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Grammar(Module1-Module3)2012-03-03
英语的五种基本句型宾语从句to+v.与v.+-ing作宾语语法点
英语的五种基本句型1.主语+谓语动词(不及物动词)Istudyhard.我努力学习。2.主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语Jimiswritingaletternow.吉姆在写信。
及物动词和不及物动词A有些动词只是及物动词;它们不可以单独用,后面必须跟宾语。Theyalwayswantafterlunch.Theyalwayswantacupofteaafterlunch.Heissendingnow.Heissendingaletternow.
B有些动词只是不及物动词;它们可以单独用,如果后面想接宾语,动词后面必须加上介词。Heislookingaround.Heislookingme.Heislookingatme.Heislisteningcarefully.Heislisteningtheteachercarefully.Heislisteningtotheteachercarefully.
C有些动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词;但是有时候词义会改变。Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceedinpassingtheexam(samemeaning).Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceedJohnasthemanagerofthiscompany(differentmeaning).
3.主语+系动词+表语Jimisagoodstudent.吉姆是一个好学生。注意:常见的系动词有be,look,seem,keep,get,become,turn等。
4.主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)Mymotherboughtmeashirt.我的妈妈给我买了一件衬衫。
5.主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语Theoldmanmadeeveryonelaugh.那位老人把大家都给逗笑了。
Exercises请分析下列划线部分在句子不同成分1.Everyoneneedshomeandfriends.主谓宾2.Sheismybestfriend.主谓定定表3.Pleasepassmeyourbook.谓间宾直宾
4.IbeganschoolwhenIwas7.主谓宾状5.Wefoundaboysittinginthetree.主谓宾宾补
宾语从句定义:在复合句中作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语的句子叫宾语从句一.宾语从句的种类二.宾语从句的语序三.宾语从句的时态
1.由that引导的宾语从句。Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.种类
2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?语序
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Exercises1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdo B.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldo D.whatTomdid2.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whatishisname B.what’shisnameC.thathisnameis D.whathisnameis3.Doyouknow_______Icouldpasstheexam?A.that B.whether C.what D.which
4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingC.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping5.---Couldyoutellme_____sheislookingfor?A.that B.whose C.who D.which6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome答案:CDBBCD
to+v.与v.+-ing作宾语1.后接不定式作宾语的单词多为“打算”、“计划”、“希望”之类的动词,而这类动词都表示未来。常见只跟动词不定式做宾语的动词有:want,hope,wish,plan,decide,agree,need等。Hedecidedtodothehomeworkbyhimself.他决定自己做作业。
2.动词后接动名词时,大都表示动作正在进行或者一般性或经常性的行为。Ienjoyplayingtenniswithmyfriends.
3.还有些动词,后面既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟动词的-ing形式。但意义没有很大的区别,或者有些只是有细微的区别。这类动词常见的有:like,hate,begin,start,love等。IliketowatchTVthisnight.我今晚想看电视。IlikewatchingTVeveryday.我每天都喜欢看电视。
4.有些动词后也可以跟两种形式作宾语,但意思差别很大。常见的有remember,forget,stop,goon,try,need等Remembertoturnoffthelight.要记着关灯。(灯还没有关)Irememberedturningoffthelight.我记得关了灯了。(灯应该已经关过了)
5.感官动词后跟todo时,指看到听到或者注意到某事发生了,跟v-ing时指看到听到或者注意到某事正在发生,此时todo和doing在句中作感官动词的宾语补足语。hearsomeonesingingasongnow.我听见有人正在隔壁唱歌。(听见这个动作正在进行)
总结1)只能doing作宾语的动词enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事finishdoingsth完成某事practicedoingsth练习做某事minddoingsth介意做某事suggestdoingsth建议做某事keepdoingsth坚持/不停做某事跟doing做宾语的词组bebusydoingsth忙于做某事,feellikedoingsth想要做某事,can’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事beworthdoingsth值得做某事
2)即可跟todo也可跟doing的词意义差别不大的有love/liketodo/doing喜欢做某事hatetodo/doing讨厌做某事start/begintodo/doing开始做某事…
意义区别较大的有remembertodosth.记住要做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事了forgettodo和forgetdoing与remember用法相同stoptodo停下来去做某事stopdoing停止正在做的事goondoingsth.继续做同一件事goontodosth.继续做另一件事trytodosth.尽力做某事,trydoingsth.试着做某事needtodosth.(某人)需要做某事needdoingsth.(某事)需要被做
3)绝大部分的动词后都是只跟todo的,常见的有wanttodosth.想要做某事wish/hopetodosth希望做某事plantodosth计划做某事decidetodosth决定做某事agreetodosth同意做某事
Exercises1.IamsorryIforgot_______thebooktoyou.A.tobring B.bringing C.bring D.brought2.Theartistsaidthathehoped_________drawingthepicturesoon.A.hissontofinish B.tofinishC.finishing D.hissonwillfinish3.Listen!Canyouhearababy_________?A.cry B.tocry C.crying D.cries
4.Wouldyoumind________mehow________Englishwords?A.tell,toremember B.telling,rememberC.telling,toremember D.tell,remember5.Ihavefinished________thisbook.Youcantakeitaway.A.toread B.read C.reading D.reads6.Nomatterhowharditis,we’llkeep_______untilwemakeit.A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying答案:ABCCCD