人教版八年级下册各单元英语语法解析知识重点总结 37页

新目标英语八年级(下)重点短语及句型总 Unit1 Willpeoplehaverobots?                             1.fewerpeople更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）                             2.lessfreetime更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）                             3.intenyears10年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用Howsoon）                             4.fallinlovewith…爱上……                             例：WhenImetMr.Xuforthefirsttime,Ifellin                             lovewithhimatonce.                                 当我第一次见到许老师，我立刻爱上他。                             5.livealone单独居住                             6.feellonely感到孤独（比较：livealone/goalone等）                                Thegirlwalkedalonealongthestreet,butshe                             didn"tfeellonely.                                那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独。                             7.keep/feedapetpig养一头宠物猪                             8.flytothemoon飞上月球                             9.hundredsof+复数数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousandsof;                             millionsof）                             10.thesameas和……相同                             11.A bedifferentfromB A与B不同                                 (=Thereisadifference/Thgereare                             differencesbetweenAandB)                             12.wakeup醒来(wakesb.up表示“唤醒某人”)                             13.getbored变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词，后跟形容词如tired/                             angry/excited等）                             14.goskating去滑冰（类似还有gohiking/fishing/                             skating/bikeriding等）                             15.lotsof/alotof许多（修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以）                             16.attheweekends在周末                             17.studyathomeoncomputers在家通过电脑学习                             18.agreewithsb.同意某人(的意见)                             19.Idon"tagree.=Idisagree.我不同意。                             20.onapieceofpaper在一张纸上                                 （注意paper/information/news/work/homework/                             housework等常考到的不可数名词）                             21.onvacation度假                             22.helpsbwithsth/helpsbdosth. 帮助某人做某事                             23.manydifferentkindsofgoldfish许多不同种金鱼                             24.liveinanapartment住在公寓里；liveonthetwelfth                             floor住在12楼                             25.liveatNO.332,ShanghaiStreet住在上海路332号                             26.asareporter作为一名记者                             27.looksmart显得精神/看起来聪明                             28.Areyoukidding?你在骗我吗？                             29.inthefuture在将来/在未来                             30.nomore=not…anymore不再（强调多次发生的动作不再发生）                             31.nolonger=not…anylonger不再（强调状态不再发生）                             32.besides（除……之外还，包括）与except=but（除……之外，不包括）                             33.beableto与can能；会                                 （beableto用于各种时态，而can                             只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；haveto用于各种时态，而must                             只能用于一般现在时态）例如：                                ①Ihavebeenableto/willbeabletospeak                             twolanguages.（不可以用can）                                ②hadtostayathome/willhaveto（不可以用must）                             34.bebigandcrowded大而且拥挤                             34.beincollege在上大学                             35.liveonaspacestation住在空间站                             36.dresscasually穿得很随意；casualclothing休闲服饰                             37.winthenextWorldCup赢得世界杯；winaward获奖                             38.cometrue变成现实                             39.takehundredsofyears花几百年的时间                             40.befuntowatch看起来有趣                             41.overandoveragain一次又一次                             42.beindifferentshapes形状不同                             43.twentyyearsfromnow今后20年                             本单元目标句型：                             1.Whatdoyouthinklifewillbelikein1000                             years?                             2.Therewillbefewertrees、morebuildingsand                             lesspollutioninthefuture.                                fewer；less表示否定之意，分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词；more 二者都可以修饰。                             3.Willkidsgotoschool?No,theywon"t/Yes,                             theywill。                             4.Predictingthefuturecanbedifficult.                             5.Ineedtolooksmartformyjobinterview.                             6.Iwillbeabletodressmorecasually.                             7.IthinkI"llgotoHongKongonvacation,and                             onedayImightevenvisitAustralia.                             8.Whatwillteenagersdoforfuntwentyyears                             fromnow?                             9.Thatmaynotseempossiblenow,butcomputers,                             spacerocketsandevenelectric                                toothbrushesseemedimpossibleahundredyears                             ago.                             本单元语法讲解：一般将来时                             1.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：                             ①含tomorrow;next短语；②in+段时间；③howsoon；                             ④by+将来时间；⑤bythetimesb.do…；⑥祈使句句型中：or/                             andsb.willdo；                             ⑦在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时；⑧anotherday                                比较begoingto与will:                                begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些。                             如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight. Hewill                             writeabookoneday.                             2.begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will                             表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。                                Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie. He                             willbetwentyyearsold.                             3.begoingto含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：                                Sheisgoingtolendusherbook. Hewillbe                             hereinhalfanhour.                             4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will。如：                                Ifanybeastscomesatyou,I"llstaywithyou andhelpyou.                                掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分begoingto与will了。                                 一般将来时常见的标志词                               ①含tomorrow;next短语；②in+段时间；                               ③howsoon；④by+将来时间；                             5.祈使句句型中：or/andsb.willdo                             例：Bequick,oryouwillbelate=Ifyoudon"tbequick,youwillbelate                             6.在时间/条件状语从句中，如果从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时  Unit2 WhatshouldIdo?                             1.tooloud太大声                             2.outofstyle过时的                             3.instyle流行的                             4.callsb.up=ringsb.up=call/ring/phone                             sb.给……打电话                             5.enoughmoney足够的钱(enough修饰名词时不必后置)                             6.busyenough够忙(enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置)                             7.aticketto/foraballgame一张球赛的门票                             注意：thekeytothelock/thekey(answer)tothe                             question)/thesolutiontotheproblem.                                 此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格                             8.talkabout谈论                             9.onthephone用电话                             10.payfor付款                             11.spend…on+sth.=spend…(in)doingsth.在……花钱                             12.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人做某事花……的时间                             13.borrow …from从……借(借进来)                             14.lend…to把……借给(借出去)                             15.Youcankeepthebookforaweek你可以借这本书一周。（不用 borrow或lend）                             16.buysth.forsb.为……买东西                             17.tellsb.todo/nottodosth.告诉某人做某事                             18.wantsb.todosth.=wouldlikesb.todo想某人做某事                             19.findout发现；查清楚；弄明白                             20.playone"sstereo放录象                             21.failthetest=notpassthetest考试不及格                             22.failin(doing)sth.… 在……上失败,变弱                             23.succeedin(doing)sth.在……方面成功                             24.writesbaletter/writetosb.给某人写信                             25.surprisesb.使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/                             please/amaze+ 某人）                             26.toone"ssurprise使某人吃惊的是……                             27.toone"sjoy 使某人高兴的是……                             28.lookforapart-timejob找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）                             29.get/findapart-timejob找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）                             30.asksb.for…寻求/向某人要某物                             31.haveabakesale卖烧烤                             32.arguewithsb=haveanargumentwithsb.与某人争吵                             33.haveafightwithsb.=fightwith与某人打架                             34.dropoff离去；散去；逐渐减少;死去                             35.preparefor…=getreadyfor…为……做准备                             36.after-schoolclubs(activities)课外俱乐部（活动）                                 be/getusedtodoing习惯做某事                                 usedtodo过去经常/常常做某事                                 beusedfordoing=beusedtodosth.被用于做某事                             37.fill…up填补；装满……；befullof装满                             38.returnsth.tosb.=givesth.backtosb.把某物归还给某人                             39.geton/alongwellwith与…相处很好                             40.allkindsof各种各样                             41.asmuchaspossible=asmuchasyoucan尽可能多                             42.takepartin=joinin参加（某种活动/集会）                             43.abit=alittle一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）                             44.abitof=alittle一点儿/一些（当修饰不可数名词时）                             45.beangrywith…生……的气                             46.byoneself=onone"sown某人自己/独自地                             47.ontheonehand一方面                             48.ontheotherhand另一方面                             49.Ifind/feel/thinkitdifficulttodo…                             我发现/感到/认为做某事很难。                             50.see/hear/watchsb.doingsth.看到/听见/注视某人正在做……                             51.not…until直到……才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）                             52.表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法:                                 be/become+upset/tired/excited/                             interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed                             说明：当主语是某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed                             结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing结尾单词.）                             例如:Iwassurprised/interested/amazedwhenI                              heardthesurprising/interesting/amazingnews.                             53.radioadviceprogram电台提建议的节目                             54.beoriginal新颖的                             55.leavesomethingsomewhere把某物忘在某处                             56.sportsclothes运动服                             57.thesameageas=asoldas和……年龄一样                             58.thetiredchildren 疲惫不堪的孩子                             59.complainabout(doingsth.)  抱怨……                             60.taketheirchildrenfromactivitytoactivity  带着孩子参加一个接一个的活动                             61.trytodosth. 尽量干某事；trydoingsth.试着干某事                             62.beundertoomuchpressure压力太大                             63.amotherofthree三个孩子的妈妈                             64.takepartinafter-schoolclubs参加课后俱乐部                             65.compepitionstartsfromaveryyoungage竞争从很小年纪就开始了                             66.compare…with 和……比较                             67.organizedactivities 有组织的活动                             本单元目标句型：                             1.What"swrong(withyou)?/What"sthematter?                             2.WhatshouldIdo?我该怎么办？                             3.Youcouldwritehimaletter.你可以给他写封信。                                Youshouldsaysorrytohim.你应该给他道歉。                             4.Theyshouldn"targue.他们不应该争吵。                             5.Whydon"tyoutalktohimaboutit?                              =Whynottalktohimaboutit?=Youshould/                             couldtalktohimaboutit.                              =What/Howabouttalkingtohimaboutit.=                             You"dbettertalktohimaboutit.                             6.Theparentstrytofitasmuchaspossibleinto                             theirkidslives.                             7.Activitiesincludesports,languagelearning,                             musicandmathclasses.                                Thirtypeople,includingsixchildren(six                             childrenincluded),wenttovisitthefactory.                             8.Peopleshouldn"tpushtheirchildrensohard.                               9.Parentsaretryingtoplantheirkids"lives                             forthem.Whenthesekidsare adults,                                theymightfindtdifficulttoplanthingsfor                             themselves.                             Unit3 WhatwereyoudoingwhentheUFOarrived?                             1.infrontof 在……的前面（外部），inthefrontof                             在……的前面（内部）                             2.inthelibrary在图书馆                             3.getoutof/getinto出……之外/进入                             4.sleeplate睡懒觉；sleepwell睡得好；gettosleep=                             fallasleep睡着                             5.walkdown/along沿……走                             6.takeoff(飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）                             7.onSundayevening在星期日晚上                             注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）                             8.inthetree在树上；onthetree在树上                             9.takephotos照相                             10.atthetrainstation在火车站                             11.runaway跑开，逃跑                             12.as+adj.原形as 和……一样……                             例如：Sheis(not)asbeautifulashersister. Ican                             runasfastashe(him)                             13.buy/draw/makesth.forsb.为某人买/画/制作                             14.walkhome走回家                             15.inhistory在历史上                             16.forexample例如                             17.inthecityof在……市                             18.ontheplayground在操场上                             19.tenminutesago十分钟前                             20.takeplace发生（强调必然性）                             21.happentosth./sb.发生（强调偶然性）                             例如：Whathashappenedtoyou?=What"sthematter                             withyou?=What"swrongwithyou?                             22.ofcourse=sure=certainly当然                             23.allovertheworld=aroundtheworld遍及全世界                             24.outside/insidethestation在车站外/内                             25.nextto相邻，紧贴                             26.closeto 接近于；在附近                             27.beillinhospital/bed生病住院/卧床                             28.hearabout/of听说（间接听到）                             29.insilence沉默不语；keepsilent保持沉默                             30.anunusualexperience一次不寻常的经历                             31.havefundoingsth.干某事有乐趣；havedifficulttime                             doingsth.干某事有困难                             32.havemeaningto对……有意义                               33.becomethefirstChineseastronautinspace成为中国第一个太空宇航员                             34.anationalhero一个民族英雄                             35.befamousallovertheworld全世界出名                               36.forthefirsttime第一次                             本单元目标句型:                                WhatwereyoudoingwhenIarrived/atthat                             time/at8:00lastnight/from9:00                                to10:00yesterday?                             1.Iwasdoingsth.when+一般过去时的时间状语从句……                             2.Howabout…=Whatabout…?                             3.Whilesth./sb.wasdoingsth.,Iwasdoing                             sth.….                             4.当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？Whatwereyoudoingwhenthe                             UFOlanded?                             5.当妈妈正在做饭时，我在看电视。Whilemymotherwascooking,IwaswatchingTV.                             6.IwaswalkingdownthestreetwhenaUFOlanded                             rightinfrontofme.                             7.Youcanimagehowstrangeitwas.                               8.Ifollowedtoseewhereitwasgoing.                             9.Isn"tthatamazing!                              10.Shedidn"tthinkingaboutlookingoutsidethestation.                             11.Iwassotiredthismorning.Itwasdifficult togetoutofthebed.                             12.LiuXiangwonthegoldmedalatthe2004                             Olympics.                             13.Beijngwasmadehosttothe2008Olympics.                             14.Peopleoftenrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheyheardthenewsofimportanteventsinhistory.                             15.ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmerican history.                             16.Eventhemosteverydayactivitiescanseem  important.                             17.Ourteacheraskedustostopwhatweweredoingandlisten.                             18.However,inmorerecenttimes,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheWorldTradeCenter inNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterrorists.                             19.Notalleventsinhistoryareasterribleasthis,ofcourse.                             20.HisflightaroundtheEarthlastedabout22hours.                             本单元语法讲解                             过去进行时（PastProgressiveTense）                             句型S+was/were+V-ing…                             例1：Shewasdoingherhomeworkat8:30yesterday                             evening 昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。                             例2：Wewerehavingsupperatthattime那个时候我们正在吃晚饭                             解说：如例1所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚，否则就不合逻辑了。例如：I                             wastakingabathyesterday.（错）                             （昨天我正在洗澡——昨天24小时都正在洗澡吗？）                                 所以本句应该如例1来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：                                 Itookabathyesterday.昨天我洗了澡                             如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“动作正在进行中的时间”，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：                             A：Icalledyouupyesterdayevening.                             B：Didyou?Atwhattime?                             A：Ataroundteno"clock.大约在十点钟。                             B：Oh,Iwastakingabaththen.哦，当时我正在洗澡。过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：                             过去有二动作A和B（如图示），在B动作发生时稍早发生的A动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句                             +副词从句）。例如：                                 WhenIgotupthismorning,Motherwas                             preparingbreakfastinthekitchen.                                 (今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother….”是主句，“when                             …，”是副词从句。)                                 常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at+ 过去的时刻），then(=                             atthattime)(那时，当时)，all+时间，“When…/While…/                             As…”等副词从句，etc                             Unit4 HesaidIwashard-working.                             1.everySaturday每周六                             2.firstofall首先                             3.both…and…两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）                             4.neither….nor两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）                             5.mostof…绝大多数                             6.anexcitingweek令人兴奋的一周                             7.agreeonsomething同意某人的计划；对……取得一致意见                             8.agreetodosth.答应/同意做……                             9.passon(to)传递                             10.besupposedtodosth.被期望或被要求做……                             11.bemadat…对……疯狂/生气                             12.dobetterin=bebetterat在……方面做得更好                             13.beingoodhealth身体健康                             14.reportcard成绩单                             15.sound/feel/smell/taste/look是连系动词，一般只能跟 adj.做表语                             16.soundlike/feellike/smelllike/tastelike/                           looklike听起来像……/感觉像……/闻起来像……/尝起来像……/看起来像……+sb.sth.                             17.get…over克服；恢复；原谅                             18.openup打开/展开/开发/揭露                             19.carefor照料；照顾；意愿；计较                             20.havea(surprise)partyforsb.为某人举行一次（惊喜)聚会                             21.end-of-yearexam=finalexam期末考试                             22.not…anymore不再                             23.doahomeproject做作业                             24.besurprised/happy/excitedtodosth.做某事感到惊讶、高兴、激动                             25.be/getnervous感到紧张                             26.haveaveryhardtimewith…在……日子不好过                             27.andisappointingresult令人失望的结果                             28.take/leaveamessage 捎（留）个口信                             29.haveabigfight                             30.itisagoodideaforsb.todo sth.                             31.toteachinChina"sruralareas                             32.feellucky                             33.peoplewhoneedhelp需要帮助的人                             34.somethingwecandoforthem 我们能为他们做的事                             35.thereisnodifferencebetween…and…在……和……之间没有区别                             36.Groupsandtheworktheydo                                 Groups Theworktheydo                                 Greenpeace Caresfor“MotherEarth”                                 DoctorsWithoutBorders Helpssickpeoplein                             poorcountries                                 UNICEF Helpschildreninpoorcountries                                 WWF Caresforwildanimalsindanger                             37.theHopeProject希望工程                             38.fortunately                             本单元目标句型：                             转述他人话语:Whatdidsb.say?HesaidI….Shesaid                             she….Theysaid….                             1.许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr.XutoldmethatXuMengdie                             couldspeakthreelanguages.                             2.许老师说地球绕着太阳转。Mr.Xusaid(that)theearthturnsaroundthesun.                             3.许老师告诉我他将去北京。ShetoldmehewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.                             4.许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr.XusaidOuYangwasdoinghishomeworkatthattime.                      5.许老师说王硕研勤奋。Mr.XusaidWangShuoyanwashard-working.                             6.在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。InEnglish,I"mbetteratreadingthanlistening.                             7.情况怎样？How"sitgoing?                             8.她不想再当我最好的朋友了。Shedidn"twanttobemybest friendanymore.                             9.Isaiditwouldstartabadhabit,andthatshewoulddoherownwork.                             10.That"saboutallthenewsIhavenow.MumandDadsendtheir love.                             11.Shesaidhelpingotherschangedherlife.                             12.Teachinghighschoolstudentsinapoor                             mountainvillageinGansuProvincemaynotlikefuntoyou.                             13.ThePekingUniversitygraduatefirstwentthereasanvolunteeronaone-yearprogram.                             14.LifeinthemountainswasanewexperienceforLangLei.Hervillagewas2,000metere abovethesealevel,andatfirstthethinairmadeherfeelsick.                             15.Youngpeopletodayneedtoexperiencedifferentthings                             16.Someofthestudentsmaynotbeabletogoto seniorhighschoolorcollage.                             17.Icanopenupmystudents"eyestotheoutsideworldandgivethemagoodstartinlife.                             18.Shesaidshelikesbeingagoodinfluenceinthechildren"slives.                             19.ShenowworksasamathteacheratahighschoolinthecityofPingliang,GansuProvince.                             20.YouareatB"shouseworkingonahomeworkproject.                             21.Youweresupposedtomeetatthebusstopthismorningtoreturnit,butAdidn"t                                 cometothebusstop.                             22.AcallsyouwithamessageforC.Passonmessage,andthengiveC"sanswertoA.                             23.Whataresomethingsthathappenonsoap                             operas?                             本单元语法讲解                                 直接引语和间接引语                                                              （一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。                             1.时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked                             等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变。                             一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如：                                 Tomsaidtome,“Mybrotherisdoinghis                             homework.”                             　→Tomsaidtomethathisbrotherwasdoinghis                              homework.                             2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。如：                             　SheaskedJack,“Wherehaveyoubeen?”→Sheasked                             Jackwherehehadbeen.                             　Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthat                             thosebookswerehis.                                                              （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。                             1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。                                 “Iwanttheblueone.”hetoldus.“我想要兰色的。”他说。                             　→Hetoldusthathewantedtheblueone.他说他想要兰色的。                                 Shesaidtome,“Youcan"tdoanything                             now.”她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。”                               →ShetoldmethatIcouldn"tdoanythingthen.                             她对我说那时我无法做任何事。                             2.疑问句的间接引语                             　　直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用                             ask,wonder,wanttoknow等间接疑问句一般有三种：                             (1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或if 引导。如：                                 “HasheeverworkedinShanghai?”Jim                             asked.“他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。                             　→Jimaskedwhether/ifhehadeverworkedin                             Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。                                 “Canyoutellmethewaytothehospital?”The                             oldmanasked.                                 那个老人问："你能告诉我去医院的路吗？                             　→TheoldmanaskedwhetherIcouldtellhimthe                             waytothehospital.                                 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。                             (2)特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：                                 “Whichroomdoyoulivein?”Heasked.                             “你住哪个房间？”他问我。                             　→HeaskedmewhichroomIlivedin.他问我住哪个房间。                                 “Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”Sheasked.                             她问：“你怎么看这部电影？”                             　→Sheaskedherfriendwhatshethoughtofthe                             film.她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。                             (3)选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if…or引导。如：                                 “IsityourbikeorTom"s?”Mumasked.                             妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？”                               →Mumaskedwhether/ifitwasmybikeorTom"s.                             妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。                                 “Doesyoursisterlikebluedressesorgreen                             ones?”Kateasked.                                “你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。                             　→Kateaskedwhether/ifmysisterlikedblue                             dressesorgreenones.                                 凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。                             3.祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,                             order,beg,request,order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如：                             　　Jacksaid,“Pleasecometomyhousetomorrow,                             Mary.”杰克说：“玛丽，明天请到我家来。”                             　→JackaskedMarytogotohishousethenextday.                             杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。                             　　Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Stop                             talking.”老师对学生们说：“不要讲话了。”                             　→Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking.                             老师让学生们不要说话了。                             　　“Don"ttouchanything.”Hesaid.“不要碰任何东西。”他说。                             　→Hetoldusnottotouchanything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。                             4.动词时态和代词等的变动                                 (1)某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：                                直接引语　　间接引语                             today—thatday                             now—then,atthatmoment                             yesterday—thedaybefore                             thedaybeforeyesterday—twodaysbefore                             tomorrow—thenextday/thefollowingday                             thedayaftertomorrow—twodaysafter,/intwo                             days                             nextweek/monthetc.—thenextweek/monthetc                             lastweek/monthetc.—theweek/monthetc.before                             here—there                             this—that                             these—those                             come—go                             bring—take                             (2)                             如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：                             现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的，那么时态仍然用一般现在时。                                 一般现在时  →一般过去时                                 现在进行时  →过去进行时                                 一般将来时  →过去将来时                                 现在完成时  →过去完成时                             Unit5 Ifyougototheparty,you"llhavea                             greattime!                             1.attheparty在晚会上                             2.asksb.todosth.请某人做某事                             3.stayathome 呆在家                             4.halftheclass/students一半学生                             5.getinjured受伤                             6.haveagreattime=haveawonderful/goodtime                             玩得高兴                             7.take…away运走，取走；putaway收起来，放好                             8.allthetime=always一直，始终                             9.makealiving(bydoingsth.) 谋生                             10.inordertodosth.…为了做某事                             11.haveaparty举行聚会                             12.gotocollege上大学                             13.befamousfor…因……而著称；befamousas…作为……而出名                             14.makemoney=earnmoney挣钱                             15.infact事实上                             16.laughat…嘲笑                             17.toomuch太多(修饰不可数名词)toomany太多(修饰可数名词复数)                                 muchtoo+形容词/副词太……                             18.getexercise锻炼。注意：exercise                             当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”“练习”是可数名词                             19.travelaroundtheworld周游世界                             20.workhard努力工作                             21.wearjeans穿牛仔裤                             22.let…in允许……进入，嵌入 keep…out 不允许……进入                             23.getaneducation获得教育                             24.take…away拿开，拿走                             25.studyforthetest准备考试                             26.makesomefood准备食物；makedumplings做水饺；make                             thebed整理床铺                             27.halftheclass一半的学生                             28.therulesforschoolparties学校派对的规则                             29.children"shospital儿童医院                             30.jointheLions加入狮队                             31.givemoneytoschoolsandcharities给学校和慈善组织捐钱                                                                      32.becomeaprofessionalsoccerplayer                             成为一个职业的足球运动员                             33.organizethegamesfortheclassparty                             为班级派对准备游戏                             34.playsportsforaliving靠体育运动为生                             本单元目标句型：                             1.Ifyoudo,you"ll…. 2.I"mgoingto….   3.                             Youshould….                             4.Don"tyouwantto…? 5.Don"tyouthink…?                             ①如果李老师去参加晚会，我们将会玩得非常高兴。                                IfMsLigoestotheparty,we"llhaveagreat                              time.                             ②如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，李老师将不会让你进入。                                Ifyouwearjeanstotheparty,MsLiwon"tlet                             youin.                             6.Formanyyoungpeople,becomingaprofessional                             athletemightseemlikeadreamjob.                             7.Ifyoubecomeaprofessionalathlete,youwill                             beabletomakealivingdoingsomethingyoulove.                             8.However,professionalathletescanalsohave                             manyproblems.                             9.Ifyouarefamous,peoplewillwatchyouall                             thetimeandfollowyoueverywhere.                                Thiscanmakelifedifficult.                             10.Ifyoubecomerich,youwillhaveadifficult                             timeknowingwhoyourrealfriendsare.                             11.Infact,manyfamouspeoplecomplainthatthey                             arenothappy.                             本单元语法讲解                                 if引导的条件状语从句。If是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语                             从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“如果……的话”，用法如下：                             1.表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。句子结构如下：                                If+句子(一般现在时)，+主句（主语will/may/can)+动词）                                a.Ifyoufinishyourhomework,youcangoout                             and play.                                b.IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,Iwillgo                             totravel.                             2.表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义、民间谚语等，句型是：                                If+句子(一般现在时)，+主句(一般现在时).例：                                Ifyoustudyhard,youaresuretosucceed.                                                                      Ifyouputiceinawarmplace,itturnsinto                             water.                                Ifaglassfallsonthefloor,itusually                             breaks.                                Ifyoucookabanana,itbecomesvery soft.                                Ifaplantdon"tgetenoughlight,itgrows                             verytallandthin.                             Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?                             1.raisemoneyfor筹钱                             2.collectstamps集邮                             3.runoutof…用尽                             4.bytheway顺便说一下                             5.onthewayto… 在……的路上                             6.beinterestedin对……感兴趣                             7.morethan=over超过                             8.flykites放风筝                             9.startclass开始上课                             10.startasnowglobecollector"sclub开办雪球仪收集者俱乐部                             11.themostcommon(unusual,interesting)hobby                             最普通的爱好                             12.listentomusicvideos听音乐碟片                             13.organizeatalentshowtoraisemoneyfor                             charity为慈善机构捐钱而举办的才艺展示                             14.extraEnglishlessons额外的英语课                             15.haveproblemswiththelanguage语言方面有问题                             16.thecapitalofHeilongjiangProvince黑龙江的省会                             17.aninterestingcitywithacolorfulhistory                             一个有着丰富多彩历史文化的有趣的城市                             18.threeandahalfyears=threeyearsanda                             half三年半                             19.apairofskates/shoes/glasses/trousers/                             jeans                                 一双滑冰鞋/一双鞋/一副眼镜/一条裤子/牛仔裤                                 Howmuchisapairofskates/shoes/glasses/                             trousers/jeans?                               =Howmuchdoesa(this)pairofskates/shoes/                             glasses/trousers/jeanscost?                                 Howmucharetheskates/shoes/glasses/                             trousers/jeans?                               =Howmuchdotheskates/shoes/glasses/                             trousers/jeans cost?                              本单元目标句型：                             1.Howlonghaveyoubeenskating?你滑冰有多长时间了？                             2.I"vebeenskatingsincenineo"clock/sinceI                             wasfouryearsold.                                我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。                             3.I"vebeenskatingforfivehours.我一直滑了五小时。                             4.ThemoreIlearnaboutChinesehistory,the                             moreIenjoylivinginChina.                                我对中国的历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。                             5.Wasthisyourfirstskatingmarathon? No,I                             skatedinamarathonlastyear.                             6.Whendidyougetyourfirstpairofskates?                             7.Alisonwasthefirstonetostartandhasbeen                             skatingforthewholefivehours.                                Alison是第一个开始并且已经滑了整整5个小时。                             8.I"mtalkingtoyoufromtheHilltopSchool                             SkatingMarathon.                             9.Foreveryhourtheyskate,eachstudentraises                             tenyuanforcharity.                                每滑一个小时，每位学生可为慈善事业筹集10元钱。                             10.Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthe                             monster.                                 InfactIthinkit"sprobablymyfavorite.                                 谢谢你送我的怪物雪球仪。事实上，我想它可能是我的最爱。                             11.MymomsaysIhavetostop,becausewe"verun                             outofroomtostorethem.                                 妈妈说我必须停止了，因为我们已经没有地方来存放他们了。                             12.ThefirstoneIevergotwasabirthdaycake                             snowglobeonmytwelfthbirthday.                                 我得到的第一个雪球仪是我十二岁生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球仪。                             13.Iparticularlyloveglobeswithanimals.If                             youknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,                                 pleasetellme.                                 我特别喜欢动物雪球仪。如果你知道其他人收集他们的话，请告诉我们。                             14.Bytheway,what"syourhobby?                             15.I"minterestedinthejobasa writer.                             16.Theschoolnewspaperneedsawriter.Wewill                             giveyoudifferenttopicstochoosefrom.                                 Togetthejob,pleaseanswerthesefour                             questions.                                 校报需要一个撰稿人。我们会给你一些不同的话题来选择。要得到这份工作，请回答这样四个问题。                             17.HowmanyChinesedynastiescanyouthinkof?                             你能想起多少中国朝代？                             18.Canyouthinkoffamouscharactersfromthe                             historyofothercountries?Makealist.                                 从其他国家历史中，你能记起一些著名人物吗？列个表。                             19.Infact,thefirstJewsprobablycameto                             Kaifengmorethanathousandyearsagoand                                 werewelcomedbytheSongEmperor.                                 事实上，第一批犹太人可能在一千多年前就来到开封而且受到宋朝皇帝的欢迎。                             20.ThereissomeEuropeaninfluenceinthecity,                             andsomeoftheoldbuildingsinHarbin                                 areinRussianstyle.                                 这个城市有欧洲文化的影响，而且哈尔滨的一些老建筑还是俄罗斯风格的。                             21.Foraforeignerlikeme,themoreIlearn                             aboutChineseculture,themoreIenjoy                                 livinginChina.                                 对于一个像我一样的外国人来说，我对中国文化了解越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。                             22.AndalthoughIlivequitefarfromBeijing,                             I"mcertainIwillbeherefortheOlympic                                 Gamesin2008.                                 尽管我住得离北京很远，但我相信2008年奥运会我一定在这儿。                             本单元语法讲解                                现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。                                现在完成进行式结构：have/has+been+doing                             1.Ihavebeenwritingthelettersince                              then.从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续）                             2.Ihavebeencollectingstampsfortenyears.                             自从10年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。                             3.Howlonghaveyoubeenlivinghere?                             你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（“居住”动作从过去一直现在还在继续）                                现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：                             1.现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性；                             2.如果没有时间强调，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，现在完成时则表示动作已经结束，                             3.现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可。                             Unit7 Wouldyoumindturningdownthemusic?                             1.turn…down/turn…up关小声/调大声音（电器）                             2.turn…on/turn…off打开/关闭（电器）                             3.movethebike移动自行车                             4.inaminute/rightaway/innotime   立刻；马上                             5.belateforschool/class=arrivelatefor                             school上学/上课迟到                             6.waitinline=standinline排队等候                             7.cutinline=jumpaqueue插队                             8.getmad/annoyed变得生气                             9.happentosb.发生在……身上                             10.halfanhour半小时                             11.atfirst首先                             12.atlast=intheend=finally最后                             13.allowsb.todo/nottodosth.允许某人做/不做某事                             14.beallowedtodo/nottodosth.                             某人不被允许某人做/不做某事                             15.inpublic当众地；公开地；公然地                             16.inpublicplaces在公共场所                             17.breaktherule不遵守规则                             18.pick…up捡起                             19.put…out熄灭                             20.droplitter扔垃圾                             21.keepthevoicedown控制声音                             22.dothedishes                             23.putonanotherpairofjeans                             24.beatameeting                             25.helpmeinthe kitchen                             26.makesomeposters                             27.clothingstore                             28.follow…around                             29.wanttobepolite                             30.standinthesubwaydoor                             31.cutinline                             32.standcloseto…                             33.havedifferentideasabout                             34.feeluncomfortable                             35.inallsituations                             36.inpublicplaces                             本单元目标句型：                             1.Wouldyoumindcleaningtheyard?你介意打扫院子吗?                             2.Notatall.I"lldoitrightaway.一点也不。我马上就扫。                             3.Wouldyoumindnotplayingbaseballhere.                             你介意不要在这打棒球吗?                             4.Wouldyoumindgivingmeasmallerone?                             5.Sorry,we"llgoandplayinthepark.                             对不起，我们到公园去打。                             6.Couldyou(please)makedinner?请做晚饭好吗?                             7.That"snoproblem.没问题。                             8.Couldyou(please)notfeedthedog?=Would                             youmindnotfeedingthedog?                              =Wouldyou(please)notfeedthedog?=Please                             don"tfeedthedog,willyou?                                请不要喂狗好吗?                             9.Ifyoufinishthesetasks,wecangotoamovie                             tonight.                             10.Yourbarbergaveyouaterriblehaircut.                             11.Thestoreclerkgaveyouthewrongsize.                             12.Thewaitressbroughtyouthewrongfood.                             13.Thepenyouboughtdidn"twork.                             14.YouorderedahamburgerwithFrenchfriesbut                             onlygotahamburger.                             15.Weaskedsomepeoplewhatannoyedthem.Here"s                             whattheysaid.                             16.Idon"tlikewaitinginlinewhenashop                              assistanthasalongtelephoneconversation.                             17.Thishappenstomeallthetimeintheschool                             library.                             18.PerhapsinthefutureIshouldtrynottobe                             sopolite.                             19.Thewaypeoplebehaveisdifferentin                             differentculturesandsituations.                             20.Sometimes,rulesofetiquettearethesame                             almosteverywhere.                             21.Wemightwanttoasksomeonetobehavemore                             politelyifweseethembreakingaruleof                             etiquette.                             22.Etiquettemeansnormalandpolitesocial                             behavior.                             23.Thismayseemlikeadifficultwordatfirst,                             butitcanbeveryusefultounderstand.                             24.Infact,weshouldalsotakecarenottocough                             orsneezeloudlyinpublicifpossible.                             25.Peopledon"tusuallyliketobecriticized,so                             wehavetobecarefulhowwedothis.                             26.看到有人抽烟你可以说：Couldyoupleaseputoutthat                             cigarette?                             27.看到有人乱丢垃圾你可以说：Wouldyoumindpickingitup?                             28.看到有人插队你可以说：Sorry,wouldyoumindjoiningthe                             line?                             常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结                             使用-ing分词的几种情况                             1.在进行时态中。如：                                ①HeiswatchingTVintheroom.                                    ②Theyweredancingatnineo"clocklastnight.                             2.在therebe结构中。如：Thereisaboyswimminginthe                             river.                             3.在havefun/problems结构中。如：Wehavefunlearning                             Englishthisterm.                                Theyhadproblemsgettingtothetopofthe                             mountain.                             4.在介词后面。如：Thanksforhelpingme. Areyougoodat                              playingbasketball？                                What/Howaboutdoingsth?做某事怎么样? Iam                             interestedinplayingfootball.                             5.在以下结构中                                1.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事                                2.finishdoingsth.完成做某事                                3.feellikedoingsth.想要做某事                                4.stopdoingsth.停止做某事（原来的事）                                5.forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事                                6.goondoingsth.继续做某事（原来的事）                                7.rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事                                8.likedoingsth.喜欢做某事                                9.find/see/hear/watchsb.doing                             发现/看到/听到/观看某人做                                10.trydoingsth.试图做某事                                11.needdoingsth.需要做某事                                12.preferdoingsth.宁愿做某事                                13.minddoingsth.介意做某事                                14.missdoingsth.错过做某事                                15.practicedoingsth.练习做某事                                16.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事                                17.can"thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事                                18.wastetime/moneydoing浪费时间/金钱做……                                19.keepsb.doing让……始终/一直做……                                20.stopsb.(from)doing阻止某人做某事                                21.preferdoingBtodoingB=likeAbetter                             thanA 喜欢做A更喜欢做B                                22.“dosome+doing”短语                                如：dosomeshopping/dosomewashing/dosome                             reading/dosomepracticing/dosome                                    cleaning/dosomespeaking                                23.“godoing”短语去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）                                如：goshopping/gofishing/goswimming/go                             hiking/goskating/gocamping/goskiing                                    （滑雪)/goboating/gohunting(打猎)                                注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配:                                Ifeel(am/was)excited/surprised/amazed/                              interested/tired/pleased/worried/lost                                keep…closed；aboycalled/namedTom                             Unit8Whydon"tyougetherascarf?                             1.fallasleep入睡                             2.give…away赠送；分发                             3.ratherthan宁愿……而不是，胜于                             4.woulddo…ratherthando宁愿……不愿做                             5.hearof…听说                             6.makefriendswith和……交友                             7.photoalbum像册                             8.toopersonal太私人化                             9.notinteresting/special/creativeenough不够有趣                             10.makeaspecialmeal做一顿特别的饭                             11.an8-year-oldchild一个六岁的孩子                             12.thesedays最近                             13.not…atall根本不                             14.differentkindsof不同种类                             15.makeherhappy使她高兴                             16.someoneelse别人（else总是后置）                             17.improveEnglish提高英语                             18.indifferentways以不同的方式                             19.encouragesbtodo鼓励某人做                             20.make(great)progress取得进步                             21.takeaninterestin/beinterestedin对……感兴趣                             22.onmytwelfth/twentiethbirthday                             23.agoldfish-twogoldfish                             24.apignamed/calledConnie                             25.fromacrossChina                             26.enteratestbysingingpopularEnglishsongs                             27.comefromallagegroups                             28.thewinnerofthewomen"scompetition                             29.wintheprize                             30.trytospeakEnglishmore                             31.aspokespersonfromtheOlympicCommittee                             32.hearof                             33.manyotherfunwaystolearnEnglish                             34.makefriendswithanativespeakerof English                             35.findagoodwaytolearntolearnEnglish                             本单元目标句型：                             1.WhatshouldIgetmymomforherbirthday?                             我应该为我的妈妈买什么?                             2.Whydon"tyou/Whynotbuy/Whataboutbuying/                             Howaboutbuyingascarf?                                为什么不买条围巾呢?                             3.What"sthebestgiftyouhaveeverreceived?                             你曾收到的最好礼物是什么?                             4.Whataluckyguy!多幸运的家伙!                             5.Ithinkadogisagoodpetfora6-year-old                             child.                             6.Really?Idon"tagree.Dogsaretoodifficult                             totakecareof.                             7.Whatareadvantagesanddisadvantagesof                             keepingsuchapet?                             8.Thetrendiestkindofpetthesedaysisthe                             pot-belliedpig.                             9.Pot-belliedpigsmakethebestpets.                             10.However,lifewithapigisn"talwaysperfect.                             11.Nowsheistoobigtosleepinthehouse,soI                             madeheraspecialpighouse.                             12.Themoviewasboring.Ifellasleephalfway                             throughit.                             13.Aleaffromatreeisenoughtomakehervery                             happy.                             13.Giftgivingisdifferentindifferent                             countries.                             14.Thesamegiftmaybegivenawaytosomeone                             else.                             15.IntheUSA,somepeopleasktheirfamiliesand                             friendstogivemoneytocharityrather                                 thanbuythemgifts.                             16.InSweden,doingsomethingforsomeoneisthe                             bestgift.Peopledon"tneedtospend                                 toomuchmoney.Instead,makingamealis                             enough.                              17.Chinawillbethehostforthe2008Olympics                             andsomanyChinesepeopletrytoimprove                                 theirEnglishindifferentways.                                 Chinawillholdthe….                             18.Nearlyallthesingerssangveryclearly,and                             lookedcomfortableonstage.                             19.Someofthesesingerswereabletosing                             Englishsongsjustaswellasnativespeakers.                             20.ShesaidthatsingingEnglishsongsmadeher                             moreinterestedinlearningEnglish.                             21.Heagreesthatitisagoodideatohavefun                             withEnglish.                             22.ItsuggestswaysforBeijingerstotakean                             interestinlearningEnglish.                             常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结                             固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配                             ★希望做某事hopetodosth.                             ★决定做某事decidetodosth.                             ★同意做某事agreetodosth.                             ★需要某人做某事needtodosth.                             ★使用某物做某事usesthtodosth.                             ★迫不及待做某事can"twaittodo                             ★准备做某事get/bereadytodo                             ★尽力/努力做某事trytodosth.                             ★计划做某事plantodosth.                             ★不得不havetodo                             ★轮流做某事takeone"sturnstodosth.                             ★拒绝做某事refusetodosth.                             ★告诉某人做某事tellsb.todosth.                             ★请某人做某事asksb.todosth.                             ★希望某人做某事wishsb.todosth.                             ★想要某人做某事want/wouldlikesb.todosth.                             ★同意某人做某事agreesb.todosth.                             ★教某人做某事teachsb.todosth.                             ★喜欢/想要某人做某事likesb.todosth.                             ★帮助某人做某事helpsb.todosth./helpsb.do                             ★encouragesb.todo 鼓励某人做                             ★It"sone"sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事 例句:Ityour                             turntocleantheblackboard.                             ★It"stime(forsb.)todosth.是某人做某事时候了 例句:                             It"stimeformetogohome.                             ★It"s+adj.for/ofsb.todosth.                             对于某人来说做某事是……（当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of）                                例句:Itiseasyformetolearnitwell. Itis                             verykind/foolish/niceofyoutodoso.                                                                        ★Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.某人做某事花了某时间。例句:                                1.Ittakesmeanhourtogettoschoolbybike.                                2.IttookmeanhourtowatchTVlastnight.                                3.Itwilltakehertwoweekstofinishthe                             work.                             ★too+adj./adv.todosth. 太……而不能。例:Hewasto                             angrytosayaword.                             ★find/think/feelit+adj.todosth.                             发现/认为/感到做某事是……。例:                                Ifind/think/feelithardtolearnEnglish                             well.                                ★序数词+todo第……个做某事 例句:Whoisthefirsttoget                             there?                             ★我不知/忘记了怎么办。Ididn"tknow/forgotwhattodo.                             ★离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯                                 例句:Don"tforget/Remembertoturnoffthe                             lightswhenyoulefttheroom                             ★be+adj.+todosth. 例句:Iamverysorryto                             hearthat.                                Iamreadytohelpothers.Iamhappy/pleased/                             gladtomeetyou.                             顺口溜：                                本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；                                样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；                                大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；                                作主语时用 it，自己在后把身藏；                                七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；                                疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；                                逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加forsb.；                                to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。                             以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法                             ★letsb.dosth.让某人做某事                             ★makedosth.使得某人做某事                              ★heardosthdosth.听见某人做某事                             ★seedosthdosth.看见某人做某事                             ★whynot或whydon"tyou+动词原形？为什么不……?（表示建议）                             例:Whynot/Whydon"tyoutakeawalk?                             ★某人+hadbetter(not)do某人最好(不)做某事                             ★情态动词can/may/must/should+                             动词原形（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）                             ★助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即：                                don"t/doesn"t/didn"t/willnot/wouldnot                             +动词原形                             ★begoingto+动词原形（表示“即将；打算”做某事）                             Unit9 Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?                             1.takearide兜风                             2.takethesubway                             3.havebeento,havegoneto                             4.ontheonehand,ontheotherhand                             5.agoodplacetopracticeyourEnglish                             6.outsideofChina                             7.endup结束                             8.takeaholiday/vacation度假                             9.allyearround全年                             10.suchas例如                             11.azoocalled/named…一个叫做……的动物园                             12.duringthedaytime在白天                             13.wakeup醒来                             14.wakesomebodyup唤醒/叫醒某人                             15.haveagreat/nice/wonderful/greattime玩得高兴                             16.awonderfulplacetotakeaholiday/tovisit                             一个度假/游览的好地方                             17.anEnglish-speakingcountry 一个讲英语的国家                             18.beasleep=fallasleep睡着                             19.goonaDISNEYcruise                             20.traveltoanotherprovinceofChina                             21.thereasonsforlearningEnglish                             22.anexchangestudent                             23.improvemylisteningskills                             24.one…,theother…                             25.ThreequartersofthepopulationareChinese.                                 四分之三的人口是中国人（谓语动词用复数形式）                             26.What"sthepopulationofChina?中国的人口是多少？（不用                             howmuch提问）                             27.ThepopulationofChinais1.3billion.                             中国的人口是13亿。（谓动词用单形式）                             本单元目标句型：                             1.Meneither.(用于否定句后)                             2.It"sfuntolearnanotherlanguage.                             3.Disneylandisanamusementpark,butwecan                             alsocallitathemepark.                             4.Ithasallthenormalattractionsyoucanfind                             atanamusementpark,butitalsohasatheme.                             5.therollercoasteristhemedwithDisney                             characters.                             6.YoucanseeDisneycharacterswalkingaround                             Disneylandallthetime.                             7.ThesearehugeboatsthatalsohavetheDisney                             theme.Youcantakearideontheboatforseveral                             days,andyousleepandeatonboard.                             8.Therearealsomanyattractionsonboardjust                             likeanyotherDisneyland.                             9.Theboatridesalltakedifferentroutes,but                             theyallendupinthesameplace.                             10.ItisjustsomuchfuninDisneyland.                             11.Here"swhattwoofourstudentssaidaboutour                             school.                             12.WhenIwasayounggirl,allIeverwantedto                             dowastraveling,andIdecidedthat                                 thebestwaytodothiswastobecomeaflight                              attendant.                             13.Idiscoveredthatthemostimportant                             requirementwastospeakEnglishwell,soI                                 studiedEnglishattheHilltopLanguageSchool                             forfiveyearsbeforeIbecamea                                 flightattendant.                             14.ItwasbecauseIcouldspeakEnglishthatI                             gotthejob.                             15.It"sallIhaveeverwantedtobe.                             16.However,IknowthatIhavetoimprovemy                             English,soIhavestartedtakinglessons                                 attheschool.                             17.MaybewhenIleaveschoolI"llthinkabout                             becominganEnglishteacherratherthan                                 atourguide.                             18.Whatotherjobishethinkingofdoing?                             19.Youcanrentbicyclesattheamusementpark.                             20.FormanyChinesetourists,thissmallisland                             inSoutheastAsiaisawonderfulplace                                 totakeaholiday.                             21.Maybeyoufearthatyouwon"tbeabletofind                             anythingtoeatinaforeigncountry.                             22.However,ifyou"refeelingbrave,Singapore                             isanexcellentplacetotrynewfood.                             23.Ifyougotoseelions,tigers,orfoxes                             duringthedaytime,they"llprobablyaasleep.                             24.OnegreatthingaboutSingaporeisthatthe                             temperatureisalmostthesameallyear                                 round.Thisisbecausetheislandissoclose                             totheequator.Soyoucanchoosetogo                                 wheneveryoulike-spring,summer,orwinter.                             现在完成时句型举例：                             1.Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?                             你曾经去过游乐园吗？                                Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven"t.                             2.Ihaveneverbeenthere.Meneither=Neither                             haveI. 我也没有。                             3.Whereishe?HehasgonetotheBeijing.                             4.HowlonghashebeeninBeijing?（不能用come/                             arrive）                             5.I"veneverbeentoanaquarium.我从没去过水族馆。                             6.Ihavebeenastudenthereforayear.                             我成为这里的学生有一年了。（不能用become）                              =Ibecameastudenthereayearago.                             7.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.（不能用die）=he                             diedtwoyearsago.                             8.Ihavebeenateachersincetenyearsago(for                             tenyears.)（不能用become）                             9.Ihavejust/ever/already/neverseenthemovie.                             Haveyoueverheardofthemanbefore?                             本单元语法讲解                             现在完成时                             1.现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。本时态标志词：                                already（“已经”，用于肯定句中，放在have/has之后或句尾）                                yet（“仍然；还”，用于疑问句或否定句的句尾）                                just（“刚刚”，放在have/has之后）                                before（“以前”，放在句尾）                                ever（“曾经”，放在have/has之后）                                never（“从没有”，在have/has之后）                             例句：                                1.Ourteacherhasjustleft.                                2.WehavestudiedEnglishalready.                                3.Ihavenotfinishedthehomeworkyet.                                4.HehasneverbeentoBeijingbefore.                             2.                             某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示一段时间的表达方法有两种：                                for+一段时间  forayear，fortwoweeks，forthree                             years                                Since+过去的某一时刻 sincenine，sincelastweek                                Since+一般过去时态的时间状语从句sinceyoucame;sinceyou                             gothome                              注意：结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应的延续性动词。                             1.直接用延续性动词                                buy--have；catch(get)acold--havea                             cold；borrow--keep；become--be；puton--wear                             2.转换成be+名词                                jointhearmy--beasoldier；jointheParty--be                             aPartymember；gotoschool--eastudent                             3.转换成be+形容词或副词                                die--bedead；finish--beover；begin--be                             on；leave--beaway；fallsleep--beasleep；                                close--beclosed；cometo/goto/arriveat(in)                             +某地--bein(at)+某地                             4.转换成be+介词短语gotoschool--beinschool；get                             up--beup                             现在完成时态常见标志词                             1.already(已经),just(刚刚),never(从未/从没有),ever                             (曾经),yet(仍然/还),before(以前)(句尾时)                             2.since+点时刻或从句; for+段时间;howlong(疑问句中用来提问                             since/for短语的)                             3.sofar/tillnow/bynow到目前为止；迄今                             4.recently近来，inthepast/last+段时间 在过去的几年中                             5.once(一次)，twice,three(four…)times                             6.Itisthe+最高级+n.+(that)sb.haveeverdone                             例：What"sthebestgiftyouhaveeverreceived?                             你曾收到的最好礼物是什么?                             Unit10It"saniceday,isn"tit?                             1.feellikedoing=wanttodosth.想做某事                             2.liketodosth./likedoingsth.喜欢做某事                             3.wouldliketodo=wanttodo想要做某事                             4.likesb.todo想要某人做某事                             5.feellikesth.觉得像……                             6.haveahard/difficulttimedoingsth.费了很大劲做某事                             7.haveproblemdoingsth.做某事有困难                             8.havefundoingsth.乐于做某事                             9.needtodosth.需要做某事（主语是人，强调主动）                             10.needdoing=needtobedone 需要被……（主语是物，强调被动）                             例如：Ineedtodomyhomework.Thebikeneeds                             mending/reparing                             11.athank-younotefor…感谢信                             12.lookthrough浏览                             13.getalong/onwellwith相处得好                             14.atleast至少                             15.atmost最多                             16.becareful=lookout当心；小心                             17.becarefultodo/nottodosth.小心做/不做某事                             18.crossastreet=goacrossastreet过街（穿过表面）                             19.gothrough穿过（空间/房间/森林等）                             20.gopast经过/路过                             21.comealong跟着来                             22.sayinalow/loudvoice小声地/大声地说                             23.somethingcost+钱=somethingisworth+钱                              某物值多少钱                             24.ahigh/lowtemperature高/低温                             25.thepriceishigh/low价格高/低                             26.do/tryone"sbesttodosth.努力/尽力做某事                             27.bynoon                             28.lookthroughbooksinabookstore                             29.aboyyou"veneverseenbefore                             目标句型：反意疑问句句型如下：                             注意：以下本单元语法反意疑问句容易考到的几个句型：                             1.Itlookslikerain,doesn"tit?Yes,itdoes./                             No,itdoesn"t.看起来要下雨了,是吗?                             2.He"sreallygood,isn"the?他确实好，是吗?                             3.Youarenewhere,aren"tyou?你是新来的，是吗?                             4.YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou?(                             never表达否定含义,后面用肯定)                             5.Shehasfewfriends,doesshe?(few                             表达否定含义,后面用肯定)                             6.Tomhadlittleworktodo,didhe?(little                             表达否定含义,后面用肯定)                             7.Youcanhardlydothework,canyou?(hardly                             表达否定含义,后面用肯定)                             8.Let"sgohome,shallwe?                               9.Don"tbelateagain/Letusgohome,willyou?                             (祈使句用willyou;但Let"s开头的用shallwe)                             10.Thankyousomuchforasking/inviting/having                             me!非常感谢你邀请我                             11.Howmuchdoesthatshirtcost?=Howmuchis                             theshirt?那件衬衣值多少钱?                             12.Hesureis.                             13.Thisisgreatweather,isn"tit?Itsureis.                             Butit"salittlehotforme.                             14.Thelineisslow,isn"tit?                             15.Theirpricesarereallylow,aren"tthey?                             16.Howbigisyourapartment?                             17.DidyouseethegameonTVFridaynight?                             18.Sometimesitisn"teasybeingthenewkidat                             school.                             19.Thevideoyoushowedwasreallyfun.                             20.Iwashavingahardtimefindingituntilyou                             camealong.                             21.Friendslikeyoumakeitaloteasiertoget                             alonginanewplace.                             22.Thanksfortheticketsfornextweek"s                             game.I"mreallyhappytohavethetickets.                             23.I"llthinkofyouaswewatchtheBlackSocks                             winthegame.                             24.Thetrafficisverybusyatthistime.                             25.I"mgoingtolookthroughthenewspaperfora                             holidayjob.                             26.Becarefultolookbothwaysbeforeyoucross                             thestreet.                             27.Ifyouhavefinishedyourhomework,youcould                             helpwithcleaningandcooking.                             附：初二常见动词过去式、过去分词默写表                             1.是am,is--                             2.是are--                             3.击败;敲打beat--                             4.成为/变成become--                             5.开始 begin--                             6.吹;刮blow--                             7.折断;打破break--                             8.带来bring--                             9.建设;建造build--                             10.买buy--                             11.能够can--                             12.抓/捉住;乘车catch-                             13.选择;选choose--                             14.来come--                             15.值cost--                             16.切;割;砍cut--                             17.做do--                             18.绘画;画draw--                             19.喝drink--                             20.驾驶drive--                             21.吃eat--                             22.掉下;降落fall--                             23.感到;感觉feel--                             24.发现;找到find--                             25.飞fly--                             26.忘记forget--                             27.取;获得get--                             28.给give--                             29.去;走go--                             30.种植;成长grow--                             31.有/吃have/has--                             32.听见hear--                             33.保持keep--                             34.知道;认识know--                             35.学习;学会learn-                             36.离开;落下leave--                             37.借出/给lend-                             38.让let--                             39.位于lie--                             40.丢失lose--                             41.可以may--                             42.意味;意思 mean---                             43.遇见/到meet--                             44.放put--                             45.读read--                             46.骑ride--                             47.铃响ring--                             48.跑run--                             49.说say--                             50.看见;看望see--                             51.卖sell--                             52.送send--                             53.将;应该shall--                             54.照耀shine--                             55.唱sing--                             56.坐sit--                             57.睡觉sleep--                             58.闻;嗅smell--                             59.说;讲speak--                             60.花费;度过spend--                             61.站stand--                             62.扫;拖地sweep--                             63.游泳swim--                             64.拿走;带走take--