安徽专升本英语语法知识 42页

GrammarFocus 1.请试着翻译此句：储存在人脑的信息似乎永远不会失去。2.请试着找出下页句中的主语和谓语： ThelargepartwhichwarplayedinEnglishaffairs,thefactthatthecontrolofthearmyandnavywasinthehandsofthosewhospokeFrench,andthecircumstancesthatmuchofEnglishfightingwasdoneinFranceallresultedintheintroductionintoEnglishofanumberofFrenchmilitaryterms. 1.1.a.n.ahumorousmanagloriousvictoryadiligentstudentadisgustingperson 1.2.ger.n.ateachingbuilding(abuildingusedforteaching)asleepingbag(abagusedforsleep) 1.3.p.pr.n.asleepingboy(aboywhoissleeping)theexploitingclass(theclassthatexploitsotherpeople)boilingwater(thewaterwhichisboiling)fallingleaves(theleaveswhicharefalling) 1.4.p.p.n.boiledwater(waterwhichhasbeenboiled)fallenleaves(leaveswhichhavefallen)theoppressedpeople(thepeoplewhoareoppressed)arespectedwriter(awriterwhoisrespected) 1.5.n.n.作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。1.材料a diamond necklace paper money a stone bridge 2.用途trade union water pipe eye drops3.时间the dinner party evening suit 4.地点London hotels body temperature the kitchen window5.内容a story book the air pressure the grammar rules 6.类别children education enemy soldiers a bus driverChinaConstructionBank 2.1.1.n.+todo/tobedoneIhavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.akeytounlockthedoortheOlympicGamestobeheldinLondonin2012 2.1.2.todoinglookforwardtodoingbe/getused/accustomedtodoinginadditiontodoingdevote/bedevoted/dedicate/bededicated…todoing objecttodoingbeaverse/opposedtodoingbesubject/subjectedtodoingcontributetodoingmakeacontribution/contributionstodoing 2.2.n.+p.pr.phraseaboysleepingonthegrassthesensorynerveslinkingthemusclestothebrainTheministersobjectingtotheproposaltheprogramrunninginthefirstmodule 2.3.n.+p.p.phrasethefunctioncalledbythemainprogramtheairportdestroyedbytornadotheinformationstoredinthehumanbrain 2.4.n.+adj.phrasethesenseresponsiblefordirectingyourmusclesintelligently 2.5.n.+prep.phrasetheinformationinthehumanbrainthecalculatoronthedeskThediscoveriesduringthevoyage 3.1.restrictiveadjectiveclauseanunknownadj.restrictiveclause试翻译:1.燃烧是一种发光的、发热的化学反应。2.赖昌星是一个臭名昭著的人。 Burningisakindofchemicalreactionwhichgivesoff/emitslightandheat.Laiisanotoriousman.or.Laiisamanwhoearns/hasanevilreputation. 4.1.,…….,Tom,mycousin,isagoodman.We,ascollegestudents,shouldstudyhard.Allthetaxidrivers,whoknewthetrafficjam,changedtheirways. Wecannotcompletelysay,asmanyartistswhostudiedinParisdid,thatmodernpaintingisnothing.Q:Whichistheauthor’sattitudetowardmodernpainting?A:a.positiveb.negativec.neutrald.indifferent Wecannotcompletelysay,asmanyprasiterswhodieogedinAthendid,thatfrgicalpaintingisnothing.Q:Whichistheauthor’sattitudetowardfrgicalpainting?A:a.positiveb.negativec.neutrald.indifferent 4.2.wordsforattitudepositive赞成的supporting支持的praising赞扬的optimistic乐观的active积极的 critical批评的negative否定的，反对的pessimistic悲观的depressed沮丧的disappointed失望的passive消极的 indifferent冷淡的，不关心的uninterested不感兴趣的subjective主观的objective客观的neutral中立的impersonal不带个人感情的 对于文体的鉴别词还有：formal正式的informal非正式的casual随便的informative提供信息的elaborate详细阐述的 5.1.nominalclauseWhencanIhavesomethingtoeat?将其变形为whenIcanhavesomethingtoeat设whenIcanhavesomethingtoeat为“x” Idon’tknow+x.Myquestionis+x.Xisstillunknown.Ihaveaquestion+x.证明，x放在了名词本来放的位置上，即一个句子起了名词的作用，x应为性质等同于一个名词的从句，即名词性从句。 5.2.AppositiveClause基本结构：冠词/形容词性物主代词+抽象名词+that/(wh-)+抽象名词的具体内容常见的抽象名词有：想法类：opinion,idea结果类：result,conclusion取代类：fact trytocomparewiththesesentences:ShehatestherumorthatTonywasdead.ShehatestherumorthatTonyspread.rumorn.谣言 trytotranslatethefollowingsentences1.很多贫困儿童上不了学这一现象反映出了一个严重的社会问题。那位交警认为这起交通事故和他喝了啤酒之后驾车有关。 6.1.Verbs动词的个数问题动词的时态语态问题(see6.2.)动词的分化问题(see6.3.) 6.2.1动词的时态语态问题Ihavethreehamburgerseveryday.Ihadtwohamburgersyesterday.Iwillhavefourhamburgerstomorrow.Ihavealreadyhadonehamburger.Iamhavingahamburger. 6.2.2补充常考的时态现在完成进行时have/has+been+V.ing将来进行时will+be+V.ing被动语态 Onebagismadebymymothereveryday.Thebagwasmadebymymotheryesterday.Thebagwillbemadebymymothertomorrow.Thebaghasbeenmadebymymother.Thebagisbeingmadebymaymothernow. 6.3.动词的分化问题(副词方向)1.回忆下刚才讲过分化的形容词方向2.看看下面的分化形式V.Ving（现在分词）V.Ved（过去分词）V.tov.（不定式） Takingtheriskoflosinglife,thewomansavedhersonfromthebigfire.Influencedbyafamousteacher,hewantstobeaprofessorinStanford/Yale/Harvard/MIT.Tosolvethisproblem,theymadealotofefforts. 王维《山居秋瞑》：竹喧归浣女，莲动下渔舟。Bambooswhisperofwasher-maids;Lotusstirswhenfishingboatwades. 白居易《暮江吟》：一道残阳铺水中，半江瑟瑟半江红。Thedepartingsunbeamspaveawayontheriver;Halfofitswavesturnredandtheotherhalfshiver. 王维《送元二使安西》：渭城朝雨浥轻尘，客舍青青柳色新。Nodustisraisedontheroadwetwiththemorningrain;Thewillows(柳树)bythehotellooksofreshandgreen. 天青色等烟雨而我在等你;Thepureandcyanskyiswaitingforeverymistyrain’spresence;andI,foryours.炊烟袅袅升起隔江千万里…Woodsmokecurluphighwhilewe,separatedbyawideriver,aresofar.