英语语法专题 定语从句 6页

语法专题定语从句Part1.定语从句的定义及其关系代词的使用Step1.分析下列句型：1.Ican’tremembereverything(that)happenedduringthetimeinuniversity.2.Thefilmisaboutaspy(whose)wifebetrayshim.3.BarbarywasworkinginBeijing,(where)shewentdailyinabus.4.Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,(which)wasnottrue.5.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof(which)usesitsomewhatdifferently.总结：在复合句中，用来修饰____________和____________的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰词叫____________,用来引导定语从句的关联词叫_____________。定语从句分为____________和_____________。(思考：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别是什么？)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Step2.关系代词的用法总结：关系代词：关系代词先行词（指人或物）在从句中充当什么成分例句分析who指人作主语Theboywhoisstandingthereismycousin.whomTheman(whom)youmetyesterdayisMr.Smith.Theboy(whom)youarelookingforishiddenbehindthetree.whose=()whom=()Doyouknowtheboywhosefatherisanengineer?Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.thatIdon’tknowabouttheman(that)youmentioned.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.whichThepen(which)myunclegavemeismissing.Childrenliketoreadbookswhichhavewonderfulpictures.asWehavefoundsuchmaterialsasare6 usedintheirfactory.Heisnotthesamemanashewas.Asweallhadexpected,Liuxiangwonthegoldmedalinthecompetition.注意：关系代词as和which引导的定语从句1)As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。Hemarriedher,whichwasnatural.Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.2）as可以引导非限制性定语从句，既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，位置较为灵活，意为“正如…”，后面的谓语动词一般是：see,know,expect,say,mention,report,announce等。但是，which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句之后，意为“这一点”。（1）________isknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.（2）Heisfromthesouth,______wecanseefromhisaccent.（3）John,________youknow,isafamouswriter.Johnisafamouswriter,________youknow.（4）HehasbeentoParisseveraltimes,________Idon’tbelieve.3)当先行词受such,thesame,so修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchafunnystoryashetells.=Ihaveneverheardsofunnyastoryashetells.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.【注意1】当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.6 【注意2】定语从句such…as…与结果状语从句such…that…的区别：HehassuchagoodlaptopasIwanttobuy.HehassuchagoodlaptopthatIwanttobuyone.She issolovelyagirl___________welike. She issolovelyagirl___________welikeher.Step3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句分析下列例句:Themantowhomheistalkingismyfather.ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.注意：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用________（指物）和_________（指人）。即：介词+_____________/_______________.思考下列两个句子的变化：Themanwhom/thatheistalkingtoismyfather.Thisisthepenwhich/thatIwrotetheletterwith.总结：当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用______/_______（指物），用_________/__________/__________（指人）作介词的宾语，而且做介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。注意：在固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词位于关系代词之前。判断正误：ThisisthepenforwhichI’mlooking.()ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.()(思考：关系代词充当什么成分时可以省略？)Part2.关系副词的使用及其与关系代词的转化关系副词：关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分例句分析when=()Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIjoinedtheParty.where=()Thefactorywhere/inwhichmyfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.why=()Noneofusknowthereasonwhy/forwhichTomwasabsentfromthemeeting.注意：先行词为时间、地点时，引导词不一定都要用when或where引导，要判断6 它在定语从句中的句子成分。如果引导词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用which或that。请分析下列句子中应该使用的引导词：1.Thisisthefactory_________wevisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthefactory_________weworkedlastyear.3.Thissummer_______IspentinItalyissohot.4.Isthistheshop________sellschildren"sclothing?5.Thisisoneofthelargestrooms________I"veeversleptin.Part3.拓展Step1.1.在什么情况下只能用that引导定语从句；1）当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的事情都做了。YoucanfindanyinformationthatyouneedontheInternet.2）当先行词被序数词修饰。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：IthinkthefilmAssembly《集结号》isthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.4）当形容词被theveryright,theonly,justthe修饰时。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.5）当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6）当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时。如：Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?7)关系代词在句中作表语时，Heisn’tthepersonthatheusedtobe.8)主句为therebe句型时，There’sapenthatbelongstoTomonthedesk.2.如何区分thesame……as和thesame……that；ThisisthesamebookthatIlost._______________________________________（指同一本书）6 ThisisthesamebookasIlost._______________________________（并不是原来的那一本书）1.以theway为先行词的定语从句Theway（inwhich/that/省略)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.Step2.that在定语从句与同位语从句的区别：NewsthatWanglinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversitycamefromtheschooloffice.(同位语从句)ThenewsthattheTVreportedyesterdayexcitedthewholenation.（定语从句）注意：that在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，只起引导从句的作用；that在定语从句中要充当一定的成分，一般充当主语、宾语或表语。所以区别两者的关键在于从句中是否缺少成分。判断下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句：Thefactthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyearshasworriedmanyscientists.()ThefactthatwelearnedfromtheNewsCenterwasreallydisappointing.()Step3.定语从句综合练习：一、用适当的关系词填空：1.Istillrememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.2.WearelearningEnglish,alanguage_____isusedinmanyplacesintheworld.3.Iwillneverforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.4.Tellmethereason______theAmericanladyleft.5.Doyoustillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?6.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wefoundthelostchild?7.Thehouse_____standsonthetopofthehillwasbuiltlastmonth.8.Heistheonlyperson______sawtheaccidentyesterday.9.Whoisthestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?10.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.11.Themanagerwalkedtowardthegate_____theworkersarewaiting.12.Autumnisthetimeofayear______farmersgetintheircrops.13.Allenisthegirl________Ithinkwillsucceedinthetest.14.Thosearetheshoes__________Ilostlastweek.15.Herparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.二、请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。1.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.3.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.4.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.5.Thesungivesofflightandwarmth,thatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.6.I’vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.7.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveever6 seen.8.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyremembered.9.Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest.10.Hisdog,thatwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.11.Thereasonwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolisthathewasill.12.Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands.13.Theboy,hismotherdiedlastyear,studiesveryhard.14.Ihavetwosisters,bothofthemaredoctors.15.We’regoingtovisittheschoolwhereyourbrotherworksthere.16.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeeninvitedtotheEnglishEvening.17.Thatisthewaywhichtheywork.18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.19.Whoisthemanwhohaswhitehair.20.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhichwehadagoodtimetogetheratthesea.三、单选题1)Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_______wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereB.whenC.thatD.what2）Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填3）Lookout!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.what4）—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasonthefarm_________weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where5)Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces______wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what6)Anyway,thatevening,______Iwilltellyouaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace. A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which7)Isthisthereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained6