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PEP小学英语语法表-音标--文化归类表

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PEP小学英语语法表  PEP语法汇总一  名词复数的规则变化  构成法  例词  A.在一般情况下,词尾加-s  book--books  bed--beds  B.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词,词尾加-es  bus--buses  box--boxes  dish--dishes  watch--watches  C.以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe改成v,再加-es  knife--knives  wife--wives  D.以o结尾的单词,有生命的物质加-es,无生命的物质加-s  tomato--tomatoes  photo--photos  E.以辅音字母加y结尾,先y将改i,再加上-es  family--families  city--cities   PEP语法汇总二  现在进行时构成ing形式  构成法  例词  A.一般加-ing  work--working  study--studying  B.以e结尾的词去e后加-ing  live--living  write--writing  C.动词为单音节:以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾,辅音字母双写,再加ing;动词为双音节或者多音节:最后一个音节为重读音节,以单一元音字母+单一辅音字母结尾辅音字母双写,再加ing  stop--stopping  run--running  swim--swimming  begin--beginning  PEP语法汇总三   一般现在时单三形式  构成法  例词  A.一般动词在词尾加-s  help--helps  make--makes  B.以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的动词在词尾加-es  fix--fixes  teach--teaches  wash--washes  C.以o结尾的动词在词尾加-es  go--goes  do--does  D.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先y变为i,再加-es  fly--flies  study--studies  carry--carries  E.不规则变化  have---has  PEP语法汇总四  一般过去时-ed形式  构成法  例词  A.一般动词在词尾加-ed  cook--cooked  play--played  B.以e结尾的动词在词尾加-d  live--lived  C.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先y变为i,再加-ed  fly--flied  study--studied  D.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词,双写该辅音字母加-ed  stop--stopped  plan--planned  E.不规则变化  swim–swam  have--had  F.be动词变化  am–was  is–was  are--were  PEP语法汇总五   形容词比较级er形式  构成法  例词  A.一般直接加-er  long--longer  B.如果以-e结尾,直接加-r  nice--nicer  C.闭音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母须双写这个字母,再加-er  big--bigger  D.以辅音字母加-y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er.  heavy--heavier  小学阶段没有强调比较级的不规则变化    小学英语时态总结一、一现在进行时:bedoing动词+ing的特殊变化见附1Iameating.Heiseating.二、一般将来时:begoingtodoIamgoingtoeat.Heisgoingtoeat.三、一般现在时:主+动s动词+s的特殊变化见附2Ieat.Heeats.四、一般过去时:主+动ed动词+ed的特殊变化见附3Iate.Heate.附1:动词+ing的特殊变化1去e+ing:takingmakingcominghavingwritingdancing2双写最后一个字母+ing:runningswimming附2:动词+s的特殊变化动词+es:goesdoeswatchesteachespasses附3:动词+ed的特殊变化do—didis/am—wasare—werehave—hadgo—wentread—readeat—atebuy—boughttake—tooksing—sangdance—dancedsee—sawget—gotleave—leftswim—swamstudy—studiedfly—flewsay—saidcome—camerun—rantell—tolddrink—drankfind—found 附4:形容词比较级的特殊变化:big—biggerthin—thinnerheavy—heavierfunny—funnier附5:代词的变化主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词~的myyourhisheritsouryourtheirPEP小学英语音标/i://ə://a://ɔ://u://i//e//æ//ə//p//b//t//d//k//g//f//v//θ//ð//s//z//ʃ//ʒ//h//r//tʃ//dʒ//ts//dz//tr//dr//j//w//m//n//ŋ//l//au//ʌ//ɔ//u//ei//ai//ɔi//əu//iə//εə//uə/元音:aeiouAa  cake,face,date,snake,grape,make,    game,plate,later,name,lake,etc    cat,map,hat,sad,happy,black,etcEe  evening,we,he,be,she,these,etc    bed,help,elbow,desk,ten,leg,    eleven,dress,egg,hen,yes,very,etcIi   ice,time,bike,ride,white,Friday,     library,rice,like,nice,kite,size,etc     pink,six,in,pig,fifty,river,     windy,sick,sister,sit,milk,fish,     slipper,in,thin,big,swim。it,etcOo   home,nose,rose,go,those,hole,     close,hotel,old,hello,rope,cold,etc    nod,not,closet,ox,fox,lock,     lot,shop,rock,office,orange,on,etcUu   sun,sunny,fun,jump,lunch,     supper,under,truck,duck,donut,US,      Sunday,hundred,etc     computer,Tuesday,excuse,unit,     January,avenue,music,use,etc 元音字母组合ea     tea,speak,dream,east,easy,teacher,      leaf,leave,read,jeans。meat,cheap,etc      breakfast,bread,sweater,head,etcee     see,need,queen,sheep,teeth,green,sleep,nineteen,street,        knee,etcoo    toothbrush,zoo,cool,food,noodles,Kangaroo,school,afternoon,      cookie,etc       classroom,book,foot,look,good,      bedroom,cookies,wood,etcou     blouse,house,mouth,mouse,south,cloudy,about,etcar     department,calf,park,March,apartment,far,marker,hard,party,etcor     morning,north,for,comer,short,shorts,story,horse,forty,         homework,work,doctor,world,word,etcir     shirt,bird,skirt,thirsty,thirty,third,circle,first,girl,etcur     Thursday,purple,hurt,nurse,hamburger,Saturday,etcer     sweater,sister,teacher,letter,supper,        computer,burger,under,comer,tiger,etcear     ear,year,near,hear,dear,etc ay      X-ray,day,May,play,may,always,today,gray,okay,way,etcow      know,below,slow,yellow,show,snow,bowl        cow,now,brown,flower,down,etcoa      boat,goat,road,etc  辅音字母组合sh      cashier,she,sheep,shoes,fish,etcch      chicken,teacher,chalk,chair,chant,         children,much,China,etctr       waitress,tree,street,truck,traffic,        strawberry,trick,etcdr       drink,dress,drive,dream,draw,etcth       theatre,thirsty,three,think,third,Thursday,teeth,etc          mother,father,this,that,they,brother,these,those,their,etcwh      where,what,white,when,why,etc用对称法排序20个辅音3个鼻音2个半元音3个似拼音20个元音元音字母读音例词a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中fishbigdrinksitmilkswimo在开音节中[ou]thoseclosegohoehomeno在闭音节中[C]clocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday 在闭音节中[∧]buscupjumpmuchlunch在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音,例如:Junebluerulersuper二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词a在[w]音后面[C]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前[α:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigho在-st-ld前[ou]mostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前[∧]comemonkeylovemother三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a[E]EChinaanotherwomanbreakfastorangecomradevillagecabbagee[E]hundredstudentopenweekendchickenpocketbeginchildreni[E]/holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal[ai]exercisesatelliteo[E]secondtonightsomebodywelcome[Eu]alsozerophotou[E]autumndifficult[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母jlrs后面时,读[u:]音,例如:JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音。四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词arar在[w]音后面[α:]carfarmdarksharpener[C:]warmquartertowardsoror在[w]音后面[C:]fortymorningshort[E:]wordworkerworseerirur[E:]certainlybirdThursday 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carrysorryhurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词are[εE]caredarehareere[iE]heremereire[aiE]firehirewireore[C:]morescorebeforeure[juE]purecureareereireore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picturepleasure重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parentzerostoryduringinspiring某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orangeveryAmericanparagraph六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读音例词ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplayair[εE]airhairchairpairrepairalal在fm前[C]smallballtalkwallall[C:l]alwaysalsosaltalmost[α:]halfcalmau/aw[C:]autumndaughterdrawea[i:]teacheasycheapplease[e]heavybreadsweaterweather[ei]breakgreatear[iE]heardearnearclearyear[εE]bearpearwearswear[E:]earthlearnearlyee[i:]jeepweekgreenthreeeer[iE]pioneerdeerbeerei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey [i:]eitherkeyeu/ew在jlrs后[ju:]newfewnewspaper[u:]flewbrewjewelryie/ei[s]音之后[i:]piecefieldreceiveoa[ou]coatJoanboatgoaloar/oor[C:]roarboarddoorflooroi/oy[Ci]noisepointboytoiletoo[u:]broomfoodtoothschoolbooklookcookfootgoodou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdown[ou]knowrowthrowthough[∧]youngcountryenough[u:]groupyousoupour[C:]courseyourfour[auE]ourhourours[E:]journeyui在jlrs后[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuition[u:]juicefruitsuit七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读音例词ai/ayei/eySundayforeignmonkeyow[ou]yellowsparrowtomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee-sion-tion[Fn]impressionnation-sion在元音字母后[Vn]visiondecisionoccasion-tion在s后[tFEn]questionsuggestion-sten[sn]listen-stle[sl]whistle-sure[VE]pleasuremeasure-ture[tFE]pictureculture八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everyday[ei]handbag[æ]blackboard[C:] 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun太阳+day[ei]日子>Sunday星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子>holiday假日break中断+fast[α:]斋戒>breakfast[E]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[C:]>cupboard[E]碗柜九、辅字组的读音辅字组读音例词bbikebusbag[/]bombtombcc在e前或在i/y前[k]cakepicturecoatmusic[s]facedecidecinemach[tF]muchchickrichteacher[k]schoolheadachechemistry[F]machine-ck[k]cockpocketblackknockd[d]doctorbreadhandday-dge[dV]bridgefridgedr-[dr]childrendriverdrinkf[f]fivefourbreakfastgg在ei/y前[^]baggardengo[dV]orangelargeGermangh[f]coughenough[/]lightdaughterhighgu--guegu在非重读音节中[^]guessleaguedialogue[^w]languageanguishh[h]hotheadhousehand[/]hourhonestj[dV]jeepjarjokejoinJulyk[k]kindbikeskatemakeweekkn-[n]knifeknowknockl[l]lifemilkschooltallm[m]monkeycomeautumn-mn[m]autumncolumnsolemnnn在[k][g]音前[n]notshinetennote [N]unclethankhungry-ng[N]morningyoungwrongp[p]paperplanepigshippenph[f]elephantphototelephoneq[k]Iraqqu-[kw]qualityquiter[r]redrubberrulers在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk[z]musichusbandsc-[sk]scarlet[s]musclesciencesh[F]shefishshirtwasht在通常情况下在弱读字母iaieio前[t]tenlettermeet[F]patientnationtch[tF]watchth在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the-ther中[θ]thinthirtymethod[T]thethesewiththan[T]clothefatherweathertr-[tr]treetraincountrytruckv[v]veryvoiceloveleavew[w]weekwinwakesweetwait[/]Answertwowh-wh-在字母o前[w]whatwhenwhitewhy[h]whowhosewholex在重读元音前[ks]boxtextexercise[gz]exampleexistexactwr-[r]writey-[j]yesyardyellowyoung PEP文化知识总汇PEP教材文化知识总汇共十类知识分类书册单元页数文化主题关键词饮食文化三上第五单元let’seatP57西餐礼仪Theknifeisontheright.Theforkisontheleft.Thespoonisbesidetheknife.Theplateisinthemiddle.四上: 第五单元whatwouldyoulikeP67饭后甜点dessert的介绍。It’ssomethingsweet,likepudding,fruitorice-cream…五上第三单元what’syourfavoritefoodP36中国食品的英语表达汤圆饺子粽子月饼 节日文化三下 第一单元welcomebacktoschool 第五单元whereismyruler?P11P57women’sdaychildren’sday 四上recycle2MerryChristmas:P80圣诞来了fatherChristmas、Christmastree、turkey、gifts.五上第二单元mydaysoftheweekP24西方节日mother’sday,father’sday,thanksgivingday生活常识日常标志的认识 三下第六单元atthezooP67出口和入口卫生间标志entrance exit   women’s men’s五下第四单元whatareyoudoing?P54不同国家的紧急求救号码911等六上第六单元thestoryoftherainP78水零度结冰膨胀 六下第一单元Howtallareyou?P9鲸鱼的介绍Spermwhale,killerwhale 六下第三单元lastweekend.P36常见标志nofishing noswimming等称呼介绍四上第六单元meetmyfamily!:79对爸爸和妈妈的多种称呼叫法mom,mommy,mama,dad,daddy,papa.六上第五单元whatdoesshedoP66同一个工作性别不同的称呼actoractress,saleswoman,salesperson,mailman,mailperson.时间四下第二单元whattimeisit?P24各地时差介绍London,Sydney,NewYork,Beijing.服装 四下第三单元isthisyourskirt?P36 cowboyswearjeans.Theshirtlookslikea“T”.Jiakecomesfromjacket.ChinesepeopleareproudofTangDynasty.四下第五单元howmuchisit?P66衣服和鞋子的尺寸大小表示 季节和天气 四下第四单元what’sweatherlike?P54摄氏和华氏 五下第二单元myfavoriteseasonP24北京和悉尼的相反四季  动物 五上第六单元inanatureparkP78熊猫的生活介绍 五下第三单元mybirthdayP36十二生肖Chinesezodiac五下第五单元lookatthemonkeys.P66澳大利亚树袋熊的介绍koalabears交通六上第一单元howdoyougothereP9trafficrulesindifferentcountries.China、USA、England、Australia 其他六上 第三单元whatareyougoingtodo?P36人类书写发展史onbones、onbambooslips、onpaperoncomputers六下 第二单元what’sthematter,Mike?P24颜色和情绪的关系