浙江广播电视大学现代远程教育专科《英语语法》课程重,难点 32页

浙江广播电视大学现代远程教育专科《英语语法》课程重、难点u-2冠词4I.重难点提示冠词置于名词之前,用来说明名词所指的人或事物,它不能离开名词而单独存在.英语冠词有:1)定冠词:主要功用为“特指”,表示同类中的某一人或某一类人和物.2)不定冠词:为“泛指”,指某类人或物中的任何一个或某一个.3)零冠词:它是名词之前一种无形的冠词,用在一般所谓的不用冠词(定冠词与不定冠词)的场合.有三类名词前使用零冠词：复数可数名词，不可数名词（用单数形式）及专有名词。本章要求熟记与冠词有搭配关系的常用习语以及一些不用冠词的固定词组。重点学习“定冠词+单数形式的名词”的类指；不定冠词用于物质名词；不定冠词用于抽象名词、形容词最高级及序数词；不定冠词的位置；零冠词用于名词、零冠词用于“零冠词+带定语的名词”结构。II.解题指导Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:1.Henryplays_______,buthisbrotherpreferstoplayfootball.A.pianoB.thepianoC.apianoD.pianos答案是B。定冠词+单形名词（常指动植物、文化设施、乐器、度量衡单位等）常表示“一类”，该句的名词是“钢琴（乐器）”，因此在单数形式的前面要加定冠词。2．Canyougiveme_____chance,please?答案是A。一般来说，在序数词前加上定冠词表示顺序，排第几位。加上不定冠词表示“又、再”之意，该句的序数词在句中并无与其他事物一一排比的含义，而且表示“再、又”的意思，所以选用不定冠词。3.EvenonSundays,fewerpeoplegoto_____churchthanbefore.A.theB.aC./D.that答案是C.“gotochurch”是“去做礼拜”这类不用冠词的固定词组还有“gotobed”,“gotowork”,“gotoschool”,“gotoclass等.4._____universeisnolonger_______mysterytous.A.A….aB.The….theC.An…..aD.The…..a答案是D.表示在世界上独一无二的事物时需用定冠词,如:thesun,themoon,theearth.Thesky,theworld,theuniverse(宇宙).该题第二个空显然应该填不定冠词“a”,表示“一个”的意思.III.综合练习(A).Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences1.We’vealreadyworkedfor_______hour.A.theB.aC.anD./2.Hissonalwaysgetsuplatein_______.A.anymorningB.amorningC.morningD.themorning3.Thatdeskismadeof______.A.woodB.awoodC.somewoodsD.thewood4.Johnis______universitystudent.A.someB.anyC.aD.an5._______moonmovesaround________earth.A.The…anB.The…theC.A….AnD.The…a32 6.______People’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.A./B.TheC.AD.An7.Thisis____onlyexampleIcangiveyou.A.aB.theC.anD./8._______isneededfor_____productionofironandsteel.A.Thecoal…aB.Thecoal….theC.Coal…aD.Coal…the9.Theysetupaschoolfor_____.A.thedeafandthedumbB.adeafandadumbC.deafanddumbD.adeafanddumb10.Mostof____boysinourschoolarefondof___sports.A.the…/B./…theC.the…theD./…/11.Ihavetoldhim____tobepolite.A.amuchtimeB.muchatimeC.amanytimeD.manyatime12.Weplayedtwodrawstheotherday,butwhenItried_____time,Iwasbeaten.A.thethirdB.athirdC.athreeD.thethree13.Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybecauseIhadgot______.A,headacheB.aheadacheC.theheadacheD.anheadache14.Motherdoesmostof_______athome.A.thecleaningB.cleanC.cleaningD.acleaning15.Aforeignlanguageisaweaponin_______.A.struggleoflifeB.struggleofthelifeC.thestruggleoflifeD.thestruggleofthelife16.Iwonderwhy_____aresofondofactionfilms.A.thepeopleB.peoplec.peoplesD.thepopulation17.______hasjusttakenhisfirststepinto________.A.Man….thespaceB.Theman….thespaceC.Theman…spaceD.Man….space18.Januaryis_______monthoftheyear.A.firstB.afirstC.anfirstD.thefirst19.Myyoungerbrotherlikestoplay______.A.thetabletennisB.tabletennisC.atabletennisD.antabletennis20.TheLongMarchbeganin_____.A.theOctober,1934B.aOctober,1934C.October,1934D.anOctober,1934(B)Fromthefourunderlinedpartsineachofthefollowingsentenceschoosetheonethatiswrong:1.TherewasanewsontheradiothismorningabouttheearthquakeinJapan.ABCD2.TomandMaryaretravelingintheEuropenow.TheyplantovisitGermany,FranceandSpain.ABCD3.Beijingisoneofmostbeautifulcitiesintheworld.32 ABCD4.WeallthinkthatJohnisoneofcleverestpupilsinhisclass.ABCD5.Irisisveryforgetfulandsosheworriesgreatdeal.ABCD6.Radioandtelevisionareaimportantpartofourdailylivestoday.ABCD7.Televisionisthemostmoderninstrumentofcommunication,andgivesussoundandpictureABatsametime.CD8.Sincebeginningofman’slifeontheearth,humanbeingshaveproducedwastematerials.ABCD9.Foryears,youngchildrenattheschoolinwesterncountrieshavebeenlearningtocountwiththeABChelpoftheabacus.D10.Educationinnotanend,butthemeanstoanend.ABCD11.It’spitythatsuchawisemanasheshouldinsistonthepoint.ABCD12.MarytaughtEnglishinanuniversitytenyearsago.ABCD13.LastweekIheardalectureonaChinesehistory.ABCD14.Mybrotherworksinafactory.Afactoryisverybig.ABCD15.Thebreadandthebutterseemedmoredeliciousthananythinghehadevereatenbefore.ABCD©Insertappropriatearticlesintheblanksofthefollowingpassageswherenecessary:PassageoneWhenforeignerscometoChinafor1firsttime,theyarealwayssurprisedby2numberofbicycleson3roads.Chinahasmorecycliststhananyothercountryin4world.Because5roadsaresocrowdedwithbicycles,itisveryimportantfor6cycliststoremember7trafficrulesandregulations.Beforeyourideyourbicycleon8roads,youmustregisteritandget9numberforit.Thisnumberwillbeon10plateonyourbicycle.PassagetwoOnedayin1winterof1608,Galileohad2letterfrom3friendin4Holland.32 “Sometimeago,”hisfriendwrote,“5Dutchmanheremade6newkindofinstrument.Theman’snameisLippershey.YesterdayIsaw7instrumentfor8firsttime.Ithas9speciallensinit.WhenIlookedthroughit,everythinglookedbigger,andnearertome.Icouldseequiteclearly10faceof11personmorethanfiftymetresaway.”PassageThreeIn1967,1groupofscientistsnoticedstrangeradiosignalsfrom2space.When3scientistsfirstheardthem,theydidnottell4newspapersanythingabout5matter,incase6publicwerefrightened.Peoplearealwaysafraidof7strangethingsfromspace,andeven8scientistscouldnotunderstandwhatthesesignalswere.Thesignalswereregular,andcamefrom9partof10skywheretherewasnoknownstar.Theycameatshortintervalsofwither0.033or3.5seconds.11Scientistswerepuzzledbecause12signalsweresoregular.Answerstou-2III.综合练习(A)1—20CDACB/BBDAA/DBBAC/BDDBC(B)1—15BBBCD/BDAAC/ABDAB(C)passageA(1—10)1.the2.the3.the4.the5.the6./7.the8.the9.a10.apassageB(1—11)1.the2.a3.a4./5.a6.a7.the8.the9.a10.a11.apassageC(1—12)1.a2./3.the4.the5.the6.the7./8.the9.a10.the11.The12.theu-3代词I.重难点提示32 代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词等。本章要求学生掌握多种代词的形式和用法，特别是人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词和不定代词。注意all,everyone,each的区别；any与some的区别；everybody,everyone,one的区别；noone与none的区别；both与two的比较；other与another的比较。II.解题指导Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences1.Shehaslost_________pen.Willyoulendher________?A.her…yourB.hers…yoursC.her…yoursD.yours…hers答案是C.此题要求正确区分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。形容词物主代词my,your,her等是限定词，必须始终放在名词之前，作定语用，如此句中的第一个空“她的钢笔”；而名词性物主代词可以起名词作用，可以作主语、宾语等等，此句中的第二个空显然应该填“yours”，在句中作及物动词“”的lend宾语。2._______mustbethereatseveno’clock.A.You,heandIB.You,IandheC.He,youandID.He,Iandyou答案是A。英语中为了客气的缘故，人称代词单数的词序通常是：youandI;youandhe;you,heandI。但在承认什么过错时，通常将第一个人称单数放在前面。为：Iandhearetoblame.3.Ihavetwopencils,but_______ofthemcanbefoundnow.A.noneB.neitherC.oneD.all答案是B。“none”用于两者以上的否定；而只限于两者的否定应该用“neither”，在这个意义上，neither和both相对，none与all相对。另外，肯定句中与neither相应的用词是either。4.Isthere______whowouldliketogowithme?A.someoneB.somebodyC.anyoneD.anyone答案是D。someone一般用于肯定句中，anyone用于疑问句或否定句中。另外，anyone与anybody,somebody,everybody一样，都不能分开写。III.综合练习(A).Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences1.______talkedtoeachother.A.HeB.SheC.TheyD.It2.Ihavefourbrothers.OneisinBeijing,and_______areinShanghai.A.anotherB.otherC.theotherD.theothers3.Heisgreatfriendof_______A.myownB.mineC.meD.myself4.Becareful!Don’tcut_________withthenewknife.A.yourselfB.youC.yourD.yours5.Weareinterestedin_______.A.hecomesB.hecomingC.he’scomingD.hiscoming6.Theytalkedabouttheproblemamong_______.A.themB.eachotherC.themselvesD.themselves7.Itwas________whodidit.A.weB.ourC.usD.ours8.Johnisfatherthan_______ofthebetterboysinclass.Heisthefattest.32 A.someB.anyC.thatD.many9.______ofthemhasabedroomandastudy.A.EveryB.BothC.AllD.Each10.Theteacherreadthenewwordscarefully,andwedid_______.A.suchB.sameC.thesuchD.thesame11.Wehavetodoitthisway,forthereareno________betteralternatives.A.otherB.anotherC.theanotherD.theother12.Thehallwasalmostempty.Therewere________peopleinit.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew13.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan_____ofAmerica.A.thisB.theseC.thoseD.that14.______doyouthinkistheheadmasterofthisschool?A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoD.Whom15.Therearetwomapsonthewall.OneisamapofChina,______isamapoftheworld.A.theotherB.otherC.anotherD.theanother16.______areyoungpeopleofNewChina.A.WetheseB.AllofusC.AllweD.Allamongus17.Theguestsupstairsare______.A.somefriendsofhisfatherB.somefriendsofhisfather’sC.hisfather’ssomefriendsD.someofhisfather’sfriend18.WeoftenspeakEnglishwith_______.A.usB.eachotherC.ourselvesD.ours19.Herparentsare_______workers.A.allB.bothC.eachD.eachother20.Thehouse_______isverynice,butthecompoundistoosmall.A.himselfB.herselfC.itselfD.oneself(B)Fromthefourunderlinedpartsineachofthefollowingsentenceschoosetheonethatiswrong:1.Thevisitorclaimedtobeafriendofyou.ABCD2.Itwashimwhobrokethewindow.ABCD3.Ifonedoesnotworkhard,youcan’texpecttosucceed.ABCD4.“Letmehelpyouwiththesuitcase.”“Thanks.Myselfcandoit.”ABCD5.Doyoustillrememberthelittlehousethatweoncelived.ABCD6.Ourteam,thatgotthefirstplacelastyear,wasbeatenthistime.ABCD7.Doyouwanttoknowwhatshesaiditbehindyourback?32 ABCD8.Theremustbesomeotherreasonsforhimrefusetohelp.ABCD9.Therearetalltreesandbeautifulflowersoneithersidesoftheriver.ABCD10.HecouldnotreadeveryofthebooksMarylenttohim.ABCD11.I’minterestedinmathematicsandtheirapplications.ABCD12.Ofcourse,weshallhavetoagreewithyouwhenyousaythatTomistallerthanABCanyboyinhisclass.D13.IfanyonehappenstocallonmewhenIamout,pleasedhavethemleaveanoteforABCDme.14.Canyoutellwetwothesecret?ABCD15.ThisisthemostimportantthingwhichIwanttotellyou.ABCD(C)Fillinthefollowingblanks.1.Withpersonalpronounsorpossessivepronouns:1)ThisisnotJohn’shouse;_______isacrossthestreet.2)Theymustdo_____duty,aswemustdo_______.3)Myclassmatesoftenhelp_____whenI’mintrouble.4)Oursquadleaderisalwaysreadytohelp______.5)Theelephantisproudofitself,for______hasabigstrongbody.2.Withreflexive-pronouns.1)Thesentence_______iswrong.2)Thegirlistooyoungtolookafter______.3)Pleasehelp_______tosometea.4)We_______willbuildtheworkshop.5)Onemustlearntolookafter______thesedays.3.Withreciprocalordemonstrativepronouns:1)Thestudentsofthisclasshelp______.2)TheclimateofBeijingisnotsodampas____ofChangsha.3)Healwayssitsinthe_______chair.4)AllIwanttosayis______“Youshouldhelpeachother.”5)Wearenot______foolsastobelievehim.4.With“all”,“each”,“every”,or“both”:1)______studentshouldcomeontime.2)______themeatwaseatenup.3)A:DoyouspeakGermanorFrench?32 B:Idon’tspeak_________.4)Therearetwodogsontheporch._______werefastasleep.5)Dividetheclassintotwosectionsoftenstudents____.1.With“other”,“theother”,“others,or“another”:1)Somelikesinging,_______preferdancing.2)AuntWanghastwosons.Oneisasoldier,and_____isanengineer.3)Thisballpendoesn’twork.Imustbuy_______one.4)Tenstudentsinourclassareboys,________aregirls.5)Idon’tlikethese.Canyoushowmeany______?2.With“neither…nor”,“no”,“noone”or“none”:1)Iftherewere______air,therewouldbenolivingthings.2)__________willtryitagain.3)Iriscaught_____thefirsttrain_______thesecondone.4)Howmanybooksarethereonthedesk?______.5)Ineedsomecarbonpaperbadlybutthereis______athand.3.With“any”,“some”,“anything”or“something”:1)Mr.Smithhasn’tgot________brothersinEngland.2)Thereis______wrongwithmybicycle.3)Ireadaboutitin_______book.4)Therewasscarcely______mentionedaboutthispoint.5)_____ofthesebooksarequiteuseful.Answerstou-3III.综合练习(A)1—20CDBAD/CABDD/ACDCA/BBBBC(b)1—1532 DCBCC/ABDCB/CDDAD©1.1)his2)their,ours3)me4)us5)it2.1)itself2)herself3)yourself4)ourselves5)oneself3.1)oneanother2)that3)some4)this5)such4.1)Every2)All3)either4)Both5)each5.1)others2)theother3)another4)theothers5)others6.1)no2)Noone3)neither…nor4)None5)none7.1)any2)something3)some4)anything5)Someu-4数词I.重难点提示数词是表示数量的词，数词的两个类型是基数词和序数词，前者表示“多少”；后者表示“第几”。本单元要求学生掌握基数词和序数词的用法；分数与小数及年、月、日、时刻的表示用法。II.解题指导Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences1.Hewrotea_______report.答案是B.two-thousand-word三个字用连字符（hyphen）连起来，构成一个复合名词，其中的thousand不加“s”。又如：aeleven-year-oldgirl（一个11岁的小女孩）；afive-yearplan（五年计划）；athree-dayjourney（三天的行程）。2.Thereare_______workersinourplant.答案是A。此句的意思是“我们工厂有4万名工人”。在英语中，hundred,thousand,million这些词用作确定数目时，不用复数形式，如：sixhundredmen,twothousandpounds。英语中没有“万”，一万是tenthousand(十千)。3.Itis9:35.It’s_______.答案是D。注意学会英语中的“钟点表示法”：9.30ninethirty或halfpastnine9.15ninefifteen或aquarterpastnine9.45nineforty-five或aquartertoten9.25ninetwenty-five或twenty-fivepastnine9.35ninethirty-five或twenty-fivetoten(少于30分的用“past”，表示几点过几分。多于30分钟的用“to”表示差几分几点。)4.261is______.A.twohundredssixty-oneB.twohundredsandsixty-oneC.twohundredandsixty-oneD.twohundredsixtyone32 答案是C。注意基数词的构成方式：1．21----99：先说十位数上的数，再说个位上的数，中间加连字号：如，23：twenty-three;89:eighty-nine.2.101----999先说百位数上的数，再加and，再加末位两位数（或末位数）。如233：twohundredandtwenty-three.I.综合练习(A)Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:1.TopaytributetoourbelovedPremierZhouEnlai,_______cametoTienMenSquareonApril5,1976.A.thousandpeopleB.thousandofpeopleC.thousandspeopleD.athousandpeople2.Thereare______inourclassroom.A.scoresofpeopleB.scoreofpeopleC.scoresofpeoplesD.scoreofpeople3.Thereare______inthebasket.A.dozeneggB.adozeneggC.adozenseggsD.adozeneggs4.5102is_______.A.fivethousandonehundredtwoB.fivethousandsonehundredandtwoC.fivethousandonehundredandtwoD.fivethousandsonehunaredandtwo5.Tellussomethingabout____,please.A.SecondInternationalB.TwoInternationalC.theSecondInternationalD.theSecondInternational6.Iwillnevergiveup,notevenon_____try.A.1000or10,000B.the1000or10,000C.1000thor10,000thD.the1,000thor10,000th7.WhenIsatdown,_____manrosetospeak.A.afourthB.fourthC.thefourD.four8.Itis12:55.It’s______.A.fivetotwelveB.fivetooneC.fiftyfivepasttwelveD.fifty-fivepastone9.7is______.32 9A.seven-ninthB.seven-ninthsC.ninths-sevenD.ninth-seven10.23is_________.5A.twothree-fifthB.twoandthreefifthsC.twoandthree-fifthD.twoandthree-fifths(B)Fromthefourunderlinedpartsineachofthefollowingsentenceschoosetheonethatiswrong:1.Overnine-tenthofChina’sinhabitantsbelongtotheHannationality.ABCD2.Thisroomisthreetimelargerthanthat.ABCD3.Itscapacitywas7.3timeasgreatasin1980.ABCD4.Threetimethreeisnine.ABCD5.Itsoutputofcottonwentupby20percents.ABCD6.It’sone-twentieththethicknessofahumanhair.ABCD7.Lastnightthetemperaturewasfivedegreesbelowzeroes.ABCD1.Therearethousandofbirdsinthiszoo.ABCD2.Thiscountryhasapopulationof300millionspeople.ABCD3.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionofpeopleintheworld.ABCDTheanswerstoU-4(A)1—10BADCC/DABBD(B)1—10BAAAD/ADBCCU-5----动词的时态（1）I.重难点提示在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或情况要用不同的动词形式表示，这种形式叫做“时态”32 。本单元要求学生掌握一般现在时（重点是单数第三人称He,She,It用作主语时动词词尾变化形式），现在进行时（be+V+ing），一般过去时（不规则动词的过去时为重点）及现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)的构成和用法，特别是一般现在时与现在进行时之间的比较及一般过去时与现在完成时之间的比较。I.解题指导Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences1.Greatchanges_____inBeijinginthepastthreeyears.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplacec.hastakenplaceD.havebeentakingplace答案是B。这个句子的意思是“在过去的三年中，北京发生了巨大的变化。”在过去的三年中包括现在，因此应该用现在完成时，表示动作从三年前到现在。此句的主语是“changes”故应选用have…;“takeplace”这一词组不能用被动形式，故此题答案只能选B。2.Where_____thestudentsofClassThree?They_____morningexercisesontheplaygroundnow.A.are,aredoingB.are,doC.were,aredoingD.were,did答案是A。这是一道选择正确时态搭配的题。一般现在时和现在进行时经常同在一个句子里使用。一般现在时表示习惯性的反复发生的动作或表示现在的状况。现在进行时则表示此刻（说话人说话时）正在进行的动作或状态。此句的意思是“三班的学生在那儿?他们现在正在操场上做早操。”因此，只能选择A项。3.Fouryears_____sinceI______thearmy.A.passed…joinedB.havepassed…havejoinedC.haspassed…joinedD.havepassed…joined答案是D。在由since（自从）引导的复合句中，时间状语从句一般用一般过去时；而其主句需用现在完成时，此复合句中的主句的主语是复数（Fouryears），故其选择答案是D，全句的意思是“自从我参军以来，四年过去了。”1.Marysuddenly_______illlastSunday,butnowshe______muchbetter.A.fell…feltB.falls…feelsC.fell…feelsD.fell…hasfelt答案是C。第一个空显然应该用一般过去时，因为句子有表示过去时的时间状语lastSunday；第二个空应该选用一般现在时，因为此句是说“现在她感觉好多了”，故正确的答案只能是C.II.综合练习(A)Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:1.Don’tturnoffthelight.I______areportnowA.wasreadingB.amreadingC.havereadD.read2.WhenIwasatschool,I______tothelibraryeveryday.A.goB.wasgoingC.havegoneD.went3.We______agoodswimlastSaturday.A.hadB.arehavingC.haveD.havehad4.Whilewe_____withthepresident,ourEnglishteachercamein.A.aretalkingB.havetalkedC.weretalkingD.talk5.Thenewbooks____yet.32 A.haven’tarrivedB.hasn’tarrivedC.didn’tarriveD.don’tarrive6.______youever______toShanghai?A.Did…goB.Were…beingC.Did…beD.Have….Been7.He______hislunch.A.hadB.havehadC.hashadD.ate8.What______you______from7to8yesterdayevening?A.Did…doB.was…doingC.were…doingD.have….Done9.Foryears,doctors______millionsofpatients’liveswiththehelpofmicroscopes.A.savedB.havesaved.C.hassavedD.weresaving10.IwassohappytoseeJohnagainlastSunday.We-----eachotherformorethantwoyears.A.haven’tseenB.hadn’tseenC.didn’tseeD.hasn’tseen11.We______threelessonsthismonth.A.havelearnedB.learnedC.haslearnedD.werehaving12.LiMing_____toschoolatseven,andhehasEnglishlessonsonMondaysandFridays.A.goB.goesC.wasgoingD.went13.Themoon_____smallerthantheearth.A.wasB.isbeingC.isD.were14.Thetrainfromthestation_____ontime.A.neverleavesB.wereneverleavingC.wasneverleavingD.neverleft15.I______toParisseveraltimes.A.wentB.havegoneC.havebeenD.wasgoing16.Don’ttalktome.I______tolearnthispoembyheart.A.tryB.triedC.wastryingD.amtrying17.AlicehaslivedinChinafortenyears,soshe______thelifehere.A.usedtoB.getusetoC.gousedtoD.hasgotusedto18.I’llbuyapairofshoesifthestore_______soon.A.openB.openedC.opensD.hasopened19.I______swimmingintheriverandIalwaysgotoswimwhenIcan.A.likedB.likeC.amlikingD.wasliking20.Myaunt_____toseeus.She’llbeheresoon.A.iscomingB.comesC.cameD.wascoming(B)Fromthefourunderlinedpartsineachofthefollowingsentenceschoosetheonethatiswrong:1.Myunclelivedinthiscitysince1980.ABCD2.EachpupilinmyclasshaveaChinesedictionary.ABCD3.Ilostmypen.Ihavetowritewithapencil.ABCD4.HangzhouisthemostbeautifulcityIsaw.ABCD5.IwishIcanspeakChinesesothatIcantalkdirectlywithyou.ABCD32 6.Therewasnobus.Ihavetowalkhome.ABCD7.Shehasreadthearticlelastweek.ABCD8.Whendoesheusuallygetsupeverymorning?ABCD9.Tomdoesnotgotobedearlyenoughlastnightsoshewastiredallmorning.ABCD10.Wesetupalotofuniversitiessince1949.wehavealsosetupaCentralABCDRadioandTelevisionUniversity.11.BynowOldWangworkedinthatfactoryfortwentyyears.ABCD12.ChristianityhasbecomeaworldwidereligionsinceithasbegunalmosttwoABCDthousandyearsago.13.NowthattheyhavesuccessfullypassedtheTOFEFL,thestudentswerereadytobeginABCDtheirclassesattheuniversity.14.Iaskedhimwhatiswrongwithhim.ABCD15.MyclassmatesandIhavevisitedtheMemorialHallofChairmanMaoyesterday.ABCD©Fillintheblankswithpropertenseformsoftheverbsgiveninbracker.PassageOneAjudgewasworkingIhisroomonedaywhenaneighbour1(run)inand2(say),“Ifoneman’scow3(kill)another’s,4(be)theownerofthefirstcowresponsible?”“It5(depend),”6(answer)thejudge.“well,”7(say)theman,“Yourcow8(kill)mine.”“Oh,”9(answer)thejudge.“Everyone10(know)thatacow11(canotthink)likeaman,soacow12(be)notresponsible,andthat13(mean)thatisitsowner14(be)notresponsibleeither.”“Iamsorry,Judge,”saidtheman.“I15(make)amis-take.I___16___(mean)thatmycowkilledyours.”Thejudge17(think)forafewsecondsandthensaid,“WhenI18(think)aboutitmorecarefullythiscaseisnotaseasyasI19(think)atfirst.“Andthenheturnedtohisclerkandsaid.“Please20(bring)methatblackbookfromtheshelfbehindyou.”PassageTwoMygrandmother1(live)withussincemygrand-father2(die)sixyearsago.She332 (use)tobeadoctor.She4(be)nearlyeightybutshe5(be)stillingoodhealth.Grandmother6(lead)asimplelife.She7(like)tohaveanearlybreakfastandshealways8(have)thesamethingforbreakfast:rice,fruitandcoffees.Afterbreakfastshe9(take)awalktobuythemorningpaper.She10(do)thiseverymorningforyearsandeverybodyinthestreet11(know)her.Grandmother12(notbe)verywellthismonth.She13(have)abadcoldforthelastfewweeks,and14(have)inbedforafewdays.I15(like)tohearher16(talk)aboutlifewhenshe17(be)agirl.She18(tell)usmanyfunnystories.Shealways19(say),“Life20(be)muchharderthenthanitistoday.”PassageThree1(look)atthepicture,please!We2(cansee)thatthedoctorandnurses3(operate)ontheeyesofthepatient.Aswe4(know),whenpeople5(be)ill,they6(go)tothedoctor.Sometimesthedoctor7(give)themmedicines,andtheseoften8(help).However,whenmedicines9(cannotsolve)theproblem,thedoctormust10(find)anotheranswer.Anoperationmay11(be)necessary.Doctors12(notperform)operations;surgeons(do).Foryears,surgeons14(perform)manydifferentkindsofoperations,and15(save)thelivesofmillionsofpatients.Inrecentyears,operations16(become)muchsaferthanthey17(be)inthepast.This18(be)partlybecausedoctorsandsurgeons19(learn)moreabouthygiene,andbecauseconditionsinhospital20(become)better.ANWERSTOU-5(a)1—20BDACA/DCCDA/ABCAC/DDCBA(b)1—15ADADB/BACAA/ACCBB(c)Passageone1.ran2.said3.kills4.is5.depends6.answered7.said8.haskilled9.answered10.knows11.cannotthink12.is13.means14.is15.made16.meant17.thought18.think19.thought20.bringPassagetwo1.haslived2.died3.used4.is5.is6.leads7.likes8.has9.takes10.hasdone11.knows12.hasnotbeen13.hashad14.hasbeen15.like16.talk17.was18.tells19.says20.wasPassagethree1.Look2.cansee3.areoperating4.know5.are6.go7.gives8.help9.cannotsolve10.find11.be12.donotperform13.do14.haveperformed15.havesaved32 16.havebecome17.were18.is19.havelearned20.havebecomeU-6----动词的时态（2）I.重难点提示本单元继续讲授动词的时态，要求学生重点掌握一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时、及过去完成时等7种常用时态的构成及用法。弄清一般将来时一将来进行时及将来完成时之间的区别；现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别；过去完成时的用法及其与过去完成时的区别。II.解题指导Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences1.Bytheendoflastweekwe____fivelessons.A.learnB.learnedC.havelearnedD.hadlearned答案是D。此题的意思是“到上周末，我们已经学习5课书了。”一定是在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作，这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词或一个时间状语从句来表示。因此D项选择的“过去完成时（hadlearned）是正确的。2.Cansheplaythepiano?Yes,shecan.She___________toplaythepianoforafewyears.A.hasbeenlearningB.learnsc.haslearnedD.islearning答案是A.此题的意思是“她会弹钢琴吗？会，她学弹钢琴已经有几年了？”表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，而且仍然在继续进行着，强调动作的“持续性”。现在完成时则强调动作的“结果”，这就是现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别。此题显然是说明她现在仍然继续弹钢琴，故现在完成进行时是对的。3.Theywantedtoknowwhenyou_____thearticle.A.willfinishB.wouldfinishC.waswritingD.wrote答案是B。此题的意思是“他们想知道你什么时候写完这篇文章”，句中“”是一般过去时，基于这个“时间点”来说。“写完”当然是未来的动作，故只能选表示“过去将来”概念的B项(would),注意过去将来时是表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。4.Tomisonholiday.Hehasverylittlemoneyandheisspendingtoomuchtooquickly.Beforetheendofhisholiday,he____allhismoney.A.spendB.hasspentC.willhavespentD.wouldspend答案是C。此题的意思是“汤姆正在度假。他钱不多，但花得很多很快。假期结束前他一定把钱都花光了”。据此意，应该选择将来完成时（shall/willhave+v-ed），表示在将来某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。III.综合练习(A)Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:1.JustasI______thehouse,thephone_______.A.wasleaving…rangB.wasleaving…wouldringC.left…hadrungD.hadleft…wouldring32 2.Theguidetoldusthatanincident______herein1925.A.wastakenplaceB.wastakingplaceC.wouldtakeplaceD.hadtakenplace3.Theteacher______itwasimportanttoknowEnglishgrammar.A.isalwayssayingB.wasalwayssayingC.hadalwayssaidD.hasalwayssaid4.I_______toXi’anthistimetomorrow.A.wasflyingB.amflyingC.willbeflyingD.wouldfly5.Ourmusicteacherplayedthepianowhilewe_______.A.havesungB.hadsungC.weresingingD.wouldsing6.Themanwho______intothehousewastakentoprison.A.hadbrokenB.hasbrokenc.willbreakD.breaks7.Bythistimetomorrowthey______themachine.A.wouldrepairB.willrepairC.willberepairingD.willhaverepaired8.Ihopewe________theinstructionsreadybeforeyoucometomorrow.A.wouldgetB.willhavegotC.aregoingtogetD.havegot9.LastmonthsomeChinesescientistswenttoPrincetontoseeDr.Smith._______theresince1980.A.hasbeenteachingB.hadbeenteachingC.isteachingD.wasteaching10.Pleasewakehimup.He______for4hours.A.issleepingB.wassleepingC.hadbeensleepingD.hasbeensleeping11.Thebell______beforetheclassbegan.A.hadbeenringingB.hasbeenringingC.isringingD.wasringing12.Wewereratherbusythen.We________preparationsfortheentranceexam.A.wasmakingB.weremakingC.aremakingD.willbemaking13.Ifthey________,they_________hereverysoon.Thelastbususually_____byattwentytoten.A.arecoming,willbe,goesB.come,willbe,willgoC.willcome,are,goesD.willcome,willbe,willgo14.He________ShanghaiforfiveyearsbeforehecametoBeijing.A.wasworkingB.hasworkedC.hadworkedD.wouldwork]15.I______thepianoateighto’clockyesterdayevening.A.ampracticingB.practiseC.practicedD.waspracticing16.We_________eighteenlessonsbytheendofthistern.A.havestudiedB.hadstudiedC.willbestudyingD.willhavestudied32 17.He_______abook,andnowheneedsaholiday.A.hasbeenwritingB.hasbeenwritingC.willbewritingD.waswriting18.Thewomanwiththeredumbrella_____toseeyousince8o’clockthismorning.Canyouseehernow?A.hadbeenwaitingB.hasbeenwaitingC.iswaitingD.waits19.BythetimeShanghaiwasliberated,he_______inthisfactoryfortenyears.A.hasworkedB.hasbeenworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.wouldwork20.It________fortwodays.Thefields_______allunderwater.A.hasrained,wereB.israining,wasc.hadbeenraining,wereB.hadbeenraining,were(B)Fromthefourunderlinedpartsineachofthefollowingsentenceschoosetheonethatiswrong:1.Hehadbeenworkinghardallthismorningandisabsolutelyexhaustednow.2.Welivedinthishouseforthreeyearsbeforemyfatherdecidedtohaveusmovetoanewneighborhood.3.NexttimeIgothere,Iwouldaskthemaboutit.4.IletyouhavethebookwhenI’mthrough.5.AtthattimesheisworkinginaPLAunit.6.Liberationputanendtothemiserablelifewelive.7.IhadbeenhopingI’dhaveachancetoseethefilm.8.Bythistimenextyearwewouldhaveturnedallthelandintoricefields.9.Iwon’tbefreeFridaymorning.I’llbeseeingafriendoff.10.Ihopeyouwouldsendheroversoon.11.Thecarwillgoatthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountain.12.Iamtootiredtogotothefilm.Ihavewateredvegetablesallday.13.Hewasragingfuriouslybecausehefoundthattheyleftwithouthim.14.Atlasttheygotthetelegramtheyhaveexpected.15.Itwasadarknight.Thewindwasblowinghardandtherainfellheavily.Ayoungwomansuddenlyappearedontheriverbank.(C)Fillintheblankswithpropertenseformsoftheverbsgiveninbrackets:PassageATheotherday,whileI1（shop）inthestore,I2(meet)LiYing,anoldfriendofmine.We3(notsee)eachotherforalongtime,sincewe4(leave)schoolwe5(be)overjoyedtoseeeachother.LiYing6(say)he7(work)inafactorysincegraduation.Healso8(tell)methathe9（come）toourtownforameetingand10(stay)inahotelnear,andhe11(ask)metogoandseehim.I12(say)I13(go)assoonasI14(have)time.PassageDSomepeople1(be)pessimisticwhenthey2(think)aboutthefuture.They3(say)that,ahundredyearsfromnow,we4(use)mostoftheearth’sresources.We5(pollute)ourseasbadly,they6(say),andbeunabletoeatfishfromthem.We7(make)theairsodirtythatwe8(need)towearmasks.Theworld’spopulation932 (double)andwe10(use)allthecountrysideforhousing;there11(be)nofarmleft.Otherpeople12(believe)thatManadaptsveryveryeasily.They13(have)adifferentideaofthefuture.How,intheirview,people14(live)inahundredyears’time?PassageCForthelastthreedaysI1(work)harddecoratingournewhouse.Whenwemovedinthreedaysago,everythingwasinamess,butnowI2(almostfinish)thejob.TodayI3(work)sincebreakfastand4(not,have)anythingtoeat.Anne5(bring)measandwichanhouragobutI6(tell)hernottocomeintothekitchen.I7(never,forget)what8(happen)severalyearsagowhenshetriedtohelpme.I9(not,have)manyaccidentssincethenbutAnne10(often,warm)metobecareful.She11(warm)meagainthismorningatbreakfast-time,butI12(work)forfourhoursandnothing13(go)wrong.NowI14(drop)thetinofpaint.Hasanythinglikethateverhappenedtoyou?TheanswerstoU-6(A)1—201.A2.D3.B4.C5.C6.A7.D8.B9.B10.D11.A12.B13.A14.C15.D16.D17.A18.B19.C20.C(B)1—151.A2.A3.C4.A5.C6.D7.A8.B9.B10.B11.A12.C13.D14.D15.D(C)passageA1.wasshopping2.met3.hadn’tseen4.left5.were6.said7.hadbeenworking8.told9..hadcome10.wasstay11.asked12.said13.wouldgo14.hadpassageB1`.are2.think3.say4.willhaveused5.willhavepolluted6.say7.willhavemade8.willneed9.willhavedoubled10.willhaveused11.willbe12.believe13.have14.willbelivingpassageC1.havebeenworking2.havealmostfinished3.havebeenworking4.havenothad5.brought6.told7.haveneverforgotten8.happened9.havenothad10.hasoftenwarned11.warmed12.havebeenworking13.hasgone14.havedropped32 U-7thepassivevoiceI.重难点提示英语语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和宾语之间的关系.语态分为主动语态和被动语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象.本单元要求学生掌握七种时态形式的被动语态结构及用法;掌握带短语动词及带情态动词的被动语态;掌握含有两个宾语的主动结构变为被动结构、含有复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构以及被动语态与过去分词作表语之间的区别。II.解题指导Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:1.Hewasmade____everything.A.totellB.tellCtellingD.told答案是A。感官动词（hear,watch,feel,notice）和使役动词（have,make,let）在主动句中要求用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动句中须接带to的不定式作主语补语。2.Nobodycananticipatewhenthenewworldwar_____.A.willbebrokenoutB.isbrokenoutC.wasbrokenoutD.willbreakout答案是D。“breakout”是不及物动词词组，故不能用于被动语态。英语中，在下列情况下，主动句一般不能变为被动句：1，当谓语是及物动词suffice,last,fail,flee,befall,resemble,become,fit,suit,lack等，或者是不可拆开的动宾结构如：takeplace,loseheart,changecolor,setsail,keepguard等时。2，当宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语、不定式、动名词等时；或是虚词it如:catit,footitshakeone’shead等。3.Thegroundwascovered_______snow.A.byB.withC.onD.in答案是B。此题的意思是“满地都是雪。”这里是用过去分词（covered）作表语，表示状况，而不是被动语态，故只能用介词with。同样的用法又如：(1)Thetreesarecoveredwithfruits.（树上结满果子。）。(2)Theskyiscoveredwithgreyclouds.（天空中乌云密布。）4.Thischildneeds________.A.beinglookedafterB.lookedafterC.lookingafterD.tolookafter答案是C。英语中有些动词后接动名词，尽管表示的是被动的意思，却用动词的主动形式，这些动词是want,need,require,deserve等。这几个动词还可以接动词不定式的被动形式，表示的意思相当。该句也可改为：Thechildneedstobelookedafter.III.综合练习(A)Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:1.Thework_______soon.A.finishesB.willbefinishedC.hasfinishedD.willfinished2.TheGreatWall_______allovertheworld.A.wasknownB.wasknewC.isknownD.isknew3.Letmeshowyouroundourpowerstation.It_____lastyear.A.hascompletedB.completedC.completeD.wascompleted4.Nowthesemagazines_____inthelibraryforalongtime.32 A.havekeptB.hadkeptC.havebeenkeptD.werekept5.Isawyourbrotherwhenhe______tohospitalaftertheaccident.A.beingtakenB.wasbeingtakenC.hasbeentakenD.betaken6.Manynewoilfields______uponeafteranotherinourcountry.A.willbeopenedB.hasopenedC.openD.isbeingopened7.Muchattentionmust________tothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.A.payB.topayC.bepaidD.havepaid8.Iwouldn’tobjectto_____somequestions.A.beaskedB.beaskingC.askD.beingasked9.TheParty’spolicy________.A.hasbeensuccessfullycarriedoutB.hasbeensuccessfullycarriedC.havebeensuccessfullycarriedoutD.hassuccessfullycarried10.Shewasadvised_____themedicine.A.takingB.totakeC.takeD.took11.Thechildren_____bythenurse.A.aretakengoodcareB.havetakengoodcareofC.aretakengoodcareofD.willtakegoodcare12.Themeeting______inRoom121tomorrowmorning.A.isheldB.washeldC.willholdD.willbeheld13.Heisknown_______anadvancedworker.A.tobeB.beC.beingD.is14.XiaoLilikes______harderwork.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.beinggiven15.Hediditwithout_______.A.toaskB.askingc.beingaskedD.tobeasked16.Thenewunbreakableplatecaneven_______overaflame.A.hotB.behotC.heatD.beheated17.Allkindsofvegetables______inthefreemarket.A.canbuyB.canbeboughtC.isboughtD.willbuy18.MayIuseyourtypewriter?Mine______.A.isbeingrepairedB.isbeingrepairingC.hasrepairedD.arerepaired19.Theseengines_____byhand,nowthey_____byelectricity.A.usedtobestarted,arestartedB.usedtostart,arestartedC.usedtobestarted,startD.usedtostart,start20.Somebooksweregiven________himbyateacher.(B)Changetheverbsinthefollowingsentencesintothepassiveform.1.Manystudentsarereadingthisbook.2.Theteachersandthestudentsaremakinganimportantexperiment.3.Whowrotethisstory?4.Whowilllookafterthechildren?5.Whicharticledidyoursistertranslate?32 1.Theyknowthatheisanexpert.2.Wefoundallourseatsoccupied.3.IhopethatI’llbepromoted.]4.Noonehaseverequalledyourrecord.5.Theworkerswilldotheexperiment.6.Afamousprofessorgaveusatalkyesterdayafternoon.7.Everystudentcanhearustheteacherinthebigclassroom.8.Sofar,manhasusedonlyasmallpartoftheenergyofthesun.9.Peoplethinkthatheiscoming.10.Wemusttakefulladvantageoftheexcellentsituationofbothathomeandabroad.(C)Fillintheblanksusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsgiveninbrackets.PassageoneThesunusthesourceofmostformsofenergy.Itsendsenergytotheearthmostlyintheformofhearandlight.Butsofar,onlyasmallpartofitsenergy1(use)byman.Energy2(canchange)intodifferentforms.Forexample,asteamenginechangesenergyincoalintomechanicalenergy.Themechanicalenergy3(change)byadynamo()intoelectricalenergy.Theelectricalenergy,inturn,4(canchange)intodifferentformsofenergy,suchaslightenergy,heatenergyandsoundenergy.Theformsofenergy5(maychange),butenergy6(canneverdestroy).Alltheformsofenergy7(widelyuse)inourcountry.PassagetwoSatellitescan1(use)formanythings.Theycan2(observe)theweathermovementsfromthousandsofmilesabovetheearth;andwecan3(findout)fromsatellitepictureswhereisoilorgold.Theycan4(guide)shipsandplanes.Inaddition,TVprogrammescan5(send)bysatellite.Andinternationalphonecallscanalso6(send).Infuture,newsintheUSAorEuropewill7(learn)inChinaafewminutesafteritismadepublic.Satelliteswillalso8(use)bynewspapers.Apageofpapermay9(make)inthenorthofChina.Thenapictureofthepagemay10(send)bysatellitetothesouthofChina.Theofficeinthesouthwillbeableto11(public)thenewspaperfromthepicture.PassagethreeTheworldfamousQinShiuang’sTerracottaWarriors1(canvisit)35kilometreseastofXi’an.Awholearmyofthousandsoflife-sizedwarriorsandtheirhorsesandchariots2(find)inlargepits.PitNo.I3(discover)byfarmersinMarch1974andPitsNos.2and3inAprilandMay1976.Thewarriors4(make)ofclayandeachhasadifferentface.Theyareabout1.80mhighandweigh150kg.Eachwarrior5(paint)inbrightcolours.Whenthey6(uncover)theyhadrealbronzeweaponsandwoodenchariots.Someoftheseweaponsandthechariots7(put)inspecialroomswhich8(canvisit)bytouristsaftertheyhaveseenthewarriors.Theanswerstou-7(A)1—201.B2.C3.D4.C5.B6.A7.C8.D9.A10.B32 11.C12.D13.A14.D15.C16.D17.B18.A19.A20.D(b)1.Thisbookisbeingreadbymanystudents.2.Animportantexperimentisbeingmadebytheteachersandstudents.3.Bywhomwasthisstorywritten?4.Bywhomwillthechildrenbelookedafter?5.Whicharticlewastranslatedbyyoursister?6.Heisknowntobeanexpert.OrItisknownthatheisanexpert.7.Allourseatswerefoundoccupied.8.Ihopetobepromoted.9.Yourrecordhasneverbeenequaled.10.Theexperimentwillbedonebytheworkers.11.Weweregivenatalkbyafamousprofessoryesterdayafternoon.12.Theteachercanbeheardbyeverystudentinthebigclassroom.13.Soforonlyasmallpartoftheenergyofthesunhasbeenusedbyman14.Heisthoughttobecoming.OrItisthoughtthatheiscoming15.Theexcellentsituationbothathomeandabroadmustbetakenfulladvantageof.Or:Fulladvantagemustbetakenoftheexcellentsituationbothathomeandabroad.(C)Passageone1.hasbeenused2.canbechanged3.ischanged4.canbechanged5.maybechanged6.canneverbedestroyed7.willbewidelyusedpassagetwo1.beused2.observe3.findout4.guide5.besent6.besent7.belearned8.beused9.bemade10.besent11.publishPassagethree1.canbevisited2.arefound3.wasdiscovered4.aremade5.waspainted6.wereuncovered7.havebeenput8.canbevisitedu-8情态动词I.重难点提示情态动词表示说话人的语气或情态,它们与不带to的动词不定式连用,表示可能、许可、义务、推测等。本单元要求学生重点掌握主要情态动词can,could,may,might,must,haveto,should,oughtto,shall,will,dare,need,would等的用法。II.解题指导Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences1.____Mustwehandinourexercisestoday?_____No,you_______.32 A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.mayn’t答案是B。由must构成的疑问句的否定回答须用needn’t（不必），而不用mustn’t。2.Helookstired,he_____asleeplessnight.A.musthaveB.mustbeC.musthavehadD.musthavebeen答案是C。此句的意思是“看来他有些疲倦，一定是昨晚没睡好觉。”英语中，对过去某事的推测一定要用must加上完成时态的动词；对过去某事用否定式推测常用can’t加完成时态，如：Wedidnotseehimatthelectureyesterday,hecan’thaveattendedit.3.Asshetiredherbest,she______finishtheworkaheadofschedule.A.couldB.wasabletoC.canD.isableto答案是A。句中的beabletofinish等于managetofinish或succeedinfinishing，表示通过“能力”而不是“努力”而获得成就，通过“努力”的完成要用could。除此外，表示将来的“能够”时只能用willbeableto，不能用can。如：Theywillbeabletocomebackinhalfamonth.4.You______attheredlight.A.shouldstopB.wouldstopC.wouldhavestoppedD.shouldhavestopped答案是D。此句的意思是“你见了红灯本应该停车。”“should”后跟动词不定式（不带to）的完成式时指的是过去的事情，如果是肯定句，说明某件事本应该完成而未完成；如果否定句，表示发生了不应该发生的事，如：Youshouldnothavegonebacktoworkwithoutthedoctor’spermission.(你不应当未经医生许可就回去工作。)III.综合练习(A)Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences.1.You______doitevenifyoudon’twantto.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.haveto2.Lookwhatyou’vedone!You_____bemorecareful.A.mayB.shouldC.hadtoD.would3.You_____bringanumbrella;itisraining.A.wouldratherB.neednotCoughttoD.hadto4.You______makenoiseintheclassroom.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.neednotD.havenot5.Joeissowet,he_______intothelake.A.musthavefallenB.canhavefallenC.hadtofallD.neededtofall6.______stillforamoment,please?Iwanttotakeaphotographofyou.A.ShouldyoukeepB.AreyougoingtoC.WillyoukeepD.Areyoukeeping7.“Mustwedoitnow?”“No,you_____.”A.won’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.don’t8.Idon’tbelievehim,he______beserious.A.needn’tB.mayn’tC.mustn’tD.can’t9.Tom_____liketomeetthestudentsIourcollege.A.doesB.shouldC.wouldD.had10.Ihopeto______moretomorrow.A.beabletowriteB.cantowriteC.canwriteD.writes11.Mary_____anessayyesterday,sohecouldn’tcometothemeeting.32 A.mustwriteB.musthavewrittenC.oughttowriteD.hadtowrite12.Whosayshe____it?A.darenotdoB.darenottodoC.darednotdoD.daresnotodo13.SpeakEnglishtome,_____you?A.canB.couldC.willD.should14.-----Wedon’taccepttravellers’checkshere.-----_____havetocashthemsomewherenow?A.WillIB.ShallIC.CanID.CouldI15.Whatasurprise!Heispassedhisexams.He______hardthistime.A.muststudyB.maystudyC.shouldD.musthavestudied16.You______usupanytimeduringofficehours.A.couldringB.mayringC.mustringD.shouldring17.Thespeakersaidwe_______askhimanyquestion.A.mustB.mayC.mightD.Can18.You______yourumbrella.Wearegoingbytaxi.A.needn’tbringB.shouldn’tbringC.needn’thavebroughtD.wouldn’tbring19.It’sstrangethatit______sohottoday.A.isb.willbeC.shouldbeD.canbe20.______youhavewesternfoodorChinesefood,Mr.Smith.A.CouldB.WillC.CanD.Shall(B)Fromthefourunderlinedpartseachofthefollowingsentenceschoosetheonethatiswrong:1.Wemusthavetoworkreallyhardfromnowon.ABCD2.Youhavemadesomanymistakes.Youmaybecarefulnexttime.ABCD3.Heisverystrong.Hecanbeabletoworkforanotherhour.ABCD4.Youmustn’treadthatarticleifyoudon’twantto.ABCD5.Thestudentsthoughtthattheteachersmayhavealreadysetthepapersfortheexam.ABCD6.Hedarenottogoupthemountainalone.ABCD7.Heneedsdoitbutonce.ABCD8.Sheaskedwhethershecantakethebooksoutoftheroom.ABCD9.Hethoughtitmaybewisetotryhisluckthere.ABCD10.Hesaidhewouldn’tchangehismindwhatevertheycouldsay.ABCD11.Theyaresweatingallover.Theymustworkinthefields.ABCD12.Ihaven’tgotmykeys.Oh,Imustleavethemintheoffice.32 ABCD13.Notoneofthemdarementionthis.ABCD14.Progresscanbeslow,butitissure.ABCD15.That’sallsettled.Itcan’tbetalkedabout.ABCDTHEANSWERSTOU-8(A)1—20DBCAA/CBDCA/DACBD/BCCCB(B)1--15BCCAB/BBBCD/CCDDDU-9—非限定动词I.重难点提示非限定动词又称非谓语动词,即在句中不能单独作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制.非谓语动词有三种,即不定式、分词和动名词。本单元要求学员掌握三种非谓语动词的基本形式和用法；掌握不定式的被动式；不带的不定式；三种非谓语动词的复合结构（即带逻辑主语的不定式、分词和动名词）的形式和用法；现在分词与过去分词的区别；动词与不定式的比较；现在分词与动名词比较；现在分词与不定式的比较等。II.题解指导Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences.1.Heavoided______usadefiniteanswers.A.togiveB.givingC.togivingD.give答案是B。动词avoid后只能接动名词，而不能接不定式作宾语。类似这样的动词还有：suggest,finish,mind,imagine,enjoy,muss,resist,risk,escape,advise,deny,practise,require等。2.Jackmarchedatthehead,______byhiscomrades.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.tobefollowed答案是A。分词和不定式都是可用来作状语，但不定式作状语时，一般表示目的、结果、原因等，该句并无这个意思。那么究竟是选择现在分词还是过去分词呢？一般来说，现在分词表示主动、表示进行；过去分词表示被动、完成。此句的意思是“捷克行进在前面，后面跟着他的同志们”，所以应该用过去分词。3.Wedecided_______changesinourplan.A.makingB.tomakingC.makeD.tomake答案是D。在动词decide的后面只能接不定式作宾语。能接不定式作宾语的动词还有：want,wish,like,decide,help,pledge,begin,forget,learn,ask等等。4.Wethinkitpossible_______theirproductionplaninafewweeks.AfortheytofulfilB.fortheirfulfillingC.forthemtofulfilD.forthemfulfill答案是C。此句的意思是“我认为他们几周内完成生产计划是可能的。”句中的“it”显然是形式宾语，真正的宾语则是带逻辑主语的不定式结构，其构成形式是“for+32 名词（或代词）+不定式”，故此题正确答案是C。III.综合练习(A)Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:1.Fiftymilesuptheairistoothin____sound.A.carryB.tocarryC.carryingD.tocarrying2.Wehavemuchwork______thisafternoon.A.todoB.doingC.doD.todoing3.Heisusedto____hardwork.A.doB.didC.doingD.done4.Thebook_____bythefamouswriterisbeingprintedatthefactory.A.wroteB.writeC.writtenD.writing5.______thatitwasraining,heputonhisraincoat.A.SeeB.ToseeC.SawD.Seeing6.Thepupilwasafraidof______scoldedbytheteacher.A.beingB.beC.beenD.tobe7.WhenyouspeakEnglishyoumustmakeyourself_______.A.understandingB.tounderstandC.tobeunderstoodD.understood8.Couldyoutellme_____themachine?A.howworkingB>howtobeworkedC.howworkD.howtowork9.IwouldhavefinishedmycompositionbynowifIhadnotstopped_____withhim.A.talkingB.totalkC.talkedD.talk10.I’msosorrytohavekeptyou______foralongtime.A.waitingB.waitedC.towaitD.wait11.Ithinkthisstoryisvery_____.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.tobeinteresting12.Thepeasantshavebeenbusy_____thericeinthepastfewdays.A.getinB.togetinC.gettinginD.forgettingin13.Whenthestormcomesallwindows______.A.oughttocloseB.oughttobeclosingC.oughttobeclosedD.oughttoclosed14.Weheardnobody_____theroom.A.enteredB.toenterC.wouldenterD.enter15.Alicelikes_____harderwork.A.beinggivenB.begivenC.togiveD.gives16.Weagreedto______thetest.A.youdoingB.yourdoingC.yoursdoingD.youdid17.Heopenedthewindow______.A.forthefreshairtocomeinB.forthefreshaircomeinC.forthefreshaircominginD.forthefreshairtocomingin18.Everything______,itispossiblefortheirfactorytoraisetheoutputquickly.A.consideringB.consideredC.considersD.consider32 19.You’dbetterhaveourcolourTVset_______.A.repairB.repairingC.repairedD.torepair20.Herearesomeknivesforthem______.A.tocutB.tocutbyC.tocutfromD.tocutwith(B)Fromthefourunderlinedpartseachofthefollowingsentenceschoosetheonethatiswrong:1.Theteachertoldhisstudentsdon’tmakesuchmistakesagain.ABCD2.Theydidn’tletmetogobyship.3.HepracticedtoswiminthemorningofSunday.4.Mylittlebrotheristooyoungcan’tdresshimself.5.Fromthisroom,youcanseethathowhardheworked.6.“Wouldyoumindmycomewithyou?”heaskedafterIhadfinishedspeaking.7.InEnglandyoungboyshaveenjoyedtoplayfootballsincethetwelfthcentury.8.Idon’tliketheseapples.Theyaregettingrotting.9.Steppedcarelesslyoffthepavement,hewasknockeddownbythebus.10.Hefoundthetextbookmissedwhenitwasbadlyneeded.11.weighedmorethantwothousandtons,theautomaticforgingpressisoperatedbyoneworkeronly.12.Ihaveheardhimtotalkaboutyouoften.13.Theteacherwarnedthepupilsdidn’tgoskatingonthinice.14.ThechildrenaskedtheoldRedArmymantellthemstoriesabouttheRedArmy.15.Givemeapieceofpapertowrite.©Fillintheblanksusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsgiveninbrackets:PassageOneThefirstperson1(reach)theSouthPolewasaNorwegian2(call)American.Heledawell3(organize)expeditionin1910,4(use)thelatestequipment.ABritishexpedition,5(lead)byCaptainScott,tried6(get)tothePoleBeforetheNorwegians.Buttheyreliedonhorsesanddogs;andhadweatherpreventedthemfrom7(travel)fast.Intheend,theywerecutoff,anddiedintheirtent.ManypeopleblamedScottfor8(risk)hismen’slivesinthisway.Butothersfeltthathewasahero.Whateverthetruth,hisnamewillalwaysbeassociatedwiththeWhiteContinent.PassageTwoIsitdifficult1(have)atelephone2(install)inyourcountry?Doyouhaveto3(wait)alongtimebeforeyoucangetatelephone?Don’tworry.Thishappensinmanypartsoftheworld.Letme4(tell)youabouttheexperienceofafriendofmine.IshallcallhimEdwardGriffin.That’snothisrealname,ofcourse.ButIdon’tknowifhewouldlikeme5(have)hisrealname6(print)inabook.Edwardrecentlymovedtoanewhouse.7(be)adoctorheneededatelephonenotonly8(telephone)hisfriends,butforhisworkaswell.Thetelephonemangerpromised9(act)quickly,butstillnothinghappened.Hehad10(wait)furtherforalongtime!PassageThreeCanyouimagine1(travel)to2(work))inaone-mansubmarine?Scientists32 believethatsomedayone-mansubmarinewillbeasnumerousasautomobilesaretoday.JacquesYvesCousteausays,“Onedaysoon,menwillwalkontheoceanfloorasthey3(do)onthestreet.”Perhapsduringyourlife-timepeoplewilltravel,work,andliveinthesea.Ships4(carry)oilandarticlesoftradewillmovebeneaththeocean.Passengershipswillbebuilt5(travel)underwater,wherestormscannotdelaythemormakepeopleseasick.Specialunderwatershipswillbedesignedfor6(mine),7(fish),and8(explore)unknownareas.Formilitaryuse,theremaybesubmarinesthatcanflyandthendiveunderwater9(approach)thebattleareawithout10(see).U-10虚拟语气I.重难点提示语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话的意图或态度。虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设或建议等。虚拟语气可以用在非真实条件句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和定语从句等之中。本单元要求掌握虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；掌握情态动词用用于虚拟语气；了解含蓄条件句；掌握虚拟时态与谓语动词事态的关系等。II.题解指导Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences.1.Iftheyhadn’tgoneonvacation,theirhouse______.A.wouldn’tbebrokenourB.werenotbrokenintoC.wouldn’thavebeenbrokenintoD.wouldn’thavebrokenout答案是C．该句的非真实条件句的时态告诉我们，这是一个与过去事实相反的假设。虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中有其虚拟时态。在与现代事实相反的非真实条件句中，条件句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were），结果主句的谓语用should（第一人称）或（第二、三人称）+动词原形。在与过去事实相反的非真实条件句中，条件句从句的谓语用had+过去分词，结果主句的谓语用should（第一人称）或would（第二、三人称）+have+过去分词。在与将来事实可能相反的非真实条件句中，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式（be的过去式用were）,结果主句用should（第一人称）或would（第二、三人称）+动词原形等。2.Isuggestthatwe_______tomorrow.A.shallgoB.shouldgoC.willgoD.答案是B。在suggest动词后接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气should+动词原形或只用动词原形。这种虚拟语气的从句还可作demand,propose,order,arrange,insist,command,require,request,desire等动词的宾语。它们的时态不受全句谓语时态的影响，即使谓语动词是过去式，宾语从句谓语仍是动词的原形或should+动词原形。如：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)leaveearly.他建议我们早点离开。3.Heisoverfifty,buthelooksasifhe_______onlyhisthirties.A.wereB.isC.willbeD.hasbeen答案是A。由asif或asthough引导的从句，如果表示的是与事实相反的情况，要用虚拟语气。能够引导虚拟语气从句的除if外，还有unless,lest,forfearthat,incase,onconditionthat等词语。4._____herenow,hewouldexplainthewholematter.A.IfTomisB.IfTomwillbeC.WasTomD.WereTom答案是D。在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词if，而将谓语中的过去式were,had或should等移至主语前。这时，were的虚拟式在倒装句中不能用was32 代替。而且，在这种倒装句中也不能用动词的所略否定形式。如不能说：Hadn’titbeenforyourknowledgeofthelanguage,Ishouldhavebeencompletelylost.应改为Haditnotbeenfor…III.综合练习(A)Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:1.IfyouhadwarnedJane,she______ontime,butshewaslate.A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.hadcomeD.wouldhavecome2.Ifwe________now,weshouldarriveingoodtime.A.leaveB.leftC.haveleftD.hadleft3.Ifyou_____tomorrow,Imighthavetimetoseeyou.A.comeB.willcomeC.aretocomeD.weretocome4._______attackus,we’llwipethemoutcompletely.A.ShouldtheyB.ShalltheyC.HadtheyD.Werethey5.Itisimportantthathe_______politely.A.havespokenB.shouldspeakC.spokeD.wouldspeak6.Iwouldratheryou______tomorrow.A.willcomeB.mustcomeC.comeD.came7.Idesirethepatient______abatheveryday.A.musthaveB.shouldhaveC.hadD.had8.Itistimewe______tobed.A.goB.wentC.shallgoD.willgo9.Itisourwishthathe_______intheexperiment.A.succeedB.succeedsC.succeededD.willsucceed10.Theheadmastermadesuggestionsthatthetest_____before5:30.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.shallfinish11.Withoutyourhelp,we_______.A.willnotsucceedB.didn’tsucceedC.don’tsucceedD.wouldn’thavesucceeded12.Theyshoutedadifthey____somegoodnews.A.heardB.haveheardC.hadheardD.wouldhear13.Whatthedoctoradvisedisthathe________awalkbeforegoingtobedeverynight.A.takeB.takesC.tookD.willtake14.Iproposehe_______.A.excuseB.excusedC.beexcusedD.wasexcused15.Evenifit______moredifficult,Ishouldtrytoaccomplishit.A.isB.beC.wereD.hadbeen16.Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlesthe______it.A.willforgetB.wouldforgetC.forgetsD.forget17.Itisquitenaturalthathe_______so.A.shouldthinkB.mustthinkC.havethoughtD.thought18.I’msorrythatyou_______toleave.A.willhaveB.hadC.shouldhaveD.wouldhave19.______theteacherlastnight,Iwouldhaveaskedhimaboutit.A.DidIseeB.WereIseenC.ShouldIseeD.HadIseen20.Theprincipalrequestedthateveryone_______presentattheceremony.A.tobeB.mustbeC.isD.be32 21.IfI________you,Iwoulddoitatonce.A.amB.wouldbeC.beD.were22.IfI________time,Iwouldhavestayedtherelonger.A.havehadB.hadC.hadhadD.wouldhavehad23.______,Iwouldn’thaveaskedhim.A.IfyouhavetoldmeofitB.IfyouwouldhavetoldmeaboutitC.WouldyoutellmeaboutitD.Hadyoutoldmeaboutit24.I_____thetestwithoutyourhelp.A.couldn’tpassB.willnothavepassedC.wouldn’tpassD.couldn’thavepassed25.Ourteacherdemandthatallthehomework______beforethedayaftertomorrow.A.mustbefinishedB.shallbefinishedC.hadtobefinishedD.befinished26.______now,hewouldprobablyfinishhisworkinashorttime.A.WerehetostartB.WerehestartC.WouldhestartD.Ifhestarts27.It’sveryimportantmeeting,sothechairmansuggestedthatwe________.A.mustn’tbeabsentB.can’tbeabsentC.shouldnotbeabsentD.nottobeabsent28.IwishI_______withyoulastnight.A.couldgoB.hadgoneC.wouldhavegoneD.wouldnothaveslept29.Helookedverytiredasifhe_______foralongtime.A.hadn’tsleptB.hasn’tsleptC.didn’tsleepD.wouldnothaveslept30.Ifwe______lastnight,we______thetaskbynow.A.didn’tinterruptedwouldhavefinishedB.weren’tinterruptedwouldfinishC.hadn’tbeeninterruptedwouldhavefinishedD.hadn’tbeeninterruptedwouldfinish31.I’dratheryou_______anythingaboutitnow.A.aren’tdoingB.won’tdoC.didn’tdoD.don’tdo32.It’shightimewe______ourworknow.A.beginB.shallbeginC.beganD.wouldbegin33.Itlooks______itweregoingtorain.A.asifB.thatC.likethatD.as34.Ienjoymylifehereverymuch,andIwishI______havetoleavesosoon.A.didn’tB.won’tC.don’tD.needn’t35.HowIwishhe_____muchkindertome.A.isB.wasbeingC.wereD.willbe36.It’snecessarythathe_____awaywithouttellingus.A.hadgoneB.wouldhavegoneC.wentD.shouldgo37.Allofthestudentsinmyclassinsistedthatwe_________moreEnglishpartiestopractiseourspokenEnglish.A.wouldhaveB.shouldhaveC.wouldhavehadD.had38.Marytookcareoftheorphanasifhe______herownchild.A.isB.wastobeC.wereD.be32 39.IfIwereyou,I______tothecinemalastnight.A.wouldhavegoneB.wouldgoC.hadgoneD.shouldgo40.Ifhe_______thedoctor’sadvice,he_______quitewellnow.A.followed,wouldbeB.hadfollowed,wouldhadC.wouldhavefollowed,wouldbeD.hadfollowed,wouldbe特别注意：如发email请务必注明主题、地点和谁。否则，由于垃圾邮件太多影响接受和给你的反馈2005年1月32