2012年中考英语语法考点知识复习21 9页

2012年中考英语考点21动词主谓一致有关动词的重点：只有动词才能作谓语。动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。（一）联系动词：be，become(成为)，turn(变颜色)，grow(变天气)，look，smell，taste，sound(good√，well×)，seem，feel。（二）有关use的词组：①usedtodo过去常常作，beusedtodoing习惯于。1.---MyauntgoestoclimbmountGueverySunday.---Oh!Butshe________hateclimbingmountain.A.usedtoB.usetoC.usestoD.isusedto2.Lileiisusedtogettingearly.注意：usedtodo的否定式为usednottodo或didn’tuseto疑问式为：Didsbuseto?或usedsb…?②人+usesthfordoing=人+usesthtodo用某物做…其被动形式为：物+beusedtodo=物+beusedfordoingPeopleusestoneforbuildinghouses=Peopleusestonetobuildhouses.Stoneisusedforbuildinghouses=Stoneisusedtobuildhouses.（三）can’t表示“不可能”即否定性推测。mustn’t禁止、不可能；must“一定”表示肯定性推测；must引起的问句，其否定回答为needn’t.1.Theman_______beLiLei.LiLeihasgonetoBeijing.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.maynotD.needn’t2.Alotofcarsarecomingandgoing.You_______goacrossthestreet.A.needn’tB.maynotC.mustn’tD.must 3.MustIreturnthebooktomorrowmorning?No,you_______.You_______keepitforthreedays.A.mustn’t,mayB.mustn’t,mustC.needn’t,canD.needn’t,may4.---Look!Themanatthegate_______beourheadmaster.Heisalwaysstandingthereeverymorning.---No,itbehim.Heisholdingameetingintheofficenow.A.must,can’tB.must,mustn’tC.can,can’tD.can,mustn’t（四）及物动词与介词搭配：give,show,pass,lend+物+to+sb=give(…)sbsthmake,sing,buy+物+for+sb=make(sing,buy)sbsth（五）及物动词+副词结构,构成的动词短语的宾语是人称代词时，把代词放中间get(it)back，put(it)on，take(it)off，turn(it)on，pick(it)up，try(it)on，look(it)up，wake(me)up，put(it)up.1.Smokingisbadforyourhealth.You’dbetter_______.A.giveupitB.giveitupC.takeoutitD.takeitout基础知识：情态动词（一）can：①表能力“能，会”；②表推测“可能”；③表允许“可以”。1.---youpassmeapen?I’dliketowritedownthephonenumber.---Sure,Hereitis.A.CanB.NeedC.MightD.Must（二）could：can的过去式，表过去的能力。但could本身也可作情态动词，表委婉请求。（三）may：①允许“可以”；②表推测“可能”。1.IswimwhenIwastenyearsold.2.Johngotherewithastonight,butheisnotverysureaboutit.A.mustB.canC.willD.may （四）must：①主观看法“必须”；②推测“一定”。（五）need：①情态动词：need+动原②实义动词：needtodo③needdoing=needtobedone1.Youworryaboutme.It’snothingserious.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.won’t（六）情态动词的被动态：情态动词+be+过分（七）maybe和maybe①maybe用于句首，可能；②maybe可能是1.Ifyoueatbadfood,youill.A.maybeB.can’tbeC.mustD.maybe练习1.---Mayweplayfootballinthestreet?---No,you.It’sdangerous.A.canB.mustn’tC.mayD.maynot2.ThemanintheofficebeMr.Blackbecausehewenthomejustnow.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t3.Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccident.Sohe.A.mustbetakecareofB.musttakecareofC.mustbelookedafter4.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow5.---Hurryup,please!---It’squiteearly,youworryaboutthetime.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.needn’tD.can’t6.---There’ssomebodyatthedoor.Whoitbe?---No,itbehim.It’sjustseveno’clock.It’stooearly.A.may,can’tB.will,won’tC.may,mustn’t7.---Excuseme,couldIborrowsomemoneyfromyou?---Ofcourseyou. A.couldB.canC.mustD.need8.Theflowereveryday,orthey’lldie.A.mustwaterB.canbewateredC.shouldwaterD.mustbewatered9.---WhatdidyourPEteachersayaboutyourhighjumpatthesportsmeeting.---HesaidthatIbetter.A.candoB.amC.willdoD.coulddo10.---Where’sLucy?---I’mnotsure.Sheinthelibrary.A.maybeB.mustC.maybeD.willbe主谓一致即谓语动词的数与主语的单复数一致：（一）One，everyone，eachone，anyone，each，either，nineof+复数+单谓。Everyoneofthestudentsisstudyinghard.Neitherofthegirlsisabletoanswerit.1.Neitherofthetwobrotherswiththeirparents.A.liveB.arelivingC.liketoliveD.lives2.oftheboysinClass4isplayinggames.A.AllB.EachC.Theboth（二）不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语用单数Toteachistolearn.Playingwithfireisdangerous.1.PalyingbaseballDale’sfavouritesport.A.isB.areC.were（三）主语后跟含有with.except.together.with.aswellas等短语时,单复数应根据主语而定，而不受这些短语的影响。1.EveryoneexceptTomandJohntherewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wereD.was （四）主语为people.Police.cattle（家禽）poultry（家畜）等时，谓语用复数。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.Mostpeoplethinkso.（五）主语为复数而意义为单数，谓语用单数：①news，works（作品，工作），physics，politic政治，mathematics数学，谓语用单数；②trousers,Shoes,glasses为主语时,谓语用复数，当前面有apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。1.Ithinkphysics________maths.A.issousefulasB.aremoreusefulasC.areasusefulasD.ismuchmoreusefulthan（六）表示时间、长度、价格、质量等短语做主语时，即使其中的名词为复数名词，谓语动词也应用单数形式：Threeyearshasalreadypassedquickly.Fiftyyuanisenough.（七）由every，some，any，no构成的复合不定式代词做主语时，谓语用单数。1.Everygirl________toattendtheEnglishParty.A.wishB.wishesC.islikeD.like（八）就近原则：由either…or，Neither…nor，notonly…butalso连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。1.Notonlystudentsbutalsotheirteacher________theplan.A.objectB.objectsC.isobjectD.isobjectedTherebe句型中连接并列的主谓时，谓语用就近原则。Thereisagirlandfourboysintheroom.2.TheresomeChineseandthreeAmericansinthetravellingteam. A.areB.isC.hasD.have（九）so，neither倒装句：sodoI句型（即so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语），表示“两种情况相同”。注意：时态和数要一致。SoIdo陈述语序，表示“的确如此”。Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“两种情况都不”1.---Tomboughtacomputeryesterday.---Soshe.(sohe)2.---Theboydidn’tgotothePark.---Neither(nor)I.（十）由and连接两个不同的单数名词或代词作主语时，表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数；而表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。JackandTomlookheathyandstrong.Thepoetandmusicianvisitsourschooltoday.（十一）the+姓氏s表示“一家人”，谓语动词用复数。TheBlacksenjoyworkinginChina.（十二）anumberof+名复+复谓表示“很多”；thenumberof+名复+单谓表示“…的数目”。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedmorethan200,andanumberofthembeenherenow.A.were,hasB.were,haveC.was,hasD.was,have练习1．NeitherWeiHuanorAnn________ontheteam．A．isB．areC．goesD．go2．“Ithinkneitherthisshirtnorthatone________good”，hesaid．A．areB．isC．wereD．was3．ThisisMissGao．She________yournewteacher． A．beB．amC．isD．are4．Hisparents________comingtomeettheteachertonight．A．areB．wereC．is5．Howmuchmilk________inthebottle？A．hasB．arethereC．isthere6．EveryoneexceptTomandJohn________therewhenthemeetingbegan．A．isB．wasC．areD．were7．________Lily________Lucymaygowithyoubecauseoneofthemmuststayathome．A．Notonly；butalsoB．Neither；norC．Both；andD．Either；or8．________thepopulationofChina？A．HowmuchisB．HowmanyareC．WhatisD．Whatnumberis9．Jennyandherparents________goingtovisitthePalaceMuseumtomorrowA．isB．amC．areD．be10．Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher________intheclassroomthemoment．A．wereB．wasC．weren"tD．wasn"t11．—Howmanystudentsarethereinyourschool？—________thestudentsinourschool________overtwothousand． A．Thenumberof；is　B．Thenumberof；areC．Anumberof；isD．Anumberof；are12．—Arethetwinsonthefootballteam？—No，neitherofthem________ontheteam．A．isB．areC．wereD．be13．EitherBoborPeter________watchingthe17thWorldCupnow．A．isB．areC．amD．be 英语主谓一致考查题例答案与详解1．A。neither．．．nor．．．连接两个并列主语时，应根据“就近一致”的原则，谓语动词的数与nor后面的词语相一致。2．B。同上。3．C。主语为单数第三人称。4．A。一般现在时，主语为复数。5．C。主语是不可数名词，动词用单数第三人称形式。6．B。主语是everyone，且为一般过去时。7．D。根据句子的意思是“两者之一”故选D。8．C。某地区和国家的人口是单数第三人称，表示一事物。9．C。主语为复数。10．B。neither…nor采取就近原则，故用单数，且用肯定式。11．A。表示“……的数量”应用thenumberof，谓语动词用单数第三人称形式；而anumberof表示“许多，大量的”。12．A。同1题。13．A。采用就近原则。