下来。(whether有意义,不可以省略)(3)如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时,只能用whether(ornot),不可用that。Iwonderwhetherheknewthemanager(ornot).我不知道他是否认识经理。(不能用that)Iamnotsurewhetherhewillcome.他来不来我没把握。(不能用that)(4)whether引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语;that引导的从句只能作except,but,besides的介词宾语。Ihavenointerestinwhetherhewillcome.我对他来与否不感兴趣。(不能用that)Heisagoodboyexceptthatheiscarelesssometimes.他是个好孩子,只是有时有点粗心。3、whether和if的区别(1)whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句,而if不能。Ihaven’tsettledthequestionofwhetherI’lllendhimthemoney.我还没决定是否把钱借给她。(不能用if)
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