初中英语语法介词j讲解 47页

介词的种类一.表示时间介词三.表示方位介词二.表示地点介词四.表示方法、手段五.常见介词的搭配 介词1.是一种用来表示:词与词,:词与句之间的关系的词。2.在句中不能单独作句子成分介词后面一般有:名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词的含义 ondownunderupbelowoverabovebewteen 什么是介词？它的作用是什么？1.Lookatme.()2.Hegoestoschoolbybike.()3.Heisinterestedindrawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.()代词名词动名词介词:通常用在_________、_______、_______之前，表示某个人、事物/东西、事件与另一个之间的_________。名词代词名词动名词关系 介词的主要分类：1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________4.bytheway,atlast,intheend___________地点介词方式介词时间介词固定搭配 一.时间介词1.in年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）on具体某一天，星期、节日at钟点、节日、（一段时间）的起点注意：atnoon在中午atnight在夜间inthemorning在早上onthemorningofJuly1st在七月一日的早上onarainyday在雨天 .地点介词At:表示小地方用In:表示大地方用 一.地点介词1.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet..______________________2.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,inspace…_______________________3.inthebox,onthechair,underthedesk,nexttoKate,ontherightofLucy,infrontofthehouse,behindthedoor…_________________________表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具体不同的介词 填上正确的地点介词：1.在广州_______Guangzhou2.在电影院_______thecinema3.在湖边_______thelake4.在海里_______thesea5.树上的苹果apples______thetree6.书上的小鸟birds______thetree7.在天空上______thesky8.在农场上________thefarm19.在街道上________thestreetinatatinonininonin表示大地方用in 方式介词使用工具用介词with使用器官用介词with使用语言用介词in使用声音用介词in使用方法用介词in或by 二.方式介词1.writewithapen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock…____________________2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths…____________________3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,inthreelanguage…_____________________4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…___________________5.inthisway,bythismeans…___________________使用工具用介词with使用器官用介词with使用语言用介词in使用声音用介词in使用方法用介词in或by 6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)byland陆路，bysea水路，byair空运_________________但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar…7.①Shanghailies___theeastofChina.()②Japanlies_____theeastofChina.()③Hubeilies_____thenorthofHunan.()8.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite…__________________9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun（在阳光下）underthesun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）使用交通工具用byintoon在中国内部在中国外部两地接壤表示穿衣服用in固定搭配() 三.时间介词1.atsixo’clock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night…________________2.onSunday,onNewYear’sDay,onMarch21st,onmybirthday…_________________3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998…_____________________4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_____________________但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_________night6.intheday=inthe________表示点钟或具体一点时间用at表示在某一天用on表示大于一天的时间用in在早上/下午/傍晚用inintheday-time 1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis___themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn__aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetravelledovernighttoParisandarrived__5o’clock__themorning.A.on,inB.at,inC.at,in4.Wefinishourlessons___11:30andthenhavearest__noon.A.in,inB.at,atC.in,at 2.in+时间段在……之后（内），多用于将来时after+时间段在……之后，多用于过去时1.MrBrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback___twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in2.Ourmanagercameback___anhour.A.inB.afterC.at 3.for+时段since+时段+agosince+时间点since+一般过去时句子常用于现在完成时1.Hecamehere__1992,andhehaslivedhere___1992.A.in,forB.in,sinceC.since,since2.IhaveknownLiLei__overfiveyears.A.inB.sinceC.for 3.Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehe__here.A.comeB.cameC.comes4.Theoldmanhasbeenaway___twoyearsago.A.inB.sinceC.for 4.before在……之前by到……时为止,不迟于……1.Hewon’tcomeback___five.A.beforeB.afterC.by2.Theworkmustbefinished__Friday.A.atB.byC.after3.Wehadthreemeetings___lastFriday.A.inB.beforeC.by 2.above在……上方below在……下方,是above的反义词1.Thetemperaturewillfall__zeroatnight.A.belowB.aboveC.over2.Suddenlythereisaloudvoice___thetree.A.belowB.aboveC.on3.Thereisaclockonthewall.It’s___theblackboard.A.onB.inC.above 二.地点介词1.on在……的上面,与表面接触over在……的正上方,不接触表面under在……下面(是on,over的反义词)1.Look!Thereisabridge__theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate?A.onB.inC.over3.Thelight__usisverybright.A.overB.underC.on 4.Aroadis___ourcityandthereismuchtraffic___it.A.on,overB.above,onC.over,on5.Thesunrose___thehorizon(地平线).A.onB.aboveC.over注意:on接触平面over在平面的正上方above在上方 3.in+大地方at+小地方on+门牌，某层楼1.Myunclelive___F12__thefifthfloor.A.at,onB.in,onC.on,at2.Theyarrived___Beijingat12:00andwaitedforabus___thestationtothehotel.A.at,inB.in,onC.in,at 表示"在……上"时，不是都用"on"，有时须用in。在树上inthetree用于指树上的鸟、人等。onthetree用于指生长在树上的叶子、果实。在墙上inthewall镶嵌在墙内，指窗户、门、钉子等。onthewall在墙的表面之上，指地图、画像等。在报纸上inthenewspaper用于指报上的内容。onthenewspaper用于指放在报纸上的东西，如眼镜等。in,on 2.in里面，排、行、组on左、右边at前、后部1.Weare___TeamOne.Isit__thefrontoftheclassroom.LiPingis___myleft.A.on,in,atB.in,in,atC.in,at,on2.Ihaveagoodseat.Isit__thebus.A.inthefrontofB.infrontof3.Theteacherisstanding___ourclassandgiveatalk.A.inthefrontofB.infrontof 3.to表目的地或去的目的for动身去某地1.Hegotonatrain___Shanghai.A.toB.forC.towards2.Wilyoutakeatrain___Tianjian.A.toB.forC.at3.I’mleaving____Beijingnextweek.A.toB.forC.towards 1.in在某范围之内to在某范围之内on与某地相邻、接壤1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to三.方位介词 4.cross表面穿过through中间穿过1.Thesunshinecomeintotheroom___thewindow.A.acrossB.throughC.past2.Youcango___theroadhere.A.acrossB.throughC.past3.Canyouswim____theriver.A.acrossB.throughC.past 常用易混淆介词辨析after/in皆可表示时间在……之后，其区别为：after①.表示“在某点时间之后”，用于将来时。如：We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.②.表示“一段时间之后”，用于过去时。如：Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.in表示“一段时间之后”，用于将来时。如：We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks. between/among1)between多指两者之间。如：What"sthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?2)among指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间，在或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间，在……之中”。如：Theyoungpeoplelivedandworkedamongtheworkers.注意：我们可以说betweenyouandme，但不能说betweenyouandI，因为between是介词。3)between还可以用来指三个或三个以上的人或物的每两个之间。三个或三个以上的名词用and连接，前面用between，而不用among。如：Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.Switzerlandlies_______France,Ger-many,AustriaandItaly.between besides/exceptWehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang（除……之外，还有）全部计算在内WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.（除……之外，不计算在内）—Allthestudentsinourclasswenttothecinema___Kangkang,why?—Becausehehadabadcold.A．ExceptB．besidesC．BesideD．without【解析】except“除……之外”，排除……在外的意思；besides“除……之外”，包含……在内；beside“在…旁边”；without“没有”。根据题意可知用except，故选A。 over表示与某物不接触的“正上方”，under与其相对，表示“正下方”。Theskyisoverourheads.天空在我们头顶上。Thecatisunderthetable.那只猫在桌子底下。above表示“在……的上方”，“高于”；below与其相对，表示“在…的下面”，“低于”。Thetemperaturewillstayabovezerointhedaytime，butatnightitwillfallbelowzeroagain.白天气温将保持在零度以上，但在晚上又将降到零度以下。on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.他们把一些花放在讲桌上。over,above,on 1.cross作动词用，“穿过，越过”的意思。主要表示在物体表面上横穿。如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与goacross同义。cross作名词用是“十字架，十字形饰物”的意思。2.across是介词，有“横跨，横穿，穿越”之意。across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过，越过，横穿”的意思。与cross基本同义，也是表示从物体表面经过。cross，across,through3.through是介词，“在...之中，透过”的意思，常与go,walk等动词连用，主要表示从物体内部穿过。如穿过森林、隧洞等 1.Wemust________theroadverycarefully.2.Beforegoing_________theroad,youshouldlookleftfirstandthenright.3.Itrytogetintotheroom________thewindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.4.Theydrove_______thestreetquickly,butthepolicecaughtthematlast.5.It’sdangeroustoswim________theriver.6.Go_________thebridgeandyouwillseethestation.crossacrossacrossacrossacrossthrough infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.在楼前有一些高树。Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老师坐在教室前面infrontof,inthefrontof aboveoveronbelowunderaboveoverbelowunderonBecareful,thereisaheavybox______yourhead.Thesunis_____themountainintheeast.Therearesomestamps_______thedesk.Thepositionhepointedtowas_______thesealevel.Thelittlemouseis_____thetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.overaboveonabovebelowunder 表示“延续的一段时间”时，可用“for＋时间段”或“since＋过去的时间点”，常与含延续动词的完成时连用。—Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity?你在这座城市待了多久了？—Fortenyears.十年。MrSmithhaslivedheresince1998.史密斯先生自从1998年就住在这。since,for 单词拼写:1.Thereare____(超过)sixtystudentsinourclass.2.Fishcan’tlive__________(没有)water.3.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime_________(自从…)wemetlasttime.4.Doyouworryabout__________(他们)?5.Who’s______(值日)dutytoday?6.Haveyoupaid______(付款)thebook?7.Pleaseturn_______(关掉)thelights.8.It’sbadforyourhealthtogotoschool___________(不吃)breakfast.overwithoutsincethemonforoffwithout 1.Weusuallyhavelunch______noon.2.LinTaowasborn______February18th.3.Annsits_____myright,______Kate"sleft.Shesits___________us.4.Myfatherisleaving______Suzhoutomorrow.5.Wemustlearn_______eachother.atonononbetweenforfrom用适当的介词填空 6.Theywent_________thegateandenteredthegarden.7.Wecandoallthings_______ourhands.______theendofthelastcap，hecaughtup_____theothers.9.Bekind_____people.Don"tshout_____people.10.Lastmonthheworked_____ateacher_____threeweeks.throughwithAtwithtoatasfor 1.Hisfatherisveryangry_________himhisstudy.A.at，withB.with，atC.to，aboutD.about，to2.Paperismade_________wood.A.fromB.ofC.byD.in3.Thebasketisfull_________apples.A.withB.ofC.inD.by4.Katecan"tcome.Let"saskweiHuainstead______her.A.ofB.forC.toD.with5.Theheavyrainstoppedme___gettingtoschoolontime.A.toB.fromC.onD.forBABAB 6.LiLida"sparentsareveryproud_________theirson.A.toB.inC.forD.of7.Thefoxlookedup_________acocksittingthetree.A.to，inB.at,inC.for，onD.at，on8.Pleasewait_________thebusstopnearmyhome.A.forB.atC.nextD.infront9.Whereisyourbikemade_________?A.inB.fromC.ofD./10.Whentheredlightison，it"sdangeroustogo_____thestreet.A.acrossB.throughC.crossD.toDBBDA 11.Heisrich_____unhappy.A.orB.andC.soD.but12.Takearest______youfinishthework.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.while13.Youcan"tpasstheexam,______youstudyhard.A.ifB.ofC.unlessD.and14.______ourteamtriedbest,____wefailed.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.If,andD.Though,/15.Don"tgetoff_______thebusstops.A.whenB.afterC.untilD.soDBDCC 16.Thereisagoodplay______TVthisevening.A.onB.byC.in17.Howfarisit____Guangzhou____Beijing?A.from…toB.from…forC.away…to18.Japanlies_____theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.on19.Mr.BrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback___towweeks.A.forB.afterC.in20.A:Whattimedidyougettherethismorning?B:____eight.A.InB.AtC.On21.Weallagree_____you.Let’sstartatonce.A.toB.forC.withAAACBC 22.Myauntarrivedhere____awarmspringmorning.A.inB.atC.on23.A:Whendidyourunclearrive______China?B:HegottoGuangzhou_____themorningofthe16thofApril.A.in,onB.in,inC.at,on24.Hawaiiisfamous_____itsbeautifulbeaches.A.inB.forC.with25.Wemuststopchildrenfrom______withfire.A.playB.playedC.playingCABC 26.Look,Tinaiswaiting________thebusstop.A．forB．atC．inD．To27.Whatwouldyouliketodo_____suchabadboy?A．withB．onC．atD．in28.Theyoungmanwalked_____theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.A．onB．overC．throughD．across29.Thefood__mycountryisquitedifferent__thathere.A．in;likeB．to;fromC．from;toD．in;from30.Taiwanisabeautifulislandandit"s____theeastofFujian.A．inB．onC．toBACDC 31.—Itissaidthatanewzoowillbebuiltinourtown.—I"m____it.Zoosareterribleforanimals.A．throughB．besidesC．againstD．except32.—Whenwillthepartybeheld?—_____twoweeks"time,____15thJuly.A.In;onB.In;inC.On;onD.At;on33.LinLinoftenpracticesEnglish____chattingwithherAmericanfriend.A.inB.byC.forD.with34.Youlooktired._____workingindoorsyoushouldbeoutforawalk.A.AheadofB.InsteadofC.InfrontofD.Inspiteof35.Lastnighthehadabedtosleep______，butIhadonlyachairtosit_____.A.in;onB./;/C.on;inD.in;toACBAB 36.WhenIgotintotheroom，Suewasbusytalking___thephone.A.withB.onC.toD.in37.—Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?—Yes,andpleasegetmesomemilk.Iprefercoffee__milk.A.withB.toC.ofD.on38.Sallyisveryhappy.Thereisabigsmile____herface.A.onB.toC.inD.at39.Manyteenagershavehobbies.Butsometimesthesehobbiescanget_____ofschoolwork.A.onthewayB.bythewayC.inthewayD.outoftheway40.—Whyareyoustandingthere,Maggie?—Ican"tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting___me.A.behindB.infrontofC.besideD.nexttoABCAB