it的用处theuseofit英语语法 30页

Unit18GrammarTheUseof“It” 用作人称代词Icannotfindmywatch；Imusthavelostit.①“Whereisthecat?’’“Itisunderthebed.”②Theygotababyanditverylovely.HesmokesalotinbedandIdon’tlikeit.①“Whoisit？”“It’sme.”②Someonemusthavebeenhere.Butwehavenoideawhoitwas.1.用于指事。It用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物，以避免重复。2.用于指动物或婴儿。主要用于指动物或性别不详的婴儿。3.用于上文提到的情况。4.用于指人。it用于指人主要用于确定未知人的身份. 注意当it指人时主要用于确定未知的或身份不明的人，若指已知的或身份明确的人，则根据情况使用he或she⑴Ihearaknockatthedoor.Itmustbethepostmen.⑵Jimisatthedoor.Hewantstoseeyou.It用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个事物，it前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，而且，one之前或之后常有修饰语来加以区别⑴.IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagoandIamstillusing______now.⑵IboughtadictionarythreeyearsagobutIamgoingtobuyanew_______soon.itone 对比练习Thevaseontheleftismorebeautifulthan____________ontheright.Ilove_______verymuch.2.ThecoffeeproducedinBrazilismorefamousthan_______inMexico.theone/thatthat3.Hisyoungersisteristallerthantheelder______.4.Ineedtheplasticbags,notthepaper______.oneones5.Ilikethevasebetterthan____________inanothershop.6.Thewindowsofyourflatarecleanerthan_________ofmine.7.Thestyleofthebuildingissimilarto_________ofatempletheone/thatthosethat8.ACDplayermadeinJapancostsmorethan________madeinChina.oneit 用作非人称代词1.It’sthreeyearssincehelefthere.2.Howfarisitfromheretothestation?3.Itwasveryquietinthegarden.4.⑴.It’sverycoldtoday.⑵.It’s37℃today.5.Ifit’sconvenientIcancome.Icannothelpit.没办法了。.“How’sitgoing？”“well，notsogood.”用于指时间用于指距离用于指环境用于指天气等自然现象用于笼统地谈论某情况takeiteasy;makeit;footit;stopit;catchit;havehadit… 基本用法。当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾：⑴Isitnecessarytodoso？⑵Idon’tthinkitisanygoodarguingwithhim.(3)Itdoesn’tmatterwhatshesays.几种特殊的形式主语1.用作动词look、seem、appear、happen、occur、follow等的主语（后接that从句或asif从句）：①Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.②It（so）happenedthatIhadnomoneywithme.用作形式主语 用作形式主语2.Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，certain....)that.....该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定．．．）”　是主语从句最常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.3.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形）Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.Itisstrangethatheshouldspeaktohismotherinsucharudeway. 用作形式主语4.Itissaid(reported,hoped,learned,believed...)that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，希望，据悉．．．）”。Itissaidthathehasgoneabroad.Itisreportedthatonemanwaskilledinthedesertadventure.5.Itissuggested/advised(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded/proposed...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省；常译为“据建议；有命令……）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours. 用作形式主语6.Itisapity(ashame...)that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾.7.Itistime(hightime)that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟．②有时也用should+动词原形，should不能省，常译为“是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．”Itistimethatchildrenshouldgotobed.=Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed. 用作形式主语8.Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换．常译为“是第一（二）……次……”。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.Thatwasthethirdtimethatyouhadmadethesamemistake. 用作形式宾语基本用法：当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾补时,就应在宾补前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句末,即“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正宾语”这样的结构，:①Wefounditdifficulttopersuadeher.②Ourschoolmakeitarulethatallthestudentsweartheschooluniformonthecampus.几种特殊的形式宾语,其后没有宾补：⑴由于介词后通常不能直接跟从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句个别介词（主要是but和except）也可接that从句作宾语：①Youmaydependonitthathewillturnupintime.②I’llseetoitthatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostofficebeforetwelve. 用作形式宾语⑵有的动词由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。①Shewon’tlikeitifyouarrivelate.②Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbikewithoutfirstaskingforhispermission.能这样用的动词不多，主要有enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等表示情感的动词。⑶用于haveit(that)…（说…是真的、认为）,takeit(that)（设想，认为）等固定表达中:①Itakeit(that)youagree.②Reporthasitthatabout30peoplewerekilledintheaccident. Itfor"emphasis"强调句型复习 用于强调句型Itbe+被强调部分+that...该句型是强调句型。可以强调除谓语以外的其它成分，将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后。强调的部分是人时也可用who/whom换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 ImetTomintheparkyesterday.1)ItwasIwho/thatmetTomintheparkyesterday.2)ItwasTomwho/whom/thatImetintheparkyesterday.3)ItwasintheparkthatImetTomyesterday.4)ItwasyesterdaythatImetTominthepark.Itwasfiveo’clock_________Igothome.Itwasatfiveo’clock_______Igothome.用于强调句型It+be+被强调部分+that/whothatwhen ①Itwasatthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.Itwasthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.theoneItwasourteacher________didtheexperimentinthelablastnight.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whereItwastenyearsago________MissGaoreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as对比练习BCBA ④Itwas______hesaid_____disappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what⑤Itwasforthisreason________herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.how对比练习AC 1.句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。2.be动词的形式是is或was，不能用复数形式are或were。A.It___theChinesewomenthat___agreatroleinthesocialistconstruction.Ais;playsBare;playCis;playDare;playsB.__alltheseexercises____allofuscandotomorrow.AItis;thatBItwas;thatCTheyare;whichDItwillbe;thatCA强调句型注意事项 3.连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，既可用that也可用who.特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用when或where。Itwasatthegate________hetoldmethenewsA.thatB.whatC.whichD.whenA强调句型注意事项 ItisMarywhooften_____(help)mewithmyEnglish.ItisIthat__________(be)againstyou.ItistheboystudentsofClassTwowho_______(be)playingfootballontheplayground.ItisMrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,that____inChinanow.AareBisCwasDwerehelpsamareB主谓一致问题强调句型注意事项 1.Hedidn’tcomebecausehewasill.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcome.从句的强调句型（注意：被强调的原因状语从句只能用because/becuaesof引导，不能用as或since引导)2.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so3._____thepeople____havebecomethemastersoftheircountry_____sciencecanreallyservethepeople.A.Itisonlywhen;that;whereBTheyare;/;whenC.Itisonlywhen;/;thatDItwaswhen;that;thenBC 1.Shedidn’tgotobeduntilherfathercameback.Itwasuntilherfathercamebackthatshedidn’tgotobed.Notuntilherfathercamebackdidshegotobed.Itwasnot(wasn’t)untilherfathercamebackthatshewenttobed.not…until的强调句型强调“not…until”引导的时间状语时，要用“itis/wasnotuntil…that…”结构,，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。 一般疑问句的强调1.----Was____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?----No,itwasn’t.A.ityouB.notyou　C.youD.thatyourself2.----"Wasn"titDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?-----_______.A.Ididn"tknowhewas.　　B.Yes,itwas.C.No,hewasn"t.D.Yes,hedid.3.Wasitin1969________theAmericanastronautsucceeded________landingonthemoon?A.when;onB.that;on　C.when;inD.that;inABDIs/Was+it+that+句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。简单的答语为：“Yes,itis/was.”或“No,itisn’t/wasn’t.” 特殊疑问句的强调句型1.Howdidyouforgettolockthedoor?Itwashowthatyouforgettolockthedoor?Howwasitthatyouforgottolockthedoor?疑问词+is/wasitthat…2.Ireallydon’tknow_____Ihadmymoneystolen.AwherewasitthatBwhenitisthatCwhereitwasthatDitwaswherethatC强调的疑问词引导从句，用陈述语气 It句型辨析It+be+时间+when…;It+be+时间+since…It+be+时间+that…;It+be+时间+before…Itisthreeyears_______hisfatherpassedaway.Itwasalready11o‘clock_________wegothome.Itwasat5o’clock_______hepractisedplayingtheviolininthemorning.Itwas5o’clock______westartedoutinthemorning.Itwillbeyears_______wemeetagain.Itwasintheearlymorning________wefinishedourworkItwas(not)long_________thepolicearrived.sincewhenthatwhenbeforethatbefore 高考真题精选1.Luckily,_____happenedtobeaforeignteacher.A.itB.thereC.theyD.that2.Youshouldmake______aruletoleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.A.itB.thatC.youD.this3.___isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What4.IwantverymuchtobuyacolorTVset,butIcan’tafford___A.itB.oneC.thisD.thatBABB 5.Ishouldprefer___ifyoudidn’tgotherealone.A.itB.thatC.youD.which6.Heisalwaysreallyrude,___iswhypeopleavoidhim.A.thatB.itC.thisD.which7.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,but___remainstobeseenwhethertheywillenjoyit.A.thatB.itC.thisD.which8.Dearme!Justlookatthetime.Ihadnoidea__wassolate.A.itB.asC.thatD.what9.______ishardistodogoodallone’slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.WhatADBAD高考真题精选 高考真题精选10.___ishardtodogoodallone’slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What11._____doesn’tseemtohavebeenmuchdifficultyinsolvingtheproblemA.ItB.ThatC.ThereD.He12.Ican’trememberaChristmaswhen____snowedsomuch.A.itB.thatC.whatD.theweather13.Itwasnot___shetookoffherdarkglasses____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;thenBCAB 14.Tom‘smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,(but___didn’thelp),_____didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it15.As___happens,Ihavebroughtmyumbrellawithme.A.itB.thisC.thatD.such16.___hasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.This17.Itwassevenforty-five___hefinishedthework.A.whenB.thatC.whenD.beforeDAAA高考真题精选B 18.Wasitbecauseitsnowedlastnight___hedidn‘tcome?A.whyB.thatC.whenD.which19.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_______Iwillalwaystreasure.A.thatB.itC.oneD.what20.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,making___themostpopularsportintheworld.A.whichB.thisC.thatD.it21.Itworriedabit___herhairwasturninggray.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forBCDB高考真题精选