初中英语语法15个专题汇总(附习题及答案) 116页

目录专题一名词1专题二数词、冠词7专题三介词、连词14专题四代词21专题五形容词、副词30专题六动词的分类39专题七情态动词、系动词46专题八动词时态53专题九被动语态59专题十非谓语动词66专题十一简单句、并列句76专题十二祈使句、感叹句84专题一三宾语从句90专题一四定语从句98专题一五状语从句105专题一名词1.名词的数1.概述:名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。2.可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many,few,afew,some,any,plentyof,lotsof,anumberof等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。1）复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图：规则例词一般情况下加-sapple-apples,ruler-rulers以s,x,ch，sh,结尾的加-esbus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,第116页共116页 brush-brushes以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-escity-cities,county-countries以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v,再加-esknife-knives,leaf-leaves以o结尾的，有的词尾加-es，有的加-s在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个：tomato-tomatoes，potato-potatoesHero-heroes，Negro-Negroes2)复数的不规则构成法：a．单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,deer-deer,sheep-sheep,fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)b.熟记下列词的复数变化：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,child-childrenc.以man,woman做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：amanteacher-twomenteachers;其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：agirlstudent-twogirlstudents3.不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。如：water,meat,air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。1）用some,much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等表示多少。Thereislittlemilkathome.Theoldmanhaslotsofmoney.2)若要表示不可数名词的数量，应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式，若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如：aglassofwater-twoglassesofwater,apieceofbread-twopiecesofbread1.专有名词：专有名词是表示特定的人，事物，地点等，如：Tom,China,theUnitedKingdom.专有名词的第一个字母一般大写，大部分专有名词前一般不用冠词。2.名词的所有格：1.概述：名词的所有格在句中是表示所有关系，作定语。2.名词所有格的构成：名词所有格包括–s所有格和of所有格两种形式。无生命的名词的所有格通常用of短语来表示所有关系。如：thenameoftheschool,thewindowofthehouse等。–s所有格主要用于有生命的东西和表示时间，距离，国家等的名词后。构成方法如下：1）一般直接在名词后加’s.如：Jim’sbook2）复数名词的所有格，若以s/es结尾只加撇号，不以s/es结尾仍加’s。如：Children’sDay,theteachers’office.第116页共116页 3)“and”连接的并列名词的所有格，表示两人“共有”只在后一个名词尾加’s;表示“各自拥有”，两个名词尾都要加’s.如：JimandLucy’sbook（共有）;Jane’sandTom’sbooks(不共有)4）表示店铺或某人的家等处所时，常在名词的所有格后省去shop,house,home等。如：thebarber’s,atmyuncle’s5)表示时间，距离，国家，城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加’s或’表示所有格，如：today’snewspaper,fiveminutes’walk.1.双重所有格1)名词双重所有格的含义：of+名词所有格称为双重所有格，这种结构中，of前面是一部分，of后面是一个整体。例如：MrWangisafriendofmyfather"s.(=MrWangisoneofmyfather"sfriends.)王先生 是我父亲的一个朋友.2)名词双重所有格的构成方法：    a.of前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词，如a,any,some,no,few,several以及two,three等。例如：HaveyoureadanystoriesofLeiFeng"s?你看过雷锋的故事吗？Theygavemesomebooksoftheirs.他们把他们的一些书给了我。Threeclassmatesofmysister"shavefoundgoodjobs.我姐姐的三个同学已经找到了好工作。b.有时of前面的名词前面可以用指示代词this,that表示某种感情色彩。例如：ThatanswerofJim"swasright.吉姆的那个回答是对的。Somethingiswrongwiththiseyeofmine.我的这只眼睛出了毛病。c.of后面带有"s的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人。例如：That"sabookofLuXun"s.这是鲁迅的一本书。Thisisachildoftheirs.那是他们的一个孩子。3)名词的双重所有格与“of+名词”结构之间的区别：a..句子所表达的侧重点不同。试比较：Heisafriendofmyfather"s.（着重说明“父亲”的朋友不止一个）Heisafriendofmyfather.（着重说明“他”是父亲的一个朋友）b.of前面是picture等词时，含义不同。试比较：Thisisapictureofmyteacher"s.这是我老师收藏的一张照片。Thisisapictureofmyteacher.这是我老师的一张照片。实战演练(2×50)1.June1stis____Dayallovertheworld.A.Child’sB.Children’sC.Childrens’2.September10this___DayinChina.第116页共116页 A.Teacher’sB.Teachers’C.Teacher3.Thisis_______news.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.suchgood4.—What______itis!—Let’sgoouttohaveapicnic.A.afineweatherB.finedayC.afineday5.TomandIgotoschool_____everyday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfoot6.–Arethose_____?-No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cow7.Agroupof____aretalkingwithtwo___overthere.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;Frenchmen8.Thatdoctordranktwo_____.A.glassofwaterB.glassesofwatersC.cupsoftea9.Mrs.Smithisanoldfriendof_______.A.BobmotherB.Bob’smother’sC.motherofBob10.Thetallmanwithabignoseis_______classmate.A.TomandCarlB.Tom’sandCarl’sC.TomandCarl’s11.In____time,therewillbemoretallbuildingsinourcity.A.fewyearB.afewyears’C.afewyear’s12.Howmany___doyouwanteverymonth?A.milkB.waterC.apples13.–Whoseisthisnewbicycle?-It’s_____.A.SueandJim’sB.SueandJimC.Sue’sandJim’s14.–Wouldyoulike_____tea?第116页共116页 -No,thanks.I’vedrunktwo__.A.any;bottlesoforangeB.alittle;bottleoforangesC.some;bottlesoforange15.–Howmany_____doyouwant?-Two,please.A.kilosofeggB.kiloofeggsC.kilosofeggs16.Thebusstopistwo_____fromourhouse.A.hour’sdriveB.hours’driveC.hour-drive17.–Whereareyougoing,Amy?-_______.A.TomyuncleB.Tomyuncle’sC.Atmyuncle18.Haveyouread_____?A.anewspaperoftoday’sB.todaynewspaperC.today"snewspaper19.Lucyputalotof____in____oftea.A.sugar;thetwocupB.sugars;thetwocupsC.sugar;thetwocups20.Tomatoes,broccoli,and____arevegetables.A.bananasB.potatoesC.noodles21.–Helpyourselftosome_________.-Thankyou.Ireallylikethem.A.fishB.orangeC.cakes22.Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.toothB.atoothC.teeth23.Weallhad______lastmonth.Didyoutraveltoanywhere?A.threedays’holidayB.threeday’sholidayC.three-daysholiday24.Whenautumncomes,______ofmosttreesturnyellowandthenfalldown.A.leafB.leaveC.leaves25.TomorrowI"mgoingtomy________.It"sa_________.Aaunt...fiveminutes"walk        Baunt"s...fiveminute"swalkCaunt"s...fiveminutes"walk第116页共116页 26.Acomputerisoneofthegreatest________inthiscentury.Ainventors     Binventions     Cinvitations     27.Wehaven"t________homeworktodotoday.Amany          Bsome          Cmuch28.Threehours________enoughfora__________boytoreadbooks.Ais...ten-year-old             Bare...ten-year-oldCis...ten-years-old                 29._________thatpairofnew_________nice?AIs...shoe                   BAre...shoesCIs...shoes                            30.Mary,I"veboughtmany_______.Nowlet"smakethebirthdaycake.Afresheggs                 BchocolatemilkCfood                           31.Thetwo________aremy________.Awomandoctors...friends    Bwomendoctors...friendsCwomendoctors...friend32.Theseare________houses.ALeeandmyuncle                  BtheLee"sandmyuncle"sCtheLees"andmyuncle          33.Weare__________.Theyare_________.AChinese...Germen                     BChinese...GermanCChinese...Germans34.There______apencilandtwobooksonthedesk. A.has        B.is     C.are35.Anumberofstudents______fortheschoolbusnow. A.iswaiting B.arewaiting C.waits 36.Thenumberofstudentsintheclass______large. A.are  B.has C.is 37.A_____isusedforkeepingwarm. A.stampB.scarfC.key38.Thereisno_______inthebussowehavetowaitforanotherbus. A.roomB.aroomC.rooms39.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.第116页共116页 ---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather"sC.mymother"sandfather"s40.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThree41.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---_________,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeeC.Twocoffee42DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor______A.funB.wishesC.interest43.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.A.visitorB.visitor"sC.visitors"44.---Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool?---Therearetwo___________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredsof45.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?--Itsoundsreallywonderful.A.subjectB.musicC.book46.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerfortheTV.A.placeB.roomC.field47.Ifyoudon"ttakemore________,you"llgetfat.A.medicineB.lessonsC.exercise48.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.A.minuteB.minutes"C.minutes49.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.manygoodnews50.Maths________noteasytolearn.A.areB.isC.am参考答案：1-5:BBCCB;6-10:AACBC;11-15:BCACC;16-20:BBCCB;21-25:CCACC；26-30：BCACA31-35：CBCBB；36-40：CBAAC；41-45：BBCBB；46-50：BCBBB第116页共116页 专题二数词、冠词一．数词1.数词概述：表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。2.数词的种类：可以分为两种：基数词：表示数目多少的数词。序数词：表示先后顺序的数词。3.基数词的写法和用法1）1—12的基数词是独立的单词，即：one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve。 2）13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如：14—fourteen，但13，15，18较特殊，13—thirteen15—fifteen18—eighteen。 3）20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如：60—sixty，但20，30，40，50，80较特殊，20—twenty30—thirty40—forty50—fifty80—eighty。 4)十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”，如：28—twenty-eight，96—ninety-six。 5)百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加“and”，如：148—onehundredandforty-eight,406—fourhundredandsix。 6)hundred（百），thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿）等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。7).百(hundred),千(thousand),百万(million)等词与介词of连用的时侯，用复数形式，表不确定数目，其前面不可与数字连用8）.表示“几十”的数词，复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。如：Heisinhisforties.他四十多岁。Thistookplaceinthe1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代。9）.基数词可与其他词构成形容词。如：Canyousaysomethingaboutyourtwo-monthholiday?？(two和month之间有连字符时，month用单数)4.序数词的写法和用法1）．基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”  变法如下：first，second，third，eight—eighthnine—ninth，five—fifth，twelve—twelfth，twenty—twentieth，forty—fortieth，twenty-five—twenty-fifth。 其余情况均在基数词后加th。如：six—sixth,nineteen—nineteenth,hundred—第116页共116页 hundredth,thousand—thousandth等。2）.序数词前常用定冠词the,表“顺序”。但如果序数词不表示顺序，而表示“又一个，另一个”时，则不能用the,要用a.如：Tryitasecondtime.再试一下。5.序数词表示“名次”时，不用定冠词。    Hewasfirst.他得了第一名。    Whowasfirst?Whowassecond？谁是第一名？谁是第二名？注意:1.分数的读法：分子必须用基数词，分母用序数词。分子如果大于1，分母须用复数形式。先读分子，再读分母。分子为one时可换用a.如：Inourclass,aboutathirdcanspeakEnglishwell.Twothirds三分之二。2.1/2读作“a(或one)half(而不是asecond“一秒钟”)，1/4既可读作“a(或one)quarter”又可读作“a(或one)fourth”.3/4:Threequarters3.小数的读法：小数点的前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同；小数点读作point,小数点后只须将数字一一读出。15.67读作:fifteenpointsixseven4.百分数的读法：先读基数词，再读百分号“%”（读作percent）.5%读作:fivepercent. 5.年代的读法为“两位，两位”地读。整百的后读hundred,整千的后读thousand,前常加theyear.如：1937读作nineteenthirty-seven或：nineteenhundredandthirty-seven2000年读作theyeartwothousandDecemberthefirst,nineteenninety-four一九九四年十二月一日 二.冠词1.冠词概述：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。2.冠词的种类：英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词，还有一种是零冠词。3.不定冠词的用法不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源，是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作[e]，而an则用于元音音素前，一般读做[en]。1)表示"一个"，意为one；2)代表一类人或物。　Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.　Mr.Smithisadoctor.3)词组或成语。alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/agreatmany/manya/inahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon第116页共116页 /4.定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。它有以下意义：1）特指双方都明白的人或物：定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有"那（这）个"的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Taketheumbrella.　带上伞。2）上文提到过的人或事： Heboughtabook.　I"vereadthebook.他买了一本书。我看过那本书。3）指世上独一物二的事物：thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth 4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：thedollar美元;thefox狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：therich富人;theliving  活着的人。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面：　　Wheredoyoulive?　Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪？我住在二层。　　That"stheverythingI"vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的东西。6）用在表示身体部位的名词前：Shecaughtmebythehand.　她抓住了我手。7）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：　thePeople"sRepublicofChina　中华人民共和国theUnitedStates　美国8）用在表示乐器的名词之前：　Sheplaysthepiano.　她会弹钢琴。9)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：theGreens　格林一家人(或格林夫妇)10)用在惯用语中：intheday,inthemorning(afternoon，evening),　thedayaftertomorrow　 thedaybeforeyesterday,　thenextmorning,　inthesky(water，field，country)　inthedark,　intherain,　inthedistance,　inthemiddle(of),　intheend,bytheway,　gotothetheatre5.零冠词的用法1)国名，人名前通常不用冠词：England，Mary；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；Theyareteachers.3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Failureisthemotherofsuccess.　失败乃成功之母。2）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；　WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.　3）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词4）当by与火车等交通工具连用中间无冠词；bybus，bytrain；5）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义，如：gotohospital　　去医院看病　gotothehospital　去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)6）不用冠词的序数词；第116页共116页 　a.序数词前有物主代词 　b.序数词作副词　Hecamefirstintherace.　c.在固定词组中at(the)first,　firstofall,　　fromfirsttolast 实战演练(2×50)1.Thereare___daysinayear.A.threehundredsixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-five C.threehundredandsixty-five2．______visitorsvisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredofC.Hundredsof3.Therearetwo___peopleinthelibrary.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsof4.Everyyear___watchNBAonTV.A.millionpeopleB.millionsofpeopleC.millionspeople5.____treeswillbeplantedinourcityin5years.A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.Twothousandof6.Mybrotherisin____.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOne C.Gradefirst,ClassThird7.Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC.BookSix8.Pleaseturnto___.Let"sreadthetextaloud.A.PageTwoB.thepagetwoC.secondpage9.Hewillcomehere____tomorrowmorning.A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwo10.Hewasdoingsomereading____.A.ateightyesterdaymorningB.yesterdaymorningeightC.yesterdaymorningateight11.Hebegantolivethere____. A.onhisfiftyB.atageoffiftyC.inhisfifties12TheymovedtotheUSA_A.in1980sB.inthe1980"C.inthe1980s13.Shewas___herearlytwentieswhenshebecameamoviestar. A.atB.onC.in14.Thereare____monthsinayear.Decemberisthe____monthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfth C.twelfth;twelve15.Sundayisthe____dayoftheweek.第116页共116页 A.seventhB.firstC.second16.Autumnis________seasoninayear.A.thefourthB.thethirdC.athird17.-What"sthedatetoday?-It’s___.A.FridayB.cloudyC.July4th18.Jennywasborn_______.A.onJuly10,1997B.inJuly10,1997 C.in1997,July1019.Mondayisthesecondday,and_______. A.TuesdayisthefourthB.ThursdayisthefifthC.thesecondisTuesday20.About____ofthebooksinourschoollibraryarewritteninChinese. A.four-fifthB.four-fifthsC.fourth-fifths21.___ofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.A.TwothreeB.TwothreesC.Twothirds22.___oftheworld"sbooksandnewspapersarewritteninEnglish. A.ThreequartersB.ThreequarterC.Thirdsfour23.Tomis____intherow.A.athirdB.thethirdC.third24.Thegirlwantedtosing____songatthepartyyesterday.A.twoB.asecondC.thesecond25.Nowlethimhave____.A.thethirdtryB.athirdtryC.thirdtry26.Ourschoolisonly_______walkfromhere.A.five-minute B.fiveminute’s  C.fiveminutes’27.Thereare________daysinaweek.A.theseven   B.seventh     C.seven28.Pleasewritedownthenewwordsinthetextof________.A.LessonEleven   B.theLessonEleven    C.LessonEleventh  29.----Howoldisyoursister?------________.A.She’sfifteenth  B.She’syoung    C.She’sfifteen    30.Iread______story.Itis______interestingstory.A.a,anB.a,aC.the,the31.Parisis__EuropeancountryandChinais___Asiancountry.A.an,anB.a,aC.a,an32._____elephantisbiggerthan______horse.A./,/B.an,aC.A,a33.Shut_____door,please.第116页共116页 A.aB.anC.the34.Heisnowlivingin______Europeancountry. A.a B.anC./35.Chinais______oldcountrywith______longhistory. A.an,aB.a,aC.an,the 36.Myparentsusuallygooutfor______walkin______evening. A.the,aB.a,theC./,the37.Her______firstthingistohelphermothercleantheroom. A.a B.theC./38.Theword“floor”beginswith______“f”andtheendwith______“r”. A.a,a B.an,an C.an,a 39.June1stis______Children’sDay. A.a B.the C../40.______HuangheRiveris_______secondlargestriverinChina. A.The,theB.A,aC.The,a41.Parisisoneof______mostbeautifulcitiesin______world. A./,the B./,/ C.the,the42.YesterdayMrSmithwentto______GreatWallat______noon. A.the,theB./,/C.the,/43.Wealwayshave______milkfor______breakfast. A./,/B.the,/C./,a44．-Didyouseemygrandfather?-Oh,Isaw______oldmansittingonachairunderthetree.Maybeheis.A.aB.anC.the45．-Doyousee______manwithadog?-Oh,Yes,______dogisblack.A.the,a,TheB.a,a,C.a,the46．Whois______better,LiPingorWangDong?A.theB.aC.×47．Wegotoschoolfivedays______week.A.aB.anC./48．-Inwhichclassis______boyinwhite?-He"sinClass5.A.theB.aC.an49.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplay_____soccer.第116页共116页 A.aB.anC./50．Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkin_______westpartofourcountry______nextyear.A.the,theB./,/C.the,/参考答案1-5CCABA5-10BCABA11-15CCCBB16-20ACABB21-25CABBB26-30CCACA31-35CBCBA36-40BCCCA41-45CCABC46-50CAACC专题三介词、连词一．介词1.介词概述：介词表示它与后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。介词是虚词，不能单独做句子成分。介词在英语中用法很活，也无一定规律可循。在初中范围内还应学一个记住一个，特别是那些和动词的特殊搭配。2.常用介词的意义和用法。 ⑴时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时,in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后),on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间； 表示地点时,in表示在某个范围之内,on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：HewasbornonthenightofMay10th.Iusuallygetupat7：00inthemorning.Hisglassesareonthedesk.Mybrotherisatthebusstop.⑵after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般过去时态；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。如：Hesaidthathewouldcomebackafter6：00.MyfatheriscomingbackfromAstraliainaboutamonth.第116页共116页 ⑶since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for+(一段时间)”表示“持续一段时间”,都常用于完成时态；如：Myfatherhasworkedinthisfactorysince1970.Myfatherhasworkedinthisfactoryforover30years.⑷by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如：Wewritewithourhandsandwalkwithourfeet.PleasespeakinEnglish.Let’sgotothezoobybus.ItwasinventedbyAdison.⑸about与on的用法区别：都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如：TomisgoingtogiveaspeechonthehistoryofChina.TheyaretalkingabouttheEnglishtest.⑹through与across、over的用法区别：through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”；across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over.如：Justthenakangaroo(鼠)ranacrosstheroad.(就在那时一只袋鼠跑过路面)Thereisabridgeacross/overtheriver.(河上有座桥)Theyclimbedoverthemountainandarrivedthere(他们翻过大山到达了那里)/Thevisitorswentthroughabiggateintoanotherpark.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)(7)as与like的区别：两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。如：Letmespeaktoyouasateacher.(我以老师的身份和你讲话。)Letmespeaktoyoulikeateacher.(让我像一位老师一样和你讲话)(8)infrontof与inthefrontof：infrontof“在…的前面”,与inthefrontof“在…的前部”。如：Agroupofpeoplewasstandinginfrontofthehall.Inthefrontofthehallstoodagroupofpeople.(12)except与besides的区别：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。如：第116页共116页 EveryonewenttotheparkexceptTom.(除了Tom,大家都去了公园)(Tom没有去公园)/Besidesmathshealsostudiedmanyothersubjects.(除了数学之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“数学”也是他学的功课之一)　　连词1.连词概述：连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词，短语或句子，但不单独做句子成分。按照连词的性质，可将连词分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词如：and，but，or，for等，它们即可连接单词，短语，又可连接句子。从属连词如：when，before ，because等，它们主要引导名词性从句。          2.常见连词的用法： 1）并列连词 的用法：  并列连词有：and,but,or,nor,so,foryet,however,aswellas,both...and,notonly...butalso,either...or,neither...nor,still,　      And：  连接单词短语句子 。如：TomandIstudyinthesameschool.            But,or  ：Ihaveapenbutnopencil. /Wouldyoulikecoffeeortea?                         Nothingbut除了，只有： Ididnothingbutwatchit.                         Or表示否则：如：Hurryuporyouwillmissthetrain.            for  表示后面的句子是原因。如：   Heisgoodatpianoforhepracticesharderthanothers.         Notonly…butalso   不仅…而且。可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。主语并列时，谓语要就近一致。如:    NotonlyhebutalsoIamanurse.           Aswellas   以及，同样。并列单词、短语、句子。并列主语时，动词要随前面的主语变化 .如：Heworksaswellashecan            Either…or   既…又…，或…或…，并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 ，如：Eithercomeinorgoout.            Neither…nor    既不…也不，并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，并列主语时，谓语就近一致。如：Neitheryounorheislazy.            Both…and    和，既…也，并列主、谓、宾及表语。IcanspeakbothEnglishandFrench.            nor   也不，引导句子要倒装 。如：Hecannotplaythepiano,norcanI.            so   因此，所以，不和because连用。如：Youlikeswimming,sodoI.1）从属连词的用法： 从属连词有：after,when,before,as,while,since,until,till,if,unless,because,than,that,whether,sothat after    表示“时间”，在…之后。如：AfterIfinishedtheschool,Ibecameaworkerinthefactory.            第116页共116页 Although/though    表示让步，“尽管”。如：     Althoughsheisyoung,sheknowsalot.            as      表示时间，“当…时”，方式“象…”，原因，“由于、因为”让步，“尽管、虽然” 。如：   Asitwasrainy,wecouldn’tgooutnow.            Asif/asthough   表方式，“似乎、好像” 。如：  Hetoldussuchastoryasthoughhehadbeentherebefore.            Aslongas/solongas   表条件，“只要” 。如：  AslongasIamhere,I’llgotohelpyou.            Assoonas    表时间，“一…就…”。如：      IwillcallyouassoonasIcomeback.            because   表原因，“因为”。如：   IhavetopracticemorebecauseIamnotgoodatEnglish.            before  表时间，“在…之前’’ 。如：  Youshouldthinkmorebeforeyoudoit.            Evenif/eventhough    表让步，“即使”。如：   Youshouldtryagainevenifyoufailed.            Hardly…when   表时间，“（刚）一…就”。如：     HardlyIenteredthegatewhenthebellrang.            if    “假如”，引导条件状语从句。如：     Wewillstayathomeiftheraindoesn’tstop.         “是否”，引导宾语从句。如；   Idon’tknowifhegoesshopping.             Inorderthat    表目的，“为了，以便”。如：   Westudyhardinorderthatwecanpasstheexam.            Nomatter+疑问词    表让步，“无论，不管”。如：   Nomatterwhatyoudo,youshouldtryyourbest.            Nosooner…than   表时间，“刚一…就…”。如：   NosoonerhadIcomehomethanitbegantorain.                    once    表时间，“一旦…”。如： Onceyoureadthisbook,you’llneverforgetit.            since   表时间，“自从…以来”.如：   Hehasbeeninthiscitysinceheleftschool.      表原因，“既然，由于” 。如:    Sincethejobisdangerous,let’sdoitmorecarefully.            sofaras/asfaras   表条件，“就…而言，就…而论”.如：AsfarasIknow,itiseasyforyoutospeakinEnglish.            Sothat    表目的，“以便” 。如：   Speakloudsothateverybodycanhearclearly.            So…that     表结果“如此,以致”。如：   Hegotupsoearlythathecaughttheearlybus.             than    表示比较，“比” 。如： Thingswereworsethanwethought.                unless    表条件，“除非，如果不”  。如： Youwillfailinthetestunlessyoustudyhard.            Until/till   表时间，“直到…为止” 。如：   I’llwaittillmymothercomes第116页共116页 back.            when     表时间，“当…时’’。如：  Whentheygotthere,thetrainhasleft.            whether    “是否”引导名词性从句 。如： Whetherhecancometoseeusisunknown.            表让步，“不管/无论、是否”。如：Whethersheisrichorpoor,sheisalwayshappy.            while     表时间，“当…时” 。如： WhilehewasinBeijing,hevisitedtheGreatWall.             whenever  表时间，“无论什么时候”。如：    Wheneveryoumeetanytrouble,tellmeatonce.实战演练(2×50)1.----Howoldareyou? ----I’mfifteen.Iwasborn________1990. A.in   B.at   C.on   2.Istudyforatest_________workingwithagroup.A.in   B.by   C.at    3.Atsunami(海啸)happenedinsomesouthernAsiancountries________December,2004.A.at  B.on  C.in   4.Tim’smumisworried_______herson’sstudyasheplayscomputergamestoomuch.A.for    B.about   C.with   5.Weshouldreturnthebookstothelibrary______time.A.about   B.on   C.by  6.________yourhelp,mymathshasimprovedalot.A.With   B.Without  C.Under  7.Athiefstolemywallet_______thenightofMay1st.A.at   B.in   C.on  8.Jamesislooking________hiscateverywhere.Haveyouseenit?A.like   B.at   C.for  9.It’snotalwaysnecessarytolookupthewords________thedictionarywhilereading.Sometimesweneedtoguess.A.on   B.in    C.at   10.Zhangjiajieisfamous_______itsbeautifulmountains.A.from  B.at   C.for11．Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;on   B.at;on   C.in;in   12.Theplaneisstarting___fiveminutes.A.in   B.at   C.for   13.Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim"sright.第116页共116页 A.on;on   B.in;at   C.in;on14.Shanghaiis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina. A.to;in   B.in;to.   C.on;to   15.1likericedumplings____meat____them.A.in;on   B.with;on   C.with;in16.Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.A.in;from   B.in;for   C.on;from   17.Heputupamap___thebackwallbecausetherewasahole___it.A.on;on   B.at;in   C.on;in   18.ThiskindofTVismade____China..A.in   B.from   C.at   19.Therearesomebirdssinging___thetrees.A.in   B.on   C.at   20.Don"tread____thesun.It"sbad___youreyes.A.in;to   B.under;for   C.with;to   21.Someplanesareflying___thecity.A.through   B.over,   C.on,   22.Amothercamelwaswalking___herson___thedesert.A.without;along   B.with;throughC.nextto;pass   23.Theriverruns____thecity.A.cross   B.through   C.over   24.Myunclelives____56ChanganStreet.A.on  B.of   C.at25.Theyarewaiting___abus___thebusstop.A.for;in   B.on;at   C.for;at26.Isthereanydifference____thesetwosentences?A.for   B.in   C.between27.Ourheadmastershowedthevisitors____ourschool.A.to   B.for   C.around   28.Nobodyknewit____me.A.except   B.beside   C.besides   29.Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English.A.without   B.beside   C.besides   30.---Canyouplayfootball?---Yes,Ican,______Ican"tplayitverywell.A.or B.and C.but 31.Thereissomethingwrong___mybike.A.at  B.in  C.with32.-Hissuddendeathsurprisedhiswife.第116页共116页 -Itwassobad.Hiswifewassurprised____hisdeath.A.by  B.with  C.at  33.Don"tlaugh____him,everyonewillmakemistakes.A.at  B.to  C.about  34.Whatdidyouhave___breakfast?A.at  B.as  C.for  D.about35.HecanspeakEnglish_______Chinese.A.but B.also C.and 36.Physicsisnotsoeasy,_______Ilikeitverymuch.A.but B.or C.since 37.WillTomwaitforherathome______atthelibrary?A.or B.as C.sothat 38.I"llgiveherthegift______Maryarrives.A.so B.before C.assoonas 39.Thewomanwas____angry_____shecouldn"tsayanything.A.neither…nor B.either…or C.so…that40.Ican"tsleepwellatnight,______Ioftenfeelsleepyintheday.A.so B.because C.and 41.Studyhard,______youwillfallbehind.A.and B.but C.or42._________John_______Iarepolicemen. A.Neither...nor B.Either...or C.Both...and 43.Hedidn"tgotosleep______hefinishedhishomework. A.till B.before C.until44.Waitformeintheroom_______Icomeback. A.until B.and C.so 45.Goalongtheroad,_______you"llfindthebookstoreattheendofit. A.when B.and C.or 46.You"llbelate______youdon"tgetupearlytomorrowmorning. A.if B.when C.before 47.Thescientistknowstwolanguages.Hecanspeak_________English_________French.  A.either;or  B.neither;nor  C.both;and  48.Hishobbyis______reading_______collectingstamps.It’sgrowingflowers.第116页共116页   A.either;or  B.both;and   C.neither;nor49.NeitherhenorI_______fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.A.is   B.are  C.am  50.MrSmithcomesfromAmerica,andhehasstudiedChineseinChinafor5years.Soyoucantalkwithhim________.A.eitherinEnglishorinChinese     B.notinChinesebutinEnglish C.justinEnglish,notinChinese     答案：1-5ABCBB6-10ACCBC11-15BACBC16-20BCAAB21-25BBBCC26-30CCACC31-35CCACC　36-40AACCA41-45CCCAB46-50ACCCA专题四代词一、代词概述代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。二、代词分类英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用主要分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词。1、人称代词及其用法1）人称代词主格和宾格人称单、复数主格宾格第一人称单数Ime复数weus第二人称单数youyou复数youyouhehim第116页共116页 第三人称单数sheheritit复数theythem2）人称代词的用法①人称代词主格在句子中担任主语。例如：Shelikeswatchingmovies.她喜欢看电影。TheyhavebeentoAmericatwice..他们到过美国两次。②人称代词宾格在句子中担任动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。例如：Welistentothemandtheyhelpus.我们听他们，他们帮我们。---Whoisknockingatthedoor?--It’sme.—谁在敲门？—是我。1、物主代词及其用法1）形容词性和名词性物主代词人称单、复数形容词性名词性词义第一人称单数mymine我的复数ourours我们的第二人称单数youryours你的复数youryours你们的第三人称单数hishis他的herhers她的itsits它的复数theirtheirs他们的2）物主代词的用法①形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句子中担任定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。例如：Thisismybook.Yourbookisoverthere.这是我的书。你的书在那里。Theyareournewfriends.他们是我们的新朋友。②名词性物主代词语法上相当于名词，意义上相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，经常用其来避免和前面提到的名词重复。例如：Thisismydictionary.Whereisyours(=yourdictionary)?这是我的词典。你的（词典）在哪里？Myideaisjustthesameashis(=hisidea).我的想法正如他的（想法）。3、反身代词及其用法1）反身代词的构成第116页共116页 人称单、复数词形词义第一人称单数myself我自己复数ourselves我们自己第二人称单数yourself你自己复数yourselves你们自己第三人称单数himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己复数themselves他们自己2）反身代词的用法①反身代词在句子中担任动词宾语或介词宾语。例如：Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.这男孩太小了无法照顾自己。Theydidthejoballbythemselves.这件工作他们完全是自己做的。②反身代词常用词组例如：teachoneself自学learnbyoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得愉快hurtoneself伤了自己helponeselfto自便cometooneself苏醒byoneself单独；亲自4、指示代词及其用法1）指示代词：单数this（这）、that（那）；复数these（这些）,those（那些）2）指示代词的用法①this/these用于指代近距离的人或事物。例如：Thisismyfriendandthesearehisnewbooks.这是我的朋友。这些是他的新书。②that/those用于指代远距离的人或事物。例如：Look！ThatgirlinredisKate.瞧！那个穿红衣服的女孩是凯特。③打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。例如：ThisisMarspeaking.IsthatMrsJones?我是玛丽，您是琼斯夫人吗？5、不定代词及其用法不定代词是比较复杂的一类代词，在词形上有简单的不定代词和复合不定代词两种形式，分别列表如下。1）表一：初中阶段常见的简单的不定代词不定代词常用词义some，any一些（人或物）；任何（人或物）第116页共116页 many，much许多（人或物）few，little几乎没有（人或物）afew，alittle有少数或少量（人或物）both两者都all三者及以上都either两者之一；或者……或者neither两者都不none三者及以上都不another三者以上中的任意一个one一个other，others其他的（泛指）theother，theothers其他的（特指）表二：复合不定代词onebodythingsomesomeone某人somebody某人something某事anyanyone任何人anybody任何人anything任何事nonoone没有人nobody没有人nothing没有东西everyeveryone每人everybody每人everything每一件事1）不定代词的用法在实际使用中，普通不定代词多数时候用作形容词修饰名词。①some和any。两者均可修饰可数和不可数名词。一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但在说话人想要得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议的疑问句中用some。例如：Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom,buttherearen’tanyteachers.教室里有一些学生，但没有老师。---Wouldyouliketohavesometeaorcoffee?---Neither,thanks.--想要喝茶还是咖啡？--谢谢，两个都不要。②many和much。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，much修饰不可数名词。两者均可以和表示程度的副词so，too，as，how连用构成toomany/much,somany/much,asmany/muchas,howmany/much.例如：Ihavetoomuchworktodo.我有太多的工作要做。Howdidyoumakesomanymistakes?你怎么会犯这么多错误？第116页共116页 PleasespeakEnglishasmuchaspossible.请尽量说英语。①few,afew和little,alittle.few和afew修饰可数名词，little和alittle修饰不可数名词。few，little表示否定，afew，alittle表示肯定。例如：Heisanewstudentintheschool,sohehasfewfriends.他是本校的新生，所以几乎没有朋友（表示否定）。IhavesolittlemoneythatIcan’taffordthenewmagazine.Canyoulendmesome?我几乎没钱了，买不起这本杂志（表示否定）。你能借我一些吗？---CanIhaveafewwordswithyou,MrsBrown?–Sure,Ihavealittletime.–布朗夫人，我可以和你说几句话吗（表示肯定）？--当然可以，我有一点点时间（表示肯定）。④both和all。both只能用于指代两者，all指代三者或以上的人或物。例如：Myparentsarebothteachers.BothmybrotherandIarestudents.WeallliveinChangsha.我父母亲都是老师。我哥和我是学生。我们都生活在长沙。⑤either，neither和none。either只能是“两者中取其一”，neither是“两者都不”，是both的反义词，none“都不”是all的反义词。例如：Eitheryouoryoursisterhastohelpyourdadinthegarden.你或者你姐姐得帮助你爸爸在花园里干活。（只要一个人帮助爸爸干活即可）---Wouldyoulikesomemilkorcoffee?–Neither.Justwater,please.—你想要牛奶还是咖啡？--都不要，水就可以。Theyareallteenagers.Noneofthemshouldbeallowedtosmoke.他们都是青少年，谁都不应该获许抽烟。⑥other,others,theother,theothers.概括地说，不带the的为泛指，带the的为特指，带s的指代复数的人或物，不带s的指代单数的人或物。例如：BeijingislargerthantheothercitiesinChina.北京比中国其他城市大。LeiFengwasalwaysreadytohelpothers(=otherpeople)。雷锋乐于助人。Ihaveonlytwogoodfriends.OneisJack,theotherisDavid.我只有两个好朋友，一个是杰克，另一个是大卫。Iboughtsixnewbooksyesterday.OneisEnglish,theothers(=theotherbooks)areChinese.我昨天买了六本书。一本是英语，其余的（书）都是中文。⑦one,another,one指代上文提到过的单数可数名词，避免重复。another指的是三者以上中的任意一者，还可以表达“额外添加”的意思。例如：Thisbuildingistallerthanthatone.这个建筑比那栋高。Ihavealreadyspenthalfanhouronthejob,butIneedanothertenminutestofinishit.第116页共116页 我已经花了半个小时做这件工作，但是我还要十分钟才能够完成。⑧复合不定代词的句法功能可以参考some、any、no、every的用法。但下列几点必须注意：a）复合不定代词在句子中担任主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Isthereanythingwrongwiththecomputer?电脑出问题了吗？Everybodyishere.Let’sbeginthemeeting.大家到齐了，我们开会吧。b）修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在他们的后面，做后置定语。例如：Bequiet,please.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.请安静，我有重要的事情要告诉你们。4、疑问代词及其用法疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词主要用法例句who“谁”，主格形式作主语Whocananswerthequestion?Whoisthemanoverthere?whom“谁”，宾格形式，口语中往往被who代替Whom/whomareyoutalkingto?whose“谁的”所有格形式Whoseexercisebookisthis?Whoseisthisexercisebook?what询问不定书目中的“哪个”、“哪些”，没有范围的限定；也可用于询问某人的职业Whatareyougoingtodo?Whatclassareyouin?Whatisyourmother?which“哪个”、“哪些”，询问一定范围内特指的人或物Whichclassareyouin,Class1orClass2?第116页共116页 实战演练(2×50)计分:1---Isthatmaninblueyourfather?---No,_______ismyheadmaster.A.heB.himC.she2.---Laura,thisismybackpack.Whereis_______?---Mineisoverthere.A.yourB.yoursC.his3.---Isthewomanwhowalkedpastjustnowyourteacher?---Yes,sheteaches_____Chinese.A.usB.ourC.ours4.---IsDavid_________cousinortheirs?---Heismycousin.A.yourB.yoursC.you5.Excuseme,_____penisbroken.MayIuse________?A.my,yourB.I,yoursC.my,yours6.---IsthisyourMP4,Mike?---No,it’s______.A.hisB.herC.my7.WemustlearnEnglishby__________.A.usB.ourC.ourselves8.Couldyoulendme______bike?Ilost______lastSaturday.A.your,myB.your,mineC.yours,mine9.---Whotaught_____German?---Nobody.Shelearnedallby_______.A.she,herB.her,herselfC.hers,herself10.---Whichwouldyoulike,breadorrice?---______ofthem.I’mfullnow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.All11.---_______doesyourcousinlooklike?---He’stallandthin.A.WhatB.WhoC.Which12.Believeyourself.You’rebetterthan________.You’rethebest.Wishyousuccess.A.anyoneelseB.someelseC.elseanyone13.Mostyoungpeoplefind_______excitingtowatchafootballmatch.A.itB.thisC.that第116页共116页 14.---_______areyoutalkingabout?----TheOlympicGamesinBeijing.A.WhatB.HowC.Whom15.---WhataboutthisT—shirt?---Idon’tlikethecolor.Pleaseshowme_____one.A.otherB.theotherC.another16.---Didyouenjoy____attheparty,Jimmy?–Yes,Mum.Ienjoyed___verymuch.A.yours,ourselvesB.yourselves,myselfC.yourself,myself17.Theythreewereallverytired,but______ofthemwouldstoptohavearest.A.someB.noneC.all18.Thereis______knockingatthedoor.Goandseewhoitis.A.someoneB.anybodyC.nobody19.DoyouknowthegirlbetweenLucyand______?A.sheB.hisC.me20.---Couldyoutellme______todonext?---Nothingmore.Let’shavearest.A.whatB.howC.when21.---Canweputoursportsshoeshere?---Oh,yes.Put______here,please.A.themB.theirC.they22.---______didMrWangleaveinahurry?---Perhapstomeetafriend.Whoknows?A.WhereB.ForwhatC.Withwhom23._____isn’teasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Butdon’tgiveitup.A.ThatB.ItC.This24.---Hello!---_______isMaryspeaking.Is______Lily?---Yes,speaking.A.This,thisB.This,thatC.That,this25.---WhotoldyouSamandKittygotmarried?---Afriendof_______.A.youB.herC.mine26．Therearemanytallbuildingson_______sidesofthestreet.A.eitherB.allC.both27IaskedbothMaryandLucytomybirthdayparty,but________ofthemcancome.第116页共116页 A.bothB.neitherC.all28．---Mum,LiMingboughtaparrotyesterday.Couldyoupleasebuy____forme?---Sure.Butyoumusttakegoodcareofit.A.oneB.itC.that29．TheweatherinHengyangisdifferentfrom______inBeijing.A.oneB.itC.that30．Asweallhavegrownup,weshouldlearntolookafter________.A.ourselvesB.usC.myself31．Neversayyou’reafool.Everyoneisgoodat________.A.somethingB.anythingC.everything32Ilikepopmusic,but_______myfather_______mymotherlikesit.A.both;andB.either;orC.neither;nor33．---Whenshallwegotothemuseum,thisafternoonortomorrowmorning?---_______isOK.I’mfreethesedays.A.BothB.AllC.Either34Thereareonly_________newwordsinthepassage,butIknow_____ofthem.A.some;allB.afew;noneC.lotsof;afew35---Whoissinginginthenextroom?---_______mustbeMarie.A.ItB.SheC.This36．ThemachinesmadeinChinaarecheaperthan________madeinJapan.A.onesB.thatC.those37---TwoEveningPapers,please!---Onlyonecopyleft.Wouldyouliketohave___,sir?A.oneB.itC.this38---Doyouliketalkingwithyourfriendsonthephoneoronmobilephone?---_________.IenjoyusingQQ.A.EitherB.NeitherC.None39Thepearsinmybasketaresmallerthan_______inJim’s.A.thoseB.thatC.ones第116页共116页 40．Wecan’tleaveourgrandparentsby_________.A.theyB.themC.themselves41．---CanItalktoyouforaminute,Brian?---Sure.Ihave______time.A.afewB.littleC.alittle42．---Is_______heretoday?---No.HanMeiisn’there.Maybeshe’sill.A.someoneB.anyoneC.everyone43．---Haveyoufinishedyourtask?---No,I’llfinishitin_______tenminutes.A.lessB.otherC.another44．MrsWhitehastwochildren._______isadriver,and______isanurse.A.One;anotherB.One;theotherC.One;other45．Theoldwomanasked_______,“WhatshouldIdo?”A.herselfB.herC.hers46．EitheryouorI_______right.A.isB.amC.areD.be47Wefound_______necessarytoprotecttheenvironment.A.itB.thisC.that48．Itwas________finedaythattheywenttothepark.A.soaB.asoC.sucha49．_________wentsurfingatthebeachbecauseoftheterribleweather.A.SomeoneB.NooneC.Nothing50．---______didMrWangleaveinahurry?---Perhapstomeetafriend.Whoknows?A.HowB.WhereC.Forwhat1-5ABAAC6-10ACBBB11-15AAAAC16-20CBACB21-25ABBBC26-30CBACA31-35ACCBA36-40CBBAC41-45CCCBA46-50BACBC第116页共116页 专题五形容词、副词一、形容词1、形容词概述形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。大部分形容词直接说明事物的性质或特征，有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot热的，beautiful美丽的。有的形容词只能作表语，没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。例如：afraid害怕的，asleep睡着的。2、形容词的用法1）作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前面。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为词尾的词语即复合不定代词时，要放在这些词之后。例如：Whataninterestingmovieitis!多有趣的一部电影啊！Thereisnothinginterestingintoday’snewspaper.今天的报纸没有什么有趣的内容。2）作表语放在系动词后面。例如：Thefoodsmellsdelicious.食物闻起来很香。3）位于宾语后做宾语补足语。例如：Youmustkeepyourclassroomcleanandtidy.你们必须保持教室干净整洁。4）少数形容词只能作表语，如：afraid,asleep,awake,alone,alive,well（健康的）,ill，sorry，glad，sure，pleased等。例如：Heisaloneintheclassroom.他独自在教室。Shehasbeenasleepforthreehours.她睡了三个小时了。5）某些形容词之前加上冠词the表示一类人，如therich,thepoor,theyoung,theold,thedeaf,theblind,theliving,thedead,thehungry等。例如：Therichshouldhelpthepoor.富人应该帮助穷人。第116页共116页 Theyoungshouldbepolitetotheold.年轻人对老年人应该有礼貌。二、副词1、副词概述副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，其他副词或句子。2、副词的分类和用法1）时间副词：如now，today，yesterday，soon等，在句子中担任时间状语，是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。例如：Thereisgoingtobeaclassmeetingtomorrow.明天将有一个班会。Theyvisitedtheaquariumyesterday.他们昨天参观了水族馆。2）频度副词：如sometimes，often,always,usually等，在句子中担任时间状语，是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。例如：Theyhaveneverseeneachotherbefore.他们以前从未见过面。Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?你们周末通常做什么？3）地点副词：如here,there,home,somewhere,anywhere，outside等，在句子中担任地点状语。例如：Ihavelookedformypeneverywhere,butIcan’tfinditanywhere.我到处找了我的钢笔，但哪儿都没看见。4）方式副词：如slowly,quickly,fast,luckily,easily等，在句子中担任方式状语。这类副词大都由“形容词+ly”构成。例如：Pleasespeakmoreslowlysothatwecanhearyouclearly.请慢点说以便我们能够听清楚你说的内容。5）程度副词：如very,quite,rather,too,much,so等，在句子中修饰形容词或其他副词，作状语。例如：It’smuchtoohotinChangshathesedays.这些天长沙太热了。Thelittleboycanplaytheguitarverywell.这小男孩吉他弹得非常好。6）疑问副词：如when,where,why,how,howlong,howsoon,howoften,howfar，howold等，放在句首构成特殊疑问句。第116页共116页 例如：Howsoonwillyourfatherbebackhome?你爸过多久回到家？Howoftendoyougotothemovie?你们隔多久看一次电影？7）关系副词：如when,where,why,how等，用来引导相关从句。例如：WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOlanded?UFO着陆时你在干什么？I‘dliketogosomewherewherepeoplearefriendly.我想去人们友好的地方。3、副词的位置总的来说，很多副词的位置比较灵活，在句子开头、中间、结尾都可以。但是请注意下面几点：1）频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。例如：Heisneverlateforschool.他上学从不迟到。HeusuallygoestoseehisgrandparentsonSaturday.他通常周六去看望爷爷奶奶。2）enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Thelittleboyisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.小男孩没到上学的年龄。Heranfastenoughtocatchthethief.他跑得够快，抓住了小偷。三、形容词和副词的比较等级1、形容词和副词比较等级的构成绝大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级（原形）、比较级和最高级，他们的构成规则大致相同。列表如下：表一：规则变化构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节一般直接在词尾加-er，-esttallshorttallershortertallestshortest第116页共116页 词和少数双音节词以不发音的e结尾的加-er，-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargestheavyheavierheaviest以辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-er，-estearlyearlierearliest以重读闭音节结尾、且词尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er，-estthinbigthinnerbiggerthinnestbiggest多音节词和部分双音节词（尤其是带词缀的双音节词）在原级前加more，mostinterestingimportantquicklymoreinterestingmoreimportantmorequicklymostinterestingmostimportantmostquickly表二：不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestmany,muchmoremostbad,ill,badlyworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther较远（字面意义）further进一步（引申意义）farthest最远（字面意义）furthest最大限度（引申意义）oldolder年纪较大的（用于比较级）elder较年长的（只用作定语）oldest年纪最大的（用于最高级）eldest最年长的（只用作定语）2、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法1）两者之间进行比较用比较级。其常见句子结构为：A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B。例如：Thistreeistallerthanthatone.这棵树比那棵树高。LilyhasmorefriendsthanI.莉莉比我朋友多。第116页共116页 TomrunsfasterthanJim.汤姆比吉姆跑得快。注：可以用程度副词alittle,alot,abit,much,even,still,far等修饰比较级，表示比较的程度差异。例如：ItismuchhotterinChangshathanthatinBeijinginsummer.长沙的夏天比北京的夏天热得多。HestudiesEnglishalotharderthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.他学英语比班上其他同学努力得多。2）在三者或三者以上的人或物之间进行比较时用最高级，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前the可加可不加，句子中常有in或of短语来表示比较的范围。其常见句子结构为：A+谓语动词+the+最高级+比较范围。例如：ChangjiangisthelongestriverinChina.长江是中国最长的河流。Rrucerunsfastestofthethree.布鲁斯是三个人中跑得最快的。3）表示A和B在某一方面相同或不及时用同级比较。其常见句型为：A+谓语动词+as+原级+as+B。其否定结构为：A+谓语动词(not)+as/so+原级+as+B。例如：EnglishisasimportantasChinese.英语和语文一样重要。MathisnotasinterestingasHistory.数学不如历史有趣味。HespeaksEnglishaswellasChinese.他英语和汉语说得一样好。Shedoesn’tdoherhomeworkascarefullyasherbrother.她做作业不如她哥哥细心。4）选择疑问句比较级和最高级的句型分别为：“疑问词+谓语动词+比较级，AorB？”和“疑问词+谓语动词+最高级，A，BorC？”例如：Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?太阳或地球，哪个更大？Whichisthebiggest,thesun,theearthorthemoon?太阳、地球或月亮，哪个最大？Whoplayssoccerbetter,DavidorMartin?戴维或马丁，谁足球踢得更好？Whoplayssoccerbest,David,MartinorBill?戴维、马丁或比尔，谁足球踢得最好？5）表示“越……就越……”时，其句型为“the+比较级，the+比较级”。例如：Themoretrees,thebetter.树木越多越好。第116页共116页 Theharderyoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.学习越努力，成绩就越好。6）表示“越来越……”时，用比较级的叠加形式，即：比较级+and+比较级。例如：It’sgettinghotterandhotter.天气越来越热了。Thecityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.城市越来越漂亮了。实战演练(2×50)计分:1InHuaihuait’s________insummer,butitiseven_______inChangsha.A.hotter,hottestB.hot,hotterC.hotter,hot2Thesealooksvery_____whenthesunisshiningonit.A.beautifulB.morebeautifulC.themostbeautiful3Canyougoshoppingwithme?Ihave_______tobuy.A.somethingusefulB.usefulsomethingC.nothinguseful4Atmybirthdayparty,myfriendHelenis_______tomakeusall_______.A.enoughfunny,laughB.funnyenough,laughC.enoughfunny,tolaugh5The2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijing.What_____newstousallatthatmoment!A.anexcitingB.anexcitedC.exciting6Hisfatherbegantoworkas________ashewasseventeen.A.oldB.earlyC.far7Henryisalittle_________thanBill.A.strongB.strongerC.strongest8________,thehealthieryouwillbe.A.ThemoremoneyyougetB.ThetalleryouareC.Thebetterhabitsyouhave9ThedoctortoldMarytoeat_________vegetablesand_______meatbecauseshewasgettingfatterandfatter.A.much;littleB.more;lessC.many;few10---Whatdoyouthinkofthelecture(演讲)ofLiYang’sCrazyEnglish?---Ithinkit’s________,butsomeonethinksit’smuchtoo_______.A.wonderfulenough;boredB.enoughwonderful;boringC.wonderfulenough;boring11Shetoldusastory.Hervoicesounded________.第116页共116页 A.sweetB.smallC.clearlyD.sadly12---Ithinkourchemistryteacherisworkinghard.Heteachesus_______.---Yes,buthehasn’tcometoday.Hedoesn’tfeel_______.A.good;wellB.well;wellC.well;good13---Mum,couldIhaveanMP3likethis?---Certainly,wecanbuy_______one,butasgoodasthis.A.acheapB.acheapestC.acheaper14Thissweaterdoesn’tsuitme.It’sabitsmall.Couldyougiveme______one?A.alargeB.alargerC.thelargest15Thismathproblemis________thatone.A.notsoeasyasB.moreeasythanC.easythan16Whenwintercomes,thedaysget________.A.shortandshortB.shorterandshorterC.longandlong17Paulisthe_______ofthetwochildreninhisfamily.A.mostfattestB.fattestC.fatter18---Thiscakeisdelicious.---Well,atleastitis________theoneIbakedlastweek.A.asworseasB.asbetterthanC.notworsethan19Theyhavejustcleanedthewindows,sotheroomlooks_______.A.muchbrighterB.morebrightC.lessbright20---Whydidn’tyouenjoythetalk?---Itwas________talkthatIhadeverlistenedto.A.themostinterestingB.theleastinterestingC.moreinteresting21Shanghaiisbiggerthan_________inAustralia.A.anycityB.anycitiesC.anyothercity22---YouhavegotthesameshirtasI---Yes.Mineis______,butnotso______asyours.A.better;expensiveB.better;moreexpensiveC.morebetter;expensive23Nowtheairinourtownis_______thanitusedtobe.Somethingmustbedonetostopit.A.verygoodB.muchbetterC.evenworse24It’s_______todaythanyesterday.A.quitecolderB.alittlecolderC.muchcold25Whoruns______,TomorJim?A.fastB.fasterC.fastest第116页共116页 26Weshoulduse______plasticbagstoprotectourenvironment.A.moreB.lessC.fewer27---________isLucky52shownonCCTV-2?---Everyweek.A.HowfarB.HowoftenC.Howlong28Myclassmatesdon’tsmoke.Idon’t,________.A.tooB.neitherC.either29---Whatdoyouthinkofthefootballmatch?---Wonderful.Theyhaveneverplayed______.A.bestB.betterC.worse30Thoughtheplayerisoverthirty,hecanstillrun______someyoungerplayers.A.asfastasB.sofastasC.muchfastthan31---YouarestandingtooneartotheTV.Canyoumoveabit_______?---OK,Mom.Isitallrighthere?A.fasterB.slowerC.fartherD.nearer32Thoughhehasstudied____atRussianfortenmonths,hecanstill_____speakthelanguage.A.hard;hardB.hardly;hardlyC.hard;hardly33Don’tworry,sir.I’msureIcanrun______tocatchupwithhim.A.fastenoughB.enoughfastC.slowlyenough34Ofallthestudents,Lindadraws________carefully.A.mostB.muchC.more35WangPingdoes______inphysicsofallthesubjects.A.badlyB.mostbadlyC.worst36---HowdoesBilldrivenow,Sue?---Hedrives_______me.A.muchmorecarefulthanB.ascarefulasC.evenmorecarefullythan37Pleasewritetomeas______aspossible.A.soonB.quicklyC.fast38ouwillrealizetheimportanceofmasteringaforeignlanguage______inthefuture.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimes39It’s_______abeautifulstamp.A.quiteB.tooC.very40Bobneverdoeshishomework_______Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulasB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyas第116页共116页 41Amongthethreeboysheworksperhapsthe____________.A.hardB.harderC.hardestD.mosthard42Shealwaysfinishesherhomeworkontime.She_______leavesitfortomorrow.A.alwaysB.neverC.usually43Themorewelookatthepicture,______.A.thebetterwelikeditB.thelesswelikeitC.welikeitless44Whousedtogetup________inyourclassduringthesummertrip?A.earlierB.earliestC.themostearly45---Doyouprefermusictodrawing?---No.Ilikedrawing_______.A.wellB.mostC.better46Don’tworry.We’vegot________forallofyou.A.bigenougharoomB.enoughbigaroomC.abigenoughroom47Canyouimaginethat_______littleantscancarry______manybigworms?A.so;soB.such;suchC.such;soD.so;such48---DidHanMeimeipickalotofapples?---Yes.Shepicked_______thananyofus.A.manymoreB.muchmoreC.themost49---Whojumpedthe_______ofallinthelongjump?---LiLeidid.A.longestB.longerC.farthest50Beijinghas_____manybusesthatthereisoftenatrafficjaminrushhours.A.soB.veryC.too01-05BAABC06-10BBCBC11-15ABCBA16-20BCCAB21-25AACBB26-30CBCBA31-35CCAAC36-40CAAAB41-45CBBBC46-50CCACA第116页共116页 专题六动词的分类一、动词概述及分类根据其句法功能，动词可以分为四大类，列表如下。动词1、实义动词（行为动词）及物动词+宾语，构成主谓宾句型+双宾语，构成主谓双宾句型+复合宾语，构成主位复宾句型不及物动词2、连系动词be,seem,look,sound,smell,turn,get,become等+表语，构成主系表句型3、助动词be+doing，构成进行时+done，构成被动语态have+done，构成完成时态+beendoing，构成完成进行时态肯定式do（does，did）；否定式：don’t（doesn’t，didn’t）帮助行为动词的一般现在时、一般过去时构成疑问句；帮助行为动词的一般现在时、一般过去时构成否定与will,shall,should,would+动词原形构成将来时4、情态动词can,may,must,might,could等后接动词原形一起构成谓语二、实义动词及用法实义动词也叫行为动词，是四类动词中唯一能独立作谓语的一类动词。根据其句法功能可以分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。第116页共116页 1、及物动词及物动词本身意义不够完整，需要后接宾语才能使其意思完整。1）动词+宾语，构成主谓宾句型。例如：Couldyoupleasecleantheblackboard?请你擦黑板好吗？WelearnEnglisheveryday.我们每天学习英语。2）动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语/动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，构成主谓双宾句型。有的动词必须在后面带表示人的间接宾语和表示物的直接宾语，即两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。例如：WhoteachesyouEnglish?谁教你们英语？Pleasepassmethebook.=Pleasepassthebooktome.请把那本书递给我。Mymotherboughtmeasnowglobeonmybirthday.=Mymotherboughtasnowglobeformeonmybirthday.我过生日时我妈买给我一个雪球。常见的带双宾语的动词有：pass,give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,cook,teach,tell,write,read,return,ask,show等。3）动词+宾语+宾语补足语，构成主谓复宾句型。有的动词必须在宾语后再加上形容词、副词、名词、不定式、-ing形式、介词短语等做宾语补足语，构成复合宾语，句子意思才能够表达完整。例如：Pleasekeepthedooropen.请让门开着。（形容词open做宾补）Ioftenseethechildrenplayinthepark。我经常看见孩子们在公园里玩。（不带to的不定式play做宾补）.YoucancallmeMrsJones.你们可以称呼我琼斯夫人。（名词MrsJones做宾补）动词see,hear,watch,make,let,have,notice,find等经常以动词不定式或-ing形式做宾补。2、不及物动词1）不及物动词自身意思完整，无需再接宾语。例如：Horsesrunfast。马儿跑得快。Hesingswell.他唱得好。第116页共116页 2）很多不及物动词也可以用作及物动词，还有的不及物动词后带上某个介词就成了带宾语的及物动词。例如：Theyarereading.他们在朗读。（read为不及物动词）TheyarereadingEnglish.他们在朗读英语。（read为及物动词）Heiswaitingatthebusstop.他在公交车站等。（wait为不及物动词）Heiswaitingformeatthebusstop.他在公交车站等我。（waitfor为及物动词，带me做宾语）三、连系动词连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和其后面的表语一起构成合成谓语，说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份。常见的连系动词有be，become（变得、成为），get（变得），look（看起来），seem（似乎、好像），turn（变得），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸起来）等。除be以外的连系动词大多数时候是实义动词，他们用作连系动词时多数没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。例如：Heisangry.他生气了。Hegotangryatthenews.听到这个消息他生气了。Thatsoundsgood.那听起来不错。Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.春天来临，树叶转绿。Chinaisgettingstrongerandstronger.中国正变得越来越强大。四、助动词助动词本身没有词义或意思不完整，不能单独作谓语。它们的主要作用是帮助构成时态、语态、疑问句或否定句等。1、助动词be（am,is,are,was,were）1)be+doing（现在分词）,构成进行时例如：Theyarelisteningtomusic.他们在听音乐。（be的现在时形式帮助构成现在进行时）TheywerewalkingdownthestreetwhentheUFOlanded.（be的过去时形式帮助构成过去进行时）第116页共116页 2）be+done（及物动词的过去分词）,构成被动语态例如：ThelightbulbwasinventedbyThomasEdison.电灯泡是由托马斯.爱迪生发明的。（be的过去时形式帮助构成过去时的被动语态）Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.教室每天打扫。（be的现在时形式帮助构成现在时的被动语态）Theproblemwillbesolvednextweek.这个问题将在下周得到解决。（be的将来时形式帮助构成将来时的被动语态）2、have(has,had)1）have/has/had+done（动词的过去分词），构成完成时态。例如：Theyhavealreadydonetheirhomework.他们已经完成作业。（have+过去分词构成现在完成时）Hehasn’tcomeyet.他还没有回来。（has+过去分词构成现在完成时）ThebushadgonewhenIgottothebusstop.我到达车站时公交车已经离开。（had+过去分词构成过去完成时）2）have/has/had+been+doing（动词的现在分词），构成完成进行时态。例如：Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?你收集贝壳有多长时间了？HehasbeenstudyingEnglishsincefiveyearsago.他从5年前开始就一直在学习英语。3、助动词do/does/did助动词do/does/did主要帮助构成疑问句，也可用于倒装句、强调句或代替上文提到过的行为等。他们的否定式don’t/doesn’t/didn’t帮助构成否定句。例如：Doesheoftenplaysportsafterschool?他经常放学后做运动吗？Wedon’tspeakJapanese.我们不说日语。DidtheyvisitthePalaceMuseumontheirlastdayoff?他们上个休息日参观故宫了吗？Shedidn’twatchTVyesterdayevening.她昨晚上没看电视。4、助动词will,shall,would,should第116页共116页 助动词will,shall主要用于构成一般将来时，其中will可用于各人称，而shall一般只用于第一人称。would，should是will，shall的过去式，可以用于构成过去将来时，但很多时候被用作情态动词。例如：Therewillbemoretreesandlesspollutioninthefuture.将来会有更多的树木，更少的污染。（帮助构成一般将来时）Shallwegototheparkontheweekend?我们周末去公园好吗？（一般将来时，用于提出建议）Theysaidtheywouldcomethenextday.他们说他们第二天来。（帮助构成过去将来时）Wouldyoumindmyturningdowntheradio?你介意我关小收音机吗？（用于礼貌地提出建议）Youshouldliedownandrest.你应该躺下休息。（用于提供建议）5、情态动词can,may,must,might,could等情态动词具有一定的词义，用以表达说话人的态度或情感，必须和后面的实义动词一起构成合成谓语。（请详见专题七情态动词）实战演练(2×30)计分:1Goodnews,boys!Thereisgoingto______abasketballmatchnextweek.A.haveB.hasC.be2KangkanghardlyhaslunchatschoolonSunday,________?A.doesheB.hasheC.doesn’the3YouhadagoodtimeduringtheMayDayholiday,_______you?A.hadn’tB.didn’tC.haven’t4---She’sbackfromAustralia,_________she?---Yes,shecamebacklastnight.A.wasn’tB.hasn’tC.isn’t5Linda,please______theseflowers______theclassroom.A.bring;inB.take;inC.take;to6---WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?---________.A.Yes,IwouldmindB.No,Ididn’tC.No,notatall7---Howlong_______you_______thisTVset?---Forfiveyears.第116页共116页 A.did;buyB.have;hadC.were;buying8Shehasfinishedherhomework,________?A.hasn’tsheB.doessheC.hasshe9Thisweek,theweather___tochangeeveryday:Onedayishot,thenextiscold.A.seemsB.looksC.sounds10ItoldmymotherIwasn’tworriedaboutmyexam.Butinfact,I_____.A.didB.wasC.have11---When______yourmother_______youthatbluedress,Mary?---Sorry,Ireallycan’tremember.A.does;buyBhas;boughtC.did;buy12---Youseemtoknowmuchaboutthecity.---That’strue.I____itthreetimes.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.havevisited13Hi,Mr.Smith.Ididn’tknowyouwereinNewYork.Howlong____here?A.haveyoucomeB.wereyouC.haveyoubeen14Timegoesbyfast.Wemustnevermissthechancetoshowlovetoourparentsandmakethem___howmuchtheymeantous.A.toknowB.knowingC.know15----It’sasecretbetweenus.Don’ttellanybody!-----Sure,_____.AI,doBI,won’tCIwill16---Excuseme.Youshouldn’tsmokehere.Lookatthesign“NOSMOKINGHERE”.---Sorry,I________it.A.doesn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.didn’tsee17There_______alotofchangesheresince1980.A.havebeenB.havehadC.willbe18Thecardoesn’twork.What______we_______?A.do;doB.are;doingC.shall;do19Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It_______goodtolieinthesunorswiminthewater.A.doesB.feelsC.gets20Hetoldmehe______careofmychildwhileI______away.A.willtake;amB.took;wasC.wouldtake;was21JeanwantstogotoChinabutshe______money.第116页共116页 A.doesn’thaveB.doesn’thavenoC.doeshave22Inourschoollibrarythere______anumberofbooksonscienceandthenumberofthem_______growinglargerandlarger.A.is;areB.are;isC.has;is23Willyouplease______meyourmathbookthisafternoon?A.lendingB.lendC.tolend24---Doyouplanttreesinspring?---Yes.Manytrees_______inourcityeveryyear.A.areplantingB.areplantedC.wereplanted25NowChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.It____inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.istaught26---DoyouknowtheWinterOlympicGames?---Sure.OncetheWinterOlympics_______theWhiteOlympics.A.callB.calledC.wascalled27Childrenshould_____nottobreakthetrafficrules.A.tellB.betellingC.betold28---What’swrongwithyou,Sandy?Youlooksoworried.---Mypetcat_______byacarthisafternoon.Anditisinhospitalnow.A.ishitB.washitC.hit29---Mum,canIgoskatingnow?---Well,youmaygoafteryourhomework_______.A.hasfinishedB.willfinishC.isfinished30Weareoftentold______atpeoplewhoareintrouble.A.nottosmileB.tosmileC.nottolaugh1-5CABBC6-10CBAAB11-15CCCCB16-20CACBC21-25ABBBC26-30CCBCC第116页共116页 专题七情态动词、系动词在英语中，表示主语动作或状态的词就叫做动词。根据动词的意义及在句子中的作用，可将动词分为实义动词(v)、系动词(link-v)、情态动词(modalverb)和助动词(v.aux)四种类型。下面我们就来看看情态动词和系动词的具体用法。一、情态动词情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，要和动词原形一起构成谓语，表说话人的语气和态度。它没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：1.can表示能力，有“能”“会”的意思；表示可能性，多用在否定或疑问句中；表示请求和许可。如：Theparrotcanspeakthreelanguages.这只鹦鹉能讲三种语言。CanIborrowthebookfromthelibrary？我可以从图书棺借这本书吗？ShanghaicanbeverycoldinMarch.上海三月份可能会很冷。拓展延伸can还有过去式could可表“能，会”，又可以和beableto替换，而beableto有更多时态。如：Hecouldswimwhenhewasfour.=Hewasabletoswimwhenhewasfour.他四岁时就会游泳。在一般疑问句中，can/could常用来表示请求或征求对方意见，用could比用can语气更加委婉和客气。类似用法的还有Will/Wouldyou(please)…等句型。如：CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?你能告诉我怎样到邮局吗？Wouldyoupleaseturnuptheradio？请你把收音机开大点，好吗？2.may表示“许可”时，相当于can，其否定回答用can’t/mustn’t；表推测时，常用在肯定句中，表“可能”。如：-MayIborrowyourruler？我可以借用您的直尺吗？-No,youcan"t/mustn"t.不行。Shemaybeateacher.她可能是一名教师。第116页共116页 拓展延伸may可表示祝愿。如：Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!3.must表示“必须；必要”，以“must”开头的一般疑问句其肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用“needn"t”或“don"thaveto”。must表推测时，常用在肯定句中，是“一定”的意思，其否定形式mustn"t表“禁止”的意思。如：-MustIleavenow？现在我必须离开吗？-No，youneedn"t/youdon"thaveto.没有必要。ThisbookmustbeLucy"s.Look!Hernameisonthebookcover.这本书是露西的。看！封面上还有她的名字。Youmustn"tdrawonthewall.你不准在墙上画画。拓展延伸must表示说话人的主观看法，只有一般现在时；haveto强调客观要求，有时态、人称和数的变化。如：Mymotherisill.Ihavetolookafterhernow.妈妈病了，我得去照看她。4.need作情态动词时，常用在否定和疑问句中，表示“需要；要”的意思。如：Needwefinishtheworknow？现在我们需要完成这项工作吗？Theyneedn"tlookafterhim.他们不需要照顾他了。拓展延伸need还可以用作行为动词，可以用于各种句型。如：Doesheneedanyhelp?他需要帮助吗？Thedeskneedsrepairing.这张桌子需要修理。5.shall用于第一人称，表示说话人征求对方意见，过去式为should；will用手第二人称的疑问句中，表示说话人向对方提出请求和建议，过去式为would。如：ShallIgoshoppingwithyou？"我可以同你去购物吗？Idon"tknowwhatIshoulddonext.我不知道下一步该干什么。Wouldyoupleasecomealittleearlier？请你来早一点好吗?6.情态动词hadbetter的用法(1)hadbetter后接动词原形，表劝告、建议，意为“最好”。“You"dbetter…”含有强制命令的语气，对长辈不宜使用。第116页共116页 如：You"dbetteraskthatpolicemanoverthere.你最好问一下那边的那个警察。(2)慎用hadbetter!注意以下四条：①hadbetter表达的是说话者强硬性的建议，告诫别人(包括自己)如何做。如：Granny,thehospitalisnotverynear.We"dbettercatchabus.奶奶，医院不是很近。我们最好坐公共汽车。②hadbetter不用于礼貌的请求或征询，它隐含一种警告或威胁。如：You"dbetterfinishtheworktodayandbringittomorrow.你最好今天就把作业完成，明天带来。③hadbetter意思接近should，但它除了表示语气强硬以外，还表示马上要去做的事情，比should更紧迫。如：You’dbetterseeadoctoratonce.你最好马上去看医生。④hadbetter不含比较的意思，该结构表示“Itwouldbegoodto…”，而不是“Itwouldbebetterto…”。二、系动词系动词有实际意义，但不能单独做谓语，必须与表语一起构成句子的谓语，说明主语的性质、状态或身份等。它分为完全系动词和不完全系动词。1．完全系动词(be)可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、句子做表语。如：I"mastudent.我是个学生。(名词)Heisfine.他很好。(形容词)Itisme.是我。(代词)Areyouthere？你在那儿吗？(副词)Sheisatschool.她在学校读书。(介词短语)Heistocomesoon.他过会儿该来了。(不定式)MyjobisteachingEnglish.我的工作是教英语。(动词的ing形式)Myideaisthatwewillstartnow.我的想法是我们现在就开始。(句子)2．不完全系动词(get，turn，feel，smell，look，sound，taste)一般只接形容词做表语。如：Whenspringcomes,itgetswarmerandwarmer.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。Foodmaygobadsoonifitisnotputintoafridge.食物如果不放进冰箱里就会很快变坏。Mybrotherbecame/turnedateacherafterhisgraduation.我哥哥毕业后就当上了老师。(注意become和turn的用法区别)实战演练(2×50)计分:1.--Mary,____youspeakChinese?--Yes,butonlyalittle.A.willB.canC.could第116页共116页 2.--MustIdotheworknow?--No,you____.Youcandoitlater.A.can"tB.mustn"tC.needn’t3.--Ican"tstopsmoking,doctor.--Foryourhealth,I"mafraidyou____.A.canB.needC.must4.--Whosebookisit?--It____beBob"ssister"s.Sheisonlyababy.A.mustB.mustn"tC.can"t5.--Jilllookssopainful,there____besomethingwrongwithher.--Oh,dear!We"dbettertakehertothehospitalatonce.A.canB.shouldC.must6.--IsSimoncomingbytrain?--Heshould,buthe____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mayB.needC.must7.--MayItryonthejeans?--Yes,you___.A.shouldB.canC.must8.--Doyouknowanytrafficrules?--Alittle.Whenthetrafficlightsarered,we____stopandwait.A.mayB.canC.must9.Ithinkschools____allowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.A.wouldB.shouldC.could10.--CanIswiminthelake.Dad?--No,you____.Haven"tyouseenthenotice“NoSwimming”?A.maynotB.mightn"tC.mustn"t11.--AreyougoingtoBeijingbyair?--It"sfastbutalittleexpensive.SoIamnotsure.I__takeit.A.willB.mayC.must12.--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Ofcourseyou____.A.canB.willC.should13.--Don"tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.--No,____.A.Idon"tB.Iwon"tC.Ican"t14.--Willyoupleasestayherefortheparty?--Sorry,I____.I"llhavetogotoanimportantmeeting.第116页共116页 A.mustn"tB.needn"tC.can"t15.--MustItidytheroomnow?--No,you____.Youcandoitafterbreakfast.A.mustn’tB.needC.don"thaveto16.--Youmustcomebackeverymonth.--Yes,I____.A.willB.mustC.should17.--IsthiscoatJane"s?--It____behers,butI"mnotsure.A.willB.mayC.must18.--____wegoandflykitestoday?--That"sagoodidea.A.ShouldB.MustC.Shall19.--lsyourbrotherplayingcomputergames,Ted?--He___dothatbecausethecomputerdoesn"twork.A.maynotB.can"tC.mustn"t20.--Idon"tmindtellingyouwhatIhaveknown.--You___,andIamnotaskingyouforit.A.needn"tB.mustn"tC.maynot21._____youhelpme?A.WillB.ShallC.Must22.You______watchTVifyou’vefinishedyourhomework.A.canB.mustC.need23.Ihaveseenlightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.will24.--Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?--Well,ifyou______know,hernameisMary.A.mayB.canC.must25.--Excuseme,couldyoutellmewherethesupermarketis?--It’stwoblocksstraightahead.You_____missit.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.shouldn’t26.--Mom,theregoesthebell.--Oh,it_____Annie.Iinvitedhertocomefordinner.第116页共116页 A.can’tbeB.mustbeC.maybe27.I’llletyouseethepatientinanhourifyou_____waithere.A.willB.mustC.can28.Whoevercanansweroneofmyquestions______getaprize.A.wouldB.shouldC.will29.Tom,you______leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis.A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’t30.It’s7:50.You____hurry,oryou’llbelate.A.mightB.willC.hadbetter31.Inspring,alltheflowersinthegarden_______sweet.A.tasteB.smellC.become32.She_______likehermotherincharacter.A.isB.seemsC.looks33.Inlateautumnleaves_______brown.A.getB.turnC.come34.Look!There_______somanypeoplehereonvacation.A.haveB.areC.be35.Hisclassmate_______asinger.A.wereB.grewC.hasbecome36.Myjobis______youmath.A.toteachB.teachesC.taught37.Howtimeflies!Threeyears_______reallyashorttime.A.areB.isC.was38.Itsounds_______agoodidea.A.asB.isC.like39.Hertemperature_______tobeallright.A.seemsB.soundsC.looks40.Hiswishtobecomeadriverhas_______true.A.turnedB.comeC.been41.LittleJim’sspeechsounds_______.第116页共116页 A.friendlyB.wonderfullyC.nicely42.Whenhermothercamehomeyesterday,itwas_______dark.A.goingB.runningC.getting43.Theseapplestaste_______.A.tobegoodB.goodC.well44.--Howabouttheclothyouboughtyesterday?--That’sverybeautiful.It_______sosoft.A.feltB.feelsC.isfeeling45.Whenhisbrothertelephonedhimlastnight,he_______asleep.A.feltB.fellC.fall46.Thefoodwill_______badeasilyinsuchhotweather.A.goB.wentC.turn47.It_______thathewaslateforthetrain.A.looksB.saysC.seems48.Whatdoesyourbrotherlook_______?A.likeB.asC.after49.Thegirl’svoiceissosweetandhersongs_______verybeautiful.A.tasteB.lookC.sound50.Whatalovelyday!Ihopeit_______fine.A.stayedB.willstayC.willget参考答案1-5BCCCC6-10ABCBC11-15BABCC16-20ABCBA21-25AAACB26-30BACBC31-35BABBC36-40ABCAB41-45ACBBB46-50ACACB第116页共116页 专题八动词时态动词时态是中考英语的热点、难点之一。中考共考查八种时态的构成和用法。一、一般现在时1.表示习惯性、经常性的动作，用一般现在时。句中常含always，often，usually，sometimes，onceaweek，everyday等标志词。如：Theycometoschoolatseveneveryday.他们每天7点钟到学校。Mymotheroftendoessomewashingafterbreakfast.我妈妈常常吃完早餐后洗衣服。2.表示客观事实和客观真理要用一般现在时。如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳从东方升起，西方落下。Shesaidthatlightsrunfasterthansound.她说光比声音传播得快。3.如果主句用将来时态，那么when，before，after，until，assoonas等引导的时间状语从句和if，unless等引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时。如：AssoonasIgetthere,I"lltelephoneyou.我一到那儿就打电话给你。IfIhavetimetomorrow,I"llgowithyou.假如我明天有时间的话，我将同你一起去。I"lltellyouassoonashecomesbackthisafternoon.今天下午他一回来我就告诉你。注：一般现在时的构成为“主语+v./v-s(-es)+其它”。谓语是行为动词时要借助动词do/does来帮助提问、否定、回答，帮助提问、否定时行为动词要还为原形。如：-Doeshegetupearlyeveryday？他每天起得早吗？-Yes,hedoes.是的。Lucydoesn"thavelunchatschool.Lucy不在学校吃中餐。【拓展延伸】“go，start，leave，come，begin，stop，want”等动词的一般现在时可表示安排或计划好将来的动作。如：TheyleaveforBeijingtomorrow.明天他们动身去北京。二、现在进行时现在进行时表示此时此刻或当前这一段时间正在进行的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作。句中多有now，thesedays，Listen!Look!等提示词。现在进行时由“am/is/are+v-ing”构成。如：Look!Thechildrenareplayingsoccerontheplayground.瞧!孩子们正在操场上踢足球。WearehavinganEnglishclassnow.现在我们正在上英语课。【拓展延伸】(1)表位置移动的词如come，go，leave，start，fly，die等的进行时表将来时的意义。如：Thebusisleavingnow.这辆公共汽车就要离开了。Wearecominghere.我们就来了。(2)现在进行时与always连用时表示具有“赞叹”或“厌烦”第116页共116页 等感情色彩。如：Heisalwaysthinkingmoreofothersthanhimself.他总是想着别人而不考虑自己。Heisalwaystalkinginclass.在课堂上他总是说话。三、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。它常与ago，lastweek，yesterday，justnow等过去的时间连用。一般过去时构成为“主语+动词的过去式+……”。如：Heusedtomakemodelshipslastyear.他去年经常制作轮船模型。Whatdidyousayjustnow？你刚才说什么？注：谓语是行为动词时必须借助助动词did来帮助提问、否定、回答，帮助提问、否定时行为动词要用原形。如：-DidyoupicktheapplesonthefarmlastOctober？去年十月你们在农场里摘了苹果吗？-No，wedidn"t.没有。Wedidn"tpicktheapplesonthefarmlastOctober.去年十月我们没有在农场摘过苹果。四、一般将来时一般将来肘表示将来时间要发生的动作。它常与tomorrow，nextmonth，intwodays，soon等将来的时间连用。一般将来时构成为“主语+will/shall/begoingto+动词原形……”如：Willyoucomehereintwodays？两天后你会来这里吗?I"mnotgoingtoflyakitethisafternoon.今天下午我不打算放风筝。【拓展延伸】(1)betodosth.可表按计划安排将要发生的动作。如：Thesebooksaretocomeout.这些书将出版了。(2)ShallI(we)+动词原形……？表示“我(我们)……好吗？”；Willyouplease+动词原形……？表示“你(你们)……好吗？”。此时两者均为询问对方意见用语。如：Willyoupleasewakemeuptomorrow？请你明天叫醒我好吗？ShallIgetsomechalk？要我拿些粉笔来吗？五、现在完成时1.现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响和结果，它常与already，yet，never，ever，just，before，once，recently等副词连用。如：Haveyoureadthebookyet？你看了那本书吗？I"veneverbeentoShanghaibefore.我以前从来没有去过上海。2.现在完成时还可表示过去已经开始，持续到现在或将来的动作或状态，常与sofar，eversince，howlong，inthepast/lasttwoyears，since…ago，“for+段时间”、“since十点时间”、“since+/从句(用一般过去时)”等连用。如：Ihaveknownhimforthreeyears.我认识他有三年了。I’velivedheresinceIwasborn.自出生后，我就住在这里。注：此种用法要求在肯定句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。但在否定句中，非延续性动词可与时间段连用。如：Wehaven"theardfromherforalongtime.我们很长时间没有收到她的来信了。3.现在完成时的构成为“主语+have/has+过去分词……”六、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某时或某段时间正在发生的动作，常与从句等特定的过去时间连用。其构成为“主语+was/were+v-ing…”。如：TheywerewatchingTVat第116页共116页 thistimelastnight.昨晚这个时候他们正在看电视。Hesaidhewashavingsupperatsixyesterday.他说他昨天6点钟正在吃晚饭。七、过去将来时过去将来时表示过去某时来看将要发生的动作或事情。它常用在主句是一般过去时，从句的动作比主句更后发生的宾语从句中，其构成为“主语+would/was(were)goingto+动词原形……”。如：Shetoldmeshewouldgotheretomorrow.她告诉我她明天将去那里。Hesaidhewasgoingtostayhere.他说他打算呆在这里。八、过去完成时过去完成时常用在主句是一般过去时，从句的动作比主句更前发生的宾语从句中，表“过去的过去”。其构成为“主语+had+过去分词……”。如：Howmanysongshaveyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm？到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfiveminutes.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了Iheardhehadlivedthereforfiveyears.我听说他住那五年了。实战演练(2×50)计分:1.—Whatdoyoudo?—I’manengineer.I_____inacompanyinWuhan.Ilikemyjobverymuch.A.workB.hadworkedC.willwork2.—Isyourfatheradoctor?—Yes,heis.He__________inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.works3.Everyyearmanyforeigners_________toChinatolearnChinese.A.havecomeB.comesC.come4.Mymotherwilltakemetothemovieifshe_________freethisweekend.A.isB.willbeC.wouldbe5.Thegirlswillhaveatripifit_________fine.A.isB.hasbeenC.willbe6.—Where’sSusan,Mike?—She_________inthekitchen.A.cooksB.cookedC.iscooking7.—Haveyougotajoboffer?—Notyet.I___________.A.waitedB.amwaitingC.wait8.—DoyouthinkJohnwillhelpmemovethepiano?—You’dbetternotaskhim.He__________acomposition.A.wroteB.writesC.iswriting第116页共116页 9.—Wherearethechildren,MrBlack?—Oh,they_________theirPElessonontheplayground.A.haveB.hadC.arehaving10.They________about“SuperGirls”.Let’sjointhem.A.talkB.aretalkingC.havetalked11.—Whatareyoudoing,Cathy?—I’m__________mycat.Ican’tfindit.A.lookingforB.lookingatC.lookingafter12.—Mary,couldyouhelpme?—Waitamoment.I_________.A.readabookB.amcookingdinnerC.waswatchingTV13.—Listen，who_________intheroom?—Let’sgoandsee.A.iscryingB.cryingC.cries14.Don’tturnofftheradio.I_______tothenews.A.listenB.havelistenedC.amlistening15.—What’sthebestfoodyou’vehadinBeijing,Alex?—Roastedduck!I_________toafamousrestauranttohaveitlastweek.A.havegoneB.goC.went16.Hewentintohisroom,_______thelightandbegantowork.A.hasturnedonB.turnsonC.turnedon17.—Whatdidyoudoafterschoolyesterday?—I_________basketballwithmyfriends.A.playB.playedC.amplaying18.Yesterday,Tony’sfamily_________agoodtime.A.hasB.haveC.had19.I’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It_______10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleft20.—Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What’sthematter?—I______welllastnight.A.didn’tsleepB.don’tsleepC.haven’tslept21.—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—He__________usnottoplaycomputergamesallday.第116页共116页 A.tellsB.toldC.hastold22.—Where’sthecakeImadethismorning?—We_______it,mum.Canyoumakeanotheroneforus?A.ateB.eatC.wereeating23.—Haveyoumendedyourshoes，Bob?—Yes.I_________themtwentyminutesago.A.havemendedB．mendedC．hadmended24.—When_______________forHongKong,doyouknow?—I’mnotsure.Whenhe__________,I’llletyouknow.A.heleaves;leavesB.hewillleave;willleaveC.willheleave;leaves25.—WherewilltheygonextSunday?—They___________totheGreatWall.A.willgoB.goC.hasgone26.—Hashereturnedthelibrarybookyet?—Notyet.Don’tworry.He_________itsoon.A.returnsB.hasreturnedC.willreturn27.Ihearthathewillbeback______twoweeks’time.A.afterB.inC.for28.Hedoesn’ttellmewhenhe__________.I’llcallyouupassoonashe__________.A.willcome,arrivesB.comes,arrivesC.willcome,willarrive29.Ifit_____________tomorrow,we_______traveloutside.A.willrain;willB.rains;won’tC.willrain;won’t30.—Jim,canyouhelpmetowashthedishes?—Sorry,Dad.I____________totheshop.A.goB.havebeenC.amgoing31.—_________thelatestTimemagazine________yet?—Sorry,it’slate.Maybetomorrow.A.Will;arriveB.Has;arrivedC.Do;arrive32.Susanisn’therenow.She________toEngland.Shewillcomebacknextmonth.A.goesB.hasgoneC.went33.—Howlong________Koreangirl_________China?—Forfouryears.NowshecanspeakChinese.第116页共116页 A.has;beentoB.has;beeninC.was;in34.—Wouldyouliketoseethefilmwithme?—I’msorryI________ittwice.A.sawB.hadseeC.haveseen35.She__________thatsamesongsomanytimes.I’mgettingsickofit!A.singsB.sangC.hassung36.—___________you__________yourdictionary?—No,soIhavetobuyanewonetoday.A.Did;findB.Have;foundC.Had;found37.I_________toCapeTown,soIknownothingaboutit.A.don’ttravelB.haven’ttraveledC.hadn’ttraveled38.—______you______thefilmHarryPotter7?—Notyet.I’llseeitthisSunday.A.Did;seeB.Have;seenC.Do;see39.Iwon’tforgetmyteacherbecauseshe_________sokindtomesinceIcametothisschool.A.hasbeenB.isC.has40.Inthepastfewyearsthere___________greatchangesinmyhometown.A.havebeenB.wereC.are41.—It’sraining!Whendiditstart?—Idon’tknowexactly.Infact,it__________allthisafternoon.A.lastsB.haslastedC.lasted42.—Kitty,willyougotoseethefilmColdMountainthisevening?—No,Iwon"t.I__________italready．A．sawB．haveseenC．see43.—Ididn’tseeyouwhenIcameherelastnight.Wherewereyou?—I___________myprojectathome.A.designedB.havedesignedC.wasdesigning44.Mymother____________dinnerwhenIcameback.A.cooksB.iscookingC.wascooking45.—Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.—Oh．I"msorry.I_____________dinneratmyfriend’shome.A.hadB.washavingC.havehad第116页共116页 46.—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Sorry.Ididn’tcatchit.I__________________somethingelse.A.thinkB.amthinkingC.wasthinking47.—IknockedintoatreewhenIwenttotherailwaystationformyfriend.—Isupposeyou___________toofast.A.droveB.aredrivingC.weredriving48.WhenIwenttosaygoodbyetoAnna,she______________thepiano.A.isplayingB.playedC.wasplaying49.Hisparentswantedtoknowwhathe__________atthattime.A.isdoingB.wasdoingC.hasdone50.Mary___________thepianowell.Sheisoftenaskedtoplayattheconcert.A.playedB.playsC.playing参考答案1-5ACCAA6-10CBCCB11-15ABACC16-20CBCAA21-25BABCA26-30CBABC31-35BBBCC36-40BBBAA41-45ABCCB46-50CCCBB专题九被动语态动词语态分为两大类：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。动作的执行者由by连接的短语表示，常译为“被、由”。对于英语的被动语态，我们可以以下五个方面来掌握。一、主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者或对象。如：Computersarewidelyusedinourworkanddailylife.电脑在我们的工作和日常生活中广泛应用。(computers就是use的对象或承受者)二、表示被动语态的形式(1)基本形式：主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+sb.)Thissongisoftensungbychildrenatschool.这首歌经常在学校被孩子们唱。第116页共116页 常见被动语态的时态：①一般现在时：am/is/are+vt.的过去分词；②一般过去时：was/were+vt.的过去分词；③一般将来时：will/shall/begoingto+be+vt.的过去分词；④现在完成时：have/has+been+vt.的过去分词；⑤过去完成时：had+been+vt.的过去分词；⑥现在进行时：am/is/are+being+vt.的过去分词；⑦过去进行时：was/were+being+vt.的过去分词⑧过去将来时：would+be+vt.的过去分词注意：被动语态不用于将来进行时及完成进行时。(2)其他形式：(选学)①主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+.sb.)+宾语/介词+宾语A.主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+sb.)+宾语/to+宾语Iwasshownhisgoldmedalthere.在那里他给我看了他的金牌。Hisgoldmedalwasshowntome.他的金牌给我看了。能用于这一句型的常见动词有bring，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，post，send，show，teach，tell，throw，write等。B.主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+sb.)+宾语/for+宾语Iwasboughtanewdictionary(bymyfather).我父亲给我买了一本新字典。Anewdictionarywasboughtforme(bymyfather).我父亲给我买了一本新字典。能用于这一句型的常见动词有buy，call，cook，do，get，make，save等。②主语+be+vt.的过去分词+(by+sb.)+主语的补足语Jimwasmadechairmanatthemeeting.Jim在会上被推选为主席。LiLeiwasseentobreaktheglassthismoming.李雷今天上午被人看到打碎了那块玻璃。能用于这一句型的常见动词有feel，hear，make，observe，see，watch等。特别注意的是，在主动语态中，不定式做宾语的补足语，不定式前面的小品词to必须省略，而在被动语态中，不定式做主语的补足语，不定式的小品词to必须补上。③主语+情态动词（can/could/may/might/must/should/oughtto）+be+动词的过去分词+(by+sb.)Watercanbeturnedintoice.水能转变成冰。Youressayshouldberewrittenagain.你的论文应该还重新修改一遍。第116页共116页 ④主语+be+短语动词的过去分词+(by+sb.)Hiswordsshouldbepaidmuchattentionto.应该多注意他的话。ThechildreninChinaaretakengoodcareofnow.现在中国的孩子被照料得很好。注意：动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。⑤形式主语(It)+be+vt.的过去分词+主语从句Itisreportedthatourteamhaswonthegameagain.据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。能用于这一句型的常见动词有believe，expect，know，report，say，suppose，think等。这一句型也可变为：主语+be+vt.的过去分词+不定式短语TheMarsisbelievedtohavenolifeonit.火星被确认无生命迹象。Ourteamisreportedtohavewonthegameagain.据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。三、被动语态的用法被动语态往往表示一种客观的事实，有时语气比较生硬，没有商量的余地，从而令人难以接受，因此，切不可随便使用。在能用主动语态表示时，尽量使用主动语态，只有在下面的情况中才使用被动语态。①说不出动作的执行者或没有必要说出动作的执行者；如：TheclassroomhadbeencleanedwhenIgotthere.当我到达教室的时候，教室已经被人打扫过了。(教室究竟是谁打扫的，说话者并不知道)②为了突出或强调动作的承受者或对象；如：Homeworkmustbefinishedbeforeschoolisover.作业必须在放学之前做完。(强调Homework)③为了修辞的需要，使句子间的联系更紧密。如:Ihaveanewmotorbike.Itwasgiventomebymyfatheryesterdayasmybirthdaypresent.我有一台新摩托车。它是昨天我父亲买给我作为生日礼物的。(显然，It指代thenewbike就与上文的anewmotorbike紧密相连)四、不能使用被动语态的情况(1)不及物动词没有被动形式。特别要注意汉语中带名词或代词做宾语的动词，如belong，die，happen，occur，takeplace等不及物动词。如：Aterribletrafficaccidenthappenedontheroadyesterday.(昨天在公路上发生了一起可怕的交通事故。)就不能改写为：Aterribletrafficaccidentishappenedontheroadyesterday.(2)一些静态的及物动词也不能用于被动语态。如agreewith，fit，have，hold，own，suit等。如：Idon’tagreewithJack.(我不同意Jack的观点。)就不能改写为：Jackisn"tagreedwith.第116页共116页 五、主动形式表被动意义如：Thepenwriteswell.这支笔很好写。Thefoodtastesgood.这些食物尝起来味道很好。Hishouseiscomfortabletolivein.他的房子住起来很舒服。实战演练(2×50)计分:1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Did;buildB.Was;builtC.Is;built2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.washappenedB.hashappenedC.happened3.---Thiskindofricetastesnice.Doyouknowwhereitisgrown?---Yes,it_______inSoutheastChina.A.wasgrewB.isgrownC.isgrowing4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.hasbeenvisitedC.wasvisited5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegiven6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.willbedone7.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn"tsentB.wasn"tsentC.hasn"tbeensent8.---When___thiskindofcomputer______?---Lastyear.A.was;madeB.did;makeC.are;made9.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writeB.was;writtenbyC.is;written10.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isasked11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldtousB.wastoldusC.istoldus12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.第116页共116页 A.jumpedB.jumpsC.tojump13.Olderpeople____well.A.mustbelookedafterB.looksafterC.mustlookafter14.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedB.shouldbelistenedtoC.arelistened15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.A.isservedB.servesC.served16.---Didyouwinthebasketballgame?---Badluck.Ourteam_______inthefinalone.A.wonB.waswonC.wasbeaten17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.iscompleted18.Greatchanges_______inChinasince1949.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.tookplace19.---WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?---Shehas_______byherclassmates.A.laughedB.beenlaughedC.beenlaughedat20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneeded21.Thispainting_______toamuseuminNewYorkin1977.A.sellsB.soldC.wassold22.Thetelevision_______.Itdoesn’tworknow.A.mustrepairB.mustberepairedC.hasrepaired23.---Doyouthinkthattheclassroom_______everyday?---Yes,Ithinkso.A.shouldcleanB.shouldbecleaningC.shouldbecleaned24.Ibelievethatthosemountains_______withtreesinafewyears’time.A.arecoveredB.willbecoveredC.willcover25.Itissaidthatabout400cars_______inthefactorynextmonth.A.willproduceB.areproducedC.willbeproduced第116页共116页 26.Iwasn’tathomeyesterday.I_______tohelpwiththeharvestonthefarm.A.wasaskedB.wasaskingC.asked27.---Areyoufreethisafternoon?---No.I’llhaveanEnglishcomposition_______thisafternoon.A.towriteB.wroteC.tobewritten28.---Wherearetheboys?---Oh,they_______basketballontheplaygroundjustnow.A.wereseenplayB.wereseentoplayC.hadseenplay29.---CanyousingthisEnglishsong?---OfcourseIcan.It_______often_______bychildren.A.is;sangB.was;sangC.is;sung30.---WhatdidMissZhangsaytoyoujustnow?---Shesaidthatallthebooksshould___tothelibraryontime.A.arereturnedB.returnC.bereturned31.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.hasnotbeendecided32.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learned33.Afootballmatch_______inourschoolnextMonday.A.willholdB.willbeheldC.isgoingtohold34.----What’shappenedtoJoe?----________toahospital.A.He’stakenB.He’sbeentakenC.He’llbetaken35.---Didyougotothepartyyesterday?----No,I________.A.wasn’tinvitedB.wasinvitedC.didn’tinvite36.Todaytheforestshavealmostgone.Peoplemust______downtoomanytrees.A.stopfromcuttingB.stoptocutC.bestoppedfromcutting37.Hewasseen________somethingfromtheshop.第116页共116页 A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolen38.Oneoftheclubactivties________byMrSmith.A.isholdingB.areheldC.isheld39.Thiskindofmedicine________inadryandcoolplace.A.mustkeepB.keptC.mustbekept40.Thedog_________anhourago.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendead41.---Mary,you____onthephone.---Thankyou,Mom.A.arewantedB.willbewantedC.havewanted42.Thisbook________wellintheshop.　　A.sellsB.issellingC.issold43.Thewindows__________afterschoolisover.A.usuallyclosedB.areusuallyclosedC.areusuallyclosing44.Theysatatthetableuntilallthefood__________.A.waseatingB.waseatenC.wereeaten45.Idon’tknowtherestaurant,butit___________tobequiteagoodone.A.issaidB.istoldC.isspoken46.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident,sohe_______.A.mustbetakencareB.musttakecareofC.mustbelookedafter47.----IfeelveryhappythatI__________tobethehost.----Congratulations.A.chooseB.amchsoenC.waschosen48.Treesandgrass__________everyyeartoprotectourenvironment.A.isplantedB.areplantedC.haveplanted49.English_________inCanada,AustraliaandNewZealandaswellasAmerica.A.speaksB.isspeakingC.isspoken50.---Lookatthesignonthewall.---Oh,parking_______here.第116页共116页 A.doesn’tallowB.isn’tallowedC.wasn’tallowed参考答案1-5BCBBC6-10BCABB11-15ACABA16-20CBACC21-25CBCBC26-30AABCC31-35CBBBA36-40CBCCA41-45AABBA46-50CCBCB专题十非谓语动词一、动词不定式1、构成：动词不定式基本形式为：to+动词原形。有些动词不定式不带to。否定形式为：not(to)+动词原形。2、功能及用法：(1)、用作主语　　多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如：Forhim,totalkwithhismotherisnecessary.=Itisnecessaryforhimtotalkwithhismother.(2)、用作表语动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。常可转换成主语。如：　ThebestwaytoimproveyourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub.=TojoinanEnglishclubisthebestwaytoimproveyourEnglish.(3)、用作宾语　　★可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask,choose,agree)，期望决定学习(expect,hope,decide,learn)，宁可拒绝假装知道(prefer,refuse,pretend,know)，希望想要愿意(wish,want/need,wouldlike/love)等。如：　　Wedecidedtotalktosomestudents.　　Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.第116页共116页 　　★动词decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell...后可用“疑问词+to的不定式短语”作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：　　Couldyoupleasetellmewheretoparkmycar?　　★动词feel,find,make,think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语—动词不定式，句子结构是sb.feel/find/make/...+it+adj./n.+todo...。如：　　Ifinditdifficulttoremembereverything.　　★既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin,start,like,love等。如：　　ThenIstartedtowatchEnglish-languageTV.　Iliketoeatvegetables.　　★后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget,remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stoptodo停下来做另外一件事；stopdoing停止做、不做当前这件事。trytodo尽力做，trydoing试试看；goontodo接着做另外的事，goondoing继续做原来的事。如：　　WhenIlefthome,Ihadforgottentobringitwithme.　　Istoppedusingthemlastyear.(4)、用作定语　　★句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如：　　Ihavesomuchhomeworktodotoday.　It’sagoodplacetovisit.★作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加适当的介词。如：Ineedaroomtolivein.(5)、用作补语　　★在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask,allow,advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect,suppose,invite,encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach,tell,want)，等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。如：　　SheaskedmenottospeakChineseinEnglishclass.第116页共116页 　　★下列动词，多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，当动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里要将省略的to补上。包括四“看”：lookat,observe,see,watch，三“让”：have,let,make，二“听”：hear,listento，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如：　　Thispicturemakesmefeeltense！　　Iwasmadetosaysorrytohim.　　★help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。如：　　UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.　　★besaid,besure,happen,seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如：　　Hedoesn’tseemtohavemanyfriends.　　Besurenottomissthemiftheycometoacitynearyou.(6)、用作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。　　★目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：　　Agroupofyoungpeoplecamehereto(inorderto)discussthisquestion.　　★原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”结构句中。如：I’msorrytotroubleyou.I’mgladtoseeyou.　　★结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enoughto...”结构句中。如：　　ThenI’mtootiredtodowell.WhatshouldIdo?　　Theroomneedstobebigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.　★独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如：　Tobehonest,Ionlyeatfoodthattastesgood.　　Tobeginwith,shespoketooquickly,andIcouldn’tunderstandeveryword.(7)、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for/ofsb.todosth.”，for/of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：　　　It’s+形容词+for/of+sb+todosth.　for前面的形容词是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。如：　　It’sdangerousforchildrentoswimintheriver.第116页共116页 当上面的形容词指的是sb的性质时，用介词of。这些形容词往往修饰人：careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise,bad,polite,careless如：It’sveryniceofyoutosayso.(8)、带疑问词的不定式短语　　动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。如：　　Idon’tknowwhattodonext.　　Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.　单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句,在复合句中则可变为一个从句。　　Whattodonext?=Whatwillwe/youdonext?　　Canyoutellmehowtodothat?=CanyoutellmehowIshoulddothat?(9)、动词不定式的否定式　　不定式的否定式是nottodo...，不带to的不定式的否定式是notdo...如：Sometimestheydecidenottotalktoeachother.(10)常见的与不定式连用的词组和句型。Whynotdo…?=Whydon’tyoudo…?hadbetter(not)do…wouldratherdo…prefertodoratherthandoCould/Would/Willyouplease…?Ittakessb+时间/金钱+todosth.It’stimetodo…It’sone’sturnto…如：　Whynottakeaholiday?　　Ittakesmeanhourtowalkthere.一、动名词1、构成：动词原形+ing2、功能及用法：动名词除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等，但不能用作谓语。(1)．用作主语,谓语动词用单数。如：Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.第116页共116页 注意：动名词作主语经常采用it作形式主语的句型。It’snousecrying.哭没有什么用处。(2)．用作表语，可转换成主语。如：Herfavoritesportisskating.=Skatingisherfavoritesport.注意：不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多指具体的、一次性的动作。(3)．用作宾语,放在动词或介词之后。如：Shelikessinginganddancing.Thankyouforhelpingus.(4)．用作定语,位于所修饰词之前，表示所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。如：Thisisourreadingroom.Bettywonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.★英语中，某些动词（或形容词）只能与ing形式即动名词连用。一直忙于练习，(keep,bebusy，practice,)想要继续完成，(feellike,keepon,finish，)习惯期待花费，(beusedto,lookforwardto,spend)介意考虑放弃，（mind,consider,giveup）禁不住麻烦怎么样(can’thelp,havetrouble/problems(in),what/howabout)建议喜欢开心(suggest,enjoy,havefun)★还有一些结构：do+some+doing如：dosomecooking/shopping/cleaning/washing/reading/go+doing如：goshopping/fishing/swimming/skating/boating/hiking/sightseeingnouse(good)doingsth做……没用如：It’snogoodcomplaining.without+dongsth没有做……如：.Shekeptsittingtherewithouttalkingtoanybody.no+dong…禁止，不准如：Noparking!第116页共116页 payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事如：Youmustpayattentiontoprotectinghim。putone’seffortintodoingsth全力以赴做某事如：IfyouputyoureffortintolearningEnglish,youwillimproveit.一、分词考点聚焦1、构成：英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词由“动词+ing”构成，表示正在进行和主动意义。过去分词基本形式是“动词+ed”,表示已经完成和被动意义，但也有不规则形式。2、功能及用法(1).作定语　　分词可用来修饰名词或代词，并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。前置定语如：　　Whatexcitingnewsitis!后置定语如：　　Doyouknowthegirlsittingunderthetree?Therecomesagirldressedinred.(2).作表语　　分词作表语，相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征，含有“令人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态，含有“某人感到……的”意思。如：　　Thestorywasveryinteresting．　　Iwasinterestedinthemovie.(3).作补语　　　现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作补足语，宾语和过去分词(被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。　　分词通常用在see，hear,watch，notice，feel，find等感官动词或have，get，make等使役动词的宾语之后，补充说明宾语的动作或状态。过去分词在动词have，get之后作宾语补足语时，常常表示这动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的。如：　　Ifoundtheboycryinginthecorner．(主谓关系，正在进行)　　Iwanttohavemyhaircut/havemybikerepaired/getmyearspierced.（被动）　　★现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语在意义上有所不同。现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，即动作处在发生过程中，还没有结束；而不定式作宾语补足语表示经常性的动作或动作的全过程。如：　　Isawhimgoingout．(分词，正在发生)Iseehimgoouteveryday．　　(不定式，经常性动作)第116页共116页 Iheardhimknockthreetimes．是的，我听见他敲了三下。(不定式，全过程)(4).作状语，表时间、原因、伴随、结果、让步、方式等。　　现在分词作状语，一般句子主语就是分词的主语。　　Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom，thestudentsstoodup．(=Whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringtheroom，theystoodup．)（时间状语，主动）　　Notknowingwhattodoaboutit，Iaskedmyteacherforadvice．(原因状语，主动)　　　Theteahercamein,followedbyhisstudents.(伴随状语，被动)实战演练(2×50)计分:1.—Whataboutgoingtothenetbarthisweekend?—I’dloveto,butmymotheroftenletsme_____there.A.togoB.nottogoC.notgo2.Tomlikescars.Heenjoys_____modelcarsofallkinds.A.collectingB.tocollectC.collected3.Thehotweathermadethestudentsalways_______drinkwater.A.towanttoB.wanttoC.wanted4.Jimspentthreeyears(in)_____ChinesebeforehecametoChina.A.learnedB.tolearnC.learning5.Mymothertoldme_______tostrangers.A.nottalkB.nottotalkC.nottalking6.I’llgiveatalktomorrow.I’mthinkingabout_______.A.whattosayB.howtosayC.whatcanIsay7.Before2012wewillfinish_______theDisneylandinShanghai.A.buildB.buildingC.tobuild8.Wehaveworkedforthreehours.Nowlet’sstop_______arest.A.haveB.havingC.tohave9.—BobspeaksChinesequitewell.—Yes,sohedoes.Hepractices______Chineseeveryday.A.speakingB.tospeakC.speaks10.—IsWeiFanggoodat_______?Yes,sheis.Weoftenhearher______inthenextroom.A.sing;tosingB.tosing;singsC.singing;sing第116页共116页 11.—Look!Thissweaterisbeautiful.—_______?A.WhynottryingitonB.WhynottryitonC.Whydon’ttryiton12.Onherwayhome,Lucysawthethief______inashop.Shestopped_______110atonce.A.standing;callingB.stand;tocallC.standing;tocall13.Inrecentyears,manychildrenaremade______whattheyarenot_____.A.todo;interestedinB.do;interestedC.do;interestedin14.Theboxistooheavyforme____.A.carryingB.tocarryC.carry15.—Wouldyoulikesomejuice?—Thanks.______,butIhavedrunkalotoftea.A.drinking;I’dloveB.todrink;I’dlovetoC.drink;I’dlove16.Theyoungmanis_______carrythatheavybag.A.strongenoughtoB.enoughstrongtoC.notstrongenough17.—Mum,I’mhungry.—Whatabout______toMcDonald’s______friedchicken?A.go;eatingB.togo;toeatC.going;toeat18.Thankyoufor____ussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.teaching19.It"sveryhothere.Wouldyoumind____thewindow?A.toopenB.openingC.open20.Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn"thelp____.A.cryB.cryingC.tocry21.I"mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smoke22.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.A.visittohimB.tovisithimC.visitinghim23.Thiscompanywasthefirst____computersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproduced24.We’sorry_________hearthebadnews.A.hearB.hearingC.tohear25.LastweekImetmyoldfriendLeebutIforgot______himforhistelephonenumber.A.askB.askingC.toask第116页共116页 26.It’spoliteforstudents_______hellototeachers.A.tosayB.sayingC.says27.Whenpeoplewanttorelaxthemselves,theyprefer_________TVorlistentomusicratherthan__________newspaper.A.watching;readingB.towatch;readC.watching;read28.________isgoodforyourstudy.A.ReadB.ReadingC.Reads29.I___________thebustoschool,butnowIwalktoschool.A.amusedtotakeB.usedtotakeC.amusedtotaking30.Smilehelpshim________manyfriends.A.makesB.makeC.making31.We’relookingforward__________alongvacation.A.tohaveB.tohavingC.having32.You’dbetter_______tothecinemabycar.A.nottogoB.notgoC.don’tgo33.Hedecided_________Englisheveryday.A.topracticeB.practiceC.practicing34.It’sverynice________photosforme.A.ofyoutotakeB.foryoutotakeC.foryoutaking35.Thedoctorwasbusy____________theboyatthattime.A.talkB.talkingtoC.totalkto36.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____?A.drinkB.todrinkC.eat37.Wehadgreatfun________onthebeaches.A.toplayB.playingC.played38.It’sspringnow.It’stime_____________trees.A.forplantB.toplantC.plant39.Don’tkeepme_______foralongtime.A.waitB.waitingC.towait40.You’dbetterhaveyourhair_____atonce.第116页共116页   A.cut           B.cutting        Ctocut           41.Weshoulddoasmuchaswecan_______water.A.forsaving      B.tosave     C.save     42.Wouldyouplease_______anynoise?Thebabyhasjustfallenasleep.A.make      B.nottomake  C.notmake43.---Wouldyoupleasetry_______late again?      ---Sorry,Iwon’tbelateagain. A.nottobe            B.tobenot         C.notbeing               44.Ifind_______himallaboutit.A.necessarytotell          B.thatnecessaryto          C.itnecessarytotell45.Howlongdoesittakeyou_______yourhomeworkeveryevening?A.finishdoing        B.finishingtodo         C.tofinishdoing    46.Ineedafriend_________.A.practiceEnglishB.topracticeEnglishC.topracticeEnglishwith47.Myhobbyis________basketball.A.playB.playingC.plays48.Hedoesn’tgiveup_________hardalthoughhisEnglishisnotgood.A.toworkB.workC.working49.Heis_________atthenews.A.surpriseB.surprisedC.surprising50.Iknowaboy________Tom.A.callB.callingC.called参考答案：1-5CABCB6-10ABCAC11-15BCABB16-20ACCBB21-25ABBCC26-30ABBBB31-35BBAAB35-40BBBBA41-45BCACC46-50CBCBC第116页共116页 专题十一简单句、并列句简单句（一）基本概念只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子，称作简单句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。除了主语和谓语外，简单句中还可以有宾语、表语、补语、状语、定语等。（二）句型结构简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。1.主语+谓语　　这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，后面可以有其他成分修饰。如：Thingschange.Hesmileshappily.2.主语+连系动词+表语　这种句型称为主系表结构。如：Mr.Smithisanartist.　　Thehamburgertastesgood.注：表语位于系动词之后。常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。常见系动词有：（1）表状态系动词---be如：　　　　Heisateacher.　　Heisill.（2）持续系动词--用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，常见有keep,remain,stay,如：　　Healwayskeptsilent。　　（3）表像系动词--用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,如：　　Helookstired.　　Heseems(tobe)verysad.（4）感官系动词---感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,如：第116页共116页 　　Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Thatsoundsinteresting.　　Thisflowersmellsverysweet.Ittastesdelicious.（5）变化系动词--这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,等.。如：　　Hebecamemadafterthat.Igettired.　　Shegrewtall。3.主语+谓语+宾语谓语一般多是及物动词。宾语有两种：间接宾语和直接宾语　　　如：Welikemusic.Ihadeggsforbreakfast.4．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to或for。如：Hegavehissisterthebook.=Hegavethebooktohissister.常见双宾结构：可转换成带to结构的有：bringsb.sth(bringsthtosb).givesb.sth(givesthtosb.)lendsb.sth(lendsthtosb)passsbsth(passsthtosb)returnsb.sth(returnsthtosb)sendsbsth(sendsthtosb)showsbsth(showsth.tosb.)tellsbsth(tellsthtosb)writesbsth(writesthtosb)可转换成带for结构的有：buysbsth(buysthforsb)dosbsth(dosthforsb)getsbsth(getsthforsb)makesb.sth(makesthforsb)paysb.sth(paysthforsb)singsbsth(singsthforsb)5.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾补宾语补足语常由形容词、名词、数词、介词短语、不带to的不定式或v+ing、V+ed等充当。如：Ifoundthebookeasy.（形容词easy作补语）　　I"lllethimgo.（不定式go用作补语）(三)Therebe句型1、结构：Therebe句型是一种主语后置的倒装句，常表示某处有某人或某物。第116页共116页 具体结构为：Therebe+人/物+其他+（地点）。2、用法：(1)、Therebe句型中动词be单复数形式要跟therebe之后的主语保持一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换be的单复数形式。如:Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.(2)、Therebe句型中的be有各种时态，有时还会在be前插入情态动词。如：Thereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.Theremustbesomeflowersinthebox.(3)、Therebe句型可换成Therecome/go,以引起注意,加强语气。如:Therecomesthebus.(4)、Therebe句型的否定句和疑问句变化主要是be之后加not和be提到there之前。如：Thereisn’tanyrainthesedays.Arethereanypeopleintheroom?并列句（一）基本概念及构成两个或两个以上的简单句用and,but,or,so等并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。　　如:IlikeactionmoviesbutIdon"tlikethrillers.　　Hurryup，oryou"llbelate.（二）连词用法1、表并列关系的连词有and，both...and…两者都,aswellas还有,notonly...but(also)不但…而且…,neither...nor既不…也不…等。如：Workhard,andyou’llpasstheexam.Shenotonlysingsbutalsodances.第116页共116页 2、表转折关系的有but,however然而，while然而，still,yet然而等。如：Thefilmisnotperfect,however,it"sgood.IlikeactionmoviesbutIdon"tlikethrillers.Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.（表对比）　　3、表选择关系的有or,either...or...或者…或者…,not...but...不是…而是…等。如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.EitherTomorhissistersarecoming.　　4、表因果关系的有for因为,so所以,because等。如：I"dbettertakeanumbrella,foritisgoingtorain.Themanagerwasillsoshedidn’tgotowork.（三）特殊的并列句1.祈使句+and+一般将来时的句子如：Workhard,andyou’llpasstheexam.2.祈使句+or+一般将来时的句子如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.实战演练(2×50)计分:1.---____isherdaughter?---Thegirlontherightwearingbluejeans.A.WhoB.WhatC.Which2.______doesyourmotherdo?Sheisaworker.A.WhoB.howC.What3.---Excuseme._____doyousay“autumn”inAmericanEnglish?---It’s“fall”.A.HowB.WhenC.Why4.--___doItakethemedicine,Mr.Wang?--Twiceadayaftermeals.A.HowlongB.HowmanyC.Howoften5.Eric’sneverseenathree-Dmovieatthecinema,_____?第116页共116页 A.hasn’theB.hasheC.ishe6.--I’msorryIcan’tlendyouthee-dictionary.--_____?Didn’tyoupromiseme?A.WhatB.HowC.When7.Weboughtherabirthdaypresent,_____shelikeditverymuch.A.orB.andC.but8.—Didn’tyougivegiftstoyourfatheronFather’sDay?　—Oh,notonlymyfather,_____mygrandpagotredgifts.A.orB.andC.but9.—Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?　—I’dloveto,_____Ican’t.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.A.orB.butC.and10._____Lily_____Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome.A.Notonly;butalso　　B.Neither;nor　　C.Either;or11.Noneoftheshoesintheshopsaretherightsize.Theyare_____toobig_____toosmall.A.both;andB.neither;norC.either;or12.“Areyougoingtoeathere____takeitaway?”askedthewaiter.A.andB.soC.or13.Tomiscleaningthehouse_____someofhisfriendsarecomingfordinner.A.becauseB.butC.so14.Thereisalotoftrafficinthiscity,_____lookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.A.soB.andC.for15.Studyhard,_____youaresuretohaveagoodresultintheexam.A.orB.andC.for16.Bequick,_____we’llbelateforclass.A.orB.andC.but17.Comealittleearliernexttime,_____you’llmissthebestpartoftheTVplay.A.andB.butC.or18.There______iceontheroadlastweek.A.wasB.wereC.are第116页共116页 19.There______afootballmatchontheplaygroundthisafternoon.A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe20.He________say_________.A.didn’t;anythingB.don’t;somethingC.doesn’t;something21.---Wouldyouliketocometothepartytonight?---Yes,_________.A.IwouldbeB.IdoC.I’dliketo22.---TheChangjiangRiverisn’tthelongestriverinChina,isit?---___________.A.Yes,itis.B.No,itisn’t.C.No,itis.23.---________isakilooforanges?---10yuanakilo.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.Howheavy24.---Doeshelikemusic?---__________.A.Yes,helikes.B.Yes,hedo.C.Yes,hedoes.25.___________isthepopulationofChina?A.HowmuchB.WhatC.Howmany26.---_________doyouthinkofthemovie?---Great!A.HowB.WhatC.Why27.---_______you_______TVnow?---No,youcanturnitoff.A.Did;watchB.Do;watchC.Are;watching28.--_______areyougoingthissummervacation?--ToBeijing!A.WhereB.HowC.Why29.---_______________?---Heistall.A.HowisheB.WhatdoeshelikeC.Whatdoeshelooklike第116页共116页 30.---_______doyoustudyforatest?---Byworkingwithagroup.A.WhatB.HowC.Where31.---MustIcometotheofficeatthreeo’clockthisafternoon?---No,you________.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’t32.Theyare_______young______carrytheboxontothetable.A.enough;toB.so;thatC.too;to33.They______lunchathomeeveryday.A.havenotB.didn’thaveC.don’thave34.Wealwayskeepourclassroomclean,sowe_______cleaniteveryday.A.don’thaveB.don’tneedC.don’thaveto35.Yesterdayhe________somereadingathome.A.doesB.didn’tC.didn’tdo36.---Haveyouseenthefilm?---No,__________.A.Idon’tB.Ihaven’tC.Ididn’t37.---CanyouspeakEnglish?---Yes,_________.A.wecan’tB.wecanC.wedon’t38.---Arethereanytreesinthepark?---Yes,__________.A.theyareB.thereisC.thereare39.__________Icomein?A.MayB.WillC.Would40._______theoldmangetupearlyeverymorning?A.IsB.HasC.Does41.---_______doyoulikethenewplay?---It’sgoodandinteresting.A.HowB.WhatC.Which第116页共116页 42.---________isyourtelephonenumber?---8652738.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.What43.MrsBlackdoesn’tlikethesepeople,__________?A.doessheB.dosheC.isshe44.Thereislittlemilkinthefridge,_________?A.isn’tthereB.aretheyC.isthere45.Openthewindow,________?A.willyouB.shallweC.don’tyou46.---Doesyourbrotherliketheredtieortheblacktie?---____________.A.Yes,hedoesB.No,hedoesn’tC.Theredtie47.---It’sasecretbetweenus.Don’ttellanybodyelse.---_________.A.IdoB.Idon’tC.Iwon’t48._______goodideaitis!A.WhatanB.HowC.Whata49.________quicklyherideshisbicycle!A.WhatB.HowC.Whata50.---Theskirtlooks_______.---Thankyou!A.niceB.wellC.old参考答案：1—5ACACB6---10ABCBC11—15CCAAB16—20ACACA21—25CABCB26—30BCACB31—35CCCCC36—40BBCAC41—45ACACA46—50CCCBA第116页共116页 专题十二祈使句、感叹句一、祈使句（一）、祈使句的结构及用法祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句点。1.肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他如：Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.请起立。但有时会在句首加上主语或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。呼语常与句子隔开，动词仍然用原形。如：Mary，cleanthewindows！Andyouboys，washthefloor!（2）Be+adj.如：Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!（3）Let"s+动词原形如：Let’sgotoschooltogether.2.否定的祈使句(1)Don"t+动词原形如：Don"tstandup.Don"tbecareless.Don"tletthemplaywithfire.(2)Let"s(letsb)+not+动词原形如：Let"snotsayanythingaboutit.3.祈使句的反意疑问句(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用willyou或won"tyou。第116页共116页 如：Pleaseopenthedoor,will/won’tyou?(2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用willyou。如：Don"tbelateagain,willyou?(3)以let"s开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shallwe，letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为willyou或won"tyou.如：Letusstayhere,will/won"tyou?Let"sturnontheTV,shallwe? 4.特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help!Patience!Quickly!Handsup!5.祈使句的强调形式。有时为了加强语气，可以再动词前加上do，表示“务必，一定”。如：Dobecareful!(二)、祈使句用于两个重要句型中1．“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。2．“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。如：Hurryup,andyou’llcatchthetrain.(＝Ifyouhurryup，you’llcatchthetrain．)Hurryup，oryou’llmissthetrain．(＝Ifyoudon’thurryup，you’llmissthetrain．)二、感叹句（一）感叹句的结构及用法感叹句是抒发强烈感情的句子，如欢乐、兴奋、惊奇、愤怒、悲伤等，书面语中句末用感叹号。常由what或者how引导,都表示“多么”。1、what引导的感叹句what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：　（1）What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！如：Whatanicegirl(sheis)!Whataninterestingmovie（itis）!（2）What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！如：Whatkindwomentheyare!　　第116页共116页 Whatnicemusic/badweather/goodnews（itis）!2、how引导的感叹句how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构有：（1）How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！　　如：Howhardtheworkerswork!　　Howcleverthegirlis!　　注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。如：Howfasttherunnerruns!（2）How+形容词+a+名词+主语+谓语。如：Howcleveraboyheis!（二）特殊形式的感叹句1、在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。如：Great!Howcold!Lookout!Whatafool！Whatapity!Mygoodness!2、Here/There开头的感叹句：(1)．Here/There+主语（代词）+谓语如：Herehecomes！(2)．Here／There+谓语+主语（名词）如：Herecomesthebus！实战演练(2×50)计分:1．___foodyou"vecooked!A.Howanice　　B.Whatanice　　C.Whatnice2.___terribleweatherwearehavingthesedays!　A.What　B.Whata　　C.How　　3.---_____Ihad!---Youreallyhadalot.A.Whatagreattime　　B.Whatgreattime　　C.Howgreattime4.__________heruns!A.HowfastB.WhatfastC.Whatafast5.TheTVistooloud.Please________.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turningdownit第116页共116页 6._______lateagain,Bill!A.Don"tB.Don"tbeC.Notbe7._______crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.Doesn"tC.Don"t8.Pleasehelpmecarryit,______?A.willIB.willyouC.shallwe9.Don"tmakesomuchnoise,______?A.willyouB.won"tyouC.shallwe10.Kate,_______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bringsB.bringC.bringing11.________methetruth,orI"llbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.Tell12.---________nicegirlAliceis!---Yes,sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.A.WhataB.HowC.What13.________excitingitwastoseethe2010EXPO!A.WhatB.WhatanC.How14.__________thelightswhenyouleavearoom.A.TurnoffB.TurningoffC.Toturnoff15._______tallthegirlis!Sheissuretobecomeagoodbasketballplayer.A.HowB.WhataC.What16.---Trynottobelateforschoolnexttime.---Sure,I________.A.don’tB.won’tC.haven’t17._______shedances!A.HowgoodB.HowwellC.Whatwell18.____brightgirlstheyare!A.WhatB.WhataC.How19.____hardworkitis!A.HowB.WhatC.Whata20.Please____,they’rehavingameeting.第116页共116页 A.notbesonoisyB.bequiteC.nospeaking21.____tomeetmeatthestation.I’llbewaitingthere.A.NotforgetB.ForgetnotCDon’tforget22.Lucy,____thedoororsomeonewillcomein.A.closeB.closesC.closing23.___________playsoccerinthestreets.It’stoodangerous.A.Let’sB.Don’tC.Do24.____friendlyheis!A.WhatB.HowC.Whata25.It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,____?A.won’tweB.willyouC.shallwe26.Asignwiththewords“____”isoftenfoundinabus.A.NoparkingB.NosmokingC.TurnLeft27._____hisfatherworks!A.HowcarefulB.HowcarefullyC.Whatcareful28.______heavysnow!A.WhataB.WhatC.How29._______themooncakesare!A.HowdeliciousB.WhatdeliciousC.Whatadelicious30.Cindy,________tobehereat8o’clock.A.issurethatB.willbesureC.besure31.Letusdoitatonce,________?A.shallweBwillyouCdowe32.Please________lookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.A.notB.don’tC.aren’t33.______tellalie.A.NotB.NoC.Never34.--Youlookverytired.________stoppingtohavearest?--Allright.A.WhynotB.HowaboutC.Whydon’t35.Theyareverytired.Why________havearest?A.nottheyB.notheyC.don’tthey36.________yourchild.We’lllookafterhim.第116页共116页 A.NottoworryaboutB.Don’tworryaboutC.Noworryabout37.________talkanymore!It’stimeforclass!A.StopB.Don’tC.No38._________excitingnews!We’llhavealongvacationaftertheexam.A.HowB.WhatanC.What39.__________speakloudlyinthemovietheater.A.Can’tB.Don’tC.Not40.It’s7:30now.Let’s________work.A.goB.goingtoC.goto41.________timeflies!A.WhatB.HowC.Whata42._________apity!A.HowB.WhatC.Howa43.Let’s________loudlyinpublic.A.don’ttalkB.notalkingC.nottalk44.________MrRightis!A.HowkindmanB.WhatkindmanC.Whatakindman45.____fromBeijingtoLondon!A.HowlongwayitisB.WhatalongwayisitC.Whatalongwayitis46.____nicepictureyougaveme!A.HowB.WhatC.Whata47._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!A.How,howB.What,whatC.How,what48._______beautifulyournewdressis!A.HowB.WhatC.Whata49.____oldbikeLiLeiisriding!A.WhataB.WhatanC.How50._______Imissyou!A.WhatB.HowC.Howdo参考答案：第116页共116页 1—5CAAAA6---10BCBAB11---15CACAA16---20BBABB21---25CABBC26---30BBBAC31---35BBCBC36---40BBCBC41---45BBCCC46---50CAABB专题一三宾语从句考点聚焦一、什么是宾语从句在句中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。二、宾语从句的引导词1、that无实意，用来引导陈述句的宾语从句，口语中常省略。例如：ShetoldmethatshehadbeentoHongKongtwice.她告诉我她去过香港两次。Iknow（that）thevisitorsarefromAustralia.我知道这些游客来自澳大利亚。2、if或whether这两个词是“是否”的意思，主要用来引导一般疑问句或选择问句的宾语从句，口语中多用if，不能省略。例如：Heaskedmeif/whetherIhadbeentoBeijingtwice.他问我是否去过北京两次。ShewantedtoknowwhetherIwouldgothereornot.她想知道我是否想去那里。3、疑问词when，where，who，how等，这类词通常引导特殊疑问句的宾语从句。例如：CanyoutellmehowIcanfindMrWang？你能告诉我怎样才能找到王先生吗？Pleasefindoutwhobrokethewindow.请查一下是谁打烂窗户的。第116页共116页 三、宾语从句的语序凡是从句都必须使用“主语在前，谓语在后”的陈述语序，宾语从句也不例外，也就是说宾语从句的语序必须是“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。例如：误：Couldyoutellmewhereisthebusstation？正：Couldyoutellmewherethebusstationis？四、宾语从句的时态一致1、当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，从句可以根据需要选择相应的时态，不受主句的影响；主句为一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。例如：Iwanttoknowwhattimeheatehisbreakfast.我想知道他今天早晨几点钟吃早饭的。Theywilltellusthattheyhavebeenabletolookafterthemselves.他们将会告诉我们他们已经能照顾自己了。Iaskedwhatmyfatherwasdoingthen.我问那时我爸爸在干什么？2、当宾语从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象是，宾语从句的时态不受主句的时态的影响，仍然用一般现在时。如：Hesaidthemoonmovesroundtheearth.他说月亮围着地球转。Sheaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.她问光速是否比声速快。五、宾语从句的简化由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中的主语与主句的主语或宾语相同时常常可以将宾语从句简化成“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构。有时候由that引导的宾语从句也可以用动词不定式或者动词的ing形式来简化。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice？=Canyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice？Shedon’tknowwhethersheshouldgotherewiththemornot.第116页共116页 =Shedon’tknowwhethertogotherewiththemornot.Hecanrememberthathehasclimbedthetalltree.=Hecanrememberclimbingthetalltree.六、宾语从句的否定转移及其它1、当Ithink/believe/guess等一些看法的词后面所接的宾语从句是否定句时，习惯上否定主句，采用“Idon’tthink/believe/guess+肯定形式的宾语从句”这种结构来表达。如：我认为明天她不会来。误：Ithinkthatshewon’tcometomorrow.正：Idon’t　thinkthatshewillcometomorrow.1、对Ithink/believe/guess等动词后面所接的宾语从句进行划线部分提问时，要用“疑问词+doyouthink/believe/guess+宾语从句的剩余成分？”这种结构来表达。如：你认为谁将在会上发言？误：Doyouthinkwhowillspeakatthemeeting？正：Whodoyouthinkwillspeakatthemeeting？实战演练(2×50)计分:1—Couldyoutellme______?—It’snearthepostoffice.A.whereisthebookstoreB.thebookstoreiswhereC.wherethebookstoreis2.Manypeoplearetalkingaboutthisdiseasethesedays.Couldyoutellme______?A．howcanIkeephealthyB.howIcankeephealthyC.Icankeephealthy3.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme____IcangettotheSpaceMuseum?—Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.A．whereB.howC.if4—Doyouknow______thegirlinredis?第116页共116页 —I’mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.whereC.what5—Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?—Theyalwaysletmedo_____IthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.what6.IhearTomliveshere,butI’mnotsure_____.A.whichroomhelivesinB.whichroomdoesheliveinC.heliveinwhichroom7.—WecanuseQQtocommunicatewitheachotheronline.—Good.Willyoupleaseshowme_____.A.whichtouseB.howtouseitC.wheretouseit8.Therearemanypeopledownstairs.Whatdoyouthink____?A.tohappenB.happeningC.hashappened9.—Guess______Ididyesterday!—Ithinkyouwenttoaparty.A.whereB.whenC.what10—Doyouthink____heshouldgotothemusicclubornot?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.thatB.whatC.whether11.Theywillbethankfulfor_____youhavedone.A.whatB.thatC.which12.—WheredoesMr.Blacklive?Canyouguess?—Sorry,Ican’tguess____.A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelivein第116页共116页 C.wherehelives13.Couldyouletmeknow_____yesterday?A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whydoyoucomelate14.Wearenotsureifit____tomorrow.Ifit_____,oursportsmeetingwillbeputoff.A.willrain;rainsB.rains;willrainC.willrain;willrain15.Iwanttoknow_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.whathewilldoB.whatwillhedoC.whathedid16.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.willtake17.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hadneverbeen18.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictionarytoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhave19.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecan20Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travels21.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.when22,Idon"tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.when23.Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.which24.Shedidn"tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe25.Idon"tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherB.whereC.what第116页共116页 26.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatB.whenC.why27.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.A.whomB.whichC.who28.Theydon"tknow______theirparentsare.A.thatB.whatC.why29.Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworked30.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitis31.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhat32.Didyouknow____?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingfor33.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijing34.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_hecouldbuythebookonthetable.A.thatB.howC.if35.—Idon"tknow_____Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.how36.—Weneverknow_____theoldmanis.—TheysayheisLiming’sfather.A.whoB.whatC.which37.Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.thatwhen第116页共116页 38.—Wheredoyouthink_____he_____thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.／;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buy39.Idon"tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme_____thismorning.A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwas 40.Couldyoutellme_______?A.WhenwillMarycomebackB.WhenMarycomesbackC.WhenMarywillcomeback 41.Lucydidn’tknow________.      A.ifJoewillgotoBeijing.      B.whydidJoegotoBeijing      C.ifJoewouldgotoBeijing 42.--Oh,sorry,I"malittlelate.Icouldn"tremember___________.      ---That"sallright.       A.whenwillthemeetingbegin      B.whenthemeetingwouldbegin       C.Whenwouldthemeetingbegin43-----Couldyoutellme?-----Pardon?Youmeanthepolicestation?A.WhereisthepolicestationB.WherethepoliceareC.HowcanIgettothepolicestation44.-----Excuseme,whatdoestheteacherwanttoknow?------Hewantstoknow________________.A.whenwillyoufinishyourworkB.whenyoufinishyourworkC.whenyouwillfinishyourwork45.Theprofessordidn"tknow_____themeeting.A.whenhewillhaveB.whenhewouldhaveC.whenwouldhehave46.–DidJennycallmejustnow?--Yes,shewondered_____tonight.第116页共116页 A.whenyouwillbefreeB.thatyouwouldbefreeC.ifyouwouldbefree47.Cookingdinnerisdifficult.Couldyoutellme_____?A.whattodoitB.howtodoitC.wheretogo48.Heisnotsure_____.A.whichcoatheshouldbuyB.whichheshouldbuycoatC.whatcoathebuy49.Youcan’timagine_____whensheheardthegoodnews.A.howshewashappyB.howhappyshewasC.shewashowhappy50.Couldyoupleasetellme____now?A.whereisMaryB.whereMaryisC.whereMarywas参考答案1—5CBBCC6—10ABCCC11—15ACBAA16—20ACCBC21—25CBBAA26—30ACBCB31—35AACCA36—40ACACC41—45CBBCB46—50CBABB第116页共116页 专题一四定语从句考点聚焦一、什么是定语从句定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。二、定语从句的关系词一般情况下，如果先行词表示人的名词或代词时，关系词应用who，whom或that。who和that在从句中可以作主语或宾语；whom在从句中作宾语。whose在从句中常作主语的定语，通常指人，也可以指物，表示“谁的……”.。先行词如果是表示物的名词或代词时，用that或which均可，但有些情况只能用that，有些情况只能用which。三、在下列情况下，定语从句的关系代词多用that1.当先行词为all，something，anything等不定代词时用that。如：Youshouldtellmeall(that)youhaveknowabout.你因该把你所知道的情况告诉我。Hereissomethingthatmyfatherneeds.这正是我父亲所需要的东西。2.当先行词被every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时，用that。如：Hehasspentallthemoneythathisfathergavehim.他已经把父亲给他的钱都花掉了。Tomtriedeverymeansthathecoulddotofinishthejobontimebuthefailed.为了完成工作，汤姆想尽了一切办法，但他还是失败了。3.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，用that。如：ThisisthesecondletterthatIreceivedfrommyyoungersisterthismonth.这是我这个月收到我妹妹的第二封信。GonewiththeWindisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.《乱世佳人》是我看过的最好的影片之一。第116页共116页 4．先行词被only,very,same,last等词修饰时，用that。如：Thisistheonlybookthatyoucanreadinthesefewdays.这是你最近几天能看的唯一一本书了。Thatistheverymagazinethatheislookingfor.那正是他要找的那本杂志。1.在限制性定语从句中关系代词作表语时应用that。如：Thedistancethatyouarefromhomeisimmaterial.你离家的距离是微不足道的。6.当主语中已出现which而为了避免重复时使用that。如：Whichisthebookthatyouneed?你需要的是哪一本书呢？7.当先行词既有人，又有物时，引导词只用that。如：Hecanseetwoboysandsometreesthatareatadistanceoffivehundredmeters.他看见在五百米外有两个男孩和一些树。四、在下列情况中则多用which1.非限制性定语从句多用which。如：Canada,whichisinNorthAmerica,isthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.位于北美洲的加拿大是世界第二大国。2.介词之后的定语从句多用which。如：Thisisthestampforwhichheislooking.这正是他要找的那枚邮票。3.“those+复数名词”之后的定语从句，用which。如：Asupermarketshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellwell.商场应储存一些销量好的商品。4.定语从句离先行词较远时，用which。如：MygrandmothergavemeagiftofgreatvalueonmybirthdaywhichIlikedverymuch.在我生日的那一天，我奶奶给了我一件非常珍贵的礼物，我非常喜欢它。第116页共116页 1.先行词为代词that时，为避免重复，其后的定语从句的引导词多用which（非正式英语也用that）。如：HetoldmethatwhichIhadtoldyoubefore.他告诉我的是以前我曾经给你说过的那件事。五、在下列情况下，关系代词一般用who（指人）1.非限制性定语从句中，用who。如：Lincoln,whowasmurderedatatheatreinWashington,D.C.,diedonApril15,1865.林肯在首都华盛顿的一家剧院被人暗杀，于1865年4月15日去世。2.当不定代词everybody（everyone），anybody（anyone），allone，ones等为先行词时，关系代词一般用who。如：Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneversucceed.不努力的人永远不会成功的。Isthereanybodywhocanswimacrosstheriver？有人能游过这条河吗?3．当先行词为those或people时，关系代词一般用who.Thosewhowanttoseetheexhibitionmustsigntheirnameshere.要看这个展览的人必须在这里签名。Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.有时候，眼睛看得见的人也会做同样的傻事。4．在被分割开来的定语从句中，先行词为人时，关系代词一般用who，如：ImetaboyattheEnglishCorneryesterdaywhocanspeakEnglishfluently.昨天，我在英语角上遇到一个能讲一口流利英语的男孩。5．在以therebe开头的存在句型中，先行词为人，关系代词一般用who.如：Therewasanoldladywhowantedtoseeyouatthegatejustnow.刚才大门口有一位老妇人有事找你。实战演练(2×50)计分:1.Isthegirl___isreadingabookunderthatbigtreeyoursister?第116页共116页 No.MysisterisinFrance.A.whoB.whomC.whose2.Jimdislikepeople_____talkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.whoB.whomC.whose3.Thisistheschool_____Istudiedinthreeyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.which4.Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary_____Ilosemyselfwithalotofgoodbooks.A.whereB.whenC.which5.Ilovesingers_____writetheirownmusicA.whoB.whichC.what6.Thevillage_____Ivisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.Really?Ihopetogothereoneday.A.thatB.whoC.when7.Theoldwoman_____iswearingapairofglasses_____Mrs.BlackA.which,areB.who,areC.who,is8.Doyoulikemusic_____makesyourelaxed?A.itB.whatC.that9.Thegirl_____.youtalkedwithattheschoolgateisournewmathteacher.A.whoseB.whichC.whom10.Iliketheteacher______isstrictwithus.A.whichB.whoC.whose11.Icannotforgetthetime______theearthquakehappenedoninYushu.A.whenB.whichC.who12.Doyouknowtheboy______issittingnexttoPeter.Yes,HeisPeter`sfriend.Theyarecelebratinghisninthbirthday.A.whoB.whoseC.which13.Ihaveboughtadress_____Ilikebest.A.whoB.whereC.which14.Thecamel______Irodehadabadtemper,andIgottired.第116页共116页 A.thatB.whoseC.who15..GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacherlovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.he16.ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn`tit?Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschools______thosechildrencanstudyhappily.A.whereB.whenC.whom17.Thepolicecaughttheman_____stolemyhand-bag.A.heB.thatC.whom18.Theforeigner______visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whoC.whose19.Anyone______ispunished.A.whobreaktherulesB.whobreakstherulesC.whombreaktherules20.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren"sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.what21.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.Ispoketo22.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedinB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedat23.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.inwhich24.Thatistheday______I"llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhich25.Thefactory______we"llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.which26.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.which第116页共116页 27.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______..A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyear28.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalked29.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhich30.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.which31.Isthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who"sC.whose32.I"minterestedinall______youhavesaid.A.thatB.whatC.which33.Iwanttousethedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.what34.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whom35.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.who36.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whom37.Ilostabook,______Ican"tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofit38.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhich第116页共116页 39.Icanneverforgetthedaywhenweworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.whichB.whenC.onwhich;40.Theman______hairiswhiteisAmerican.A.whichB.whoseC.what41.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.it42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ispendonthefarmwiththefarmers.A.whenB.thatC.where43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.own;isC.own;are44.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.which45.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.whichB.thatC.what46.Doyouknowthewomanaboutherinformation_____iscryingoverthere?A.whoB.whoseC.which47.--Doyouknowtheboy_______wearsablueshirt?      --Yes,he’sJill.      A.who               B.which                      C.whose48.--Whatkindofmusicwouldyourmotherlike?--Sheprefersmusic     quietandgentle.A.thatare           B.thatis                 C.whichhas     49.-----Theskirtismadeofsilkisverycomfortable.Wouldyoulikeone?----Letmehavealook.A.whoB.whatC.that50.Ilikeplaces_____arequietandbeautiful.A.thoseB.whichC.where第116页共116页 参考答案1—5AACAA6—10ACCCB11—15BACAA16—20ABBBA21—25CACAC26—30ACAAC31—35CAABC36—40CAAAB41—45BBBAA45—50AABCB专题一五状语从句考点聚焦状语从句的定义用来修饰动词和形容词，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间，地点，原因等等的句子叫做状语从句。状语从句的分类一、时间状语从句时间状语从句表示时间，引导词有：when,while,as,till,untilbefore,after,since等。时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同，要注意把握不同引导词所表示的不同时间关系，以及它在具体句子中对应的时态、语态等问题。第116页共116页 注意：as（在……时候，因为），since（自从，因为），它们可以引导时间从句，并强调主句和从句的动作同事发生。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：（1）Whilemymotherwasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.(read是延续性的动词，read和watch同事发生)Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）（2）when（当……的时候），引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。从句动作可与主语动作同事发生，也可在其后发生。Iwasreadingabookwhenshecameintomyroom.(come是瞬间动词，只能用when引导，不能用while)Ioftenmissedmyhomewhen(while)IlivedinNewYork.（live是延续性动词，when可用while代替）（3）when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用于进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用于一般时态。Whiletheyweretalking,thebellrang.正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。（4）as译作“一边……一边”、“随着……”，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。有时可与when，while通用。Wealwayssingaswewalk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）Asyougrow,youwillknowmoreandmore。随着年龄的增长，你会懂得越来越多。2.till或until引导的时间状语从句till，until（直到……才）：一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。till不可以在句首，而until可以放在句首。注意：如果主句中的的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：Ididn’tgotobeduntil(till)myfathercameback.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。（gotobed是瞬间动词，主句用否定形式）Italkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回来为止Ididn"tworkuntilhecameback.他回来我这才开始工作第116页共116页 PleasewaituntilIarrived.在我到达之前等我。3.since引导的时间状语从句Since（自从）：引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，也可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动作用现在完成时。但在Itis+时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.自从你离开以来，我一直在北京。WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？ItisfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。4.由before和after引导的时间状语从句注意：（1）before（在……之前）：引导的从句不再用否定的谓语。（2）当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时。则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。（3）after（在……之后）：表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。如果主句用的是过去时，则从句多用过去完成时。例如：Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.他们要过四天才能回来MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome.完成工作之后，我们回家了（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）5.由assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute,等引导的时间状语从句：这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如：IwillgotheredirectlyIhavefinishedmybreakfast.吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。ThemomentIheardthenews,Iwenttotheschool.我一听到消息，马上赶到了学校。AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。注意hardly（scarcely，rarely）……when,before，nosooner…than相当于assoonas之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时态。当hardly，scarcely,rarely和nosooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：第116页共116页 HardlyhadIsatdownwhenhesteppedin,我刚坐下，他就进来了。二、原因状语从句原因状语从句表原因，常见的引导词有：because（因为），since（既然），as（既然），for（因为）1.becausey引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，语气最强，回答why引导的疑问句必须使用because。IdoitbecauseIlikeit..——Whydidn’thecomeyesterday?——Becausehehadsomethingimportanttodo.注意“not……because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句，例如：Thecountryisnotstrongbecauseitislarge.国强不在大.2．Since引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句之前，表示已知的、显然的理由。通常被翻译成“既然”，较为正式，语气比because弱。。Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics,既然今天你休息，你最好帮我补习数学。3.as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较正式，位置较灵活，常放于主句之前。Asitisraining,you’dbettertakeataxi，既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽车。4.for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.他不可能见过我，因为我不在那里。三、条件状语从句引导条件句常用的连词有if（如果），unless（如果不，除非）等，条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，表示将来要用一般现在时态。Wewon’tletyouinunlessyoushowyourpass.Ifyoufailagainthistime,whatwillyoudo?（1）if引导的条件状语从句表示将来时，要用一般现在时代替，主句仍使用一般将来时态。第116页共116页 （2）将if引导的宾语从句和状语从句进行混淆考查，宾语从句中的if表示“是否”，可以使用一般将来时。四、让步状语从句让步状语从句表示“虽然，即使，尽管”。引导词有although，though，eventhough,evenif都表示“虽然，即使，尽管”之意。主句中不能用but，但可用yet、Though和although语气较弱（其中的though比although通俗，不如although正式），evenif和eventhough带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如：Althoughtheyarepoor,theyarehappyyet.虽然他们很穷，但很快乐Thearticleisveryimportantthoughitisshort.那篇文章虽然很短，但很重要。Eventhoughitwasraining,shewalkedtowork.即使下雨，她也是走着去工作的。I’llvisithimthiseveningevenifIcanstayonlyafewminutes.今晚我将去拜访他，即使我只能停留一小会儿。注意though引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊，它可以倒装，也可以不倒装。五、地点状语从句地点状语从句常由where和wherever引导，通常可置于主句之前或之后。如：Weshouldgowhere(ver)wearemostneeded,我们要去最需要我们的地方。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。六、目的状语从句目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导，所引导的从句通常放在主句后面。目的状语从句中的谓语常含有may(might),can(could),shall,will等情态动词。如：Healwaystakesaseatinthefirstrowsothat/inorderthathecanhearbetter.=Inorderthathecanhearbetter,healwaystakesaseatinthefirstrow.为了听得更清楚，他总是坐前排的座位。七、结果状语从句结果状语从句常由sothat,so…that,such…that等引导，放在主句之后，so…that与such…that句型在一定条件下可转换。第116页共116页 如：Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.=Hemadesoexcellentaspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.他的演讲如此精彩以至于每个人都很钦佩他。注意sothat引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句的辨别sothat从句之前有个逗号的常为结果状语从句，因表示某一行为带来的结果，从句中的时态常为过去式；sothat从句中有may（might），can（could），should,will等情态动词的通常是目的状语从句。如：Iwroteasclearlyaspossible,sothatIgothighmarks.(目的)我尽可能地写清楚些，这样可以得高分。Hewenttothelectureearlysothathecouldgetagoodseat.（目的）他很早就去听报告了，以便可以找到一个好座位。Hewenttothelectureearly,sothathegotagoodseat.（结果）他很早就去听报告了，这样他就找到一个好座位。八、比较状语从句1.比较状语从句常由as…as，notso（as），than引导。比较从句部分常为省略句。如：Hisbrotherisashandsomeashe(is)/him.(非正式英语中可用宾格him)他弟弟和他一样英俊。Heswimsfasterthananyotherstudentinhisclass(does).他比班上其他任何人都游得快。2.通常把themore…themore…结构也归为比较从句，意为：“越…越”。如：Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyou’llmake.你越努力学习，就会取得越大的进步。Thelesssheworried,thebettersheworked.她担心得越少，就工作得越好。九、方式状语从句1.方式状语从句常由（just）as（像…），asif/though（好像）引导，表示动作的方式。如：Doexactlyasthedoctorsays.一定要按照大夫的话去做。第116页共116页 Hewalkedslowlyasif/thoughhehadhurthisleg.他慢慢地走着，仿佛是腿受了伤。注：在非正式问题中有时会用like代替as引导方式从句。2.asif/though引导的状语从句，若描述非事实情况，常用虚拟语气，若描述的是实际情况，用陈述语气。如：Shetreatstheorphanasif/thoughhewasherownchild.她对待孤儿就像是她自己的孩子一样。（他是孤儿，当然就不是她亲生孩子，故用虚拟语气。）Itlooksasif/thoughit’sgoingtorain.看起来天像是要下雨了。（本句用的是陈述语气，说明天真象是要下雨了。）实战演练(2×50)计分:1.Idon’tknowifittomorrow,ifit,wewon’tgoonapicnic.A.rains;rainsB.willrain;rainsC.willrain;willrain2.Wecan’tgotothezoo___theweatherisfinetomorrow.A.unlessB.ifC.because3.Justworkhard,____yourdreamwillcometrue.A.butB.andC.or4.Don’tcrossthestreet____thetrafficlightsaregreen.A.afterB.untilC.when5.____theymaynotsucceed,theywilltrytheirbest.A.ThoughB.BecauseC.Unless6.Wewillhavenowatertodinkwedon’tprotecttheearth..A.untilB.beforeC.if7.Luckily,allthestudentsgotoutoftheteachingbuildingiffelldown.A.untilB.beforeC.after8.Mygrandmadidn’tgosleepIgotbackhome.A.whereB.untilC.assoonas9.UncleWanggaveallhissavingstotheHopeSchool______hehimselfwasnotrich.     A.because                B.asif                  C.though     第116页共116页 10.You’lldobetteryouaremorecarefulwithyourspelling.A.ifB.beforeC.although11.Thesportsmeetingwillcontinueitrainsthisafternoon.A.ifB.sinceC.unless12.I’llgiveherthemessageshecomesback.A.tillB.beforeC.assoonas13.Jimisgoingtobeadoctorwhenhe_______.        A.willgrowup         B.growsup               C.growup   14.—Didyoucatchwhattheteachersaid?—No.ShespokesofastIcouldn’thearherveryclearly.A.whichB.thatC.when15.Theteacherspeaksveryloudlyallthestudentscanhearher.A.sothatB.becauseC.since16.Studyhard,_______youwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.A.andB.orC.but17.Severaldayshaspassed_________theterribleearthquakehappenedinJapan.A.afterB.sinceC.as18.It’srainingoutside.Don’tleave_______itstops.A.WhenB.sinceC.until19._________it’sdifficulttomakeherdreamcometrue,butshenevergivesup.A.ThoughB./C.Because20.____yougototheparty,youwillhaveagoodtime.A.IfB.ThoughC.Because21.---IsWuDongatschooltoday?----No,heisathome____hehasabadcold.A.WhenB.ThoughC.Because22.Therearemanybooksonmathinthebookshopthathecan’tdecidewhichtochoose.A.soB.tooC.such23.HegotupearlyhecouldgettoschoolontimeA.eventhoughB.asifC.sothat24.Sheisshortshecan’treachthebuttonsofthelift第116页共116页 A.so,thatB.such,thatC.too,to25.---Mum,whatdidthedoctorsay?---Heaskedmetolive____theairisfresher.A.whereB.whenC.because26.Thepianointheothershopwillbe____,but____.A.cheaper;notasbetterB.morecheap;notasbetterC.cheaper;notasgood27.Allofushaven’tseenMikeheleftourcity.A.whenB.untilC.since28.theyarepoor,yettheyareveryhonest.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.When29.---Whatwasthepartylike?---Wonderful.It’syears__________Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.beforeC.since30.Whydoyouwantanewjob__________yougotsuchagoodonealready?A.thatB.whereC.when31.Youwillbelate______________youleaveimmediately.A.unlessB.untilC.if32.Wewon’tgiveup______________wemayfailtentimes.A.evenifB.sinceC.whether33.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe_________.A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isarriving34.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_______________.A.willrainB.rainsC.rained35.Itrained___heavilythattheydidn’tcome.A.asB.tooC.so36.IoftenvisitedTian’anMenSquare____________IwasstayinginBeijing.A.untilB.duringC.while37.HealwaysthinksI’mwrong,_____________Imaysay.A.nomatterwhateverB.whateverC.what第116页共116页 38.__________therainhasstopped,let’scontinuetowork.A.BecauseB.IfC.That39.Theywaited__________itwasdarkA.untilBforC.because40.Youwillcatchacold_____________putonmoreclothes.A.ifyoudon’tB.ifyouwillnotC.untilyou41.Wehadhardlygottothestation__________itbegannorain.A.untilB.sinceCwhen42.Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblem__theythemselvescouldn’t.A.onceB.thenC.while43.MynameisRobert,___________mostofmyfriendscallmeBobforshort.A.thenB.insteadC.however44.Hurryup,_______youwillbelate.A.andB.orC.but45.Severaldayshaspassed_________theterribleearthquakehappenedinJapan.A.afterB.sinceC.as46._________heisyoung,heknowsalot.A.ThoughB./C.Because47.Myfriendsalwaysgoshoppingwhen_____.A.itissunnyB.itwillbesunnyC.itisraining48.Wearenotsureifthebus_____ontime.Ifit_____ontime,wewilltakeataxi.A.comes;doesn’tcomeB.willcome;won’tcomeC.willcome;doesn’tcome49.Lucycametothelibraryearly_____sheborrowedherfavoritebook.A.sinceB.forC.sothat50.Wecouldn’tgettoschoolontime____itwasrainingheavily.A.becauseofB.becauseC.though参考答案1—5BABBA6—10CBBCA11—15CCBBA16—20ABCBA21-25CACAA26—30CCBCC31—35AABBC36—40CBAAA41—45CCCBC第116页共116页 46—50AACCB第116页共116页