实用大学英语语法讲座与测试（附答案） 152页

实用大学英语语法讲座与测试名词♦选择题Directions:Foreachsentence(1-20)therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Foreachsentence(21-40)therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestreplacesthewordunderlinedinthesentence.1.Mostofthehousesinthevillagewereburnttoduringthewar.A.ashsB.theashC.ashD.ashes2.ProfessorMackaytoldusthatofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance.A.somepropertyB.muchpropertiesC.propertiesD.property3.ThestudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremakingforthecomingNewYear.A.manypreparationsB.muchpreparationC.preparationsD.preparation4.Therearelotsofinthestorageroomwhichissunlessandwet.A.mouseB.mousesC.miceD,mices5.Hewaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveonhis_____.A.littlewageB.fewwageC.wageD.wages6.Jimwaslatefortwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthatheforgotbothofthe.A.roomsnumberB.roomnumberC.room"snumbersD.roomnumbers7.areusuallypreferredbychildreninthehospital.A.WomendoctorB.WomandoctorC.WomandoctorsD.Womendoctors8.Yesterdayeveningwehadalovelyeveningat.A.PeterandHelen"sB.PeterandHelensC.PeterandHelenD.Peter"sandHelen"s9.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehadgot.A.muchwhitehairB.manywhitehairC.afewwhitehairD.littlewhitehair10.WhydidyouspeaktoPeterthatway?Don"tyouknowheisanoldfriendof？A.mybrotherB.mybrothersC.mybrother"sD.mybrother’sfriend11.TheLuGouBridgeisdescribedinMarcoPolo"s"Travel"asmostbeautifulbridge.A.theworld"sB.world"sC.theworldD.world12.anywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.A.ThreeminutescallB.Three-minutecallC.Athree-minutescallD.Athree-minutecall13.Wouldyouliketostayinfortheholiday?A.myfather"s-in-lawhouseB.myfather-in-law"shouseC.myfather-in-lawhouseD.myin-law-father"shouse14.Theassignmentistowriteaboutyourdream.A.afive-hundred-wordscompositionB.afive-hundreds-wordscompositionC.afive-hundred-wordcompositionD.afive-hundreds-wordcomposition15.TheDepartmentpurchasedtoimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.A.anewequipmentB.anewpieceofequipmentC.newequipmentsD.newpiecesofequipments16.Suchproblemsasairandheavytrafficarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousinalmosteverybigcityallovertheworld.A.pollutionB.polluteC.pollutiveD.pollutant17.Itwasthroughhisuncle"sthatPhilipobtainedhispositionwiththebiggest152 oilcompanyinthecountry.A.fluenceB.influenceC.affectD.affection18.Achildwholivesinaboringwillbecomelessintelligentthanonelivinginahappysurrounding.A.conditionB.environmentC.conditionalD.environmental19.Themanagerwasadvisedtogivethetasktoonehebelievedhadastrongsenseof.A.responsibleB.responsiveC.responsibilityD.response20.Weallconsideritofgreatimportancethatweshouldcombinetheorywith.A.practicableB.practiseC.practicalD.practice21.Thevillagershaveofferedmuchhelptousandwethinkweshoulddosomethingfortheminreturn.A.soldiersB.fightersC.farmersD.lifesavers22.Thenewsystemsnowbeingusedincommerceareapprovedbythecooperativecompany.A.applianceB.communicationC.occupationD.business23.WeweretalkingabouttheAmericantouristwhomwemetduringourtriptotheGreatWall.A.journeyB.flightC.voyageD.expedition24.Althoughthemanagerremindedhimseveraltimes,hestillcamewithanuntidyappearance.A.sightB.phenomenonC.conditionD.look25.Wecouldn"treallyaffordtobuyahousesowegotitonhire-purchaseandpaidmonthlyinstallment.A.investmentsB,requirementsC.arrangementsD.payment26.Accordingtothekeywitnesses,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminal"smostmemorablefacialfeature.A.characteristicB.signatureC.hintD.spot27.Theseoverseasstudentsshowgreatenthusiasmforlearninganewlanguage.A.interestB.authorityC.conventionD.faith28.Beingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasanexcuseforbreakingthelaw.A.explanationB.intentionC.optionD.approval29.Thedesignofthisauditoriumshowsagreatdealofinvention.Wehaveneverseensuchabuildingbefore.A.imaginationB.illusionC.originalityD.orientation30.Tothewholeaudience,thestatementwhichthepresidentgaveattheconferenceisunworthyofbelief.A.doubtB.disposalC.faithD.condition31.Givingagift(;anconveyawealthofmeaningaboutyourappreciationoftheirhospitalityandtheimportanceyouplaceupontherelationship.A.solidarityB.priorityC.superiorityD.generosity32.Itisclearthatthedoghasamuchgreaterscaleofitsbraindevotedtosmellthanisthecasewithhumans.A.compositionB.proportionC.compoundD.percent33.Sadly,theGianlPandaisoneofthemanyspeciesnowindangerofextinction.A.disappearanceB.migrationC.destructionD.extraction34.Clarkfeltthathisparticipationinoneofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofalltimewasworththesufferingheunderwent.A.apprehensionaboutB.appreciationofC.presentationonD.contributionto35.Thecompanyimportedamachinewiththeabilitytocopewithlargeloadsinthisfield.A.powerB.capacityC.talentD.skill36.HewaslookingadmiringlyatthephotographpublishedbyCollinsincollaborationwiththeImperialMuseum.A.combinationB.cooperationC.connectionD.collection37.Weworktomakemoney,butthere"sacontradictionthatpeoplewhoworkhardandlongoftendonotmakethemostmoney.A.paradoxB.prejudiceC.dilemmaD.conflict38.Thegovernmentadoptsthetaxbreaksintendedasa(n)inducementtogreaterreinvestment.152 A.incentiveB.conductC.stimulateD.employment39.ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRussia.A.inferencesB.significancesC,indicationsD.developments40.Giventhisinclinationtowardchange,itisnotsurprisingthattraditionplaysalimitedroleintheAmericanculture.A.preferenceB.tendencyC.declinationD.modification♦改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof20sentencesand3passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyJmistake.Ineachpassage,therearealtogether8-10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.Ilikethesedishesbutthetea"scupisalittletoosmall.____________2.Peopleoftheoldergenerationtendtocomplainaboutthefast-pacedmodernlives.________3.Theessayistlanguageexpressesrichandsubtlemeanings.___________4.Noonewithoutpatienceandpersistentislikelytomakeagoodresearcher._____________5.Thereweresomelooker-onsbytheroadside,buttheydidn"tinformthepoliceoftheaccident.___________6.Whenthereistoomuchsmokeintheroom,thedevisewouldautomaticallyturnonthealarmingsystem.____________7.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimeswritingshortstories._______________8.Betweensunriseandsunset,streetsandhighwaysareaconstantsourceofvoicefromcars,busesandtrucks._____________9.Biologistshaveestimatedthattherearearoundonemillionanimalandplantspeciaslivingintherainforests._____________10.Theoldbuildingisinagoodstaleofreservationexceptforthewoodenfloors._________11.IntheafternoonIdidsomebaby-sittings,foritisafunlookingafterchildren._________12.Wemustkeepinheadthebillionsofdollarswemightspendincarryingouttheproject.____________13.Considerthegreatneedforimprovingmanyaspectsoftheglobalenvironmentisveryimportant.____________14.Ofthesevendaysinaweek,Saturdayissaidtobethemostpopularchooseforaweddinginsomecountries.____________15.ShellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirstattemption.___________16.Theyoungstudentissuccessasawriter.It"sasurprisetoallhisteachers.____________17.―HowmuchifIwanttotakeone?―Youcantakeasmanyasyoulikebecausetheyarefreeofmoney.____________18.Inmyopinion,whathetoldusjustnowabouttheaffairsimplydoesn"tmakeanymeaning.___________19.Pleasereadtheconstructionscarefullybeforeoperatingthemachine.20.Moles(凝鼠)arealmostcompletelyblind,althoughitstinyeyescandistinguishlightfromdark.____________PassageAManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld"slargesttemporaryemployagency.Everymorning,itspeopleswarmintoSI.theofficesandfactoryofAmerica,seekingaday"sworkforaday"spay.S2.Onedayattime,asindustrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMS3.struggletosurvivebyreducingthenumbersofemployees,Manpower,S4.152 basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.Eventhoughitseconomiccontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglyS5.becominganationofparttimersandtemporaryworkers.This"disposableworkforceisthemostimportanttrendinAmericanbusinesstoday,anditisfundamentallychangingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjob.S6________ThephenomenenprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitiveS7________whileavoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdensimposedbyemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.ForworkersitcanmeanaendtotheS8._________security,benefitsandsenseofimportancethatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.PassageBThefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelatetolanguageS1.__________istheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsisoftheutmostimportant.S2.ProperelectionwilleliminateonesourceoflikelybreakdowninthecommunicationS3_________cycle.Toooften,carelessusewordspreventsameetingofthemindsoftheS4__________speakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermaystirupunfavorablereactionsinthelistenerwhichinterferewithhiscomprohension;hence,S5.thetransmission-receiptsystembreaksdown.S6._________Moreover,inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymakeitdifficultforthelistenerstounderstandthemessagewhichisbeingtransmittedtohim.S7.__________Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybeunabletoexplainordescribeinwaythatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.S8._______PassageCSportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewingbiologically,themodernfootballerisrevealedasamemberofS1.________adisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.IfhisaimsisaccurateandheS2.______scoresagoal,enjoysthehunterstriumphofkillinghisprey.S3.______TounderstandhowthistransformhastakenplaceweS4._______mustbrieflylookatourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillionyearevolvingasco-operativehunters.TheirverysurvivalS5.dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eveniftheirbodies,becameradicallyS6.changed.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwersorprey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.S7.Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,whenthisimmenselyS8.longformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,wereputtoanewuse―thatofpenning(把关在圈中),S9.controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.TherisksanduncertaintyofhuntingS10.werenolongeressentialforsurvival.152 ♦翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-7bytranslatingtheChinesegiveninbracketintoEnglishandtranslatethesentences8-12intoChinese.1.(考虑到你的工资),youshouldbeabletosavenupto500RMBamonth.2.Manystudentsalwaysfeelhappy(一提到)thecominglifeofhighschooltheywillbegin.3.(应用电子计算机)makesatremendousriseinlaborproductivity.4.(我感到很光荣)formetobechargedwithsuchanarduoustask.5.Profitsareprobablytheincentiveto(开发和生产物美价廉的商品).6.(一个人的穿着)mayexpresshissocialstatus.7.Thisexperimentis(绝对必须的)indeterminingthebestprocessingroute.8.Equalpayforequalworkisnotyetarealityforsomewomen.9.Thefollowingqualificationsarerequiredfromthecandidatesfortheaboveposition.10.Ouryearsofhardworkareallinvain,letalonethelargeamountofmoneywehavespent.11.Otherapartmentsinthesameneighborhoodandunderthesamemanagementrentashighas$200.00amonth.12.Financialmanagementincludesthesearchforadequatesourcesofcapitalandthemanagementofthecapitalalreadyinvested.Itrequiresestimatingtheamountofcashthecompanywillneedinitsoperations,decidingwhethertouseshort-termorlong-termcredit,choosingtherighttimetoissuestockorsellbonds,etc.u选词填空Directions:Completeeachsentence(I-10)byfillingineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninthebrackets.Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninthewordbankfollowingthepassage,Sentence1.Televisionismorethanjustanelectronic(apply);itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication.2.Thelatestsurveysshowthatquiteafewchildrenhaveunpleasant(associate)withtheirhomework.3.Peopleseemtofailtotakeinto(consider)thefactthatstudydoesnotendwithexamination.4.Anincreasingnumberofexpertsbelievethatmigrantswillexertpositiveeffectsonthe_________(construct)ofcity.5.The________(major)ofstudentsbelievethatpart-timejobswillprovidethemwithmoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirinterpersonalskills.6.Therearemillionsofpeoplewhostillhaveamiserablelifeandhavetofacethedangersof_______(starve)andexposure.7.Bicyclecan"tbecomparedwithothermeansoftransportationlikecarandtrainforspeedand________(comfortable).8.Peoplebelievethatcomputerskillswillenhancetheirjobopportunitiesor________(promote)pportunities.9.Itmustbeadmittedthatthe________(short)offundsisstilloneofthebiggestquestionsthatstudentsnowadayshavetofacebecausetuitionfeesandpricesofbooksaresoaring.10.Manypeoplebelievethatinternationaltourismproducespositive(effective)oneconomicgrowthandlocalgovernmentshouldbeencouragedtopromoteinternationaltourism.PassageInBritainandothercountries,youngpeoplesometimestakea"gapyear,"ayearoff152 betweenhighschoolandcollege.Thisideanevergainedabig1intheUnitedStates.Recentnewsreportshavesuggestedthatinterestmaybegrowing,thoughtherearenoofficial2.CharlesDeaconisthedeanofadmissionsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashington,D.C.Heestimatesthatinthecurrentfirst-yearclassof1,600students,onlyabout25decidedtotakea3off.Thisnumberhasnotchangedmuchovertheyears.Themostcommon4istohaveachancetotravel,butinternationalstudentsmaylakeagapyeartomeetrequirementsathomeformilitaryduty.Somehighschoolgraduatesseeayearoffasa5torecoverafter12yearsofrequirededucation.Butitcanalsogivestudentsachancetoexploretheirinterests.Studentswhothinktheywanttobedoctors,forexample,couldlearnaboutthe6byvolunteeringinahospitalforayear.Manycollegesanduniversitiessupportgap-year7bypermittingstudentstodelayheiradmission.TheHarvardadmissionsofficehasan___8___onitswebsitecalled“timeOutorBurnOutfortheNextGeneration."Itpraisesthe__9__oftakingtimeofftostepback,thinkandenjoygaininglifeexperiencesoutsidethe10ofstudies.Ofcourse,agapyearisnotforeveryone.Studentsmightmisstheirfriendswhogoondirectlytocollege.Andparentsmightworrythattheirchildrenwilldecidenottogotocollegeoncetheytaketimeoff.152AnumbersFyearKprojectsBprofessionGfollowingLamountCaccessHpostponementMpressureDexcessIvisionNrelationEchanceJideaOreason152 参考答案第一章名词◆选项题1.D2.C3.C4.C5.D6.D7.D8.A9.A10.C11.A12.D13.B14.C15.C16.A17.B18.B19.C20.D21.C22.D23.A24.D25.D26.A27.A28.A29.C30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.B36.B37.A38.A39.C40.B◆改错题1.thetea’scup→theteacup这里不用所有格。2.lives→life此句中life是抽象的,所以不用复数。3.essayist→essayist’s此处需要所有格。4.persistent→persistence此处需要名词与patience并列。5.looker-one→looker-on合成词中含有主体名词的,通常在主体名词后加-(e)s。6.devise→devicedevise动词意为“设计,发明”;device名词,“装置,设备”。7.tines→timetime作时间不可数。8.voice→noisevoice“声音”;noise“噪音”。9.specias→species拼写错误,species“种类,物种”。10.reservation→preservationresonation“保留,预约“;preservation“保存”。11.去掉a固定搭配itisfundoingsth。12.head→mind固定搭配keepinmind。13.Consider→Considering/Toconsider。14.choose→choice此处需要名词。15.attemption→attempt拼写错误,attempt“努力,尝试”。16.success前面添加a,或success→successful此处success作宾语不能单独存在,也可以将名词变为形容词作宾语。17.money→charge固定搭配freeofcharge。18.meaning→sense固定搭配makeanysense。19.constructions→instructions形近词混淆,construction“建筑,建筑物”;instruction“指示,指导”。20.its→their代词的单复数与主语保持一致。PassageAS1.employ→employment此处需要名词表示雇佣中介。S2.factory→factories此处是需要复数形式与前面的offices并列。S3.在time前面加a固定搭配atatime。S4.numbers→number此处表示总称数量,故用单数。S5.economic→economy此处需要名词,而非形容词。S6.job→jobs此处与之前的their一致,故用复数形式。S7.phenomenen→phenomenon拼写错误。S8.a→anend是以元音音素开头的名词。PassageBS1.relate→relation固定搭配inrelationto。S2.important→importance根据结构,此处需要名词构成短语oftheutmostimportance。S3.election→selection形近词辨析,election“选举,当选”;selection“选择,挑选”。S4.在words前加of此处需要介词构成短语useofwords。S5.comperohension→comprehension拼写错误。S6.receipt→reception形近词辨析,receipt”收据,收条”;reception“接待,招待”。S7.listenrs→listener注意下文的him是单数形式。S8.在way前加a固定搭配inaway。PassageC152 S1.Viewing→Viewed此处需要过去分词表示被动。S2.aims→aim根据谓语is,所以要用单数。S3.enjoys前面加he本句缺乏主语。S4.transform→transformation此处需要名词做主语。S5.year→years前面是amillion,所以此处需要复数形式。S6.去掉if根据逻辑含义,这里应该表示甚至,不构成条件从句。S7.co-operate→co-operated根据全文时态,应该用过去式。S8.when→after根据上下文逻辑,这里应该是“在……之后。S9.were→was主语intelligence是单数。S10.uncertainty→uncertainties与and前面的risks并列,所以用复数。◆翻译题1.Inconsiderationofyoursalary2.atthementionof3.Theapplicationofelectroniccomputers4.Itisagreathonor5.theresearchanddevelopmentofbetterandcheapergoods6.Thewayonedresseshimself/Theclothesonewear7.anabsolutenecessity8.对有些妇女来说,同工同酬仍然未成为现实。9.应聘以上职位,需具备下列资格。10.我们多年的辛苦工作全白费了,更别提我们花费的大量金钱了。11.在同一街区由同一机构管理服务的其他公寓,月租金高达200美元。12.财务管理包括募集充足的资金和管理好已投入的资本,它要求对公司未来运营中所需的现金进行估算,对使用短期还是长期贷款做出决断,选择适当的时机发行股票货出售债卷等。◆选词填空Sentence1.apply→appliance此处需要名词构成短语anelectronicappliance“电子设备”。2.associate→associations此处需要名词构成短语haveassociationswith“产生联系”,同时考虑到主语是复数形式。3.consider→consideration此处需要名词构成短语takeintoconsideration“考虑”。4.construct→construction此处需要名词构成短语constructionofcity“城市建设”。5.major→majority此处需要名词构成短语themajorityofstudents“大部分学生”。6.starve→starvation此次需要名词构成短语dangersofstarvationandexposure“饥荒和衣不蔽体的危险”。7.comfortable→comfort此处需要名词构成短语forspeedandcomfort“在速度和舒服度方面”。8.promote→promotion此处需要名词构成短语promotionopportunities“晋升机会”。9.short→shortage此次需要名词构成短语theshortageoffunds“资金短缺”。10.effective→effect(s)此次需要名词构成短语positiveeffect(s)oneconomicgrowth“对经济增长的积极影响”。Passage1.G(following)紧跟形容词big之后,此处需要名词,表示这种想法在美国从来没有得到很大的追捧。2.A(numbers)紧跟形容词official之后,此处需要名词,表示官方数字。3.F(year)紧跟不定冠词后,此处需要名词,构成短语takeayearoff,表示只有25人决定暂停学业一年。4.O(reason)此处需要吗名词做主语,表示最常见的暂停学业的原因是去旅游。5.E(chance)紧跟不定冠词后,此次需要名词,构成短语achancetorecover,表示一些中学毕业生把这看作是一休整的机会。6.B(profession)此次需要名词做宾语,根据上文逻辑,应该表示通过在医院当一年志愿者来了解折这个职业。7.K(projects)此处需要名词作宾语,表示很多大学支持暂停学业一年的项目。8.C(access)紧跟不定冠词后,需要名词构成固定搭配haveanaccess,表示有途径达成。152 9.J(idea)紧跟定冠词后,需要名词构成固定搭配ideaofsth,表示腾出时间来回顾,思考和享受生活经历的理念。10.M(pressure)紧跟定冠词后,需要名词,同时根据上下逻辑含义,表示在学习压力之外。代词♦选择题Directions:Inthispart,thereare20sentences.Foreachsentence,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.一Whichofthetwodictionarieswillyouborrow?—I’llborrow________,forthedifferentuses.A.allB.bothC.eitherD.neither2.Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecause________ofushad________moneyonus.A.all;noB.any;noC.none;anyD.noone;any3.Aprettyfacemaywinfriendsbutittakescharacterandpersonalitytohold________.A.itB.themC.thatD.one4.Afteraweekontherunthethief________tothepolice.A.gaveitupB.gavehimselfupC.gaveuphimselfD.gavethemup5.________havealreadyknownaboutit.A.You,heandIB.You,IandheC.He,youandID.I,youandhe6.Givethemessageto________needsitatthetable.A.whomeverB.whoseverC.whateverD.whoever7.I’llshowyouhowtoaddthenumbers,thenyoushoulddotheothers________.A.byyourselfB.foryourselfC.toyourselfD.inyourself8.________washercrueltythatweallhatedher.A.ItB.WhatC.ThatD.Such9.“Thisdeskisnotmine.”“________canitbe?”A.Who’selseB.WhoelseC.WhoseelseD.Whichelse10.Hewrotealetterto________.A.weallB.usallC.allweD.allus11.Hehasfivesisters,and________ofthemisgoodatsinging.A.everyoneB.everyoneC.nobodyD.anyone12.Idon’tliketheseshoes,pleaseshowme________.A.anotherB.otheroneC.someothersD.otherones13.________can’tmakeanomeletwithoutbreakingeggs.A.WhoeverB.NobodyC.SomeoneD.One14.Thelittlegirlis________apainter.A.somethingofB.somethinglikeC.orsomethingD.somethingbut15.________ofuscandoeverything,butallofuscando________.A.None,somethingB.Some,everythingC.Few,somethingD.Few,nothing16.一Iloveyoumorethanher,child.—Youmeanmorethan________loveherormorethansheloves________?A.you;meB.I;youC.you;youD.I;me17.TheNewEnglish—ChineseDictionaryhasbeenrepublishedseveraltimes,________moreuptodatethanthelastedition.A.anyB.everyoneC.eitherD.each18.Does________matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it19.Somepeopleholdthatsinceweliveinamoney-orientedsociety,theaverageindividualcareslittleaboutsolving________.A.anyone’selseproblemsB.anyoneelse’sproblems152 C.anyoneelseproblemsD.anyone’selse’sproblems20.—Areyougoingtobuytheblueshoes?—No,Ilike________redonesoverthere.A.theseB.thisC.thoseD.their♦改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof20sentencesand3passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyonemistake.Inthepassageytherearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.Whenwewalkedtothecar,Billsmiledandshookhead.________2.AndIcan’tforgetthegoodfoodyoucookedforI.________3.Knowledgeisthereforwhomeverwillseekit.________4.Inanyotherwords,Iamtheonlychildinmyfamily.________5.Attheairport,allhisbaggagewasstolen,butsoonhegotthemback.________6.Yes,moneyisveryimportant,butitisnotanything.________7.Thisisthebookwhichyouboughtitformetenyearsago.________8.Whenyouareawayfromhome,youshouldlookafteryou.________9.I’mverysorryaboutallthewholething.________10.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.________11.Hisbrother’scaseisquitedifferentfromme.________12.ThepopulationofLondonistwiceaslargeasthiscity.________13.Heistallerthananyoneinhisclass.________14.Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.TheyhavebeentoEuropemanytimes.________15.Peoplefindincreasinglydifficulttomaketheirliving.________16.Thedaybeforethespeechcontest(比赛)Englishteachertalkedtome.________17.IlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedmeunderstandhowtheworldworks.________18.BothTomandhisbrotherareeagertomakerapidprogress;eitheriswillingtolagbehind.________19.Aloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelteverythingbutlonely.________20.LetmegiveyoutwooftheconsequencesofwhichIwouldguessthatonewillshockyouwhileanothermayperhapssurpriseyoumorefavorably.________PassageAIntheirdailylifeweareusedtohearingthesecomplaints:“Ican’tS1.________waitformyholiday,”“IwishIcouldstayhometoday.”ThisS2.________complaintscomefrompressureatwork.Workersmaybelaidoff(下岗)forpoorperformance;themhavetodotheirjobsbetter.S3.________EmployeesfeelpressurednotonlybecausetheymightfindthemS4.________outofworkbutalsobecausetheygetnorealsatisfactionfromourwork.Forthegreatmajorityofworkers,workisjustameansofS5.________earningmoney.Someappearsmeaninglessandemptyofdignity.S6.________Butpressureisanaturalpartofwork.Thereisnowaytoavoidit.Weshouldfaceuptothat.Toamodemmanwhoseisworriedanddepressed,cultivatingS7.________ahobbyandfindingnewinterestisoffirstimportance.Ifpressurebecomesdifficulttodealwithit,weshouldturntoourfriendsorfamilies.WeshouldS8.________alwaysdiscussourproblemswithourfamilies.Consolation(安慰),warmthandhappinessthatfamiliesbringtouscanlessenuspressuresandencourageusS9.________toovercomebothdifficulties.S10.________152 PassageBAnoldcrab(螃蟹)grewrestless.Findingherselfstiffallover,heS1.________knewwastimeforhimtomoult(悦壳)hisshell.S2.________Hedashedhereandthereinsearchofacavetohide.Hewasgoingtoblockupthemouthofthecavesothathecouldmoultinsecret.Heknewitwouldbeverydangeroustoshedhe’sshellintheopenbecause,withhisS3.________newshellstillbeingsoft,hemightbeeatenupbybothcrabs.S4.________ThesefearwasnotgroundlessforhehimselfhadreallyseenithappentoS5.________Othermoultingcrabs.Theoldcrabkeptmovingaboutinahurry.Anearbycrabasked,“Hey,brother,which’stherush?”S6.________“Iamgoingtomoult,”answeredtheoldcrab.“Wouldn’titbeallrighttomoultrighthere?IcouldhelpyourselfS7.________outwithit.‘‘“Howhorriblethatwouldbe!”“Youmeanwhileyou’renotscared(害怕的)ofbothotherthingsS8.________inthecaveyou’rescaredofyourownkind?”“NO,I’mnotscaredoftheirownkind.”S9.________“Thenwhatareyouscaredof?”“Everythingbutbeingeatenupbyyou.”S10.________PassageCInMr.Allen’shighschoolclass,boththestudentshaveto“getmarried”.S1.________However,theweddingceremoniesarenotrealonebutimitations(模仿).S2.________ThatmockceremoniessometimesbecomesonoisythattheloudlaughterS3.________drownsoutthevoiceofthe“minister”.Eventhetwostudentsgettingmarriedoftenbegintogiggle.Theteacher,Mr.Allen,believesthatmarriageisadifficultandseriousbusiness.HewantsyoungpeopletounderstandthatthereareeverychangesS4.________whatmusttakeplaceaftermarriage.HebelievesthattheneedfortheseS5.________psychologicalandfinancialadjustmentsshouldbeunderstoodbeforepeoplemarry.Mr.Allendoesn’tonlyintroducehisstudentstomajorproblemsfacedinmarriagesameasillnessorunemployment.HealsoexposesthemtotheS6.________nitty-gritty(本质的)problemstheywillfaceeveryotherday.HewantstoS7.________introduceyoungpeopletoallsometrials(考验)andtribulations(磨难)S8.________thatitcandestroyamarriagetothebreakingpoint.HeevenfamiliarizeS9.________hisstudentswiththeproblemofdivorce(离婚)andthefactthatdivorcedmenmustpaychildsupportmoneyforhischildrenandsometimespayS10.________monthlyalimony(赡养费)totheirwives.♦翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-10bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethesentences11-15intoChinese.1.Thereisnotimelimitationinsuchclassessostudentscanrepeatexercises_____________________(想要多少次都可以).2.(尽管面临着诸多困难),Peterstilldecidedtogoabroadforfurtherstudy.3.Susanisneverlateforworkalthough________________________________(从她家到公司要花一个多小时).4.____________________________________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.5.Theyalwaysgivesthevacantseatsto____________________________________(先来的那个人).6.Theboss________________________________(发脾气了)becausehissecretarywastwentyminuteslate.152 7.Weshouldnotlaughat____________________(那些敢于尝试的人)nomatterhowmanyerrorstheymake.8.Ifyourcallisnottoourgent,doyoumind(让我先打)?9.Inmostcasesofarmedassaults,victimsfocustheirattentionontheguns,___________________________(而不是持枪者).10.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand_________________________(决定自己创业).11.Hewasthinandpaleandhelookedmiserable.12.Thesignificanceofamanisnotinwhatheattainedbutratherinwhathelongstoattain.13.Theboyisappreciatedbyallhisteachersforhiscarefulnessinhishomework.14.Undergroundwaterreservesaremuchlargerthanthoseonthesurface,butastheyareunseenwetendtounderestimatethem.15.Thereisnosuchathingasteachingsomeonehowtouseacomputer.Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished.♦选词填空Directions:Inthissection,therearetwopassageswithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesinawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagesthroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasewritethecorrectletterineachblank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.PassageASugarisveryimportanttoourcivilization.But____1____exactlyisit?Ofcourse,____2____ofusrecognizesugarimmediatelyasthesweetmaterialwhich____3____putincoffeeorcakes.____4____commonformofsugarisderivedfromtwoplants:thesugarcane(atypeofgrass____5____growstoaheightoftwentyfeet)andthesugarbeet(whichgrowsunderground).Butthereareinfactmanytypesofsugar,andthechemistsrecognizehundredsofdifferentvarieties,____6____comingfromadifferentsource.About90%ofsugarisproducedasfood.Only10%isusedinindustryforpurposes____7____thanfoodproduction.Yetsugarhasgreatpossibilitiesforuseasthebasisofchemicals.____8____canevenbeusedformakingplastics.Inthefuture____9____potentialuseswillcertainlybedeveloped____10____thaninthepast.AeachFotherKnoneBmostGwhatLThisCweHmoreMallDeveryItheseNsomeEItJwhichOFewPassageBThegovernmentmaycontrolpriceswhenthereisaproblem____1____asrapidlyincreasingrents(租金)orariseinthecostofliving.____2____thegovernmentcontrolsprices,thereisnolongeranormalrelationshipbetweenthepriceofaproductandthequantityconsumerswillbuy.Governmentcontrolsmayhelpinanemergency.However,____3____economistsbelievethatcontrolscanhavenegativeeffectsoveralongperiodoftime.Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrent____4____alandlordcanchargeforanapartment.Supportersofrentcontrolarguethatitprotectspeople____5____arelivinginapartments.____6____rentcannotincrease;therefore,theyarenotindangeroflosingtheirhomes.However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.Landlordsknowthat____7____cannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestin____8____businesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnew152 buildings____9____wouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuiltand____10____peoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecriticstheendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.AwhoFotherKTheirBwhichGsomeLthemCsuchHmoreMtheyDeveryIitNthatEWhenJwhichOmany参考答案第二章代词◆选择题1.B2.C3.B4.B5.A6.D7.A8.D9.C10.B11.B12.C13.D14.A15.A16.A17.D18.D19.B20.C◆改错题1.shookhead→shookhishead本题中shookhead(摇头)缺少代词,因此此动作的主语为Bill,故应改为shookhishead。2.I→me本题中介词for之后应接一个宾格,I的宾格为me。、3.whomever→whoever本题中for后面应接一个主格,做willseekit的主语,故whomever应改为whoever。4.去掉any本题考查固定词组inotherwords(换句话说)的用法。5.them→it本题考查baggage的用法。baggage(行李)为不可数名词,故应用it。6.anything→everything本句意为“是的,钱很重要,但钱不是一切”,应应将anything改为everything。7.去掉it在本句中,关系代词which做bought的宾语,故it为多余成分,应去掉。8.lookafteryou→lookafteryourself本句中“照顾好你自己”应用反身代词yourself。9.去掉all在本题中all和whole意义重复,因为all后接thing时,通常会用thing的复数形式吗,即allthethings,故此处应去掉all,保留thewholething。10.his→their在本题中,theSmiths指的是史密斯一家人,故后面的his应改为their。11.me→mine在本题中,me为第一人称代词的宾格,意为“我”,而此处需要用名词性物主代词mine,表示“我的情况(mycase)”。12.Asthiscity→asthatofthiscity在本题中,对比的是两座城市的人口问题,因population为不可数名词,故用that来指代,后接of来表示“这座城市的人口”。13.anyone→anyoneelse本句意为“他比班里其他人都高”,在anyone后面需加else,表示“其他任何人”。14.They→We/We→They在本题中,前后两句的人称不一致,任改其一即可。15.find→findit本题考查句型findit＋形容词＋todosth,故find后需接it。16.Englishteacher→myEnglishteacher在本题中,Englishteacher前需用形容词性物主代词来表示是谁的老师,因为后面说明是me,故应改为myEnglishteacher.17.it→they本句意为“我喜欢那些课,因为我感觉它们可以帮我理解世界是怎么运转的”,helped的主语thoseclasses是复数形式,故应用they来代替。18.either→neither本题考查不定代词的用法。either表示“两者中的任何一个”,根据句意可知,两个人都不愿意落后,故应将either改为neither“两者都不”。19.everything→anything本句意为“独自在一所废弃的房子,他如此地忙于研究工作发至于他根本感觉不到独孤”,考查词组anythingbut(根本不)的用法。20.another→ftheother在本题中,提到了是结果中的两种(twooftheconsequences),而两者中的另一个用theother,不用another(三者或三者以上的另一个)。PassageAS1.their→our结合整个文章,我们可以看到第一句应为”在我们的日常生活中·······”,故应将第三人称物主代词their改为第一人称物主代词our。152 S2.This→These本句中this后的单词为complaints,是复数形式,故应将指代单数的this改为指代复数的these。S3.them→they本句中them为宾格,不能做主语,故应将them改为主格they。S4.them→themselves本句意为“雇员们感到有压力,不光因为他们有可能发现自己事业了······,故此处应用反身代词themselves来表示“他们自己”。S5.Our→their本句在谈论employees,且本句前面两处地方谈到they,故第一人称的our应改为第三人称的their。S6.Some→It在本句中,some后面接的是appears,为第三人称单数形式,故主语应为表单数的词。结合上句可知,此处应用It来代替some,It指代上句中的work。S8.去掉it本句中主语pressure与后面的不定式有动宾关系,即dealwiththepressure,故it为多余的成分,应去掉。S9.us→our本句中,pressure前应为形容词性物主代词our,表示“我们的压力”,us为宾格,故应将us改为our。S10.both→all本句中,并没有指明是两种困难,故应将both改为all,,表示“全部的,所有的”。PassageBS1.herself→himself本句的后半句代词用的都是he,him和his,而且前半句的句意为“发现自己全身都僵了”,故此处的herself应改himself。S2.wastime→itwastime考查固定结构itwastimeforsbtodosth。S3.He’s→him本句中shell(壳)为名词,前面应用形容词性物主代词his来表示“他的壳”。he’s是heis或hehas的缩写。S4.both→other本句意为“·······他有可能被其他的螃蟹吃掉”,both两者”,other表示“其他的人或物”,故将both改为other。S5.These→This本句中these后面用的是fearwas···,故此处的these应改为指代单数的this。S6.which’s→what’swhich表示“哪一个,哪一些”,what表示“什么”。此处what’stherush意为“急什么啊”。S7.yourself→you本句意为“我可帮你蜕壳”。反身代词yourself意为“你自己”,此处应改为you。S8.去掉both本句意为“你的意思是,你不害怕洞里别的东西,却害怕自己的同类？”,故both为多余的成分。S9.their→my本句为上一名的回答,意为“不,我不害怕自己的同类“,故their应改为my。S10.Everything→Nothing本句考查词组nothingbut的用法。nothingbut意为“只不过”,本句的意思是“只不过怕被你吃掉”。PassageCS1.both→all本句意为”·······所有的学生都必须‘结婚’”,故both应改为all。S2.One→ones本处ones指代前面的theweddingceremonies,故应用复数形式。S3.That→Those此处的指示代词修饰后面的mockceremonies(模拟仪式),故应用复数these来修饰。S4.every→manyevery前为thereare,后为changes,故应使用修饰复数的词,every后通常接单数可数名词。S5.what→thatwhat不用引导定语从句。在此定语从句中,that指前面的changes,因其前面有不定代词修饰,故应用that。S6.Same→such本句考查suchas(像,例如)的用法。S7.去掉othereveryotherday意为“每隔一天”,而本句的意思是“·······他们每天都会遇到的问题”,故应去掉other。S8.去掉some本句意为“·······所有的考验和磨难”,故some为多余成分。S9.去掉it在此定语从句中,that指代前面的trialsandtribulations,,同时做定语从句的主语,故it为多余成分。S10.his→their在本句中,前面有divorcedmen,为复数形式,故后面应为“······他们的孩子”,改his为their。u翻译题1.Asmanytimesastheyneed2.Although(hewas)facedwithmanydifficulties3.Ittakeshermorethanonehourtogettothecompanyfromherhome4.Whatmostparentsconcern/areconcernedabout5.Whoevercomesfirst152 6.Lostistemper7.Thosewhodaretry8.ifImakeminefirst9.Ratherthanontheirusers10.Decidedtolaunchtheirownbusiness11.他瘦弱苍白,看上去一副可怜相。12.人生的意义不在于已经获取的而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。13.这个男孩因功课做得仔细认真而受到所有老师的赞赏。14.地下水的储量要比地面水大得多,但是由于看不到,所以我们往往低估了地下水的储量。15.没有什么教人如何使用电脑这种事情。你只能教人们用这个或那个程序,总体来说这容易完成。u选词填空Sentence1.G本句意为“它(糖)到底是什么？”,故应用疑问代词what。2.B本句意为“我们大多数人会直接将糖认为是我们放进咖啡或蛋糕里的一种甜的材料”,故most为最优项。3.C本句前面出现us,且根据句意,应选we。4.L此空格出现在句首,故单词的首字母应当=大写。It放在此处语法不对,Few放此处语义不对,故应选This。Thiscommonformofsugar指代上句中提到的thesweetmaterialwhichweputincoffeeorcakes。5.J此处缺失引导定语从句的关系代词,并在此定语从句中做主语,指代atypeofgrass,故应当选which。且从后半句的thesugarbeet(whichgrows···)可知这两处为并列结构,选which。6.A本句意为”但实际上糖有多种,化学家们识别出了上百种不同的种类,每一种都有不同的来源”,故选each。7.F此处考查词组otherthan(除了)的用法。8.E此空格出现在句首,故单词的首字母应大写。根据句意,应选It,指代上一句中的主语sugar。9.I上几句提到糖除了在食品方面的应用外,还提到了其在化学制品甚至塑料制品方面的用途,故此句中应用these,thesepotentialuses指代其在化学制品和塑料制品方面的应用。10.H此句中空格后面有than,前面应有表示比较级的单词,故选more。PassageB1.C此处考查suchas的用法。2.E此空格在句首,故首字母应大写。根据句意“当政府控制价格的时候······”,选故When。3.G空格后为economists(经济学家),此处应选不定代词来修饰economists,根据上下文,选some比many更为合适。4.N此处缺失引导定语从句的关系代词,因为先行词为themaximumrent,故that为最优项。5.A此处缺失引导定语从句的关系代词,因为先行词为People,空格后为areliving,故此处应选who,指人,并在定语从句中做主语。6.K此空格位于句首,故首字母应大写。备选词中所剩下的首字母大写的只有Their。句意为“他们(住在公寓里的人们)的租金不有涨······”。7.M本句缺失宾语从句的主语。前面有landlords,后面有their,故应选they。8.F根据上文可知房东知道不能涨租金以提高收益,因此他们投资于能够提高收益的别的行业,故应选other。9.B本句缺失引导定语从句的关系代词,指代前面的先行词newbuildings,并在定语从句中做主语,故应选which。10.O本句意为“因此,不再建造新的公寓大楼,需要公寓的许多人找不到任何(公寓可以租了)”,故选many。冠词♦选择题Directions:Foreachsentence,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Ifyougoby________train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget________fastone.A/;/B./;aC.the;aD.a;/2.Weleave________homeat7:00andarriveat________schoolat7:30.152 A.the;/B./;theC./;/D.the;the3.Itisoftensaidthat________teachershave________veryeasylife.A./;/B./;aC.the;/D.the;a4.________deadnolongerneedhelp.Wemustconcernwith________living.A.A;theB.A;aC./;/D.The;the5.Ican’trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft________city.Ionlyrememberitwas________Monday.A.the;theB.a;theC.a;aD.the;a6.AfterdinnerhegaveMr.Richardson________rideto________CapitalAirport.A.the;aB.a;theC./;aD./;the7.IwasinShanghaiin________springof2001.A.theB./C.aD.an8.OnMay5,2005,at________WorldTableTennisChampions,KongLinghuiandWangHaowonthegoldmedalinmen’sdouble’swith________scoreof4:1.A.a;aB./;theC.a;/D.the;a9.Hewaselected________chairmanof________neighborcommittee.A.the;theB.a;theC./;/D./;the10.Thebooktells________lifestoryofJohnSmith,wholeft________schoolandworkedforanewspaperattheageof16.A.the;theB.a;theC.the;/D.a;/11.________recentreportstatedthatthenumberofSpanishspeakersintheU.S.wouldbehigherthanthenumberofEnglishspeakersby________year2090.A.A;theB.A;/C.The;/D.The;a12.Thecakesaredelicious.He’dlikehave________thirdonebecause________secondoneisrathertoosmall.A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a13.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don’tgoto________hotel;Icanfindyou________bedinmyflat.A.the;aB.the;/C.a;theD.a;/14.TheWilsonslivein________A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis________17thcenturycottage.A.the;/B.an;theC./;theD.an;a15.Whilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescope,Newtonmade________discoverywhichcompletelychanged________man’sunderstandingofcolor.A.a;/B.a;theC./;theD.the;a16.Let’sgoandhave________drinkat________pubon________corner.A.the;the;theB.a;the;theC./;/;/D.a;/;the17.________Brownsliketoplay________basketballat________weekends.A./;the;theB.The;the;theC.The;/;theD.The;/;/18.Ifyougrowupin________largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop________abilitytogetonwellwith________others.A./;an;theB.a;the;/C.the;an;theD.a;the;the19.________Himalayasis________highestmountainin________world.A.The;the;theB./;the;theC./;the;/D.The;the;/20.What________wonderfulsnow!Let’stake________walkin________snow.A.a;a;theB.a;/;theC.the;/;theD.the;a;the♦改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof10sentencesand1passage.Ineachsentence,thereisonly1mistake.Inthepassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.Thehooksonthetablebelongtothefriendofmine.________2.I’veoftentalkedtohimonphone,butI’venevermethimfacetoface.________152 3.Mr.Smithhasbecomeaarchitectofalargecompany.________4.XiaoWangisalwaysthefirsttocomeandlasttoleave.________5.Whenheleftacollege,hegotajobasareporterinanewspaperoffice.________6.MybrotherWilliamisplanningtobethelawyeraftergraduation.________7.Tomstayedinthehospitalbecausehewasbadlyinjured.________8.ARenaissance(文艺复兴)wastheperiodoftherevivalofclassicalartandliteratureinthe14thto16thcenturies..________9.Mrs.Taylorhasa8-year-olddaughterwhohasagiftforpainting,andshehaswontwonationalprizes.________10.Theon-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansismajorconcernofthecountry.________PassageExperimentshaveprovedthatchildrencanbeinstructedinswimmingatanveryearlyage.S1.________AtthespecialswimmingpoolinLosAngeles,childrenbecomeexpertatholdingtheirS2.________breathunderwaterevenbeforetheycanwalk.ThebabiesoftwomonthsolddonotappeartoS3.________bereluctanttoenterwater.ItisnotlongbeforetheyaresoaccustomedtoswimmingthatS4.________theycanpickupweightsfromthefloorofapool.AgamethatisverypopularwiththeseS5.________youngswimmersisanunderwatertricyclerace.TricyclesarelineduponthefloorofS6.________thepoolsevenfeetunderwater.ThechildrencompeteagainsteachothertoreachotherS7.________endofthepool.Manypedaltheirtricycles,butmostofthemprefertopushordragthem.SomechildrencancoverawholelengthofthepoolwithoutcomingupS8.________forbreathevenonce.WhethertheywilleverbecomeafutureOlympicchampion,S9________onlytimewilltell.Meanwhile,theyshouldencouragethoseamonguswhocannotswimfiveyardsbeforetheyaregraspingfortheair.S10.________♦选词填空Directions:Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonearticleforeachblankfroma,an,the,and/.PassageAOneof____1____mostfamousmonumentsintheworld,theStatueofLiberty,waspresentedtotheUnitedStatesofAmericainthenineteenthcenturyby____2____peopleofFrance.Thegreatstatue,whichwasdesignedbythesculptorAugusteBartholdi,tooktenyearstocomplete.Theactualfigurewasmadeofcoppersupportedby____3____metalframeworkwhichhadbeenespeciallyconstructedbyEiffel.BeforeitcouldbetransportedtotheUnitedStates,asitehadtobefoundforitand____4____pedestalhadtobebuilt.Thesitechosenwas____5____islandattheentranceof____6____NewYorkHarbour.By1884,____7____statuewhichwas151feettallhadbeenerectedinParis.Thefollowingyear,itwastakentopiecesandsenttoAmerica.By____8____endofOctober1886,thestatuehadbeenputtogetheragainanditwasofficiallypresentedtotheAmericanpeoplebyBartholdi.Eversincethen,thegreatmonumenthasbeen____9____symboloflibertyfor____10____millionsofpeoplewhohavepassedthroughNewYorkHarbourtomaketheirhomesinAmerica.PassageBApilotnoticed____1____balloonwhichseemedtobemakingforaRoyalAirForceStationnearby.Heinformed____2____stationatonce,butnoonetherewasabletoexplain____3____mystery.Theofficerinthecontroltowerwasveryangrywhenheheardthenews,becauseballoonscanbe____4____greatdangertoaircraft.Hesaidthat____5____someonemightbespyingonthestationand____6____pilotwasorderedtokeeptrackofthestrangeobject.Thepilotmanagedtocircletheballoonforsometime.Hecouldmakeoutthreemenin____7____basketunderitandoneofthemwasholding____8____pairofbinoculars.Whentheballoonwasoverthestation,thepilotsawoneofthementakingphotographs.Soonafterwards,theballoonbegantodescendanditlandednear____9____airfield.Thepolicewerecalledin,buttheycouldnotarrestanyone,forthebasketcontainedtwoMembersofParliamentandtheCommandingOfficerofthestation!AstheCommandingOfficerexplainedlater,onehalfofthestationdidnotknowwhat____10____otherhalfwasdoing!第三章冠词152 u选择题1.B2.C3.B4.D5.D6.B7.A8.D9.D10.C11.A12.C13.A14.D15.A16.B17.D18.B19.A20.Au改错题1.thefriend→afriend这里表示“一”数量。2.Phone前面添加the此处为固定搭配。3.aarchitect→anarchitectarchitect是元音音素开头的单词。4.Last前面添加the序数词前加定冠词表示“第几”。5.College前面a去掉此处为固定搭配。6.the→a不定冠词用在可数名词的单数前表示一个或一类人或物。7.hospital前面the去掉此处为固定搭配,inhospital表示“住院”,linthehospital表示“在医院里”。8.ARenaissance→TheRenaissance“文艺复兴”属专有名词,前虚加上定冠词。9.a8-year-olddaughter→an8-year-olddaughter8是以元音音素开头的单词。10.major前面添加a这里名词前需加不定冠词,表“一”数量。PassageS1.an→avery是以辅音音素开头的单词。S2.the→a此处不是特指,而是表示“一”数量。S3.thebabies→Babies,此处不是特指。S4.Water前面添加the此处为固定搭配,表示“水面”。S5.apool→thepoolpool此处是复述上文提到的pool。S6.an→the此处是复述上文的game。S7.reach和other中间添加the此处是特指“游泳池的另一端”。S8.a→the此处是特指“游泳池的整体长度”。S9.future前面a去掉只有一个头衔的名词前通常不加冠词。S10.air前面the去掉此处不是特指以及air不可数。u选词填空PassageA1.the形容词最高级前需加定冠词。2.The此处是特指。3.a此处表示“一”数量。4.a此处表示“一”数量。5.an此处表示“一”数量,但是后面名词是以元音音素开头的island。6./固定搭配,因为前面的短语attheentranceof。7.a此处表示“某一个”。8.the固定搭配bytheendof。9.a此处表示“一”数量。10.the此处是特指。PassageB1.a此处表示“g”数量。2.the此处是复述上文提到的station。3.the此处是特指“以上的事情是个谜团”。4.a此处表示“一”数量。5./此处somecome是代词,无需前加冠词。6.the此处是复述上文提到的pilot。7.a此处表示“一”数量。8.a固定搭配apairof。9.an此处表示“一”数量,而且airfield是以元音音素开头的单词。10.the此处是特指“另一半”。形容词与副词152 Directions:Foreachsentence(1-20)therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.Foreachsentence(21-40)therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestreplaythewordunderlinedinthesentence.1.Alicehasbrains.Actually,Idoubtwhetheranyoneherehas________IQ.A.ahigherB.thehigherC.thehighestD.ahigh2.Youarestandingtoonearthescreen.You’dbettermove________.A.alittlefarB.abitfartherC.abitfarD.alittleoffarther3.HarryPotterandthePhilosopher’sStoneis________asIhaveeverseen.A.anasinterestingnovelB.asinterestinganovelC.asaninterestingparkD.asaparkinteresting4.Successdoesn’tdependsomuchonyourschoolrecord________onyourhonestyandgreatefforts.A.likeB.whereasC.asD.but5.Thegirlworeadress________largeforher.A.verymuchB.manytooC.toomuchD.muchtoo6.MaryspeaksEnglish________shewritesit.A.asbadasB.morebadlyasC.worsethanD.morebadlythan7.Thedinnerisnotready________andit________hastobecookedforanothertenminutes.A.already;stillB.still;alreadyC.still;yetD.yet;still8.Heis________than________.A.lessclever;diligentB.lessclever;morediligentC.cleverer;morediligentD.cleverer;muchdiligent9.Whenshegotherfirstmonthlysalary,Nancyboughta________dressforhermother.A.handmadenewbeautifulblackB.newbeautifulhandmadeblackC.beautifulnewblackhandmadeD.beautifulblacknewhandmade10.—Haveyoufinishedyourreport?—No,________timetodomyotherworkyet.A.IhardlyhavehadB.hardlyIhaveC.IhavehadhardlyD.Ihavehardlyhad11.Bobis________carefulthanhisbrother.Ithinktheycan’tfinishtheworkthatneedscareandskill.A.nolessB.notlessC.nomoreD.notmore12.ThemoreIreadthedetectivestory,________.A.IlikeditlessB.thelessIlikeditC.itlookedbetterD.betterIlikedit13.Themanagergaveherabetterofferthan________.A.hegaveJohnB.John’sC.thatofJohnD.thoseofJohn14.Californiahasalargerpopulationthan________inAmerica.A.allotherstateB.anyotherstateC.anystateD.anystates15.ShecanspeakFrenchverywell,butnot________anativespeaker.A.morefluentthanB.muchfluentlythanC.asfluentasD.asfluentlyas16.Lotsofpeoplethinktheuseofhandheldphoneswhiledrivingshouldbeoutlawed,andIcouldn’tagree________.A.worseB.muchC.moreD.worst17.Myfatheroftentellsmethatamanshouldaim________andneverspeak________ofhimself.A.highly;highB.high;highlyC.highly;highlyD.high;high18.Therewereabouttwohundredpeopleinthelecturehall,________women.A.atmostB.almostC.mostlyD.most19.Mostcompanieshavesufferedadropintheirprofits,________verylargecompanies.A.evenB.onlyC.justD.fairly20.Wehaven’tdecidedtotake________action.A.fartherB.morefartherC.muchfartherD.further152 21.About2.5millionpeopleareexpectedtoattendtheparadethisyearwhile44millionwillwatchitontelevisionathome.A.ProperlyB.ApproximatelyC.SufficientlyD.Considerably22.AlthoughshewasbornandbroughtupinFrance,shecanspeakSpanishverywell.A.fluentlyB.smoothlyC.fluidD.efficiently23.Ifinditalmostunbelievablethatnoonenoticedtheseerrors.A.indispensableB.inevitableC.incurableD.incredible24.TheLouvreMuseumreallylooksresplendentandsplendid.A.excellentB.tremendousC.magnificentD.marvelous25.Thoughhelooksveryfierce,heisessentiallyagoodperson.A.remarkablyB.importantlyC.basicallyD.necessarily26.Mostcomputerusershaveneverreceivedanyformalkeyboardtraining.Asaresult,theirkeyboardskillsareinefficient.A.ConsequentlyB.ConsistentlyC.ConstantlyD.Continuously27.TheaverageAmericandon’tpaylittleattentiontotheresultoflastweek’selection.A.normalB.ordinaryC.regularD.usual28.Afterathoroughsearchthelostchildwasfound.A.explosiveB.exclusiveC.exhaustedD.exhaustive29.ThenovelentitledPrideandPrejudicewaswrittenbyafamousEnglishnovelist,JaneAusten.A.aneloquentB.aneligibleC.animminentD.aneminent30.Duringawartheinterestsofourmotherlandareofthegreatestimportance,andthoseoftheindividualcomelast.A.paramountB.dominantC.predominantD.major31.Thisproblemistoocomplexforachildoftenforitneedscreativesolutions.A.difficultB.intricateC.complicatedD.elaborate32.Therewasadifficultmomentwhenhedidn’tknowwhethertoshakeherhandorgiveherahug.A.aclumsyB.anawkwardC.anembarrassedD.anabashed33.It’swisetocheckwhethertheflighttimeshavechangedbeforeyouleavefortheairport.A.sensibleB.sensitiveC.intelligentD.smart34.Toomanypeopleareaddedtothepopulationoftheworldeveryyear.A.comparativelyB.relativelyC.annuallyD.actually35.Theraininflictedseriousdamagetothecountrytransportationandtelecommunicationssystems.A.stiffB.sternC.strictD.severe36.Themothercongratulatedhersononbecominganelementary-schoolpupilaftertheentranceceremony.A.preliminaryB.primaryC.primitiveD.premier37.Thedialectisspokenmainlyintheruralareas.A.principallyB.particularlyC.especiallyD.major38.Manypeoplearguethatweshouldbananimalexperimentsentirely.A.thereforeB.alltogetherC.alwaysD.altogether39.Whenshewokeupfromhernightmare,thescaredlittlegirltriedtofindhermother.A.afraidB.frightenedC.frightfulD.fearful40.CubaisindispensableforChinainitsbidtostrengthenlinkswithLatinAmericanandCaribbeancountries.A.essentialB.influentialC.expendableD.indefensible♦改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof20sentencesand3passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistake.Ineachpassage,therearealtogether8-10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.WhilethefamilycameherefromPoland,theywerepenniless.________2.Shewasdismissedbyhermanagernotbecauseshewasinexperiencedbutbecauseshe152 wasnotenoughcareful.________3.Hehatesdishonesty,soheishardwithhischildrenwhentheytelllies.________4.Ifindrecordsareoftenwellthananactualperformance.________5.Themoreactiveyouare,thelikelyyou’llbetomeetnewpeoplethanifyouresomeonewhoneverleavestheirroom.________6.Thecommitteehadnotbrokenrules,buteitherhaditactedresponsibly.________7.Theproductofhigherpriceisthemoresuperiortotheonethatissoldataslightlylowerprice.________8.ThelatestsurveyshowsthatObama’schanceofbeingelectedU.S.PresidentisfargreaterthanMcCain.________9.Hesaysthecurrentenvironmentlawsandpoliciesaregood,andimplementationisevermoreimportant.________10.Ourcarisdrivingonthehighwayatanextremelyfastspeed.________11.Sometreesaresosensibletopollutionthattheycanonlysurviveinaperfectlycleanenvironment.________12.Itisnotsurprisedthatnewmothersoftensufferfromdepression.________13.Itisreportedthatmostofadoptedchildrenwanttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare.________14.Wefindthatyouhavepurchasedfromusasmuchtwicethefirstthreemonthsofthisyearasyoudidinthefirstthreemonthsoflastyear.________15.Theinterestratecuts,whichgoesintoeffectfromtoday,issubstantiallargerthanthepreviousthreethisyear.________16.Suchishumannaturethateveryonewilltryhisbesttoberichandrespectful.________17.Heisnomuchawriterthananengineer.________18.Themeaningofthesentenceisambitious,andIdon’tquiteunderstandit.________19.Theproposalhascausedconsideratecontroversyamongcitizens.________20.Hehassaidthattheleadersoftheworldmustdomuchmoretofeedthepoor,fightdiseaseandsupporttheinterestsofworkersmorethanthebottomlinesofcorporations.________PassageAForallthediversityofthepeoplewhoworkatWPFoods,thereisonesinglethingthatunitesusall:apassiontocreatesomethingspecialandadeterminationtobethebestinhoweverwedo.S1.________We’vebeenproducinghigh-qualityfoodsforoverthanacentury,S2.________andwetraveltotheendsoftheearthtocreatethenextgenerationoffoodsanddrinkssoastogivedelighttoourmillionsofcustomers.Andthankstoourdedicatestaff,ourmuch-lovedbrandsjustkeepS3.________gettingwell.S4.________WearenowseekingtoappointasinnovatorstomanageanumberS5.________ofnewteamsintheorganization.ApplicantsmusthavearesearchdegreeinFoodTechnologyplusatlastfouryearsindustrialexperience.S6.________Weneedpeoplewithahighlevelofteamspiritwhoshowthemselvesableofexplainingtechnicalconceptstonon-technicalpeople.S7.________ThoseappointedwillspendasignificantlyamountoftimeinothercountriesS8.________inseekingnewingredients,butwillalsohaveamajorinfluenceonchangethroughoutthebusiness.PassageBAlthoughAsianAmericansmakeuponly2.4percentoftheNation’spopulation,itconstitute17.1percentoftheundergraduatesS1.________atHarvard,18percentattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology152 and27.3percentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.WhyareAsianAmericansdoingsogood?Aretheygrinds,assomestereotypesuggest?S2.________Orcanwelearnalessonfromthemaboutvalueswehavelongtreasuredbutmayhavemisplaced—likehardwork,thefamilyandeducation?TheyoungAsians’achievementshaveledtoaseriesoffascinatedS3.________studies.PerhapsthemoredisturbingresultscomefromtheresearchS4.________carriedoutbyaUniversityofMichiganpsychologist,HaroldW.Stevenson,whohascomparedmuchthan7,000studentsinChicagoandS5.________MinneapoliswithcounterpartsinBeijing,andTaipei.Onaseriesofmathtest,theAmericansdidworseatallgradelevels.S6.________StevensonfounddifferenceinIQ.ButifdifferencesinperformanceS7.________areshowingupinkindergarten,itsuggestssomethinghappensinthefamily,everbeforethechildrengettoschool.S8.________PassageBTimespentinabookstorecanbeenjoyable,ifyouareabook-loverorSl.________merelytheretobuyabookasapresent.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindsheltersawayfromasuddenlyshower.Whateverthereasons,S2.________youcansoonbecometotallyunawareofyoursurroundings.Thedesiretopickupabookwithanattractivedustjacketisirresistible,eventhoughthismethodofselectionoughtnottobefollowed,asyoumightendupwitharatherboredbook.YousoonbecomeengrossedinS3.________somebookorother,andusuallyitisonlymuchlatterthatyourealizeS4.________youhavespentfarmuchtimethereandmustdashofftokeepS5.________someforgetappointments—withoutbuyingabook,ofcourse.S6.________Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylifeis,Ithink,themainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhereitisimpossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.S7.________Youcanwonderroundsuchplacestoyourheart’scontent.IfitisaS8.________goodshop,noassistantwillapproachtoyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:“CanIhelpyou,Sir?”Youneedn’tbuyanythingifyoudon’twant.Inabookshopanassistantshouldremaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing.Then,onlythen,arehisservicesnecessary.Ofcourse,youmaywanttofindoutwhereaparticularsectionis,sincewhenhehasledyouthere,theassistantshouldretirediscreetlyS9.________andlookasheisnotinterestedinsellingasinglebook.S10.________♦翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-10bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethesentences11-15intoChinese.1.Independentthinkingis______________________(学习所绝对必要的).2.Undergivenconditions,__________________(坏事可以变成好事).3.__________________(他们十分满足于)thedataobtainedfromtheexperiment.4.__________________(官方宣布)thatthePresidenthaddecidedtopostponehisvisittoAfrica.5.HedoeseverythingwithgreatcarebutIthink__________________________(与其说他谨慎,不如说他怯懦).6.__________________(她渴望)tomeetthefamouswriterinperson.7.__________________(几千朵美丽的红玫瑰)thatblossomalmostatthesametimemaketheparkthegreatresortofpeopleinspring.8.__________________(他刚到家)whenitstartedraining.9.Employersbyandlargeare__________________(抵制这项政策的).10.__________________(他每年去北京一次)broughthimintocontactwithmanywell-knownmusiciansofour152 country.11.Wearebuildingaschoolforthedeafandthedumb.12.Wehaveanothergoodharvestofricethisyearwhichis10%morethanlastyear.13.Onlyawomaniscapableofstandinginfrontofawardrobepackedfullofclothesandannouncingsadlythatshehasnothingtowear.14.Infact,wehavequiteasmuchtolearnfromthemastheyfromus,butthereisfarlesschanceofourlearningit.15.Thiswillbeparticularlytruesincetheshortageofenergywillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.♦选词填空Directions:Completeeachsentence(1-10)byfillingineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninthebrockets.Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Sentence1.Mostofthepublicschoolsaretoocrowded;thisoneis________(crowded)ofall.2.Theinstructionsofhisteacherlefta________(last)impressiononhismind.Heisstillinfluencedbythem.3.Duetoour________(vigor)advertisingcampaign,thesalesfigureforournewproducthasreached360,000dollarsthismonth,threetimesofouroriginalpromotionplan.4.Countrymusicisablendofpopularmusicalforms________(origin)foundintheSouthernUnitedStates.5.Scientistshavedonecountlessexperimentstoshowthatpraiseis________(effective)thancriticisminimprovinghumanbehavior.6.TheysayBenisunfriendly,butIthinkheis________(shy)thanunfriendly.7.1940wasaveryhardtimeforthewholenation;peoplewerefightingtosurvivethelengthywarandwere________(anxiety)anticipatingtheendofit.8.Itis________(enormous)encouragingtobelievethatbychangingdiet,youcanimprovehealthinanimalsandpossiblyhumans.9.Heisrememberedbymanynotonlyasagreatscholarbutalsoasamostfaithfuland________(delight)friend.10.Thegovernment’sstanceofreininginenergy-________(intensity)andheavilypollutingenterpriseswouldnotchangeandthetradepolicywouldremainstable.PassagePovertyexistsbecauseoursocietyisan____1____one,andtherearepowerfulpoliticalpressurestokeepitthatway.AnyattempttoredistributewealthandincomeintheUnitedStateswillinevitablybeopposedbypowerfulmiddleand____2____classinterests.Peoplecanberelativelyrichonlyifothersarerelativelypoor,andaspoweris____3____inthehandsoftherich,publicpoliciesreflecttheirinterests____4____thanthoseofthepoor.AsMr.HerbertGanshaspointedout,povertyisactuallyfunctionalfromthepointofviewofthenon-poor.Povertyensuresthatdirtyworkgets____5____.Iftherewerenopoorpeopletoscrubfloorsandemptybedpans,thesejobswouldhavetobe____6____withhighincomesbeforeanyonewouldtouchthem.Povertycreatesjobsformanyofthenon-poor,suchaspoliceofficers,welfareworkers,andgovernmentbureaucrats.Povertymakeslife____7____fortherichbyprovidingthemwithcooks,gardeners,andotherworkerstoperformbasicchoreswhiletheiremployersenjoymorepleasurableactivities.Povertyprovidesamarketfor____8____goodsandservice,suchasstalebread,oldautomobiles,ortheadviceof____9____physiciansandlawyers.Povertyalsoprovidesagroupthatcanbemadetoabsorbthecostsofchange.ItisjustthatpovertyisaninevitableoutcomeoftheAmericaneconomicsystem,whichthepoorarepolitically____10____toinfluenceorchange.ArewardedFeasierKhigh152 BmainlyGunequalLdoneCdifficultHpleasantMupperDratherIcompetentNmoreEpowerlessJincompetentOinferior参考答案第四章形容词和副词♦选择题1.A2.B3.B4.C5.D6.C7.D8.A9.C10.D11.C12.B13.A14.B15.D16.C17.B18.C19.A20.D21.B22.A23.D24.C25.C26.A27.B28.D29.D30.A31.C32.B33.A34.C35.D36.B37.A38.D39.B40.A♦改错题1.While→When本句意为“当家人从波兰这里,他们身无分文。”when,while这两个词都有“当时候”之意,可以引导时间状语从句。when引导的从句与主句动作先后发生时,不能与while互换,所以when引导的从句多数情况下用的是一般过去时。while引导的从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思是:当一事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何。所以,while引导的从句一般用的是进行时。2.enoughcareful→carefulenough本句意为“她被经理解雇了,不是因为她缺少经验,而是由于她不够细心。”enough作副词,可以修饰动词、形容词和副同,但必须后置。3.hard→strict本句意为“他很讨厌不诚实,因此当他的孩子们说谎的时候,他很严厉。”strict指“要求严格的,严厉的”,而hard是指“坚硬的,困难的,艰苦的,艰难的”。4.well→better本句意为“我发现纪录往往比实际表现要好。”本句中be动词后,需要形容词作表语,并且表示比较,要用比较级better。bebetterthan,“比……更好”,而well是副词。5.likely前面添加more本题考查themore(active)...themore(likely)的比较结构。本句意为“比起你一直呆在房间里,你越积极活跃的话,就越有可能结识新的朋友。”6.either→neither本句意为“委员会没有违反规则,但也没有负责任。”either用作副词,用于两个否定式之后,作“也(不)”解释。neither通常用在句子(或简略答语)的开头,表示“也不”,用于主语前面的情态动词或助动词之前。如:Idon’tspeakFrench.Shedoesn’t,either.(=NeitherInorshespeaksFrench.)我不会讲法语,她也不会讲法语。再如:Ifshewon’tgo,neithershallI.(=Ifshewon’tgo,Iwon’t,either.)要是她不去,我也不去。7.themore去掉本句意为“售价高的产品比售价稍低的产品要更好。”形容洞superior(tosh/sht)本身就指better,stronger,ectthansb/sthelse(比……好的,强的,比……更胜一筹),有比较级的含义,前面不需要再加more,superior表示比较,后面不跟than,而用to。8.McCain→McCain’s本句意为“最新的民意调查显示奥巴马当选总统的机会远远高于麦凯恩。”连词than应连接两个对等的词和对等的结构,两边的语法形式应该一致,比较的是“奥巴马当选的机会”和“麦凯恩当选的机会”。9-em→even本句意为“他说,目前环境方面的法律和政策很完善,而法律政策的贯彻实施更为重要。”even可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示“(比……)更加……”。ever表示“曾经”用于疑问句或否定句,动词用现在完成时或过去时。10.fast→high本句意为“我们的汽车正在公路上高速行驶”。Fast尽管有“快的,迅速的”的意思,但表示“高速”,通常用形容词high(highspeed),high意为“abovethenormal,extreme,intense(超乎寻常的,极度的,强烈的)”。11.sensible→sensitive本句意为“有的树对污染太敏感,它们只能在非常干净的环境中才能生存。”sensitive,“敏感的,灵敏的,易受伤害的”;sensible,,“合理的”。12.suiprised→surprising本句意为“刚当上妈妈的人常常会精神抑郁,这并不让人惊讶。”surprised和surprising都是从动词surprise变来的两个形容词,但其用法区别在于surprised有被动意味,表示“对……感到惊奇”,主语习惯上是人,且其后多接介词at;surprising有主动意味,指“使人惊奇的”,作表语时主语习惯上是事。13.mostof→(去掉of)/mostofthe本句意为“据报道,大多数被领养的儿童都想知道他们亲生父母是谁。”most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数),同时,也可接有形容词修饰的名词。如:Mostboyslikeplayingfootball.如果是有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰的名词,前面要用mostof,不能用most,如:NowIcanunderstandmostofthelessons.或Ispentmostofmytimelearningtoplaypianolastyear.本句中adaptedchildren前没有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰,所以用most而不是most|of。如果用mostof,名词前加the。152 14.asmuchtwice→twiceasmuch本句意为“我们注意到,今年头三个月,您已经从我们这里购买了相当于去年头三个月两倍的商品。”本题考查英文中“倍数+as...as…”来表达倍数的方法。15.substantial→substantially本句意为“本次降息从今天开始,要大大超过今天的前三次的下降幅度。”根据句子结构,需要副词修饰形容词比较级larger。substantially,“可观地,大量地”,substantial是其形容词形式。16.respectftil→respectable本句意为“人人都竭力想要变得富有,受人尊重,这是人的本性。”respectable,“体面的,有身份的,值得尊敬的”;respectful,“恭敬的,表示尊重或尊重的”,如:berespectfulofotherpeople’sopinions,“尊重他人的意见”。17.much→more本句意为“他既不是作家,也不是工程师。”本句考查nomore…than的用法,表示对两者都否定,意为“同…一样不”。18.ambitious→ambiguous本句意为“这句话的意思含混不清,我不太能理解。”ambiguous,“模棱两可的,含混不清的,不明确的”;ambitious,“有野心的,有雄心的”。19.considerate→considerable本句意为“这项提议在市民当中引起了很大的争论。”considerable,“相当多的,相当大的”;considerate,“考虑周到的,为他人着想的,体谅的”。20.morethan→ratherthan本句意为“他说,世界上的领导们必须致力于改善贫困人群的生活,抵御疾病,以及维护工人阶级而不是企业的利益。”ratherthan用作连词,意为“而不”、“不是……(而是)”、“与其……(不如)”;morethan+名词表示“不仅仅是”,如:Jasonismorethanateacher;heisawriter,too.“Jason不仅仅是位老师,他也是位作家。”passageAS1.however→whatever本句是说:由—样东西把我们团结在一起,那就是想要创新的热情,以及无论做什么都要做到最好的决心。whatever指“无论什么,不管什么”,可以引导名词性从句作bebestin的宾语。S2.over→more或者把than去掉,此处要表达的意思是:一个多世纪以来我们一直在生产高品质的食物。表示“超过”,要么用介词over,要么用morethan。S3.dedicate→dedicateddedicated,形容词,意为“专用的,为某种特殊目的而设计的”;dedicate,动词,意为“将(自己、时间、精力)奉献给”,dedicateoneself/sthtosth。本句意思是:因为我们专门化的产品,我们倍受喜欢的品牌变得越来越好。这里用形容词dedicated。S4.well→better根据本句意思,这里指变得更好,动词get,意为“达到某种状态或情况,变得”,后面要跟形容词better。S5.把as去掉这句是说:我们现在要聘任一些创新者来管理一些新的团队。appoint,动词,“任命,委任”,后面直接跟宾语innovators,把as去掉。S6.last→leastatleast,“至少”;atlast,“最后,终于”。这句是说:申请者必须有食品工业方面的硕士学位,并有至少四年这方面的工作经历。所以把last改成least。S7.able→capable本题考查becapableof的搭配,指“能够,有能力的”,而able之后接动词不定式。这句是说:我们需要有很强团队精神的人,能够向非技术人员介绍技术上的概念。S8.significantly→significant本句需要形容词修饰名词amount,ssignificantamountoftime,“大量时间”。PassageBS1.it→they根据前半句主语AsianAmericans,后半句主语应是复数they。这句是说:尽管亚裔美国人仅占美国总人口的2.4%,但是他们却占哈佛大学本科生人数的17.1%,麻省理工学院的18%,加州大学伯克利分校的27.3%。S2.good→well这里需要副词去修饰动词doing,所以把形容词good改成well。S3.fascinated→fascinatingfascinating,extremelyinteresting,“极有趣的,有吸引力的,迷人的”;veryinterestedin,“入迷的,极感兴趣的”,常用于befascinatedby,指“对着迷的”。本句是说:年轻亚洲人的成就引发了一系列很有趣的研究。S4.more→most根据上文,本句是说(在这一系列研究中)最让人不安的研究结果来自于由密歇根大学心理学家哈罗德·W·斯蒂文森开展的研究,他将超过7000名来自芝加哥和明尼阿波利斯市的学生与北京、台北的学生进行了比较。所以将more改成most。S5.much→more根据本句意思,这里指超过7000名学生,morethan,“多于,超过”,把much改成more。S6.worse→worst本句比较的是allgradelevels,是在某一范围内,要用最髙级worst,本句意为:在一组数学测试中,在所有的年级中,美国学生的表现最差。worse是bad的比较级,是两者之间的比较。S7.在difference前面添加no152 根据下文转折的意思:但是如果在幼儿园时期成绩上就有差异,这就说明可能是家庭教育上有差别,这甚至是在孩子上学之前就存在了。由此可知,这句是说学生们成绩上的差异与智力无关,在智力上并其实没有差异,而主要是家庭原因。S8.ever~→even根据上一题,这里是“甚至”的意思,用副词even,用以加强出乎意料的语气。副词ever表示“曾经”,常用于疑问句或否定句。PassageCS1.if→whether这里考查的是whether…or...的结构,“不管……还是……”。本句是说:不管你是个爱读书的人还是仅仅是去买本书作为礼物,在书店的时光是很令人愉快的。S2.suddenly→sudden根据本句,前面是不定冠词a,后面是名词shower,所以是需要形容词sudden来修饰名词。本句意为:你甚至可能走进书店仅仅是为了躲避突如其来的阵雨。S3.bored→boring.aboringbook,“一本无聊的书”。boring,“没趣的,令人厌倦的”,是指某物让他人感到无聊;bored,“(对某人/事物)厌倦的;厌烦的”。本句是说:有时忍不住想要挑选一本封面很吸引人的书,虽然这种挑选书籍的方法并不可取,因为你有可能因此选到的是一本很无趣的书。S4.latter→later本题考查形容词的用法。later,“后来的,较晚的,以后的”;latter,(刚提及的两者中)后者的”。本句是说:(你很快专注于某本书,通常要很久之后你才意识到你已经在书店待了太久,必须匆忙赶赴被忘了的约会。S5.在far前面添加too根据本句意思,这里是指花费了太多时间,表示“太多的”,用toomuch。S6.forget→forgotten根据本句意思,这里需要形容词修饰名词appointments,指“被忘了的约会”,将forget改成forgotten,是过去分词作形容词“被遗忘的”。S7.impossible→possible根据上一句的意思:我想,能够逃离每日的现实生活是书店最主要的吸引力所在。后一句应该是说:没有很多地方有可能做到这一点。把impossible改成possible。S8.wonder→wander本题考查动词辨析。wander,“漫游,游荡,闲逛,徘徊”,wonder,“想知道,想弄明白”。这句是说:你可以尽情地在店里闲逛。S9.since→but上文说到在书店中,当你浏览书籍的时候店员不会打扰你。本句前半句是说:你可能会想知道某一类书籍在店内那个区域;后半句是说:当店员指引里过去后,他又会退到一旁,看起来好像是对卖书并不感兴趣。由此可知前后是转折关系,用but。S10.在as后添加if根据上一题可知,这里表示:似乎,好像,用asif。♦翻译题1.anabsolutenecessityinstudy2.theharmfulcanbetransformedintothebeneficial3.Theyarequitecontentwith4.Itwasofficiallyannounced5.heismoretimidthancautious6.Sheiseager7.Thousandsofred,beautifulroses8.Hardlyhadhearrivedhome或Hehadhardlyarrivedhome9.resistanttothepolicy10.HisannualvisitstoBeijing11.我们正在盖一所聋哑学校。12.今年我们的水稻又丰收了,比去年多收百分之十。13.只有女人才会站在装满衣服的衣柜前哀叹无衣可穿。14.实际上,我们有许多东西要学他们,就像他们有许多东西要学我们一样,只不过我们跟他们学的机会少得多罢了。15.这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏将会使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕作方式继续下去了——美国的这种耕作方式是以少量农民劳力的投入获得作物的高产。♦选词填空Sentence1.themoatcrowded本句意为:大多数公立学校都非常拥挤,这一所是其中人数最多的。这里需要crowded的最高级。2.lasting空格前是不定冠词a,后面是名词impression,152 所以空格处要用形容词。这里是说:老师的教导给他留下了永久的印象。这里用lasting,指“持续的,持久的”。3.vigorous空格处需要名词vigor的形容词形式,修饰名词短语advertisingcampaign,vigorous,“充满活力的,精力充沛的”。本句意为:由于我们大力的广告宣传活动,这个月新产品的销售数字已经达到36万美元,这是我们原本促销计划预期的三倍。4.originally根据本句结构,foundintheSouthernUnitedStates是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰,进一步说明countrymusic,空格处需要副词修饰动词found。originally,“起初地,原来地”。本句意为:乡村医院是多种流行音乐形式的融合,最初出现在美国南部。5.moreeffective空格后的than表明这里前后是进行比较,用effective的比较级。本意为:科学家们已经通过无数的实验表明比起批评,表扬更加能够有效地改善人们的行为。6.moreshy本题考查more...than...这一比较结构的用法,表示“与其……不如”,“更多……而不是”。本句意为:他们说Ben不太友好,但我认为与其说他不友好,其实他是比较害羞。7.anxiously本句空格前是be动词were,后面是现在分词anticipating,这是过去进行时,因此空格需要副同修饰动词anticipating。anxiously,“焦急地,优虑地”。本句意为:1940年对整个国家来说都非常艰难。人们在漫长的战争中苟且偷生,焦急地期盼着战争结束。8.enormously根据句子结构,空格处需要副词去修饰形容词encouraging。enormously,“非常地,极其地,巨大地”本句意为:让人深受鼓舞的是,通过改变饮食,可以改善动物健康,也有可能改善人类健康9.delightful空格处需要形容词和前面faithful并列,修饰后面名词friend。delightful,“使人快乐的,令人偷快的”。本句意为:他被很多人记住,不仅仅是个著名的学者,还是一位最忠诚的,最让人愉快的朋友。10.intensive根据句子结构,空格处需要形容词和后面的形容词短语heavilypoluting并列,去修饰名词enterprises。energy-intensive,“”本句意为:政府要严格控制能源密集型和重度污染企业的态度不会改变,贸易政策将保持稳定。Passage[单词分类及含义]形容词:A)rewarded得到奖赏的,得到报答的/也是reward的过去分词;C)difficult困难的,费力的;E)Powerless无影响力的,无权力的,没有能力的;F)更容易的,更不费力的,比较级;G)unequal不平等的,不均衡的;H)pleasant令人愉快的,友好的,和善的:I)competent有能力的,足以胜任的;J)incompetent无能力,不胜任的,不称职的;K)high髙的;L)done结束的,熟了的:M)upper上面的,上层的;N)more更多的,更大的;副词:B)mainly主要地.总体上;D)rather相当,更准确地说;K)high在高处,向高处;N)more(程度上)更强,更多;O)inferior较差的,级别低的实用大学英语语法讲座与测试1.G空格前是不定冠词a,后面是代词one,故应填入形容词。本句意为:贫穷存在是因为我们的社会是不公平的,强大的政治压力导致这一情况。2.Mmiddleandupperclass,“中产阶级和上等阶层”。本句意为:在美国,任何想要重新分配财富和收人的做法都会受到强大的中上层阶级的反对。3.B空格前是系动词is,后面是介词短语inthehandsiftherich,句子结构已完整,所以这里需要副词,修饰介词短语。本句意为:只有别人相对贫穷,才显得另一些人相对富有。因为权力主要掌握在富人手中,所以公共政策反映的是富人而不是穷人的利益。4.Dratherthan,固定用法,“而不是”5.L空格前是系动词get,后面需要形容词。本句意为:贫穷确保了一些苦活有人做。6.A空格处和前面构成havetobedone的结构,所以需要过去分词。本句意为:如果没有穷人去擦洗地板,去清空便盆,那么这些工作就不得不花更高的价钱让人来做。7.Fmake用作使役动词表示“使;使成为”时,可跟复合结构,即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”,其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。本句意为:贫穷让穷人们去做了厨师,园丁,和其他的一些苦差事,使富人雇主们的生栝更加容易,享受到更愉快的生活。8.O空格处需要形容词修饰goodsandservices。本句意为:贫穷为较差的商品和服务提供了市场,比如不新鲜的面包,旧汽车,或是不称职的医生和律师。9.J根据上一题inferiorgoodsandservices,这里指不称职的医生和律师的建议。10.E空格前是系动词are和副词politically,因此这里需要形容词。本句意为:贫穷是美国经济体制的必然产物,穷人无法在政治上产生影响和改变。152 介词选择题Directions:ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentences.1.Thedogseemedsuspicious_____strangers.A.withB.atC.onD.of2.Sheisveryparticular_____theyewellery.A.aboutB.atC.inD.on3.Heisusuallyquitebusy_____Mondaymorning.A.inB.onC.atD.by4.You’dbetterwait_____9’oclock,whenthebookstoreopens.A.byB.fromC.untilD.before5.It’sreallyinterestingthatyourcoatisidentical_____mine.A.inB.forC.toD.on6.Sheearnsherliving_____sellingnewspaper.A.byB.inC.throughD.with7.Theirperformancewasfarsuperior_____thatofotherteams.A.atB.byC.withD.to8.Mynewhouseisconvenient_____theshops.A.atB.forC.toD.in9.Much_____everyone’ssurprise,theygotmarried.A.atB.ofC.inD.to10.Infacthisfamiliarity_____Chinesehistorywasprettylimited.A.inB.forC.withD.on11._____hismucheffort,hestillfailedintheexamination.A.AlthoughB.ThoughC.DespiteD.With12.Religiousorganizationsareexempt_____taxation.A.aboutB.fromC.inD.on13.OnitsflighttoNewYork,theplanewillfly_____severalcities.A.aboveB.upC.overD.on14.Beingtaughtinasmallgroupisfarpreferable_____beinginalarge,noisyclassroom.A.withB.inC.forD.to15.Thetruckcrashedintothetrain,andthedriverwasseriouslyinjured_____thespot.A.atB.onC.byD.to16.SinceTimisillthecoachhastofindasubstitute_____him.A.forB.withC.toD.on17._____arrivalattheairportshefoundthattheplanehadtakenoff.A.InB.AtC.ToD.On18.Full-timeemployeesareentitled_____receivehealthinsurance.A.forB.toC.withD.in19.Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto,regardless_____thecolorofhisskin.A.toB.forC.ofD.in20.Thedisapproval_____myfriendsquenchedmyenthusiasmfortheplan.A.inB.ofC.withD.to21.Theyarestilldealing_____problemsresulting_____errorsmadeinthepast.A.for;fromB.with;inC.for;inD.with;from22.Ididn’twanttogivehimthesatisfaction_____seeinghowdepressedIwas.A.ofB.inC.onD.with23.IspendmostofmytimeonstudyandfinallyIpassedtheexam_____ease.152 A.atB.byC.withD.on24.Youareallowed30minutestowriteacampaignspeechinsupport_____yourelectiontothepostofchairmanoftheStudents’Union.A.ofB.forC.toD.with25.Sorry,strawberriesare_____seasonnow.Butwehavesomegoodoranges.A.inB.ofC.outofD.at26.Childrenwasalso_____highriskofdevelopingthedisease.A.inB.atC.onD.of27.Mindyou!Don’tspillwine_____mybesttablecloth.A.inB.aboveC.atD.over28.Inwinter,thetemperaturesremained10centigrade_____freezing.A.beneathB.downC.underD.below29.ThepresidentoftheStudent’sUnionwillbechosenbythestudentsfromthemselves.A.betweenB.amongC.withinD.to30.Hesignedhisnameonthecontract_____twowitnesses.A.inthepresenceofB.atthepresenceofC.inthefaceofD.atthefaceof31.Hehasnothingtodowiththerobbery.Heisnot_____it.A.relatedinB.concernedonC.involvedinD.concernedwith32.Thefailureis_____afreshblowtohim.A.outofquestionB.outofquestionC.withoutthequestionD.withoutquestions33._____herleadership,thenewspaper’scirculationdoubledinlessthantwoyears.A.UnderB.InC.AtD.Below34.Itwasn’tanaccident.Hedidit_____.A.onoccasionB.onconditionC.onintentionD.onpurpose35.I’mbusy_____,butI’llcallherlater.A.forthemomentB.inamomentC.atthemomentD.onamoment36.Therewasaheavyrain_____thenight,anditsnowed_____fourorfivehours.A.in;duringB.during;forC.on;duringD.during;at37.Thedayofpeacewillcome.Anduntilitdoes,weaskalovingGodto_____ourtroopsinbattle.A.carryoverB.takeoverC.lookoverD.watchover38.Idon’twantto_____hisbadtemper.A.comeupwithB.keepupwithC.lookoverD.watchover39.Ididn’tknowyouwantedtokeephisletter.I’ve_____andthrownitaway.A.tornitupB.brokenitupC.pulleditupD.cleareditup40.Thescientificworkerattemptstoformulatetheseproblemsinaccuratetermsandtsolvethem_____alltherelevantfactscanbecollectedbyobservationandexperiment.改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof20sentencesand3passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistakes.Ineachpassage,therearealtogether8-10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.Nobodybesideshimthinksthatatripbybusisexciting.________2.Thereisatelephoneboothtothecornerofthestreet.________3.Iwillgraduatefromtheuniversityforthreeyears.________4.Iwasimpressedfromthebeginningbyherlifelongdevotiononteaching.________5.Youhavetobepatienttoyourfather;heisgoingratherdeaf.________6.Theintroductionofnewadvancedtechniquesinthefactoryisunderthediscussiontoday.________7.Mysisterdidcomebytoanoldbookyesterday.________152 8.IwascaughtinatrafficjamandatthetimeIreachedtheairport,theplanehadalreadytakenoff.________9.Heleftaletterformetoreadontheeventofhisdeath.________10.Ifeelreallyguiltyofforgettingherbirthdayagain.________11.Internationalcompaniesarealltoooftenblindinlocalneeds.________12.Mostofthegrasshadalreadybeenwornoutbythespectators.________13.Shewastakingdrugsandtryingtoconcealittome.________14.Onaccountthequickeningpaceoflife,competitiongoesincreasinglyfierceinallwalksoflife.________15.Yourcompositionisgoodexceptafewspellingmistakes.________16.ThecelebrationwastraditionallyhighlightedwithreligiousceremonygiveninhonorforHeavenandEarth.________17.Manyscholarsarecriticalatthegovernment’seconomicpolicies.________18.Hewasverysensibletothedifficultsituationshewasin.________19.Inmyschools,studentsdon’thavesufficientaccessinthelibrary.________20.TheU.N.meetingisexpectedtocomeupaplanofemergencymeasurestosolvetheimmediateglobalfoodcrisis.________PassageATrainingisnotacost.It’saninvestment.Itreallydoesn’tmatterwhatwepaytoaninvestment.WhatisrelevantiswhatS1________wegetonreturn.Oneoftheeasiestwaystoputanorganization’sS2________futureonriskwouldbetoviewtrainingprimarilyasacost,andS3________thereforeprovidesubstandardtrainingthatoperatesonlyasatemporarysolution.ManycompaniesattemptforquantifytheresultsS4________oftraining.Forexample,apersonpaid$50,000ayearwhowastesjustonehouradaycoststheorganization$6,250peryear.Soiftheorganizationsends25peoplefortrainingandtheyallreceivethesamebenefit,thiswouldequalfrom$156,250savingsperyear.S5________Afewofyearsago,training,apartfromshowingemployeesS6________thebasicsofdoingthejob,wasanoptionalextraformostorganizations.Todaythisisnolongerthanthecase.IfwecontinuedoingwhatS7________wedointhesameway,mostofusandourorganizationswillbecomeobsoletewithinfiveyears.ThisisbecauseofourcompetitorsS8________arehelpingtheirstafftobecomemoreeffectivethroughtraining.Theyunderstandthattherealpriceofnottrainingisthecompanyfallingbehindasaresult.PassageBPeopleoftendreaminlivinginaperfectplacewherenoS1________onewouldbepoor,andeveryonewouldbeconsiderableofS2________everyoneelse.Suchaplace,however,istoogoodatbetrue:S3________suchaplaceisnowhere,andthat’swhattheword“Utopia”means.ItismadeuptwoGreekwordsmeaning“notaplace”.S4________ThewordwasfirstusedbyThomasMore,asixteenthcenturyEnglishwriterwhosebookUtopia,publishedin1516,describedaperfectislandcountry.More’sideafortalecameS5________fromPlato.Plato’sTheRepublicdescribedwhatwouldbeaperfectstate.EarlylegendstoldaperfectplaceexistingS6________somewhereintheAtlantic.TheselegendswerenolongerbelievedwhentheexplorationsofAmericansbegan,butafterMore’s152 timeitbecamecommonforwriterstoimaginetheseplaces.Utopia,ifiseffected,wouldnotsuddenlymakeeverythingS7________perfectbecausepeopleareofnatureimperfect.S8________PassageCMorepeopledieofftuberculosis(结核病)thanofanyotherdiseaseS1________causedbyasingleagent.Thishasprobablybeenthecaseinquiteawhile.Duringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,perhapsS2________oneofeverysevendeathsinEurope"scrowdedcitieswasS3________causedbythedisease.Fromnowon,though,westerneyes,S4________missingtheglobalpicture,sawthetroublegoinginadecline.S5________Withoccasionalbreaksforwar,theratesofdeathandinfectioninEuropeandAmericadroppedsteadilythroughthe19thand20thcenturies.Inthe1950s,theintroductionofantibiotics(抗菌素)strengthenedthetrendinrichcountries,andtheantibioticswereallowedtobeimportedtopoorcountries.MedicalresearchersdeclaredS6________victoryandwithdrew.Theywerewrong.Inthemid-1980sthefrequencyofinfectionsanddeathsstartedtopickoutagainS7________aroundtheworld.Wheretuberculosishadvanished,itcameback;inmanyplaceswhereithadneverbeenaway,itgrewbetter.TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthatS8________1.7billionpeople(athirdoftheearth’spopulation)sufferofS9________tuberculosis.Evenwhentheinfectionratewasfalling,populationgrowthkeptthenumberofclinicalcasesmoreorlessconstantlyS10________at8millionayear.Around3millionofthosepeopledied,nearlyalloftheminpoorcountries.翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-10bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethesentences11-15intoChinese.1.________________________________________(他的确非常喜欢)cyclinginsummer.2.Pleasefillintheform________________________(用黑墨水).3.________________________________(你忌妒人家是不明智的)andtospeakevilofothers.4.Shehasgotajoband________________________(终于摆脱了救济).5.Theyoungman________________________(渴望成功).6.________________(我不知道)whattheyintendtodo.7.Youcan’timaginehowangryhisfatherwas_____________(听到那个消息时).8._____________(你知道)howpeoplewillregardsuchbehavior?9._____________(她完全没有察觉)thefaultsofherchildren.10.Doctorsareworkingfor_____________(解除病痛).11.Freefromanxietyandpressure,heledaveryhappylife.12.Mostpeopleareagainsttheproposal.13.Thenewmuseumisupandopenstothepublic.14.Shortlyaftertheirarrivalatthehotel,theFrenchpartyjoinedtheirAmericanhostsforasumptuousfeast.15.Noonewhoisdependentonanythingoutsidehimself,uponmoney,power,fameorwhatever,isorevercanbesecure.Onlyhewhopossesseshimselfandiscontentwithhimselfisactuallysecure.152 ◆选词填空Directions:Completeeachsentence(1-10)byfillingineachblankwithaproperpreposition.Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninwordbankfollowingthepassage.Sentence1.Shewasillforaweek,andthatweeksheatenothing.2.Theadventurethatstaredearlythemorningfinallycameanend.3.Younganimalsoonbecomeindependenttheirmothers.4.heoverwhelmingpressurethisexammaymakesomestudentsdoubtfultheirchancestopassit.5.Theriskofcancerincreasesthenumberofcigarettesyousmoke.6.Iwouldlikeremindyouthatsmokingisabadhabitandequivalentcommittingsuicide.7.whatIknowofhim,Ithinkheisasuitablepersontheposition.8.Hesaidtheguidelineswereastepintherightdirection,asitwouldenhancethepublic’sdomesticviolence.9.Howmanyofuscanhonestlysaythatwehavenotfeltalittleenvioustheirsimplewayoflife?10.Evengettingmarriedone’slateteensisnotusuallyencouragedbecausemarriedlifeislikelyinterfereayoungwoman’seducationandconsequentlyrestrictopportunitiesinlaterlife.PassageChangesinthewaypeoplelivebringchangesinthejobsthattheydo.Moreandmorepeopleliveintownsandcitiesinsteadfarmsandvillages.Citiesandstateshavetoprovideservicescitypeoplewant,suchmorepoliceprotection,morehospitals,andmoreschools.Thismeansthatmorepolicemen,morenursesandtechnicians,andmoreteachersmustbehired.intechnologyhavealsochangedpeople’slives.Dishwashersandwashingmachinesdojobsthatwereoncedonehand.theuseofsuchelectricalappliancesmeansthatthereisaneedforservicementothemrunningproperly.Peopleareearninghigherwagesandsalaries.Thiscauseschangesinthewayoflife.Asincomegoes,peoplemaynorwantmorefoodeatormoreclothestowear.Buttheymawantmoreandbettercarefromdoctors,dentistsandhospitals.Theyarelikelytotravelmoreandtowantmoreeducation.Therefore,maymorejobsareintheseservices.Thegovernmentalsoaffectsthekindofjobspeopledo.Thegovernmentsofmostcountriesspendhugesumsofmoneyfordefense.Theyhirethousandsofengineers,scientists,clerks,typistsandsecretariestoworkonthemanydifferentaspectsofdefense.AwidespreadFputKavailableBdownGofLbyCasHoutMkeepDinternationalIAdvancesNonEupJnationalOabout第五章介词♦选择题1.D2.A3.B4.C5.C6.A7.D8.B9.D10.C11.C12.B13.C14.D15.B16.A17.D18.B19.C20.B21.D22.A24.A25.C26.B27.D28.D29.B30.A31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C36.B37.D38.C39.A40.B♦改错题152 1.besides→except考查besides和except的区别。本句意为“除了他,没有人认为乘坐公共汽车的旅行是让人兴奋的。”besides表示“除了……还有……”的意思,表示包含在内;except仅表示“除了……之外,(没有……)”,表示排除在外。2.to→at/on固定搭配,at/onthecorner,“在角落,在拐角处”。本句意为“在街角处个电话亭。”3.for→in包含介词in的表示时间的介词短语可以表示“在一段时间以后”;for表示“达……之久(表示过了多少时间)”,强调时间的长度(某事持续多久),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时連用,但经常和完成时连用。本句是将来时,意为“我三年后将从大学毕业。”。4.on→to固定搭配,名词devotion后面要跟价词to,“对……的奉献,献身,挚爱”。本句意为“一开始,我对她全心投入教学的态度留下了深刻的印象。”5bepatientto→bepatientwith,固定搭配,bepatientwith,“对……有耐心”。本句意为“你对你父亲得有耐心,他的耳朵越来越背了。”6.underthediscuss→把the去牛,固定搭配,underdiscussion,“在讨论中”。本句意为“今天正在讨论关于工厂引进新的先进技术的问题。”7.把to去掉固定搭配,comeby(sth),“得到某事物(通常靠努务);也可以指偶然获得某事物”本句意为“我姐姐昨天确实得到了一本旧书。”8.at→byby表示“到某一时刻为止”,强调时间的期限,句中的动词常用表示“完成、终了”等意思的动词;而at表示在时间的具体一点,如:atmidnight(在午夜),atnoon(在正午)。本句意为“我遇到了堵车,当我到达机场的时候”,飞机已经起飞了。“9.on→in固定搭配,intheeventof,“万一,如果……发生”。本句意为“以防他突然去世,他之前给我留了一封信。”10.of→at/about固定搭配,beguiltyat/about,“对……感到内疚,惭愧的”。本句意为“又把她的生日忘了,我感到很内疚”。beguiltyof是指“对……有罪责的,犯罪的”。11.in→to固定搭配,beWindto,“对……视而不见,一无所知”。本句意为“国际性公司往往并没有注意本地市场的需求。”12.out→away固定搭配,wearaway,“(因重复使用而)变薄,变光滑,磨薄,磨光”。本句意为“大部分草皮已经背观众踩光了。”wearout是指“是某事物用的不能再用,用坏,耗尽”。13.to→from固定搭配,concealsth/sbfromsb/sth,“向……隐藏,掩埋,掩盖……”。本句意为“她吸毒,还想对我隐瞒这件事。”14.在onaccount后加of固定搭配,onaccountof,“因为,由于”。本句意为“由于生活节奏加快,各行各业的竞争也日益加剧。”15.在except后加forexceptfor用于表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,它不表示同类事物之间的关系,其意思为“除了……以外”。本句意为“除了个别拼写错误的,你的作文写得很好”这是对局部的否定,整体的肯定,用于表示同类事物之间的关系,其意为“除……以外,除去”比如:WehaveanEnglishlessoneverydayexceptSunday.除星期天外,我们每天有一堂英语课。16.for→of固定搭配,inhonorof,“出于对……的敬意”。本句意为“按照传统,庆典的亮点是对祭拜天地的宗教仪式。”17.at→of固定搭配,becriticalof,“指出、找出……的毛病、缺点,批评的,非难的”。本句意为“很多学者对政府的经济政策提出了批评。”18.to—of固定搭配,besensibleof,“觉察到……”。本句意为“她觉察到了自己处境困难。19.access后的in→to固定搭配,名词access后搭配介词to,指“进入……的通道,通路;(使用或见到的)机会,权利”。本句意为“在我的学校,学生们并不能使用图书馆。”20.comeup后加一个with固定搭配,comeupwith,“找到,提出(答案,办法等)”。本句意为“联合国会议有望提出紧急措施来解决当前的全球粮食危机问题。”comeup的意思为“(植物)长出地面,升起,发生,出现,被提及,被讨论”。PassageAS1.to→for固定搭配,payfor,“为……付费,付出代价”。本句意为:你要为这项投资付出什么并不是最重要的。S2.on→in固定搭配,inreturn,“作为(对某物)的回报”。本句意为:真正重要的是作为回报我们能得到什么.S3.on→at固定搭配,atrisk,“有危险,冒风险”,putsthatrisk,“使……处于危险”。152 本句意为:要使一个企业的未来发展遇到风险,最简单的方法之一就是把培训当作是要付出的成本,因此提供不合格的培训,仅仅把它作为暂时解决问题的方法。S4.for→to固定搭配,attempttodo,“企图,试图做……”。本句意为:很多公司试图去量化培训的结果。S5.from→to固定搭配,beequalto,“等同于,能对付,能胜任”。本句意为:假如一家公司派25位员工去培训,而这些员工得到的奖金相同,那么这就相当于每年156250美元S6.Afewof→把of去掉afew后面加可数名词的复数形式,意思是一些,强调有(如果是不可数名词的话得用aMe)。afewof,表示物品中的一些。举例来说,afewapples意思是一些苹果,而afewofapples意思则是(苹果中的)一部分苹果。本句意为:几年前,对于大多数企业来说,培训是一种额外可选的项目,只是用来向员工介绍其工作的基本要求。S7.nolongerthan→把than去掉,固定搭配,nolonger,“不再……”。本句意为:如今情况已不再是这样。S8.becauseof→把of去掉because是连词其后接句子;becauseof后面需要接名词、代词、动名词、what引导从句等。本句意为:(如果我们还一成不变的话,大多数企业在五年内就将被淘汰。)这是因为我们的竞争对手正通过培训使其员工工作更有效率。PassageBS1.dream后的in→of固定搭配,dreamofdoingsth,“想象,梦想……”。本句意为:人们常常梦想能住在一个没有贫穷的完美的地方,在那里人人都会为他人着想。S2.considerable→considerate形容词辨析,considerate,“考虑周到的,为(他人)着想的,体谅的,体贴的”;considerablem“相当多的,相当大的”。根据本句含义参见上一题。S3.at→to固定搭配,too...to...,“太……而不能……”。本句意为:但是,这样的地方太美好了,不太可能真实存在。goodat,“擅长于”。S4.madeup后面加of固定搭配,bemadeupof,“由……组成,构成”。本句意为:这样的地方是不存在的,这正是“乌托邦”的意思。这个词由两个希腊单词构成,意为“不存在的地方”S5.described-^describing分词短语作定语,现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系〉。本句意为:这个词是由16世纪的英国作家托马斯•莫尔在他的著作《乌托邦》中首次用到,他的书描写了一个完美的岛国。本句中describe的分词短语作为后置定语修饰book,并且是主谓关系,所以要用现在分词describing。S6.told→toldof/about固定搭配,tellof/about,“讲述”。本句意为:早期的传说讲述了在大西洋某处的一个完美的地方。S7.iseffected→effected或itiseffected本句主句是Utopiawouldnotsuddenlyeverythingperfect...,而这里应是if引导的条件状语从句ifitiseffected,因为从句中的主语it和主句中的主语Utopia一致,就可以把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略,因此变成ifeffected。本句意为:乌托邦如果真能实现的话也不会让世界突然变得完美,因为人类生来就是不完美的。S8.ofnature→bynature固定搭配,bynature,“天生地,出于本性地”。本句含义见上一题。PassageCS1.off→of固定搭配,dieof,“死于,因……而死”。本句意为:死于结核病的人数要多于其他疾病。S2.in→or固定搭配,forawhile,“一会儿,一时”,forquiteawhile,“好长一会儿,相当长一段时间”。本句意为:这种情况可能已经持续很久了。S3.of—in介词in可以用来表示比率或相对数量,本句意为:在欧洲人口较多的城市中,有七分之一的死亡是由这种疾病引起的。S4.now→then固定搭配,fromthen,“从那时起,从那以后”;fromnowon,“从现在开始”。本句是过去式,是对过去情况的描述,应用出on。本句意为:不过从那之后,不包括全球的情况,仅在欧洲,这种疾病带来的影响逐渐减小。fromnowcm,“从现在开始”。S5.in→into固定搭配,gointoadecline,“失去力量,影响等”,本句含义见上一题。S6.imported→exported本句意为:在20世纪50年代,随着抗生素的出现,在发达国家,这一趋势不断加强,同时,抗生素也被允许出口到贫困国家。根据句意,应该用动词export,“出口,输出”;而import是其反义词“进口,输入,引进”。S7.out→up固定搭配,pickup,“重新开始,继续”。本句意为:在20世纪中期,结核病的传染和死亡率在全球范围又开始上升。picksb/sthout,“挑选出”。58.better→worse前面一句是说在20世纪结核病又开始卷土重来。根据本句前半句:在本已消灭结核病的地方,疾病又重新出现;那么后半句应是说:在很多一直有结核病感染的国家,这一情况是越来越糟。应把152 better改成worse。59.of→from固定搭配,sufferfrom,“因(疾病)而痛或不舒服,受……之苦”。本句意为:据世界卫生组织估计,有17亿人(相当于世界总人口的三分之一)深受结核病之苦。S10.constantly→constantconstant,“连续不断的”,形容词;constantly,“不断地,一直”,是副词。根据本句结构,这里需要形容词作动词keep的宾语补足语。本句意为:甚至是在传染率下降的时候,人口的增长导致临床病例的数量一直是在一年800万左右。♦翻译题1.Heisreallyveryfondof2.inblackink3.Itisunwiseofyoutobejealousofothers4.isfinallyoffwelfare5.ishungryforsuccess6.I’mignorant7.atthenews8.Areyouconsciousof9.Shewastotallyblindto10.thereliefofsuffering11.他没有忧虑和压力,所以过着很幸福的生活12.大多数人都反对这项提议。13.新博物馆已落成向公众开放。14.法国客人到达宾馆不久,就同他们的美国主人一起吃了一顿丰盛的宴席。15.人如果依赖的是身外之物,是金钱,是权力、名誉之类的东西,那他就不会感到安全,永远也不会。只有做到自制,知足的人,才会真正感到安全。♦选词填空Sentence1.duringduring是指“在期间”,强调某事是在某一段时间内发生的。本句前半句是说:她病了一星期了,那么后面应是:在这期间,她什么都没吃。2.in,toin表示“在上午、下午、晚上、傍晚”,inthemorning,“在上午”;cometoanend,“结束,中止”。本句意为:一大早就开始的冒险旅程终于结束了。3.ofbeindependentof,“独立,不依靠……”。本句意为:年幼的动物很快就不再依赖他们的母亲。4.from,aboutfrom,“(表示来源)来自,源于,从来”;bedoubtfulabout,“对……怀疑”。本句意为:考试的巨大压力能使一些学生对自己是否能够通过产生了怀疑。5.withwith,“由于,随着”。本句意为:香烟吸得越多,患癌症的风险也会增大。to,towouldliketodo,“想要做某事”;beequivalenttosth/doingsth,“相当于,相同的”。本句意为:我想要提醒你,吸烟是很不好的习惯,等于是在自杀。7.From,forfrom,“(表示来源)来自,源于,从来”;hesuitablefor,“适合”。本句意为:据我对他的了解,他很适合这个职位。8.ofawarenessofsth,“知道,意识到”。本句意为:他说,这项指导方针使我们向正确的方向更迈进了一步,加强了公众对于家庭暴力的认识。9.ofbeenviousofsb/sth,“羡慕,忌妒……”本句意为:有多少人能很坦诚地说没有对他们的简单生活感到一点点羡慕。10.in,to,withinone’steens,“青少年时期(13—19岁)”;belikelytodosth,“可能做……”;interferewithsth,“妨碍,干扰”。本句意为:通常不鼓励青少年在十几岁的时候结婚,因为婚姻生活可能会影响到年轻女性接受教育,最终限制了她们未来的机会。Passage1.Obringabout,“引起,带来,导致”。本句意为生活方式的改变会给人们的工作带来变动。2.Ginsteadof,“代替”。本句意为:越来越多的人住在城镇而不是乡村。3.Csuchas,“例如,比如”。本句意为:国家和城市不得不为其居民提供更多服务,比如更多的治安保护,更多的医院和4.I空格处古句中作主语,因此需要名词,advance,“进步,进展”。本句意为:科技的进步也改变了人们的生活。5.Lby表示方式,引导方式状语。本句意为:洗碗机,洗衣机替代了原来人的工作。152 6.A空格处需要形容词修饰名词use,1widespread,“普遍的,广泛的”。本句意为:这些电器的普及就意味着需要检修工人去保证电器的正常工作。7.M空格处在动词不定式to之后,因此箱要动词原型,本句含义见上一句8.Egoup,“上升,上涨”。本句意为:随着工资的上涨,人们可能并不想要更多的食物或衣服。9.K空格处需要形容词作表语,“可获得的,可买到的”。本句意为:因此这些服务行业也提供了更多的就业机会。10.J空格处需要形容词修饰名词defense,internationa1,“国际的”。本句意为:大多数国家的政府在全球防御方面投入了巨额资金。动词◆选择题Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Notuntilthemeetinghadbegunatthecompany.A.shouldhehavearrivedB.hadhearrivedC.didhearriveD.wouldhehavearrived2.Pressthebutton,andthewheelautomatically.A.willturnB.areturningC.turnsD.haveturned3.Theworld’ssuppliesofgold.A.havebeengraduallyexhaustedB.havegraduallyexhaustedC.arebeinggraduallyexhaustedD.aregraduallyexhausted4.Weyourproposalcarefullybuttosaywecannotacceptit.A.arestudying;regretB.havestudied;regretC.havestudied;areregrettingD.havebeenstudying;willregret5.Theperformancewhenthelights.A.hadhardlybegun;wentoutB.hardlybegan;wentoutC.hardlybegan;hadgoneoutD.hadhardlybegun;hadgoneout6.Floodsandbadfarmingovertheyearsruinalandthatandmadeitterriblypoor.A.wasoncerichB.hadoncebeenrichC.haveoncebeenrichD.wasoncebeingrich7.Hemanyoftheexperiencesheeverwhenhewasyoung.A.wasgraduallyforgetting;hadB.havegraduallyforgotten;hadC.graduallyforget;hadD.isgraduallyforgetting;had8.BythetimeyouarriveinBeijing,weinShanghaifortwomoths.A.shallstayB.havestayedC.willhavestayedD.havebeenstaying9.Shedidn’tanswerthephone,sheasleep.A.mustfallB.musthavefallenC.shouldhavefallenD.canhavefallen10.Marymyletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.A.oughtnothavereceivedB.shouldn’thavereceivedC.hasbeenreceivedD.couldn’thavereceived11.I’djustassoonremindthoseimportantdocumentswithyou.A.thatyouwon’tB.yournottakingC.pleasedon’tD.youdidn’ttake12.Iwiththathetothepartywithmeyesterday.A.wentB.couldgoC.wasgoneD.hadgone13.hebegantorealizehowfarhehadbeenlaggedbehind.A.HavingenteredthenewschoolitwasfoundthatB.AfterenteringthenewschoolC.Whenhehadbeenenteringthenewschool152 D.Uponenteringontothenewschool14.thantheystartedtowork.A.NosoonerhadtheygottothefactoryB.NosoonertheygothadtothefactoryC.ASoonastheyhadgottothefactoryD.Whentheyhadgottothefactory15.showhimselfinfrontofalargeaudience?A.DaresheB.DareshetoC.DareheD.Doeshedare16.Itovisityouhaditbeenpossible,butIsobusythen.A.wouldhavecome;wereB.shouldhavecome;wasC.wouldcome;wasD.wascoming;were17.Ifriendshipverymuch,becauseitismuchimportantforme.A.treasureB.considerC.likeD.cherry18.Thedesertawayasfarastheeyecouldsee.A.stretchedB.wentC.spreadD.lasted19.Howcanwetheproblemofunemployment?A.tackleB.createC.presentD.rescue20.Thefrightenedpeopleinalldirections.A.scatteredB.spreadC.extendedD.separated21.IhavetomyessayastherearesomepartsIamnotsatisfiedwith.A.rehearseB.reviseC.renewD.retell22.Shegraduallythatherparentshadbeenright.A.confessedB.perceivedC.convincedD.deceived23.ShandongProvincesecondintheproductionofapples,producing500,000,000poundsthisyear.A.rankedB.occupiedC.arrangedD.classified24.Youareonlyallowedtointhelaneonamotorway.A.overtakeB.overturnC.overrunD.overcome25.Hecouldn’tmakecommentsonthebook,forhehadonlyit.A.dippedB.dippedintoC.dippedtoD.dippedin26.Hisrequestwasbythecommitteethathewantedtogowherehewasmostneeded.A.goB.gainedC.grantedD.given27.You’vemadeamistake---you’vethebeginningpart.A.leftoutB.leftoffC.leftbehindD.leftfor28.Theauthorofthenoveliswellwiththecustomsoftheremoteareabecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.A.informedB.acquaintedC.enlightenedD.acknowledged29.Someanimalspeciescompletelyfromtheearthleavingonlytheirrock-likeremainsforourstudy.A.fadedB.diedC.vanishedD.yielded30.Beforeleavingtheofficesheherselfthatallthedoorswereclosed.A.assuredB.ensuredC.insuredD.madesure31.Theexecutionofaschememustallprofitstothegovernment.A.involveB.combine.includeD.contain32.Wehavetheseriousdisasterandmadeadvancesinagriculture.A.overcomeB.conquerC.succeededD.defeated33.Womeninthewesterncountiesweretherighttovoteuntil1920.A.ignoredB.deniedC.rejectedD.refused34.Theangrycustomeralawsuitafterbeingtreatedrudelyinthestore.A.commendedB.commentedC.commerceD.commenced35.Dicklikelivinginthecountryandhasdecidedtofarming.A.gobackonB.throughwithC.goalongwithD.goinfor36.Ithismanwithacceptingbribery.152 A.chargeB.accuseC.scoldD.blame37.TheareaintheAntarcticashowssignsofabundantoilresourcesandthisareaisstillbeing,thoughitwouldbedifficulttotransportoilfromthere.A.surveyedB.investigatedC.inspectedD.lookedinto38.Thesingerthetermsofhercontractandwassuedbytheproducer.A.isolatedB.signedC.implementedD.violated39.Theemployershardlydaredtoasktheirbossanyquestions,?A.didtheyB.didn’ttheyC.daredtheyD.darenotthey40.Hehopestobefromhospitalnextweek.A.dismissedB.dischargedC.expelledD.resigned◆改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof16sentencesand3passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistake.Ineachpassage,therearealtogether10mistake,ourineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakeandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.Atfires,Iwasterriblyfrightenedofschool,ButIsoongotawayit.2.Ineverregrettednottoaccepthisoffer.3.Thecountry’schiefexportsarecars,steelproducts,cottongood,carsarebeingthemostimportantofthese.4.MaggiehasarrivedinLondonthreedaysago.5.Hewon’thavearestwhenhehasfinishedhiswork.6.Wenosoonerfinishedcleaningthehousethanmothercameback.7.Hehasbeenmissedfromhomefortwodaysnow,andIamsoworried.8.Thedoormustn’thavebeenopen.Ihavecheckeditcarefully,andthekeyisinmypocket.9.Itwasasmallhouseparty,sowemustnothavedressedupsoformally.10.Peopleareincliningtofeelanxiousandworriedinafast-pacedsociety.11.Despitestrongprotests,therulerstillrefusedtolightentheburdenoftaxesthathehadlieduponhispeople.12.Ourhoperaisedandfellinthesameinstant.13.Itisessentialthattheseapplicationformsaresentbackasearlyaspossible.14.Wedidn’tknowhisnumber,otherwisewehadtelephonedhim.15.Itseemsoilisleakingfromthispipeforsometime.Wewillhavetostopandhavethemachinerepaired.16.Thebookissaidhavebeentranslatedintomanylanguagesinthepastfewyears.PassageAFacingastheyarewithasocietythatfrequentlyrejectsthemonthegroundsS1.ofcolor,raceorlowacademicability,thesechildrenturntocrimeasameansofboostingtheirself-esteem.NurturedonfilmsandTVglamorizetheroleS2.ofthecriminaltheyarequicktoidentifywiththeseanti-heroes.ItisamatterofincreasedconcerntothepoliceandmagistratesthattheChildrenandS3.YoungPersonsAct,1969,isbecominginadequatetodealintheriseinS4.juveniledelinquency,BecausetheemphasishasplacedonthecauseS5.andtreatmentoftheirdelinquency,ratherthanonold-fashionedmethodsofpunishment,thechildrenthemselvesarewellawarethatthereisverylittlethatcandotopreventthemcontinuingtomug,vandalizeandinsomeS6.caseevencausethedeathofthosetheychoosetoterror,Idon’tlikeS7.thelookofthissituationanymorethatyoudo.Inourowninterestsandinthoseofourchildrenandgrandchildren,wecannotcontinuetakethe”it’sS8.152 nothingtodowithme”attitudeweadoptedforsolong,WemustuniteS9.inacommondemandforharsherandmorediscipliningmethodsS10.againsttheseyoungoffenders.passageBCreatingtheproperatmosphereforapartyisadifficultandexcitedjob,Gonearethedayswhenonecouldsimplycallupone’sS1.friendsandinvitethemoverinaSaturdayeveningforagameofbridge.AS2.hostessmustmakecertainthatherpartyisperfect,ifsheistoaidhercareerorthatofherhusband.ThefirstelementthatmustbeconsiderS3.istheguestlist,Whiletherearecertaingueststhatinvited,thereS4.arejustasmanyguestswhomonemustavoid.Thewisehostessmakesalistoffiveparts;thosewhomustS5.heinvited,suchasanemployerorpersonswhosehospitalitymustbegiven;S6.thosewhoshouldbeinvited,butarenotnecessarytomakethepartyrunsmoothly,suchasone’sneighborsorpersonalfriends;thosewhomustneverbeinvited,suchasthepresentspouseofanyguestorabusinessS7.adversary;andthosewhowouldnotbeappropriateguestatthatparticulartypeofparty,suchasimmigrantsataDaughtersoftheAmericanRevolution(DAR)party,ThesecondaryelementcriticaltoS8.thesuccessofapartyisitstheme,EachpartymighthaveadefiniteS9.reasonforbeing,acertainideaprmoodrunningthroughouttheevening.Whilemanypersonsconsidersuch“gimmicky”(花招)ascostumepartiesorMexicanfiestas(宗教节目),therearemanyalternativethemestochoiceamong.S10.PassageCArtificialflowersareusedforscientificaswellasdecoratedpurposes.S1.Theyaremadefromavarietyofmaterialssuchaswaxandglass,soskillfulthatS2.theycanscarcelydistinguishfromnaturalflowers.Inmakingsuchmodels,S3.painstakingskillandartistryarecalledon,aswellasthoroughknowledgeofS4.plantstructure.ThecollectionofglassflowersintheBotanicalMuseumofHarvardUniversityisthemostfamousinNorthAmericaandiswideknownthroughoutS5.thescientificworld.Inall,thereareseveralthousandmodelsincoloredglass,theworkoftwoartists-naturalists,LeopoldBlaschkaandhissonRudolph.TheintentionwastohavethecollectionbeenrepresentingatleastonememberS6.ofeachflowerfamilynativetotheUnitedStates.Althoughitwasnevercompleting,itcontainsmorethansevenhundredspeciesrepresenting164familiesS7.offloweringplants,agroupoffruitsshowingtheeffectoffungus(霉菌)diseases,andthousandsofflowerpartsandmagnifyingdetails.EverydetailoftheseS8.accuratelyreproducedincolorandstructure.themodelsarekeptinS9.lockingcasesastheyaretoovaluableandfragileforclassroomuse.S10.◆翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-10bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethesentences11-15intoChinese.1.Hardly(他刚一回来)whenhebegantodothehousework.2.Itseemsthattheplanfortraveling(没有希望了)thisyear.3.Hisspeech(给观众留下了深刻的印象)。4.Butforhisexperience,we(不可能走出)thedesertalive.5.She(本来不可能发现)thatthecamerawastrainedonherbecauseitiscompletelyhidden.152 6.(在这种新学说的指引下),theresearchersmadeamajorbreakthroughinbiology.7.Ifyou(你再敢用这种态度对待我),youwillbesorry.8.Tocontinuetheprogram,theyhadto(向政府求助,获取他们所需的资金).9.Manyseriousproblemsthatoncecausedlosses(已被根除或彻底得到控制)。10.(他所有的辛苦努力最终得到回报)whenhegottheofferfromthefamouscorporation.11.Hevisitedmanyplaces,inallofwhichhewasreceivedwiththeunusualenthusiasm.12.Theyallhaveatendencytoventureandtasteeverythinglifehastooffer,nomatterifitissafeordangerous,rightorwrong.13.Theythreatenedtoshoot,butthemarcherscouldn’tbestopped.Theunarmedpeoplepressonandon.14.Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.15.Copyrightisthebodyoflegalrightsthatprotectcreativeworksfrombeingreproduced,performed,displayed,ordisseminatedbyotherswithoutpermission.◆完形填空Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage,ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)followingthepassage,YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Anyonewhohasriddenonarailroadtrainknowshowrapidlyanothertrain1bythenitistravelinginthe2directionandconverselyhowitmaylookalmost3whenitismovinginthesamedirection.4atrainatastationstartstomoveforward5gentlythatpassengersfeelsnobackwardmovement6.Theniftheyhappenedto7thewindowandseeanothertrainslidepastonthenexttrack,theyhavenowayofknowing8trainisinmotionandwhichisatrest;9cantheytellhowfasteitheroneismovingorinwhichdirection.Theonlywaytheycanjudgetheir10isbylookingouttheothersideofthecarforsomefixedbodyofreference11thestationplatformorasinglelight.Newtonwas12thesetricksofmotion,onlyhethoughtintermsofships,Heknewthatonacalmdayatseaasailorcanshavehimselfordrinksoupas13aswhenhisshipislyingmotionlessinharbor.Thewaterinhisbasin,thesoupinhisbowl,willremain14whethertheshipismakingfiveknots,fifteenknotsortwenty-fiveknots.So15helookshardattheseaitwillbe16forhimtoknowhowfasthisshipismovingorindeedifitismovingatall.Ofcourse,iftheseashouldgetroughortheshipchangescoursesuddenly,17hewillsensehisstateofmotion,Butevensupposingthatwehavetheidealizedconditionsofaglasscalmseaandasilentship,nothingthathappensbelowdecks,noamountofobservationormechanicalexperimentperformedinsidetheship,willrevealitsvelocitythroughthesea,Thephysical18basedonthesefactswasformulatedbyNewtonin1687.“Themotionsofbodiesincludedinagivenspace,”hewrote,“arethesame19themselves,whetherthatspaceisatrestormovesuniformly20inastraightline.”1.A.passesB.goesC.flashesD.moves2.A.differentB.oppositeC.unlikeD.diverse3.A.noiselessB.motionlessC.calmnessD.movingly4.A.AtalltimeB.AllthewhileC.AtalltimeD.Onceinawhile5.A.soB.veryC.muchD.as6.A.wheneverB.whereverC.whateverD.whichever7.A.watchyouB.markoutC.lookoutD.view8.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if9.A.andB.butC.orD.nor152 10.A.conditionB.positionC.situationD.state11.A.likeB.loveC.devoteD.attach12.A.foundofB.awareofC.keenonD.interestedin13.A.easilyB.comfortablyC.reliablyD.vigorously14.A.unruffledB.unevenC.unstableD.uncertain15.A.whenB.whileC.unlessD.since16.A.possibleB.probableC.improperD.impossible17.A.thatB.thenC.andD.after18.A.reasonB.standardC.principleD.rule19.A.amongB.intoC.ofD.as10.A.aroundB.forwardC.towardsD.away◆选词填空Directions:Completeeachsentence(1-10)byfillingineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninthebrackets,Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Sentence1.To(minimal)theriskoftheft,weinstallagoodalarmsystem.2.They(quarrel)eversincetheylivedtogether.3.She(expect)alongdistancecallallrightlong.4.Christmasisjustaroundthecorner,soI(bebusy)thesedays.5.Beforewe(finish)ourmealheaskedusbacktowork.6.Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmucheachworker(contribute)totheproductheismaking.7.Therepublicationofthepoet’smostrecentworkswillcertainly(enhancement)hisnationalreputation.8.Somespecialprogramsaredesignedto(assistant)youngpeopletobecomeorresponsibleandproductive.9.(Blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.10.Never(dream)thatIcanmeetyouhere!PassageEverythinginmodernlifeseems1towardever-greaterspeed,fastercomputers,fasterInternetaccess,fastermicrowaveovens,fastertrains,fasterbicyclesandfastercarswithwiderand2roadsthatallowustodriveevenfaster.Weliveinan3age,wantingandtryingtomakeeverythingandeveryonearoundusmovefasteratapacewe4.ButasIhavelearned(and5knew),impatienceisnotgoodforus6orphysically.Itcausesstress,Which7theimmunesystem,irritatesthestomach,8bloodpressure,strainstheheartandstrainsrelationships.IseenowthatmyhomelifeandmydemeanorwouldhavebeenalotmorepleasanthadIlearnedthelessonsinMs.Ryan’sbooklongago.Hurryingincreasestheriskof9andaccidents,whichcanendupcostingmoretimethantherushsaved.Patienceallowsyoutoremaincoolandrational,tothinkclearlyunderstress,totakethefoiblesand10behaviorsofotherinstrideandperhapsevenfindthemamusing.AannoyingFweakensKfunctionBmentallyGpersonalityLimpatientCbehaviorHstraighterMraisesDgearedIerrorsNhold152 EaccomplishedJdictateOinstinctively参考答案第六章动词♦选择题1.C2.A3.C4.B5.A6.A7.D8.C9.B10.D11D12.D13.B14.A15.C16.B17.A18.A19.A20.A21.22.B23.A24.A25.B26.C27.A28.B29.C30.A31.A32.A33.B34.D35.D36.A37.A38.D39.A40.B.♦改错题1.gotawayit→gotitover代词it放在get与over中间。getover意为“从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来”。2.nottoaccept→notacceptingregret在分词表示后悔做某事。3.第二个are去掉本句为独立主格结构,j结构为:主语+分词+其他4.has去掉从时间状语threedaysago判断:本句时态为一般过去时。5.when→until.not与until搭配,意为“直到……才”。6.We后加had主句用haddone表示动作发生在从句之前,表示“过去的过去”。I7.missed→missingmiss意为**"失踪”,与主::语构成主动关系。从时间状语fortwodays可看出本句谓语表示从过去到现在持续的仍然进行的动作。4^^参考答案8mustn’t→can’tcouldnothavedone意为“不可能发生的某件事情”。9.must→needneednothavedone意为“没必要做某事”。10.inclining→inclinedbeinclinedtosth.意为”习惯于做某事”。11.lied→laid为动词lay的过去分词laysth.upon意为“放置”。12.raised→roseraise是及物动词,后接宾语,不能用于此句。rise是不及物动词,后不需接宾语,用在此处意为“希望升起"。13.are→beItisessentialthat从句后应用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,8hould可以省略。14.had-+wouldhaveotherwise后接使用虚拟语气的从句。wouldhavedone表示与过去事实相反,意思是“本来可以做某事”.15.is—hasbeen动词leak与主语oil构成主动关系,而forsometime这个状语表明动作的持续进行,因此应用现在完成进行时。16.said后加to被动句中,作谓语的过去分词后跟动词作宾补要加上to。PassageAS1.Facing→Facedbefacedwith意为“面对”。S2.glamorize→glamorizing本句中过去分词nurtured意为“受某种环境因素影响”,而filmsandTV与glamorize构成主动关系。本句句意:电影和电视里对犯罪角色的美化,使他们迅速的模仿起这些反面的英雄们。S3.increased→increasingincreasingconcern指“越来越多的关注”。S4.dealin→dealwithdeal与with搭配,指“处理”。S5.hasplaced→hasbeenplaced句中placetheemphasison是固定搭配,指“以……为点”,所以此句应用被动语态。S6.do→bedonelittle与do之间构成被动。S7.terror→terrorize根据choose〖0如地.结构,本句要用terror的动词形式terrorize。S8.continuetake→continuetotakecontinue后接带to的不定式表示“做完一件事再完成其他事情”^S9.adopted→haveadopted本句中出现表示持续一段时间的状语forsolong,说明前面的部分要用完成时态。S10.disciplining→disciplineddisciplined意为“自制的、自律的”。PassageBS1.excited→exciting修饰job用exciting。152 S2.in→onaSaturdayevening指具体的某一天的晚上,前面介词要用on。S3.consider→consideredbe动词后面用过去分词表示被动语态。S4.invited→beinvited情态动词must后的被动语态结构为mustbedone。S5.five→four根据上下文内容,客人的名单应为四部分。S6.given->retumed本句提到应当回请曾经款待过自己的雇员或其他人士。S7.present→former本句提到那些应当从不遨请参加聚会的人,其中包括来宾的前夫或前妻以及商业竞争对手。S8.secondary→secondsecond与前文的first相对应,而secondary则与primary相对应。S9.might→shouldmight常表本可以做的事情或者可能发生的事情,Should表示应当做的或发生的事。IS10.choice→choose©句中to后面接动词。PassageCS1.decorated→decorative此处用decorative表示“人造花卉既可以用于科学目的又可.以用于装饰目的”。jS2.skillful→skillfully:,修饰谓语动词应用副词形式表示程度。本句意为:它们可以用各种各样的材料制成,臂如蜡和玻璃;其制作如此精巧,几乎可以以假乱真。S3.distinguish—distinguishedbedistinguishedS4.on→forcallfor意为“需要、要求”。S5.wide—widelywidely用来修饰known,表示广泛了解”。S6.beenrepresenting→representhavesth.do指“让或者使得……去做什么事情”。本句意为•.目的是要展现出在美国本土生长的每一个花的家族中至少一种花的样子。S7.completing→completed被动语态要用过去分词。S8.magnifying^magnifiedmagnifieddetails意为“放大的细节”。S9.accuratelyreproduced→isaccuratelyreproduced本句为被动句,所以过去分词前需加be动词的具体形式。S10.locking一^lockedlocked用来修饰case,指这些花的模型被保存在上锁的箱子里,因为他太容易碎和太有价值了。♦翻译题1hadhecomeback2.holdsnopromise3.impressedtheaudiencedeeply/madeadeepimpressionontheaudience4.wouldneverhavecomeoutof5.couldnothaveseen/found6.Guidedbythenewtheory7.daretreatmelikethatagain8.turntothegovernmentforthefundsthattheyneeded9.haveeitherbeencompletelyeliminatedorbroughtundercontrol10.Allhishardworkatlastpaidoff11.他访问了许多地方,到处受到热烈的欢迎12.不管那件事是安全的还是危险的,正确的还是错误的未必能无都会去冒险,体验生活所赋予的每一件事13.他们威胁着要开枪魔法城堡没法挡住游行者,手无寸铁的人们不断向前通近。14.经济学理论对有关农业生产,租金控制以及最低工资这类经济决策的彩响作出预测。15.版权是一种合法权利的体现,旨在保护创造性作品,防止该作品在未经允许的情况下被人复制、演出、展出或传播。♦完形填空1.C考查动词辨析。此处强调对面火车的快速、一闪而过,flash符合题意。2.B考查形容词辨析。根据前文的内容,空格处填入的词应指**当火车向相反方向行驶时”。3.B考查形容词辨析。与前文howrapidly意义相反,指当火车往相同方向行驶时,相反,乘客看对面火车好像处于静止状态。4.D考查词组辨析。onceinawhile意为“偶尔、有时”。152 5.A考查固定搭配so...that结构。6.C考查连词辨析。whatever用在与no,any连用的名词之后,意为“一点……都不,毫不”。本句句意为:一点都感觉不到任何后退的行为。7.C考查短语动词辨析。lookoutthewindow指“从火车上往外看”。8-A根据后面whichisatrest可推测本句应填which表示对比。9.D考查名词辨析。根据theyhadnowayof可推测此处也应填否定词,指“既不•…"也不……"9.haveeitherbeenbroughtundercentupletelyeliminated10.C考查名词辨析。situation与judge搭配,意为“判断情况”。10.Allhishardworkatlastpaidoff11.他访问了许多地方,到处受到热烈的欢迎。12.不管那件事是安全的还是危险的,正确的还是错误的,他们都会去冒险,体验生活所賦予的每一件事。13.他们威胁着要开枪,却没法挡住游行者,11.Alike用在此处为介词,表示举例。12.B考查词组辨析。句意为:牛顿察觉到了这些运动规律,故用“awareoT。.13.B考查副词辨析。本句本意为:在风和日丽的天气,水手可以在海上修面或喝汤,其舒适程度跟他的船静静地停在港口-样。14.A考查形容词辨析。unruffled指“水面等芊静的,无波浪的”;uneven“指不均衡的”;unstable不稳定”;uncertain“不确定。15.C考查逻辑关系。根据上下文逻辑含义,此处引导条件状语,选unless表示与前文相反的情况。16.D考查形容词辨析。根据unless引导的状语,可以判断此句大意:除非他在海面上非常仔细地观察,否则他不大可能知道他的船行驶地多快或者更确切地说船只是否在移动,因此impossible符合题意。17.B本句有if从句,所以主句开头不能用其他连词连接,只能用then表示“这个时候”〇18.C考查名词辨析。principle指物理学上的规则、规律。19.A考查介词辨析。among意为“在多个事物之中”。20.B考查动词与介词的搭配。move与forward搭配,意为“向前行进”。♦选词填空Sentence1.minimize考查词性转换。这里需要用minimal的动词形式minimize,意为“使……最小化”。2.havebeenquarreling考查时态。本句中有时间状语eversince,主句要用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去持续到现在。3.hasbeenexpecting考查时态。根据状语allnightlong,主句用现在完成进行时。本句句意为:她一整晚都在等一个长途电话。4.havebeenbusy考查时态。出现时间状语eversince本句要用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去持续到现在。句意:圣诞节就要来临,我这几天一直很忙,要用现在完成时〇5.hadfinished考查时态。主句谓语动词用过去式,从句动作在主句动作之前发生,表示过去的过去,因此用haddone6.contributes考查时态。根据上下文,本句用一般现在时。7.enhance考查词形转换。will后用动词原形,enhancement的动词为enhance,意为“提高,,。8.assist考查词形转换。根据词组bedesignatedtodosth.,此处要用动词。assistant的动词为assist,意为“帮助”。9.Blamed考查分词的使用。当主句和从句主语一致时,从句的主语可以省略。blame与主语构成被动,因此此处用过去分词。10.haveIdreamed考查倒装结构。否定词never置于句首,句子要用部分倒装。根据句意“我从没相到能在这里遇见你”,本句用现在完成时表示从过去到现在已完成或有可能持续的动作。Passage[词性分类]名词:C)behavior孝现;G)personality个性、性格;I)err〇rs错误;K)function功能动词:E).accomplishes完成、取得成就;F)weakens减弱;J)dictate规定、指示;M)raises提升;N)hold持有、进行)形容词:A)annoying“令人烦恼的、讨厌的”;D)geared“适应的、调整的”;H)straighter“更直接的”:L)instinctively“本能地”152 副词:B)mentally“精神地”;O)instinctively“本能地”1.D根据空格前后的seem和toward,此处应填入一个形容词〇seemgearedtoward意为“似乎要适应……”2.Hand连接两个平行^词汇,因此这里也应填入与wider相对应的形容词比较级,straighter符合题意。3.L根据an与age,此处用形容词t由于前,文提到现代生活的快节奏的各个方面,在实用大学英语语法讲座与测试备选的形容词中,impatient适合。4.J从句主语we后应填人一个动词原形。根据上下文贪义,dictate正确。atapacewedictate意为“用我们规定的节奏”。5.0修饰动词knew用副词,因此instinctively(本能地)符合要求。6.B与句中physically相对应,用mentally。7.Fwhich引导的非限制性定语从句后要用动词,根据下文一系列表示对健康造成负面影响的词组,用weaken合适。weakentheimmunesystem意为“降低免疫力"。8.M与前文的动词词组为并列关系。raisebloodpressure意为“引起血压升髙”。9-I根据of判断空格处填在意义上与accidents相关联的名词,errors正确。10.A最后一句讲述保持良好耐心的好处。根据上下文的含义,annoying正确。本句大意:耐心能使人保持冷静和理性,在压力下清楚思考问M,从容应对别人的性感缺点和讨厌行为,甚至可能觉得这一切都是好玩的事情。被动语态◆选择题Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence1.Shefelloffherbicycleandbadlyherself.A.woundedB.damagedC.injuredD.harmed2.I’llwritedownyournameandphonenumberincaseyouasawitness.A.areneededB.willbeneededC.shouldneedD.beneeded3.Thisprojectrequiresmorefundthanbecauseitisextremelydifficult.A.havebeenputinB.hasbeenputinC.beingputinD.tobeputin4.GreatasNewtonwas,mangyofhistheoriestodayandarebeingmodifiedbytheworkofscientistsofourtime.A.aretobechallengedB.arechallengingC.anybechallengedC.havebeenchallenged5.Herecommendsthattheplanninguntilallthefundhasbeensupplied.A.isnotstartedB.willnotbestartedC.notbestartedD.isnottobestarted6.Thechildcleverbutnaughty.A.thoughtasB.wasthoughtasC.thoughttobeD.wasthoughttobe7.Thecompositiontwohoursago.A.shouldbefinishedB.shouldfinishC.shouldhavefinishedD.shouldhavebeenfinished8.Mostproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthemtakeninthepast.A.wasnotB.werenotC.werenotbeingD.beingnot9.Allthecomputersbytheendofthisweek.A.willberepairedB.wererepairedC.willhavebeenrepairedD.wouldberepaired10.Hetoldusthathetoworkinanotherdepartmentnextyear.A.wastransferredB.willtransferC.willbetransferredD.wouldbetransferred11.Theroadatthemoment,sowehadtotakeanotherway.A.wouldhavebeenrepairedB.wasbeingrepaired152 C.wasrepairedD.hadbeenrepaired12.Yourclothesneeds.You’dbetterhaveittomorrow.A.washing;doneB.washing;tobedoneC.beingwashed;doneD.tobecut;tobedone13.Inthelastdecade,greatchangesinthecity.A.havebeentakenpaceB.havetakenplaceC.tookplaceD.wastakenplace14.Theyplannedtodotheworkprivatelywithoutit.A.knowB.beknownC.beingknownD.tobeknown15.Theyfoundthereportwastoodifficult.A.tobeunderstoodB.tounderstandC.forunderstandingD.tohavebeenunderstood16.Theirbehaviors_____usefultothepeople.A.areconsideredB.isconsideredC.haveconsideredD.consider17.Thenewly-builttheatrecans_____2,000people.A.beholdingB.havebeenholdingC.holdD.beheld18.Thetwinsisters____eachotherinthattheybothhaveblackhairandroundfaces.A.resembledB.resembleC.areresembledD.haveresembled19.Hewasevidentlynot_____thiskindoffood.A.accustomedtoB.accustomingtoC.accustomedbyD.accustomingof20.Allfights_____becauseoftheheavystorm.A.havecanceledB.beingcanceledC.havebeencanceledD.canceled21._____fromspace,theearthlookslikeahugeglobecoveredwithwater.A.havingseenB.toseeC.seeingD.seen22.Thetheorywasattackedtenyearsagowhenitwasfirst_____,butgraduallyitwasimproved.A.promotedB.enhancedC.advancedD.conceived23.Thedoctordrewtheconclusionthattheyoungman’sblindnesswas_____.A.consistentB.partialC.internalD.temporary24.Asforthetheory,IbelieveIcan_____itwithmyownexperiences.A.denyB.rejectC.objectD.refute25.Booksare______toscholars.A.indispensableB.indifferentC.boundtoD.accustomedto26.______suchadifficulttask,wemustredoubleourefforts.A.TofacewithB.WearefacingC.FacedwithD.Facingwith27.Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcornersunless_____todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.A.madeB.beingmadeC.havingmadeD.tobemade28.Thedeskandseatscanbe_____totheheightofanychild.A.adoptedB.shiftedC.adjustedD.corrected29.Theinnocentyoungmanwas_____ofstealingother’smoney.A.sentencedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished30._____hecamehereforthefirst,theguidetoldhomethedetailedinformationofthehistoricalinterestsinthecity.A.GivingB.GiventhatC.GivingthatD.Togivethat31.Severalloudspeakersare_____fromtheceilingandwecanhearthespeakerveryclearly.A.connectedB.sustainedC.associatedD.suspended32.Thisistheonlyoneofthemanyquestionsthatreally_____.A.needansweringB.needstobeansweredC.needanswerD.needsbeinganswered33.Heresented_____towait.Heexpectedthedepartmentmanager_____himatonce.A.tobeasked;toseeB.beingasked;toseeC.tobeasked;seeingD.beingasked;seeing152 34.Thismissileisdesignedsothatonce______nothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.A.firedB.beingfiredC.havingfiredD.theyfired35.Withouttheairtokeepsomeofthesun"sheat,theearthatnight______,toocoldforpeopletolive.A.wouldbefreezingcoldB.willbefreezingcoldlyC.wouldbefrozencoldD.canfreezecoldly36.Awindowintheroomwas____andtherewasrubbisheverywhereinthehouse.A.scatteredB.scrapedC.scratchedD.smashed37.Weather_____,we’llgooutforawalk.A.beingpermittedB.permittedC.permittingD.permits38.Heclaimed_____intherestaurantwhenhewashavingalunchyesterday.A.tobetreatedbadlyB.tohavebeenbadlytreatedC.beingbadlytreatedD.treatingbadly39.39.Inthepast,theblackpeoplewere_____fromthewhite.A.distributedB.isolatedC.segregatedD.divided40.Manypeoplethinkahealthylifeis_____withthehappymoodandnutritiousfood.A.involvedB.boundC.tiedD.associated改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof18sentencesand2passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistake.Ineachpassage,therearealtogether8-10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.Hedidn’tattendthemeetingandsodidhiswife.______2.Notonlyhastheproductioncapacityincreased,butthevarietyofproductshasbeenmultiplied.______3.Neverhecareswhetherweliveordie.______4.Youcan’tfindAnnaontheplayground,forshewasseenentertheclassroom.______5.Hetoldmethefactoryhadcloseddown.______6.Iwasinformedthatshehadbeenofferingawell-paidposition.______7.Thesickmanisgoingtosendtothedoctor.______8.Whentheyhadfinishedplaying,thechildrenweremadeputawayallthetoys.__________9.You"dbetterstopdoingthat,oryoupayforyourfoolishbehavior.__________10.I"mnotusedtobetreatedlikethis.__________11.Theuniondemandedthatthepayshouldraiseby20%.__________12.Theconceptof"environment"iscertainlydifficultandmayeventheunderstood.___________13.Hegrewupinaquiteregionknownbyitswinesandwatches.__________14.Noisecausedincreasingmusculartension,whichatnightmaydeprivethebodyofrest._________15.Myschool’sclassarrangementwaspatternedwiththesuccessfulprojectthatpopularinotherschools._________16.Whilehavingbeenorbitedthesun,thesatellitehassentmorethanfourbillionbitsofinformationbacktotheearth._________17.Lookingatinthisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemtosodisappointing._________18.AttendanceatthecinemahasdroppedongreatlybecauseoftheinventionofTVsets.__________PassageAPartonestartwithabriefintroductorychapterandthentakesupStyleS1________andOrganization,coveredtheminthatorderbecauseskillorlackofskillS2_______instyleeffectsallwriting,whilemuchtechnicalwritingissoshortastoofferS3_________noproblemsoforganization.ThesechaptersfollowedbyoneonMechanics,S4________coveringmattersofformthatarepeculiartotechnicalwritingorelsecropupinitwithnormalfrequency.S5________ThechapteronSpecialProblems,whichfollow,performingadualfunction.S6________152 Itprovideswritingassignmentsthatmayusewhilethestudyofstyle,organization,S7_________andmechanicsisstillunderway,anditexplainswaysofhandlecertainproblemsS8_________thatmayriseduringthewritingofreports,proposals,andotherlongerforms.S9________Wehavealsoexpandedthetreatmentoftechnicalarticles,recognizedtheS10_________potentialcontributeofarticlewritingtothecareerofthewriterandthevalueofthearticletoscienceandtechnology.PassageBPeopletendtobuyprivatecarstoday.Formanypeople,especiallyyoungpeople,owningaprivatecarhassomanyadvantagesthattheyjustcannotrefusetheS1_________temptationtobuyacariftheycouldaffordit.Eachyearthecarindustrythroughouttheworldproducesaglitteringarrayofdifferentmodels,designingtoappealtoeveryage,toeveryS2_________packet-book.Forthepersonwhoneedsreliabletransportationatminimumoperatingcost,thereisalargeselectionofsmall,lightweightcarthattravelgreatdistanceonverylittlepetrol.Fortheyoung,whoasktheultimateinappearanceandS3.______performance,thereisagreatvarietyofsportsandspecialtymodels.Forthe＂youngatheart＂---themiddle-aged,middle-classcitizenwhowantaprestigemixofS4.______style,size,andcomfort--thereisawiderangeofbig,sleekcarsunavailableS5________withallsortsofoptionalequipment.Yetfinally,forthetrulywealthy,thereisaselectedgroupofluxurycarscustom—buildingtothemostfastidioustaste.S6_________Forthebasisofjustthesefourcategories,itcanbesaidthatthecarS7_________industryexemplifytheseller’sslogan.“Youpayyourmoney,andyoutakeS8_________yourchoice”翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-10bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethesentences11-15intoChinese.1.Hisstyleis________________(以生动简洁为特点).2.Weare__________________(得到错误消息)aboutthemeeting.3.Theearth’ssurfaceintheareaofthebusinesscenter___________(由。。。构成的)solidconcrete.4.Theconstrucyionofthenewlibrary_____________(将竣工)bytheendofthisyear.5.Thepian__________(有……加以检查)bytheresearshgroup.6.____________(有人指出)newrulesshouldbemadeassoonaspassible.7._____________(必须强调)onthedevelopmentofthescientifictechnology.8.Visitors____________(必须出示门票)whentheyenterthepark.9.Theeconomyofthecountry_________(可望)remainstablein2010.10.Notonlycanthecomptergatherfacts,itcanalsostorethem___________(以收集信息同样快的速度)andcanpourthemout_____________(无论什么时候需要)。11.AfamousexampleofmethodwassetforthinancientGreece.___________________________________________12.Itwasreportedthatin2000,totalamountofinvestmentinthefixedassetshit20billionYuan,30percentmorethanthepreviousyear.______________________________________________13.Greateffortsareneededtomasterandapplynewandhightechnologyforthedevelopmentofthenewfamousbrandproductssoastowinagreatermarketshare._________________________________________________14.Thecommontechniquesofwriting,firstoutlinedbythefamousprofessor,havebeenreprintedincountlesstextbooks,wheremoststudentshaveprobablyseenthem.__________________________________________________15.Buttheprimaryreasonfortheexistenceoftheuniversitiesisnottobefoundeitherin152 第七章被动语态Themereknowledgeconveyedtothestudentsorinthemereopportunitiesforresearchaffordedtothemembersofthefaculty.___________________________________________________________________________________________◆完形填空Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)followingthepassage.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfusintothepassage.Ifthefamilyisthenumberoneinstitutioninltalianlife,churchwillbethenextone,1theCafferatingthethirdplace.Itis23thatalmost95％oftheltaliansareCatholic.Itwouldn"t4themtobeotherwise.Theyare5asbabiesinthechurch,mainlyeducatedbythechurch,marryandthendieinthechurch.Althoughmanyofthegreatchurchesaremuseumsofart,theyalways6asplacesofrefuge,notonlyspiritualandreligious,butphysical7,So,thechurchisasecondhometotheltalians,aplacetobeenjoyed8respected:itisaplaceforsocialmeetingsandgatherings,aplacewhereboththepoorandtherichcangoforspiritualrelief9trouble.Probably10peoplegetasmuchoutofthechurch11theItalians,andthatisbecausethey12somuchofthemselvesintoit.ThereisnodoubtthatthechurchhasastrongerinfluenceoverItalianwomenthanoverItalianmen,butthewomen,ontheotherhand,asmothers,wivesandsweethearts13insistonboysandmen14Catholic.Youwill15feelthepowerofthechurchinItalywhetheryouareCatholic,Protestant,Jewish,orothers.Yousimplycannot16theexistenceofit.Inthebigcitiesthespiresandthedomesofthechurchescanbeseenabovethehorizon,17youconstantly18Itspresence;insmallertownsandvillagesthechurchisusuallythebiggestandmostimpressivebuildinginthearea.EvenintownswherethemayorisaCommunist,thepriestorbishopis19seenasthemoreimportant20.1.A.andB.butC.withD.for2.A.generallyB.preciselyC.exactlyD.probably3.A.assessedB.appraisedC.evaluatedD.estimated4.A.flashintoB.clltoC.occurtoD.thinkof5.A.cultivatedB.trainedC.drilledD.broughtup6.A.sitB.standC.wordD.act7.A.aswellB.alsoC.eitherD.aswellas8.A.orB.alongwithC.aswellD.aswellas9.A.intimeforB.intimeofC.ontimeforD.ontimeof10.A.nootherB.nototherC.onanyotherD.no11.A.likeB.thanC.asD.thesameas12.A.takeB.getC.putD.give13.A.inturnB.byturnsC.inreturnD.toreturn14.A.areB.beC.tobeD.being15.A.surelyB.probablyC.possiblyD.doubtfully16.A.dispelB.exterminateC.escapeD.elude17.A.remindB.remindingC.remindedD.beingreminded18.A.toB.ofC.atD.with19.A.shillB.yetC.hardlyD.image◆选词填空Directions;Completeeachsentence(1-10)byfillingineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninthebrackets.Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Sentence1.Detailsofthecontract_________(made)publicyet.2.Winningthefirstprize__________(consider)agreathonor.152 3.Idon"twantthesubject__________(mention)againintheletter.4.________(ask)toofferhelp,shecouldn"tverywellrefuseit.5.___________(frustrate),hereturnedtohisformercompany.6.Inhisgenerationmoneywasthoughtofasrealcommoditythatcould_________(carry)of________(steal).7.Insomecompanies,businessmeetingsbeginpromptlyatthe_________(designate)timeandeveryoneisexpectedtobethere.8.Readingtooneselfisamodernactivitywhichwasalmost________(know)tothescholarsoftheclassicalandmedievalscholars.9.Time________(permit),thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.10.Suchsortofmistake_________(avoid)ifyouhadexamineditcarefully.PassageTherearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Therebasicwaysmaybe1asthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractwitheachother.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasare2againsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.3,theintroductionofmoneyasa4ofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.An5tothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissuecommandsastohowmuchofeachkindofgoodsandservicesshouldbeproduced,exchanged,and6byeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,7upbygovernment,showsamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsand8todifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsare9bytradition;everyperson"splaceintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingroupofclassmayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficultto10,astagnantsocietymayresult.AdetermineFgovernedKHenceBdescribedGeffectsLallocatedCtraditionalHtradedMcontrolledDdrawnIalternativeNconsumedEmediumJachieveOfixed第七章被动语态♦选择题1.C2.A3.B4.D5.C6.D7.D8.B9.C10.D11.B12.A13.B14.C15.B16.A17.C18.B19.A20.C21.D22.C23.D24D25.A26.C27.B28.C29.C30.B31.D32.B33.B34.A35.A36.D37.C38.B39.C40.D♦改错题1.so→neither本题and后的句子用了锢装结构,说明did前面用的是否定词。根据句意,此处应用neither表示“既不……也不……”2.increased前面加been本句中product痛与capacity构成被动关系,因此在increased前面加becr^3.hecares→doeshecare否定词never位于句首,用部分倒装结构,即把助动词提前。4.wasseen加to被动句中作谓语的过去分词后跟其他动词要加上too5.dosed前面加been本句中factory与closedown构成被动。152 6.offering→offered本句中she与offer构成被动关系。7.sendto→sendfor短语sendfordoctor意为“去看医生”8.made→madetomake,let,see等动词用在被动语态中加不定式to用来连接其他动词。9.youpay→youwillpayor引到结果状语从句,表示动作在主句之后发生,因此用or后用将来时。10.be→being短语beusedtodoing意为“习惯于做某事”。11.raise→beraised本句中pay与raise构成被动。12.understood→misunderstood根据文中的difficult,此处要用misunderstood表示“误解”13.by→for短语beknownfor意为“因而出名”14.increasing→increasedincreased意为“增强的％15.with→afterbepatternedafter意为“模仿,效仿”。16.havingbeenorbited→—^orbiting句中orbit意为“环绕(天体等)的轨道运行”与主语satellite构成主动关系,所以用的主动形式》17.Looking→Looked状语中的动词look与主句中的Bituation构成被动关系。■18.droppedon→droppedoff短语dropoff意为“逐渐减少”。PassageASI.started→starts本文是对一本书籍章节内容的介绍,用一般现在时。S2.covered→covering状语中的cover与主语charterone构成主动,故用现在分词作状语。S3.effects→affects谓语动词用affects表示“影响”,effects表示“效果”。S4.followed→arefollowed本句为被动语态,因此在过去分词前面要加be动词的适当形式。S5.normal→abnormal本句讲述了有关写作技巧的这一章节的内容,涵盖了技术写作的各方面问题。从mattera可以判断出这里列举写作中的种种问题,所以用abnormal符合题意。S6.performing→performswhich从句中动词follows后接逗号,由此判断此处应用表示并列关系的谓语动词,所以用performs。S7.use→beu8edthat从句后用被动语态,表示“可供读者使用的写作练习”。S8.handle→handling介词of后面用动词的现在分词。S9.rise→arise表示问题的产生应用arise。S10.recognized→recognizing用现在分词recognizing作状语,表示伴随。PassageBS1.refuse→resistresistthetemptation为习惯搭配,意为“抵挡诱惑”。S2.designing→designeddesignedto意为“为……而设计”S3.ask→demand表示需求应用demand。S4.want→wantscitizen为单数,因此定语从!句的谓语也要用单数。S5.unavailable→available根据句意,用available表示‘‘可以买到”S6.custom-building→custom-builtcustom-buil|t;意为“订做的”。S7.For→Onthebasis与on搭配,意为“以…为基础,’。58.exemplify→exeraplifiesindustry后谓语要用第三人称单数形式。♦翻译題1.characterizedbyvividnessandbrevity.2.wronglyinformed#•3.iscomposedof4willbecompleted5.isgoingtobeexamined6.Itispointedoutthat7.Stressmustbelaid8.arerequestedtoshowtheirtickets9.isexpectedto10.asfastastheyaregathered;whenevertheyareneeded11.关于这一方法的一个著名的例子早在古希腊时期就被阐述过了。12.据报道,2000年的固定资产投资总量髙达20亿元,比上年增加30%。152 13.我们需要付出巨大的努力,掌握并应用高新技术,开发新的名牌产品,以便能够贏得更大的市场份额。14.由这位著名教授最先概括的常用写作技巧已在数不淸的教科书中重印,大多数学生可能都在这些书中见过。15.大学存在的重要原因既不在于纯粹向学生传授知识,也不仅仅在于为教师提供研究的机会。♦完形填空1.C考查语法结构。“with+名词+分词”复合结构表示动作和句子主语是主动关系。本句意为:在意大利人的生活中,家庭最重要,其次是教堂,排第三位的是咖啡馆。2.A考查逻辑关系。根据本句中的―06195%oftheItaliansareCatholic可以推断出主句部分是对这一数据的粗略估计。3.D考查动词辨析。本句意为:据粗略估计,将近95%的意大利人是天主教徒。a^ess意为“评估,对(财产等)估价”;appraised意为“估价”;evaluate意为‘估计价值,鉴定”;estimate意为“估计数量”。4.C考查短语辨析。occurtosb.意为“某人突然想起”5.D考查短语辨析。bebroughtupasbabiesinthechurch意为“从小在教堂里长大”。6.B考查动词辨析。stand意为“代表,作为”。本句大意:尽管许多大教堂是艺术的博物馆,但对意大利人来说,教堂更是—个避难所,一个精神上、宗教上也是身体上的避难所。7.Aaswell用在句末表示“也,同样地”。8.Daswellaa用在句中表示并列关系。9.B考查固定搭配intimeof...,表示“在处于困境的时候"。10.A考查逻辑关系。本句意为:也许,再没有人能象意大利人那样从教堂里得到的那么多,因为也没有人能象他们那样对教堂投人的那么多。11.C根据前半句中的as可以推断出这里填人的词也应该是助012.C考查短语搭配。putsth.into意为“投入*。13.A考查短语的搭配。本段讲述了意大利教堂对女性的影响力甚于对男性的影响力,而女性会坚持要求自己的孩子、丈夫恋人信仰天主教。根据上下文逻辑关系,选inturn符合题意,指“反过来”14.D考查动词短语的搭配。insistonsb.doing8th.意为“坚持要求某人做某事“15.A考查副词辨析。本句强调意大利教堂对意大利人生活的重大影响力,根据逻辑关系,用surely表示肯定意义16.C考查动词辨析。根据前一句的内容,本句指人们无法逃脱教堂的影响力的存在,所以用escape合适17.B考查语法结构。主语thespiresandthedomesofthechurches与remind构成主动,用现在分词形式表示伴随状语18.B考查固定搭配。本句中的remind和of搭配,指“提醒某人某事”19.A考查副词。本句意为:即使在所在城镇的市长是共产主义者,神父和主教依然被人们视为最重要的人物,still符合句意。yet用在否定句中;hardly表不否定,与句意不符;consequently表75因果关系。20.A考查名同辨析。figure指人物,符合题意。♦选词填空Sentence1.haven’tbeenmade考查完成时的被动语态。yet用于现在完成时的否定句中。2.was/is/willbeconsideredtobe考查被动语态。主语winningthefirstprize与consider构成被动关系,所以本题可以用过去时、现在时或将来时的被动语态。3.tobementioned考查不定式的被动语态。mention与subject在逻辑上构成被动关系,因此用tobedone结构。4.Beingasked考查分词的正确使用。Beingasked在此处做状语,表示动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动词同时发生。5.Frustrated考查过去分词用法。frustrate的主语也是主句中的he,所以用过去分词frustrated作状语,相当于时间状语从句whenhewasfrustrated,意为“当他很疲惫的时候”。6.becarried,stolen考查情态动词的被动语态。其结构为couldbedone。7.designated考查分词的使用。designate与time在意义上构成被动关系,所以用过去分词designated表示“指定的”。8.unknown考查被动语态。beunknowntosb.意为“为某人所不了解”。152 9-permitting考查独立主格结构。前后分句主语不同并且没有连接词,所以用独立主格结构表示原因。独立主格的构成方式为:名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词(短语)。本句中time与permit构成主动关系,因此用timepermitting,指“时间允许的话”。10.couldhavebeenavoided考查虚拟语气。从句用haddone结构表示与过去事实相反,所以主句中用couldhavedone。由于mistake和avoid构成被动关系,此处应填couldhavebeenavoidedPassage[词性分类]名词:E)medium媒介、方式;G)effects效果;I)alternative可选择的事物动词:A)determine决定;B)described描述(过去式/过去分词);D)drawn起草(过去式/过去分词);F)governed决定、指导、影响、管理(过去式/过去分词);H)traded交易、买卖(过去式/过去分词);J)achieve实现(目的)、取得(成就);L)allocated分配(过去式/过去分词);M)controlled控制(过去式/过去分词);N)consumed消费(过去式/过去分词);0)fixed安装(过去式/过去分j词)形容词:C)traditional传统的副词:K)Hence因此1.B本文第一句话提到了个人经济部门相;互作用的各种方式。本句描述了这些方1式的具体名称,所以bedescribedas符合题意。2.H前文提到了各种商品交易的方式。本"句所要表达的是“在物物交换的经济中像汽车、鞋子、披萨等真实货品都能相互交易",因此选traded(交易)3.K本题要选一个副词做状语,选项中只要hence符合题意,表示因果关系。4.Eamediumofexchange激为种交换.的方式”。5.I在an的后面要选择一原因发音为开头的名词单数形式,符合题意的选项只有alternative。本句意为“除了市场体制以外,还有由某些机构控制所有交易调节的行政管理法”6.N根据本句中的和exchanged可以判断此处也应用过去分词,表示并列结构。根据句意,选consumed,意为“生产、交易、消费每种商品和服务”。7.D此处为过去分词短语修饰主语plan,选drawn与up搭配,意为“由起草、拟定”。8.L连接并列结构。选allocated意为“分配”9.F本段介绍了传统的管理方法。根据题意,选governed,意义与前文出现的controlled一致。10.J固定搭配achievesuccess意为“取得成功"非谓语动词◆选择题Directions;Foreachsentence(1-40)therearefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim________.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto2.Ishouldsaythatyouaremostunlikely__________theexaminationthistime.A.passB.topassC.inpassingD.passing3.I"mstillunabletomakemyself__________inthisdiscussion,whichworriesmealot.A.tobeunderstoodB.understandingC.understoodD.understand4.Shedidn"tknow________toexpressherideasclearlywhenshewasinvitedtospeakatameeting.A.whereB.whyC.howD.what5.TheMayDayHoliday___________over,wemustnowgetdowntowork.A.beB.beingC.tohavebeenD.tobe6.__________travelingexpensesrisingalot,Mrs.Whitehadtochangeallherplansforthetour.A.SinceB.AsforC.ByD.With7.Iwouldappreciate____________itasecret.A.yourkeepingB.youtokeepC.youwillkeepD.thatyoukeep8.____________,wewentswimmingintheriver.A.ThedaybeingveryhotB.ItwasaveryhotdayC.ThedaywasveryhotD.Beingaveryhotday152 9.Thisnovelwaswritteninsuchaninterestingway_______________allofus.A.asfarasattractB.assoonastoattractC.astoattractD.toattract10.You"dbetter_________thewateruntilithasbeenboiled.A.nottodrinkB.notdrinkC.notdrunkD.notdrinking11.Oneofmyforeignfriendsislookingforwardto_________mycountry.A.visitB.visitingC.havingvisitedD.beingvisiting12.Itissaidthattheagreement____________betweenthetwocompanieslastmonthwillbecomeeffectivefromMay1st.A.tosignB.signedC.tobesignedD.signing13.Acoolrainwasfalling,_________withsnow.A.mixedB.mixingC.tomixD.havingmixed14.Hewassittinginthechair,_____________abook.A.readB.wasreadingC.readingD.withreading15.________withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.A.WhencomparedB.WhilecomparingC.CompareD.Comparing16.________in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.FoundingB.ItwasfoundedC.BeingfoundedD.Founded17.________mainlyfortheinventionofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBelldevotedhislifetohelpingthedeaf.A.HeisrememberedB.WhilebeingrememberedC.ToberememberedD.Thoughremembered18.Peterisagoodstudent,________hisbestsubject.A.AsEnglishB.EnglishasC.BeingEnglishD.Englishbeing19.Iunderstoodyouwerethird-yearstudents________inEnglish.A.WhomajorsB.WhomajorisC.havemajoredD.majoring20.Fromthedates________ontheplates,wedecidedthattheyweremadeinSongDynasty.A.markingB.havingbeenmarkedC.markedD.tobemarked21.There________nofreshdrinkingwaterandnogoodfarmland,itwasnotacomfortableplaceinwhichtolive.A.beB.wasC.wereD.being22.Anypacket________properlywillnotbeacceptedbythepostoffice.A.nottobewrappedB.notbeingwrappedC.notwrappedD.nothavingbeenwrapped23.________thattheyarefreshfromuniversity,theyoungpeoplehavedoneagoodjob.A.GivenB.BecauseC.GivingD.As24.Helenhadtoshout________abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardC.tomakeherselfheard25.I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything________?A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought26.________thefrontdoor________,shehadtoentertheroomthroughthebackdoor.A.Seen;paintedB.Seeing;paintedC.Beingseen;beingpaintedD.Seeing;beingpainted27.I"veworkedwithchildbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expect28.________suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered29.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen30Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating31.Victorapologizedfor________toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.152 A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable32.AccordingtoarecentU.S.Survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek________TV.A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch33.Thefluisbelieved________byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused34.Theflowers________sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt35.Fivepeoplewerereported________intheaccident.A.tobekilledB.tokillC.killedD.tohavebeenkilled36.Ihaveoneortwothings________.A.tolookB.toseeC.toseetoD.tolookto37.________isbadforhishealth.A.MikesmokingB.Mike’ssmokingC.Mike’sbeingsmokingD.Mikesmokes38.Icameintotheclassroom,________myseatandsatdowntoread.A.findingB.tofindC.foundD.founded39.IamtiredandIdon’tfeellike________anyfurther.A.towalkB.tobewalkingC.walkingD.walk40.________byacrowdofpeople,Ifeltnervous,________whattosay.A.Watching,didn’tknowB.Havingwatched,andnotknewC.Havingbeenwatch,notknowD.Beingwatched,notknowing改错题Directions:thispartconsistsof20sentencesand3passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistake.Ineachpassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.（错误类型：语序，词的形式，漏词，多词，语义逻辑，一致性等）1.Knowingnotwhichroadtotake,westoppedtolookatthemap.2.Theoldcouplestilllivedinthemountains,seemedtoworryaboutnothingintheworld.3.Thesecandlesmaybebeautifultolook,buttheyarenotbrightenoughforreading.4.WhenSusanawoke,shefoundherselflieonthebankofariver.5.Wonitswarforindependencein1783,theUnitedStatesthenstruggledtoestablishitsowneconomicandfinancialsystem.6.Themothersteppedintothehotel,followingbyhertwoyoungdaughter.7.Longbeforethedawnofrecordedhistory,humanscelebratedtoharvesttheircrops.8.Aconductorusedsignalsandgesturestoletthemusicianstoknowwhentoplayvariouspartsofacomposition.9.Forancientpeople,mythswereoftenattemptedexplanationcatastrophiceventssuchasvolcaniceruptions.10.Shecan’tpermithersonanddaughterbeinsulted.11.Heapologizedtotheteacherforbenotabletohandinhishomeworkintime.12.Doyoumindmeopeningthewindow?13.Shegaveupherjobasnursebecauseshefoundthechildrentoodifficulttolookedafter.14.IlivedinChongqingforseveralyearsandI’mnowaccustomedtoeathotfood.15.TherearesomanydressesthatIreallydon’tknowwhytochoose.16.Weshouldreadmoreandseemoreinordertowideourhorizons.17.Istayedupallnighttriedtofindanewsolutiontotheproblem.152 18.I’mstillunabletomakemyselfbeunderstoodinthediscussion.19.Insomepartsofthiscity,missingabusmeanswaitforanotherhour.20.MysecretaryaskedmeifIhadanythingforhertypingbeforesheleft.PassageAWhenyoustarttalkingaboutgoodandbadmannersyouimmediatelystaremeetingdifficulties.Manypeoplejustcannotagreewhattheymean.Weaskedalady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell-manneredpersononthewaytheyS1.________occupiedthespacearoundthem--forexample,whensuchapersonwalksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareofS2.________others.Suchpeopleneverbumpintootherpeople.However,asecondpersonthoughtthatthiswasmoreaquestionofcivilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners.Instead,thisS3.________otherpersontoldusastory,ithesaidwasquitewellknown,S4.________aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvitedtoanArabmealatS5.________oneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast.TheAmericanhasn’tS6.________beentoldverymuchaboutthekindoffoodhemightexpect.IfhehadknownaboutAmericanfood,hemighthavebehavedbetter.S7.________Immediatelybeforehimwasaveryflatpieceofbreadthatlooked,tohim,verymuchasanapkin(餐巾).PickingitS8.________up,heputitintohiscollar,sothatitfallsacrosshisshirt.S9.________HisArabhost,whohadbeenwatching,saidofnothing,butS10.________immediatelycopiedtheactionofhisguest.Andthat,saidthissecondperson,wasafineexampleofgoodmanners.PassageBCulturereferstothesocialheritageofapeople--thelearnedpatternsforthinking,feelingandactingthatcharacterizeapopulationorsociety,includetheexpressionofthesepatternsinS1.________materialthings.CultureiscomposeofnonmaterialcultureS2.________abstractcreationslikevalues,beliefs,customsandinstitutionalArrangements,andmaterialculture--physicalobjectlikeS3.________cookingpots,computersandbathtubs.Insum,culturereflectsboththeideasweshareoreverythingwemake.InordinaryS4.________speech,apersonofcultureistheindividualcanspeakanotherS5.________language,thepersonwhoisunfamiliarwiththearts,music.S6.________literature,philosophy,orhistory.Buttosociologists,tobehumanistobecultured;becauseofcultureisthecommonworldS7.________ofexperiencewesharewithothermembersofourgroup.Cultureisessentiallytoourhumanness.ItprovidesakindS8.________ofmapforrelatingtoothers.Considerhowyoufeelyourwayaboutsociallife.Howdoyouknowhowtoactinaclassroom,oradepartmentstore,ortowardapersonwhosmilesorlaughS9.________atyou?Yourculturesuppliesyoubybroad,standardized,S10.________ready-madeanswersfordealingwitheachofthesesituations.Therefore,ifweknowaperson’sculture,wecanunderstandandevenpredictagooddealofhisbehavior.PassageC“Home,sweethome”isaphrasethatexpressesanessentialattitudeintheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthefamilyhouseissweetornosweet,theS1.________cherishedidealofhomehasgreatimportanceformanypeople.ThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenth-centuryEuropeansettlersoftheAmericanWest,wastofindapieceofplace,buildahouseforone’sfamily,andS2.________startedafarm.ThesesmallhouseholdswereportraitsofS3.________independence:theentirefamily--mother,father,children,evengrandparents--liveinasmallhouseandworkingS4.________togethertosupporteachother.AnyoneunderstoodthelifeS5.________anddeathimportanceoffamilycooperationandhardwork.AlthoughmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesnolongerliveonfarms,buttheidealofhomeownershipisjustasS6.________stronginthetwentiethcenturyasitwasinthenineteenth.WhenU.S.152 SoldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarII,forS7.________example,theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstaringfamilies.ButtherewasatremendousboominhomeS8.________building.Thenewhouses,typicallyinthesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorlessidentical,butitsatisfiedS9.________adeepneed.Manyregardedthesingle-familyhousethebasisoftheirwayoflife.S10._______翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-7bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethesentences8-12intoChinese.1._________________________________(我原想打电话的),butIforget.2.I’msorry_________________________(占用了你许多时间).3.Heisalwaystalkingabout__________________(搬到乡下去).4.____________(伤势很重),Allenwasrushedtothenearesthospital.5.Whiletalkingonthephoneshekept____________(换电视频道).6.Theteacherfoundsomestudents________________(在课堂上睡觉).7.Theblackdogcameback,_____________________(在两条黄狗的陪伴下).8.It’snousetalkingtoherabouttheimportanceofthedocument._____________________________________________________9.Onseeingthewindowhehadbroken,theboyfeltverysorry._____________________________________________________10.Thelittlegirlwasmadetocryforalongtimebyhiswords._____________________________________________________11.Thegovernmententitledoldpeopleinthiscitytoridingfreebuses.______________________________________________________12.AsaparentIknowtheeasierrouteistokeepkidsfromlosingsomethingratherthantofacetheirfrustrationwhenithappens._______________________________________________________选词填空Directions:Completeeachsentence(1-10)byfillingineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninthebrackets.Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Sentence1.There_________(be)nothingmoretodiscuss,themanagerdismissedthemeeting.2.Thegirl________(stand)atthedoorismysister.3.Doyoumindmy______(take)thisseat?4.The________(fall)leaveswereremovedbythegarbagecollector.5.When_________(take)tothesafeplacethelittlegirlcouldn’thelpcrying.6.Withanewtechnique_________(work)out,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby27%.7.Isuggest_________(hold)anothermeetingnextweek.8.Yourhairwantscutting.You’dbetterhaveit_______(do)tomorrow.9.It’sapleasure_____________(listen)tolightmusiclateatnight.10.Theforceoftheexplosionwassostrongas__________(break)allthewindows.PassageThemedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironmentinhospitalsmayplaya1___roleintheprocessof___2formillness.Aspartofanationwide___3inBritaintobringartoutofthegalleriesandintopublicplace,ofthe2,500NationalHealthServicehospitalsinBritain,almost100nowhavesignificantcollectionsof4artincorridors,waitingareasandtreatmentrooms.A5hospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas5,000visitorseachweek.Whatabetterplacetoholdregularexhibitionsofart!Seniorheldthefirst6ofhisownpaintingsintheoutpatientswaitingareaofthe152 ManchesterRoyalHospitalin1975.BelievedtobeBritain’sfirsthospitalartist,Seniorwassomuchindemandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamofsixyoungartschool7.Theeffectisstriking.Nowinthecorridorsandwaitingroomsthevisitorexperiencesafullviewoffreshcolors,playfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.The8oftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugswhenapatientisrecoveringfromanillness.Astudyhasshownthatpatientswhohada9ontoagardenneededhalfthenumberofstrongpainkillers10withpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlyabrickwalltolookat.AContraryFEffortKContemporaryBSimplyGAdoptLNormalCViewHTypicalMRecoveryDSignificantIQualityNGraduatesEExhibitionJCultureOcompared第八章非谓语动词♦选择题1.A2.B3.C4.C5.B6.D7.A8.A9.C10.B11.B12.B13.A14.C15.A16.D17.D18.D19.D21.D22.C23.A24.D25.B26.B27.B28.A29.A30.C31.C32.C33.C34.B35.D36.C37.B38.C39.C40.D改错题1.Knowingnot→Notknowing分词的否定形式应该是“not+分词”构成。2.seemed→seeming分词作状语,其表示的动作是主语的一部分,其逻辑主语与主句的主语一致,theoldcouple和seem之间是主动关系,所以现在用分词形式。3.tolook→tolookat是不及物动词,后面应加上介词at。4.like→lyingfindsb.Doingsth.(发现某人正在做某事)。5.Won→Winning分词作状语,主要是看主动还是被动,美国赢得胜利应该是主动,所以要将won改为winning。6.following→followed分词短语作伴随状态,themother和follow之间是被动关系,所以要将要将following改为followed。7.toharvest→harvesting及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将toharvestg改为harvesting。8.toknow→knowlet是使役动词,后面不需要to,C改为know。9.explanation→toexplainattempt是不及物动词,attempttodosth.试图/尝试做某事。10.beinsulted→tobeinsultedpermitsb.Todosth.允许/容许某人做某事,另外,herson和insult之间应该是被动关系,所以应改为tobeinsulted。11.benot→notbeingfor是介词,其后的动词应该用–ing形式,分词的否定形式应该是“not+分词”,所以应该改成notbeing。12.I→mymindsb.Doingsth.=mindsb"sdoingsth.介意某人做某事。13.looked→lookto不定式后应接动词原形。14.eat→eatingbeaccustomedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事。15.why→which带疑问词的不定式,由疑问词what,where,how,who,which等引导,本句句意识“我这不知道该选择哪一件”,相应的疑问句是which。16.wide→widen这里应该用动词形式,而wide是形容词,widen是动词,表示“放宽、扩展”,widenone’shorizon拓宽某人的眼界、tried→tryingstayupdoingsth.熬夜做某事。beunderstood→understoodmakeoneselfundeistood固定搭配,意为:将自己的意思表达淸楚。wait→waiting考査动名词作宾语。注意区分某些动词后接不定式与动名词的区别。Meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味着……,类似的用法还有:forgettodosth,forgetdoingsth,stoptodosth,stopdoingsth,remembertodosth,rememberdoingsth.等。152 typing→totype秘书问我在她离开之前是否有东西让她打印。根据句子结构,此处应该填不定式结构,不定式放在代词后面作定语,与其修饰的词之间是动宾关系。PassageAS1.on→by本句句意为:根据人们如何占用周围空间的方式来判断。显然ontheway应改为bytheway意为“按……方式”。S2.unaware→aware根据上下文(welll-manneredperson,suchpeopleneverbumpintootherpeople)可知这样的人走在街上,会注意到行人,不会撞到别人。beaware试意为“注意到,意识到”。S3.as→than分析句子结构可知这个句子是比较句型。上一行中出现了more,那本句的as就应该改成than。S4.it→which分析句子结构,可以看出这句话应该是一个非限定性定语从句,所以要把it改成which引导非限制性定语从句。S5.incountry前通常用介词in,而不是at。S6.hasn’t→hadn’t:整篇文章的时态均是过去时和过去完成时,在通过对句意的分析,可以看出这里应该用过去完成时。S7.American→Arab根据上下文可以得知这句话的意思应该是.•如果这位美国人对阿拉伯食品有所了解。所以应该将American改为Arab。S8.as→likeas用作介词时意思是:作为,like的意思则是:像,根据本行句意,很容易看出这里指的是:……在他眼里看上去像一块餐巾。S9.falls—fell根据全文所用时态,不难看出,这里应该用一般过去时。S10.删去ofsay为及物动词,后面不需要介词of。PassageBS1.include→including分析句子可知这里应该用现在分词短语作状语,所以应将include改为including。S2.compose→composedbecomposedof是固定搭配,意为“由……组成”,所以应将compose改为composed。S3.object→objects根据下文的举例可以看出这里的object应该是复数形式,所以应该将object改为objects。S4.or→and分析句子可知这里应该是both...and...搭配,所以将or改成and。S5.individual后加who根据下文的thepersonwhocan可知,这里应该是定语从句,修饰的是theindividual,所以在应can前面加关系代词who。S6.unfamiliar—familiar分析句子可知,这里指的是熟悉艺术、音乐、文学等的人,所以将unfamiliar改为familiar。S7.删去ofbecauseof后不能接句子,所以将becauseof改为because。S8.essentially→essential这里应该用形容词作表语,所以将essentially改为essential。S9.laugh→laughs这里的laugh和smiles并列,共同作这个定语从句的谓语,由于其先行词为单数,所以应该将laugh改成laughs。S10.by->withsupply通常的用法有:supplysb.Withsth.或者supplysth.Forsb.所以应该将suppliesyouby改成suppliesyouwith。PassageCS1.no→not分词的否定式:not+分词。S2.place→landplace是可数名词,作“地方”讲,而land意为“土地,田地”是不可数名词。S3.started→startstart应使用不定式,以和前面的find,build—致。S4.working→workwork应该用第三人称复数,和live—致。另外,family在这里作“家人”讲,是复数。S5.anyone→everyone这里是要用everyone指每个人,而不是要用anyone泛指。S6.删去but根据上下文的分析,可发现这里没有转折的含义,所以将but删去。S7.before→after根据上下文判断,这里要表达的是二战之后。S8.but→and根据语意,这里要表达的是递进关系,而不是转折关系。S9.it—they根据句意可看出it应指代的是thenewhouses,所以也相应的应该是复数形式,那么就要将it改为they。S10.house后加asregard…as作“把当作……”。152 ♦翻译题1.Imeanttohavetelephonedmeantodosth.打算做某事,这里mean应该用过去时meant,前边说的是过去计划如何,但后面说事实上忘记做了,那与过去事实相反,所以用meanttohavedone。2.tohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime占用:takeup,另外time是不可数名词所以用much。3.movingtothecountrysideabout是介词,所以后面的动词要用-ing形式,搬到:moveto...。4.Seriouslyinjured分词作状语,Allen和injure之间是被动关系,所以用injured,修饰受伤的程度“严重地”:seriously,副词。5.changingtheTVchannelskeepdoingsth.表示“一直在做某事"6.sleepinginclassfindsb.doingsth•发现某人正在做某事。7.accompaniedbytwoyellow.dogs“陪伴":accompany,后半句表示一个伴随状态,其主语就是主句的主语“theblackdog”,主语和“accompany”之间是被动关系,所以翻译成:accompaniedbytwoyellowdogs。8.和她谈论这份文件的重要性是没有用的。9.看到被打碎了的窗户,那个男孩很不好意思。10.他说的话让这个小女孩哭了很久。11.政府规定本市老人有权免费乘坐公共汽车。12.为人父母,我知道比较容易的做法是不让孩子经历失败,而不是教他们如何面对因失败而产生的挫败感。♦选词填空Sentence1.being用作状语的therebe的形式通常用therebeing结构。2.standing现在分词词组作后置定语。3.takingmindsb"sdoingsth.=mindsb.doingsth.介意某人做某事。4.fallenthefallenleaves落叶,fallen作leaves的定语。5.taken时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,都是thelittlegirl,此时,when后的主语可省去,直接接分词,由于主语和take之间是被动关系,所以填taken。6.worked“with+名词+分词”组成的独立结构,作状语,表状态或原因,由anewtechnique和workout之间是被动关系,那么就应填人worked。7.holdingsuggestdoingsth.建议做某事。8.donehavesth.done这件事并不是自己动手来完成,而是交由别人来做。9.tolistenit’sapleasuretodosth.很荣幸/髙兴做某亊。10.tobreakso…asto:如此……以至于/如此……以致(表结果或目的)。Passage1.D根据对句子的分析,可以得知需找出一个形容词来修饰role,因此选择significant。2.M由空格后的介词短语fromillness推断出选recover。3.F空格前是anationwide,因此应该选择—个能与之搭配的名词,所以选effort。4.K空格前面是of,后面是art,因此应该选择能与art搭配,并修饰art的单词,所以选contemporary。5.H空格前是不定冠词,后面是名词hospital,因此选typical来修饰。6.E通过对句子的分析可以看出空格中应该一个名词,且可以和介词后面的hisownpaintings搭配。所以选exhibition。7.N空格前是sixyoung«tschool,能与之搭配的名词只有graces。8.I从句子结构来看,应该选择一个能做句子主语的单词,所以选quality。9.C通过对句子的分析,可以看出应选一个可数名词,并且要与介词短语ontoagarden搭配,所以选view。aviewontoagarden看得见花园。10.0根据句子的时态可以看出应该选一个动词的过去式,所以选compared。虚拟语气选择题Directions:ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.IfIhadabike,I_______ittoyouyesterday.152 A.WouldlendB.lentC.hadlentD.wouldhavelent2.Iftheearthsuddenly_______spinning,wewouldallflyoffit.A.stopsB.stoppedC.hasstoppedD.isstopping3.________faraway,wecouldhavewalkedthere.A.TheplacehavenotbeenB.IftheplacewasnotC.WeretheplacenotD.Hadtheplacenotbeen4.Wecouldnothavefulfilledthetaskintimeifit_______fortheirhelp.A.wasnotB.isnotC.hadnotbeenD.hasnotbeen5.Themanagerdemandedthatalltheemployees_____thenewsafetyrules.A.wouldobserveB.observeC.observedD.willobserve6.Itismostdesirablethathe_______fortheinformationbyhimselfwithafewclicksonline.A.searchB.searchedC.hassearchedD.willsearch7.Ithinkit’shightimewe_____strictmeasurestostoppollution.A.willtakeB.takeC.tookD.havetaken8.______lastFriday,hewouldhavegottoParis.A.WouldheleaveB.HadheleftC.IfheistoleaveD.Ifhewasleaving9.Thecommitteemembersproposethattheplan______postponedforafewdays.A.beingB.beenC.tobeD.Be10.Icouldhavecalledyouyesterday,butI_______yourtelephonenumber.A.didn’thaveB.hadn’thadC.won’thaveD.wouldn’thave11.Ididn’tgowiththemtothebeachyesterday.ButIdowishI_______there.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.am12.______hewasseriouslyill.Iwouldn’thavetoldhimthetruth.A.DidIknowB.HadIknownC.IfIknowD.IfIknew13.Itisnecessarythattheproblem______insomewayorother.A.issettledB.wassettledC.besettledD.hasknown15.Butforthestorm,theplane_____safely.A.wouldlandB.willlandC.havelandedD.wouldhavelanded16.IfonlyI_______backhome.Hereistoonoisy.A.amB.wereC.willbeD.was17.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,He_______ourchairmannow.A.wouldhaveB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe18.Justfancywhatlife________likeifwehadnoelectricity!A.isB.willbeC.wouldbeD.was19.Webookroomsatthehotel______weshouldfindnoourarrival.A.wheneverB.ifC.sinceDlest20.There______beanymilkleftorIwouldhaveseenitinthefridge.A.couldnotB.mightnotC.mustnotD.oughtnotto21.______rightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.A.IfhewasoperatedonB.HadhebeenoperatedC.WasheoperatedonD.Shouldhebeenoperatedon22.Hardly_____downhimsteppedin.A.hadIsat;thanB.Ihadsat;withC.hadIsat;thenD.hadIsat;when23.Theprojecttobuildthebridge____bytheendofthemonth.A.hasbeencompletedB.willhavecompletedC.isbeingcompletedD.willhavebeencompleted24.______Irealizedtheconsequences,Iwouldneverhavedonethat.A.UnlessB.IfC.whenD.Had25._________ghostexistsintheworld.That’syourillusion.A.NotsuchathingasB.NotsuchathingasaC.NotsuchthingasaD.Notsuchthingas152 26.They________sotiredifthey____forawholeday.A.wouldn’tfeel;didn’twalkB.wouldn’tfeel;weren’twalkingC.wouldn’tbefeeling;weren’twalkingD.wouldn’tbeenwalking27.If________theirterms,wewouldgobankrupt.A.weacceptB.weshouldacceptC.wehadacceptedD.wearetoaccept28.Heinsistedondoing__________goodtoothers.A.whathethoughtitwasB.whathethoughtwasC.wehadacceptedD.wearetoaccept29.He_______unwisely,buthewasatlasttryingtodosomethinghelpful.A.mayhaveactedB.musthaveactedC.shouldactD.wouldact30.IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforsolong.It’sabouttimeyou_____abletowritelettersinEnglish.A.shouldbeB.wereC.mustbeD.are31.Muchas,Icouldn’tlendhimthemoneybecauseIsimplydidn’thavethatmuchsparecash.A.IwouldhavelikedtoB.IwouldliketohaveC.IshouldhavetolikeD.Ishouldhavelikedto32.Ican’tgiveyouananswerbeforeI.A.thinkitoverB.thoughtitoverC.havethoughtitoverD.havingbeenthinkingitover33.youdecidedtotakeup,youshouldtrytomakeitasuccess.A.IfonlyB.UnlessC.howeverD.Whatever34.Heyouifyouhadn’tspokenslowly.A.wouldn’thaveunderstoodB.didn’tunderstandC.wouldn’tunderstandD.hadn’tunderstood35.asyoungasyouare,Iwouldn’thesitatetotaketheopportunity.A.WereIB.HadIbeenC.IfIamD.AmI36.Iwishthatyousuchabadheadache;otherwiseyouwouldsurelyhaveenjoyedtheconcert.A.Hadn’tB.hadn’thadC.didn’thavehadD.havedone37.Franklyspeaking,I’dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.don’tdoB.hadn’thadC.didn’thavehadD.hadn’thave◆改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof20sentencesand2passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistake.Ineachpassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.I’dratheryouwillnottakethoseimportantdocumentswithyou.2.Itisdesirablethateveryeffortmakestoreducethecost.3.It’stimesomethinghasbeendoneaboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.4.HetreatsmeasifIamastranger.5.Ifmywatchwerenotslowyesterday,Iwouldnothavebeenlate.6.Iwishyouattendedthemeetingyesterday.7.Thedoctorsuggestedthatthepatienttogiveupmoking.8.Itisimportantthateverystudentlistenstotheteaschercarefullyinclass.9.Itlooksasifitwasgoingtorain.10.Thereisasuggestionthatwewillstayhereforanothertwoweeks.11.IfonlyIhavearecorderofmyown!12.Iwishitisnotrainingnow.13.Butfortherain,wewentoutforpicnic.14.Themanagergaveordersthatthenewemployeesattendedaspecialnightclass.152 15.Ifyouhadworkedharder,youwillnotfailtheexam.16.I’mnottired.IfIamtired,Iwouldhavearest.17.Heproposedthatthemeetingwaspostponed.18.Iwouldratheryoustayforonemoreday.19.Ifyouhadnotstayeduplatelastnight,youarenotsosleepynow.20.Shewasn’tfeelingwell,otherwiseshedidn’tleavethemeetingsoearly.PassageAUntiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,manhasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedandS1.developed.NowhehadthecapabilitytoleavethatplanetS2.andmoveoutintotheuniversetothoseworldswhichhehasS3.knownpreviouslyonlydirectly.MenhaveexploredpartsofS4.themoon,putspaceshipsinorbitaroundanotherplanetandS5.possiblywithinthedecadewilllandintoanotherplanetandS6.exploreit.CanwebetooboldastosuggestthatwemaybeS7.abletocolonizeotherplanetwithinthenot-too-distantS8.future?SomehaveadvocatedsuchaprocedureasasolutionS9.tothepopulationproblrm—shiptheexcesspeopleofftotheS10.moon.Butwemustkeepinheadthebillionsofdollarswemightspendincarryingouttheproject.Tomaintaintheearth’spopulationatitspresentlevel,wewouldhavetoblastoffintospace7,500peopleeveryhourofeverydayoftheyear.Whyarewespendingsolittlemoneyonspaceexploration?Considerthegreatneedforimprovingmanyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment,oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresourcesthattheyarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts.Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthecoinbeforearrivinghastyconclusions.PassageBAgreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultiesWhicharenothingnewinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.AndanylargeorrichS1.cityisgoingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,S2.fillingwithhopesofprosperitywhicharethenoftenS3.disappointing.TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofS4.BombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeofS5.seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewisthescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centhrytravelersofthepoorS6.OfMexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundS7.There,areverydissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—S8.thepoorcanstillbenumberedinmillions.S9.Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butS10.Behinditliestwomyths:themythofthecityasapromisedland,ThatattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyandbringsItfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthecountryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,152 sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.◆翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-10bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethesentences11-15intoChinese.1.Hemadeasuggestionthat(联欢会在下周三举行).2.Irecommendedthat(大家都买这本书).3.Werehetotelluseverything,(我们就能设法解决他的问题).4.Itisessentialthat(每个孩子都应该享有同等的教育机会).5.Don’tcometomorrow,I’drather(你下周末来).6.Wemadeasuggestionthatpoliticalprisoners(被释放).7.Iwishyou(会开车).8.Herfaceissopale(似乎得了重病).9.(如果他们明晚参加晚会),weshouldhaveagoodtime.10.Ifyouhadtakenthepartyyesterday,(你就见到他了).11.Theyrequirethatvisitorsshouldnotsmokeintheworkshop.12.Hissuggestionisthatweclimballthewaytobetopofthemountain.13.Franklyspeaking,I’dlikeyousaynothingaboutitforthetimebeing.14.Theboypassedthefinalexam.Butifhehadspentmoretimeonthem,theresultswouldhavebeenmuchbetter.15.AproperlycoordinatedArmy-NavyorganizationwouldhavemadetheArmycommanderawarethattheNavywasnotconductinglongrangereconnaissanceonDecember7.◆选词填空Directions:Completeeachsentence(1-10)byfillingineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninthebrackets.Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Sentence1.It’stimeyou(begin)towork.2.Isuggestthathe(start)theprojectatonce.3.Ididn’tgowiththemtothebeachyesterday.ButIdowishI(be)there.4.Tomwouldfeelmuchbetterthismorningifthedoctor(notdelay)lastnight.5.Askhertoleaveamessageifshe(come).6.Helooksasifhe(do)hishomework.7.Ifhehadnotbeenill,he(notmiss)somanylessons.8.IfI(take)youradvice,I(notmake)suchabadmistake.9.Itisrequiredthateveryemployee(come)intheiruniformbefore8:00a.m..10.Iwouldratheryou(nottell)herthebadnews.PassageAsubjectwhichseemstohavebeeninsufficientlystudiedbydoctorsandPsychologistsistheinfluenceofgeographyandclimateonthepsychologicalandphysicalhealthofhumankind.Thereseemsnodoubtthatthegeneralcharacteroflandscape,therelativelengthofdayandnight,andclimatemustallplayapartin1whatkindofpeopleweare.152 Itistruethatafewstudieshavebeenmade.WherealltheinhabitantsofaParticularareaenjoy2goodorbadhealth,scientistshaveidentified3factorssuchasthepresenceorabsenceofsubstanceslikeiodine,fluoride,calcium,orironinthewatersupply,orperhapstypesoflandthatprovide4placesforpestslikemosquitoesorrats.Moreover,wecanall5abouttypesofpeoplewehavemet.Thoselivingincountrieswithlongdarkwintersare6tobelesstalkativeandlesslivelythaninhabitantsofcountrieswheretheclimateismore7.Andwhereolivesandorangesgrow,theinhabitantsarecheerful,talkativeandcasual.Butthesecommonplacegeneralizationsareinadequate;theinfluenceofclimateandgeographyshouldbestudiedin8.Doallmountain9livetoaripeoldage?Doesthedrinkingofwine,ratherthanbeer,resultinasunnyandopencharacter?IsthestrengthandheightofaKenyantribeduetotheir10drinkingofthecowblood?Wearenotyetsureoftheanswerstosuchquestions,butletushopethatsomethingofbenefittomankindmayeventuallyresultfromsuchstudies.AnotablyFbreedingKgeneralizeBdecidingGspecializeLdepthCdeterminingHsteadyMdwellersDestablishedIaptNcontributoryEhabitualJequableOexceptionally第九章虚拟语气♦选择题1.D2.B3.D4.C5.B6.A7.C8.B9.D10.A11.B12.B13.C14.A15.D16.B17.D18.C19.D20.A21.B22.D23.D24.D25.C26.D27.B28.B29.A30.B31.A32.C33.D34.A35.A36.B37.B♦改错题1.will→did虚拟语气,wouldrather引导的从句中的谓语动词要求用过去时态,表示对现在或将来情况的建议。2.makes→(should)bemadeitis+形容词+that从句,desirable属于这一类的形容词,因此从句要用虚拟语气,即:+动词原形,should可省去,另外effort和make之间是被动关系,所以应改成:(should)bemade。3.hasbeen→was虚拟语气,“itistime…”引导的从句谓语动词常用过去式,听以改成was.4.am→were考査asif的用法,从旬表示夸大的比喻或从句所说的内容不可能发生,则用虚拟语气,所以将改成am改成were,注意不能写成was。5.werenot→hadnotbeen非真实条件句,与过去事实相反,条件句谓语动词的形式应该是haddone,根据句意,应改hadnotbeen。6.attended→hadattended.虚拟语气,这里wish针对的是过去发生的事情,所以从句谓语动词用过去完成时。7.togiveup→(should)giveup句子的关键在“suggest”,表示建议,所以从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。8.listens→(should)listenitis+形容词+that从句,从句要用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形。9.was→is从句中所说的内容很可能发生,这样的情况下是不需要用虚拟语气的,所以将was改成is。10.willstay→(should)stay表示“建议”时,that从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即:(should)+动词原形。11.have→had“ifonly”引导的感叹句,表本愿望,用过去是表示与现在相反亊实相反的愿望。12.is→werewish引导的宾语从句,此句表示对目前状况表示祝愿,that从句的谓语动词使用过去时或were(谓语动词是be时)。13.went→wouldhavegone含蓄条件句,这类句子通常不需要用if来引导,butfor“要不是”,此时从句要用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,其谓语动词结构是:wouldhavedone。14.attended→(should)attend“giveorders”表示命令,tha从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即:(Should)+动词原形。152 15.willnotfail→wouldnothavefailed非真实条件句,与过去事实相反,主句的谓语动词形式应该是wouldhavedone。16.amtired→weretired非真实条件句,与现在事实相反,主语是:I,那么条件句的谓语动词相应的应该用“were”。17.was→(should)bepropose提议,此that从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即:(should)+动词原形。18.stay→stayed虚拟语气,wouldrather引导的从句中的谓语动词要求用过去时态,表示对现在或将来情况的建议。19.arenot→wouldn"tbe错综时间条件句,条件句讲的是过去的事情,主句讲的是现在的情况,所以主句应改成:“wouldbe”的结构。20.didn"tleave→wouldn"thaveleft虚拟语气,含蓄条件句,由副词otherwise(否则)来引导,所以应改成“wouldhavedone”的结构。PassageAS1.had→has由“now”可知时态不应该是过去时,所以应将had改成has。S2.directly→indirectly反义词误用。S3.into→onto/on介词错误,将into改为on或onto,才能与planet相搭配。S4.too→so“so…asto…”如此的……以至……。S5.planet→planets“其他的行星”应该用复数。S6.head→mind.keepinmind记住、牢记。S7.little→much反义词误用。根据上下文可知应该是:花这么多的钱,而money是不可数名词,所以用much。S8.Consider→Considering非谓语动词,动名词短语作状语。S9.删去they关系代词that指代的就是前面的themoneyandresources,在从句中作主语,不需要they,所以删去。S10.arriving→arrivingat(或reaching)arrive是不及物动词,其后应接介词at,或可将其直接改为及物动词reach。PassageBS1.newone→wnewone此处one代替上文的purpose,是可数名词,所以需要在其前面加一个不定冠词。S2.filling→filled分析句子结构,可以看出此处现在分词filling作定语从句中的谓语,不合句意,应该用过去分词filled,相当于whoarefilled。S3.Justasthough→justas分析句子结构,可以看出这里应该用表示“仿佛、好像”意义的连词,justas符合句意和语法结构,though是多余的词,应该将其去掉。S4.This→What这里应该为名词主语从句,this不能引导名词主语从句,所以将This改为What。S5.was→were这句话的主语是descriptions,根据语法要求,其谓语也应该用复数形式所以将was改成were。S6.dissimilar→similar根据下文出“thepoorcan"tillbenumberedinmillions”(仍然能看到数以百万计的穷人)可知19世纪的墨西哥和现在的墨西哥有很多相似之处,所以将dissimilar改成similar。S7.lies→lie/are分析句子结构,可知此处为倒装句,主语是twomyths,谓语要用复数形式,所以将lies改成lie/are。S8.that→which分析句子,可以看出此处是一个非限制性定语从句,英语中that不能引导非限定性定语从句,所以将that改为which。S9.it→them这句话中出现了指代错误,句中的it指的应该是immigrants,应用them来代替,从下文的对应词“them”来分析,也可知答案,所以将it为them。S10.late→later句中的late意思是“迟的,晚的",不合句意,应该改为later,afewgenerationslater“几代人后"符合句意。♦翻译题1.theparty(should)beheldnextWednesday“makeasuggestion”表建议,宾语从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气。2.everyone(should)buythebookrecommend后的宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟的。152 3.wecouldtrytosolvehisproblem省去if的非真实条件句,对将来的假设,条件句谓语动词形式:were+不定式,主句的谓语动词形式应为:情态动词过去式+动词原形。4.verychildhavethesameeducationalopportunitiesitis+形容词(essential)+that从句,that从句用虚拟语气,即:should+动词原形,should也可以省去。5.youcamenextweekend虚拟语气,wouldrather引导的从句中的谓语动词要求用过去时态,表示对现在或将来情况的建议。6.(should)besetfree“makeasuggestion”表建议,宾语从句谓语动词应用虚拟。7.coulddriveacar对将来发生的事佾的一种希望或祝愿,从句的谓语动词用could+动词原形。8.asifshehadaterriblesickness“似乎”可翻成:asif,那么就要注意asif的用法。虚拟语气,且这里针对的是现在事实,所以想象从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。9.Iftheyweretoattendthepartytomorrowevening虚拟语气,对将来条件的假设,这种假设在将来不太可能发生,所以条件从句的谓语动词应该用:were+动词不定式。10.youwouldhavemethim虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,所以主句的谓语动词用:wouldhavedone。11.他们要求参观者不要在车间里吸烟。12.他建议我们一路爬到山頂。13.坦率地说,我宁愿你现在对此什么都别说。14.这个男孩通过了期末考试,但是如果他再花点时间准备,成绩就会更好。15.如果当时陆海军密切配合的话,本能够使陆军司令注意到海军在12月7日没有进行远距离的侦察。♦选词填空Sentence"1.beganit’stime…是该……的时候了,其引导的从句中谓语动词常用过去式。2.startsuggest建议,其引导的从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。3.hadbeen对过去发生的事情的祝愿或抱歉、遗憾,从句谓语动词用过去完成式。4.hadn’tdelayed.非真实条件句,对过去事实的假设,条件句的谓语动词用过去完成式。5.shouldcome,对将来条件的假设,主句的谓语动词可用should+动词原形。6.haddone考査asif的用法,与过去亊实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。7.wouldnothavemissed非真实条件句,对过去发生亊情的假设,主句的谓语动词形式是:wouldhavedone。8.hadtaken;wouldnothavemade与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用havedone,主句的谓语动词用wouldhavedone。9.shouldcomerequire要求,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即:“should)+动词原形。10.hadn’ttoldwouldrather+从句,是一个常用的虚拟语气句型,其引导从句的时候,that常省略,在谈到过去的动作时,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。Passage1.C空格前是介词,后面是一个从句,因此可以判断应该填人一个动名词,所以选determining2.O空格前是谓语动词,后面是形容词,故应该考虑选择-个副词,所以选exceptionally03.N从句子结构可看出应该填入一个修饰factors的词,所以选contributory。4.Fbreedingplaces是一个固定的名词词组,意为“孵化的场所”,所以选breeding。5.K根据句子结构可判断应选择一个谓语动词。结合句意选generalize。6.I根据句子结构可判断应选择一个形容词作表语。结合句意选apt。7.J根据句子结构可判断应选一个可以作表语的词,由于空格前是副词more,那么就应该选一个形容词.equable符合句意。8.L空格前是介词in,根据句意可判断应选一个名词,depth符合句意。9.M空格所填的单词应作句子的主语,而dwellers正好可以和空格前的名词mountain组成一个名词词组,且符合句意。10.E空格前是代词their,后面是名词drinking,应选一个合适的词来修饰它,habitual符合句意。名词从句◆指出下列句子中名词从句所充当的成分。152 1.Itseemsunlikelythatyouryoungerbrotherwillrefuseourhelp.2.Ifinditstrangethatitthunderswhilesnowing.3.Iknowhowhardthelifeofasinglemotheris.4.Wheredidyouhearthenewsthatourschoolwouldberelocatedthenextyear?5.Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatmaybedonetoday.6.Whoneglectslearninginhisyouthlosesthepastandisdeadforthefuture.7.Thatwashowtheybecamegoodfriendstenyearsago.8.Ileavethematterasitstandsforthepresent.9.Hisrequest,thathiswifeshouldcomeandvisithim,wasnevergranted.10.Mynextquestionisthenhowheattravelsinliquid.◆选择题Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheOneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Itisessentialthateverystudentequalattention.A.isgivenB.givesC.giveD.begiven2.ThereasonIchoseJanewasshewasafriendlyperson.A.thatB.duetoC.becauseD.becauseof3.isthequestionnoneofuscananswer.A.WhereishefromB.WhereheisfromC.FromwhereisheD.Heisfromwhere4.Hisremarkwasyoumighthaveexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whicheverD.what5.Thefactoryrefusedtotellus.A.howmuchthelatestmodelwillbeB.howmuchthelatestmodelwouldbeC.howmuchwillthelatestmodelbeD.howmuchwouldthelatestmodelbe6.knowsthetruthshouldkeepitasasecret.A.WhoB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Thatwho7.Thatmanyboyslikeplayingbasketballcommonaroundtheworld.A.beB.isC.areD.being8.Everyoneshouldbewillingtolearnheorshedoesn’tknow.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether9.isimportantthatyoukeepquiteinlibrary.A.ItB.ThisC.ThatD.Thething10.Wearenotsureornot.A.ifAlicecomesB.ifAlicecomingC.thatAliceiscomingD.whetherAlicecomes11.Ahingejointispermitstheforwardandbackwardmovementofadoor.A.theB.whatC.thoseD.whose12.Wearefamiliarwiththeideaallmatterconsistsofatoms.A.theB.whatC.thatD.it13.2008OlympicGameswasacompletesuccesswasagreedbyeveryone.A.ThatB.BecauseC.IfD.What14.Thedoctorsuggestedthatheinbedforseveraldaysbeforetakinguphisjob.A.liedB.layC.liesD.lie15.thematerialcanbeusedinourfactoryhasnotbeenstudiedyet.A.WhetherB.ThatC.WhatD.Which16.TheteamhavedecidedgotoShanghaibytrain.A.whethertheywouldB.thattheywouldC.whowouldtheyD.whichtraveltheywould17.hesuggestedwasthesharingofthecostamongallthemembers.A.WhichB.ThethingC.WhatD.Whatever18.Thefatherpromisedhissonthathehimatoycariftheboyan152 “A”intheexam.A.wouldbuyB.wouldbuy;gotC.willbuy;willgetD.willbuy;gets19.Thenextimportantquestionwehavetodiscussistheproposal.A.whendowehavetosubmitB.whenwedohavetosubmitC.whenwehavetosubmitD.whenhavewetosubmit20.Howannoying!A.thattheyaremakingsomuchnoiseB.istheyaremakingsomuchnoiseC.isitthattheyaremakingsomuchnoiseD.itisthattheyaremakingsomuchnoise21.thatpeoplearemoreawareoftheimportanceofanimalprotection.A.ItisagoodthingB.thereisagoodthingC.ThatisagoodthingD.Whatgoodthing22.Myexperienceshowsthatifsomeonecandotheirjobreallywell,thenthequestionisnotimportant.A.ofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleB.theyaremaleorfemaleD.thattheyaremaleorfemaleD.whethertheyaremaleorfemale23.Thedifficultyiscanbeputintopractice.A.howyouhavelearnedB.howwhatyouhavelearnedC.thatwhyyouhavelearnedD.howthatyouhavelearned24.wasofnomuchhelptohimatthattime.A.WhatcouldIdoB.WhichIcoulddoC.ThatcouldIdoD.WhatIcoulddo25.AlthoughIexpectedsomethingdifferent,Iwasstillsurprisedby.A.whichdidhesayB.whatdidhesayC.whichhesaidD.whathesaid26.Newspaperheadlineshighlightthemainpointsofeacharticleandmakeitpossibleforyoutoreadyouareinterestedin.A.thatB.somethingC.whatD.if27.isnoneofyourbusiness.A.IshalltakewhatmeasuresB.WhatmeasuresIshalltakeC.ItiswhatmeasuresshallItakeD.WhichmeasuresshallItake28.willbethenextchairmanoftheboardwillbeannouncedattomorrow’smeeting.A.ThatB.WhomC.WhichD.Who29.Theschoolrecommendsthatstudent’soptionalclassestheyareinterestedin.A.willtakeB.musttakeC.havetakenD.take30.ShehadtodecideshewouldgobacktoworkornotthenextMonday.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.why31.IdoubtIcanpasstheexam.A.whetherB.thatC.whichD.what32.Afterawholedayofhardwork,allwasanicemealandagoodrest.A.whathewantedB.whichhewantedC.thethinghewantedD.thathewanted33.collegestudentsshouldlearnmoreaboutChinesehistory.A.IconsiderimportantthatB.IconsideritimportantC.IconsiderthethingimportantD.Iconsideritimportantthat34.Onereasonwhywomenlivelongerthanmeniswomentendtoletofftheirangeranddissatisfaction.A.becauseB.thatC.sinceD.whether35.Theypromisedcametothemeetingwaswelcome.A.whoB.thatwhoeverC.thatwhomeverD.whom36.itisnecessarytostudytheproposalforseveralmoremonthsbeforemakingadecisionistobedebated.A.WhenB.WhatC.WhetherD.That152 37.BeforeIcamedownstairstomeether,Ihadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyfor.A.howmustIsayB.whatImustsayC.whommustIshyD.whetherImustsay38.IwasinformedthismorningthatIwastheonlypersonwhothechancetogofortraininginBeijingthenextyear.A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad39.Advertisingisdifferentfromotherformsofcommunicationtheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.A.inthatB.inwhichC.inorderthatD.intheway40.Themanagerrealizedthatwastheirgoodchancetoexpandsales.A.itB.thisC.thatD./◆改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistake.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.Iknowwhatshehasbeencrazyaboutdancingsinceherchildhood.2.Ihavenoideaatallwhendoesthebankopensonworkingdays.3.Myboyfriendcan"tdecideheshouldacceptthejobornot.4.MyfathertoldmeintheletterthathewillcometoseemeduringtheSpringFestival.5.Ourprofessorrecommendsthatwewillarriveearlyatthelecture.6.Doctorssuggestthatsmallchildrendon’twatchTVformorethan2hoursperday.7.Shewashappywiththenewswhatherdaughterrankedthefirstinthecompetition.8.Manypeoplearenotclearwhatformsshouldtheyfilloutwhenapplyingforajob.9.Thatwasbecauseofwedon’thaveenoughconfidenceinhisability.10.BeforeIstartedlookingforajob,IthoughtthatIwillfindajobrightaway,butIdidn’t.11.Ididn’trealizethatyouhavealreadyseenthemovie.12.Inmycountry,itbelievesthatwisdomcomeswithage.13.Doyoubelieveitabout20percentofAmericanchildrenliveinpoverty?14.Wearenotastonishedtoknowifthirty-onepercentofworkingwivesearnmorethantheirhusbands.15.Theexpert’ssuggestionwaswecutourpricetopromotesales.16.DoyouthinksoNewYorkersarefriendly?17.Ihavejustlearntafactaboutonly26percentofAmericanhouseholdsaremadeupofamother,afatherandchildren.18.Wherewillthetradefairisnowunderdiscussion.19.Thepowerplantwillbereconstructedisacertainthing.20.Ifshewillcometothepartyornotbothersus.翻译题Direction:Completethesentencenumbered1-10bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethefollowingsentenceorshortpassagesfromChineseintoEnglish,orviceversa.1.Doyoufellispossible_________________________________(政府为所有孩子支付儿童保健费用)？2.Ifchildrendon’tbehave,___________________________________(你是否认为家长可以打他们)？3.Herpediatriciansuggestedthat________________________________(他应该每天读书给孩子听).4.Itisimportantthat_____________________________________(你定期进行体育运动)5.Thecandidatewondered_______________________________(每周他们将进行多少训练)6.______________________________________(超过2万人死于地震这个消息)gaveusagreatshock.7.ThereasonwhyIcan’tgoshoppingwithyouwas___________________________________(我下午将见我的导师)。8.________________________________(不管你说什么)willberecordedasaevidenceatcourt.9.Shecan’tdecide_____________________________(她是该工作还是该待在家里陪孩子)。10.___________________________(我认为很重要)thatstudentchoosetheirmajoraccordingtotheirinterest.152 11.Whatiswrittenonthispieceofpapershouldbekeptinmind.__________________________________________________________________12.Thatknowledgeispowerisafamoussayingknowntoall.__________________________________________________________________13.他为什在课堂上问这样一个愚蠢的问题是一个谜。__________________________________________________________________14.把我们部分军队立即调出去进攻敌人的命令收到了。__________________________________________________________________15.ccordingtoHelenGalinsky,anexpertoftheFamilyandwordInstitute,workingmothermakeassumptionsabouttheirchildren,butnoonehadeveraskedkidswhattheythought.SoGalinskyinterviewedover1000kindsofworkingmotherstofindoutwhattheywanted.Sheaskedthemiftheywantedtheirworkingmomstostayathome,Surprisingly,only10percentoftheinherstudentsaidthattheywantedmoretimewiththeirmother,However,thekindsinterviewedsaidthattheywantedtheirparentstopaymoreattentiontothem.Theysaidthattheirparentswereoftenrushed.Whensheaskedthemwhattheyneededmost,themajorityofthekindssaidthattheywantedtofeelimportantandloved.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16.上周我和我的好朋友谈论了生养孩子的问题。我告诉她我不生孩子。她问我为什么我反对生孩子。我告诉她因为怀孕会改变我们原本的生活节奏,而且小孩子会占据我们太多时间和精力。我的好朋友对我说她喜欢孩子,也想要生个孩子,因为她相信孩子就像夫妻间的润滑剂________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________完形填空TASKADirection:Twostudentaretalking.Fillintheblankstocompletetheincludedquestion,usingnounclauses.Payspecialattentiontothewordorder.A:Hi,Whereareyougoinginsuchahurry？B:Ineededtogotothelibraryitcloses.Whattimedoseitclose？A:Iamnotsurewhattime__1__.B:Whattimeitisnow？A:Idon’thaveawatch,soIdon’tknowwhattime__2__.ButIamsureitmustbeaftersix.Whydoyouneedtousethelibrary？B:Theteachertoldustowriteapaper,Shetoldustochooseatopic.Ihavenoideawhattopic__3__.A:Whydon’tyouwriteaboutJohnKennedy,Jr.?That’saninterestingtopic.Therewerealotofarticleswrittenabouthimwhenhedied.B:Doyourememberwhen__4__?A:No.Ican’trememberclearly__5__in1998or1999.ButyoucangetthatinformationfromtheInternet.B:Idon’tevenknowwhere__6__.AndIdon’tknowhow__7__theInternet.A:Thecomputersareonthefirstfloor.Comeon.I’llshowyouhowtousetheInternet.(Later)B:Uh-oh.Thelibraryisclosed.Iwonderwhattime__8__tomorrow.A:Thesignsays“Open9-6”B:Canyoumeetmeatthelibraryat10o’clock?A:I’mnotsure__9__ornot.Ihaveanappointmentat9:30,andIdon"tknow__10__by10o’clockornot.Butdon’tworry.ThelibrariancanshowyouhuetousetheInternet.TaskBDirection:Thereare10blanksinPassageAand20inPassageB.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchooseOnethatbestfitsintothepassage.152 PassageAWorkingparentsoftenputtheirkidsindaycare.Whilemostparentsinterviewedsay__1__theyaresatisfiedwiththedaycaretheyuse,expertsbelievethatonlyabout12percentofchildrenreceivehighqualitycare.Manyparentsreallydon’tknow__2__goodtheirdaycareserviceis.Whenchoosingadaycarecenter,ofcourseparentswanttoknowmuch__3__.Buttherearemanyotheraremanyotherquestionsparentsshouldaskandobservationsthey__4__make.Parentsneedtoknow__5__thecaregiverislovingandrespondstothechild’sneeds.Dosethecaregiverhugthechild,talktothechild,smileatthechild,playwiththechild?Itisalso__6__toknowifthedaycarecenteriscleanandsafe.A__7__shouldfindouthowthecaregivertakescareofsickchildren.Isthereanurseordoctoravailabletohelpwithmedicalcare？Docaregiversknowfirstaid?Parentsshouldask__8__caregiversthereareperchild.Onecaregiverforagroupofeitherfour-orfiveoldchildrenmaybeenough,butbabiesneedmuchmoreattention;Onecaregive__9__therebabiesrecommended.Expertsbelievethatparentsshouldnotputtheirbabiesinchildcareforthefirstfourmonths.Duringthistime,__10__isimportantforbabiesfromanattachmenttotheirmothers.1.A.whenB.whetherC./D.which2.AhowB.itsCifD.it3.A.itcostsB.doesitcostCitspendsD.doseitspend4.A.canB.mustC.willD.should5.A.whyB.howC.ifD.where6.A.interestingB.importantC.exhaustingD.funny7.A.parentB.doctorC.childD.caregiver8.A.howmanyB.howmuchC.howoftenD.how9.A.andB.butC.withD.for10.A.thisB.thatC.itD.whatPassageB“Theempiresofthefuturearetheempiresofthemind,”WinstonChurchill,theBritishstatesman,oncesaid.Aswe__1__the21century,itisbecomingincreasinglyclear__2__hewasright.Forwhilethecareersofourparentsoftenrelied__3__havingagoodback,thecareeroptionsofthefuturewillrelyonpossessingagood__4__.Tobesuccessfulinthefuture,wewillneedtohaveagreaterwillingnesstothinkthan__5__.Wewillneedtobeabletothinklonger,handeranddeeper.Manyoftheproductsthatwewillbebuyingandsellinginthefuturewillnotbe__6__infactories;theywillbeproductsdevelopedbyourminds.Theywillbepackageofdataandfacts:informationproductscreated__7__specificpurposesintheareasofcommunications,computertechnology,scientificresearchandawidevarietyofdesignapplications,tonamebutafew.Thereare,Ibelieve,therekeysto__8__afuturefilledwithworkthatissatisfyingandmeaningful.Thefirstistheabilitytoimagine.Youmustbeabletodreamabout__9__youwanttodoand__10__youwanttogo.Adreamcanneverbecomeareality__11__thedreamexistsinthefirstplace.__12__,youmustunderstandwhatitwill__13__toachieveyourdream.Youwillhavetofocusontheoneortwodreamsyoudesirethemostandlearn__14__thecareersthatincludethemareheading.Untilyouknowwhichdirectionyouaregoing15,howcanyoudecide16togetthere?Andfinally,youmustplantodo17isnecessarytomakethevisionofyourfutureareality.Thismayincludestudying,adaptingandexperimenting.Youmayneedtoworkinoneareafirst,theninanother,onyourwaytoyourdreamcareer.__18__yourcareerplansmaybe,remember__19__imagining,understandingandplanningarethekeysthatwillunlockthedoortoyourfutureandmaketomorrow__20__youwantittobe.Yourownpersonalvisionofwhatispossiblewillultimatelybethedecidingfactorinyourdestiny.152 1.A.cameB.enteredC.approachinD.released2.A.thatB.thisC.itD.if3.A.inB.upC./D.on4.A.brainB.headC.willingnessD.mind5.A.normalB.usualC.beforeD.others6.A.magnificentB.manufacturedC.mendedD.millionaire7.A.onB.withinC.intoD.for8.A.unlockB.lockC.unlockingD.locking9.A.whatB.whichC.whetherD.why10.A.whereB.thereC.howD.when11.A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.because12.A.AndB.UnlessC.EvenD.Next13.A.makeB.spendC.spareD.take14.A.whichB.towhichC.whereD.towhere15.A.inB.forC./D.on16.A.howB.whereC.whenD.who17.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which18.A.NomatterB.HoweverC.WhateverD.Whoever19.A.ifB.itC.thisD.that20.A.asB.whatC.asifD.like选词填空Direction:Inthissection,thereisapassagetenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.OnedayaneighborpassedJohn’shouseandsawhimoutsidehisbarnonhishandsandknees,Heappearedtobelooking__1__someting.Whatareyoudoing,theneighborasked.I’mlookingforsomething__2__John.__3__areyoulookingforneighborasked.I’mlookingformyring.It’svery__4__,Johnreplied.I’llhelpyou,saidhis__5__,theneighborgotdownonhishandsand__6__andstartedtohelpJohnlookforhisring.Aftersearchingforseveral,theneighborfinallyasked,doyouremember__7__youwerewhenyoulostit?Ofcourse.repliedJohn,Iwasinthe__8__milkingmycow.Ifyoulostyourring__9__thebarn,thenwhyarewelookingforitoutsidethebarn?Askedtheneighbor.Don’tbeafoolsaidJohn,it’stoo__10__inthebarn.Butoutherewehavelight.AWhatFLightKWhereBKneesGHeadLForCInsideHWhichMAnsweredDDarkIBarnNOutsideENeighborJOnOvaluable参考答案第十章名词从句♦指出下列句子中名词从句所充当的成分1.作主语句中it为形式主语,划线部分为实质主语。2.作宾语句中it为形式宾语,划线部分为find的实质主语。152 3.作宾语划线部分为know的宾语。4.作同位语划线部分是news的同位语部分。5.作宾语划线部分是动词妃语putoff的宾语。6.作主语划线部分是句子的主语。7.作表语划线部分跟在联系动词后面,充当表语。8.作宾语补语9.作同位语划线部分是request的同位语部分。10.作表语划线部分跟在联系动词后面,充当表语。♦选择题1.D2.A3.B4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.A10.D11.B12.C13.A14.D15.A16.B17.C18.B19.C20.D21.A22.A23.B24.D25.D26.C27.B28.D29.D30.B31.A32.D33.D34.B35.B36.C37.B38.C39.A40.C♦改错题1.what→that后面的句子结构和意义完整,只许用that来引导宾语从句。2.删去doeswhen引导的从句中使用陈述句语序3.decide→decidewhethercan’tdecide后面的宾语从句意义应为“是否接受工作”。4.will→would主句时态为过去时,从句中受到影响,谓语动词用过去将来时。5.will→shouldrecommend引导的宾语从句中谓语动词使用虚拟语气。6.don’t→shouldn’t同5。7.what→thatthat引导同位语从句,对先行词news进行解释。8.shouldthey→theyshould宾语从句中使用陈述句语序。9.删去ofbecause引导从句,becauseof后面跟名词或名词性短语。10.will→would同4。11have→had同4。12.itbelieves→itisbelieved此处被动态形式表示“人们相信”。13.it→thatthat引导一个完整的句子形成宾语从句。14.if→that同13。15.was→wasthatthat引导表语从句,表本suggestion的内容。16.so→that同13。17.about→thatthat引导同位语从句,对先行词fact进行解释。18.willthetradefair→thetradefairwill主语从句中使用陈述句语序。19.the→Thatthe陈述语气的主语从句需要用that引导。20.If—Whether主语从句中放在句首的whether能用if来替代。♦翻译题1.thatthegovernmentpaysforchildcareforallchildren句中已给出it作形式宾语,实质宾语用that引导的从句表示。2.doyouthinkit"sOKforparentstohitthem翻译的部分是句子的主句,疑问句用倒装,主句包括一个宾语从句,从句中使用陈述句语序。3.she(should)readtoherkidseverydaysuggest引导的宾语从句中谓语使用虚拟语气shoulddo的结构,其中should可以省略,保留动词原形形式。4.you(should)exerciseregularlyItisimportant结构,实质主语从句中谓语用虚拟语气。5.howmuchtrainingtheywouldhaveperweek翻译部分是wonder的宾语从句,从句中用陈述句语序。6.Thenewsthatmorethan20thousandpeoplelosttheirlivesintheearthquake句中已给出主句的谓语,翻译部分是主语,采用从句形式。先行词是news,后接同位语从句进行解释。7.thatIwillmeetmysupervisorthisafternoonthat引导表语从句。8.Whateveryousaywhatever引导主语从句,使用陈述句语序。9.whethersheshouldworkorstayathomewithherchildrenwhether引导宾语从句,作为decide的宾语,且从句中使用正常语序。152 10.Iconsideritimportantconsidersth.important的结构表示“认为……重要”,此句中sth较长,因此用it作形式宾语紧跟consider,而用that引导真正的宾语。11.这张纸上所写必东西需要牢记What引导的主语从句可以翻译成“……的东西/内容"。12.“知识就是力量”是我们都知道的一句名言isafamoussayingknowntoall是此句的谓语部分,前面是主语,用主语从句表示。13.Whyheaskedsuchasilly(questionintheclassisamystery.原句中“他为什么在课堂上问这样一个愚蠢的问题”充当句子的主语,以why引导的主语从句,其中的谓语以正常语序。14.Theordercamethatpartofourtroopsshouldbesentoutimmediatelytoattacktheenemy.;that引导的从句充当同位语部分,解释名词order,由于同位语从句较长,谓语部分仅一个单词came,因此将从句放在谓语的后面。15.海伦•嘉琳思凯是家庭与工作研究院的一名专家,她说,上班族妈妈们总是对他们的孩子做出自己的假想,而从不问问孩子们的想法。因此嘉琳思凯采访了有上班族妈妈1000个孩子,想要弄淸楚他们到底要什么。她问他们是否希望他们的妈妈呆在家里。令人惊讶的是,参与调査的孩子中仅10%说他们愿意多和母亲待在一起。但是,这些孩子说他们想要父母给予他们更多的关注。他们说父母们总是匆匆忙忙,赶来赶去。嘉琳思凯问孩子们最想要什么,大多的孩子说他们想感觉到自己很重要,被人关爱。此题中翮译的均为宾语从句。16.LastweekIhadaconversationwithmybestfriendabouthavingchildren.ItoldherthatIdidn’twanttohavechildren.(that引导的从句充当told的宾语补足语)SheaskedmewhyIwasagainsthavingkids.(宾语从句,注意谓语用陈述句语序,并受主句影响,使用过去式)1toldherthatgettingpregnantwouldchangeouroriginallifepaceandthatbabieswouldtakeuptoomuchtimeandenergy.(that引导told的宾语补足语,第二个从句的关系代词that不能省略)Mybestfriendsaidtomethatshelovedbabiesandthatshewantedtohaveababyofherown(宾语从句),becauseshebelievedthatchildrenarelikelubricantbetweenthecouple.(宾语从句)。♦ClozeTaskA1.itdoes针对前一句话,按照从句中使用陈述句语序的原则。2.itis同1。3.Ishouldwriteabout根据下一句的建议,得知此句中应表述“我不知道该写什么话题/选择什么话题”。4.hedied同1。5.whetherhedied按照句意.此处表达“我记不清他是在1998年还是1999年去世的”,用whether...or的句式。6.Icanuseacomputer根据A的下一句回答可判断此处句意。7.Ishoulduse同6。8.itopens同6。9.if/whetherIhavetimeB询问可否10点在图书馆见面,A回答“我不确定是否有时间”10.iflwillbefinished句意为“我不知道到10点能否结束”。TaskBPassageA1.C2.A3.A4.D5.C6.B7.A8.A9.D10.CPassageB1.B2.A3.D4.A5.C6.B7.D8.C9.A10.A11.B12.D13.D14.C15.A16.A17.C18.C19.D20.B♦BankedCloze1.L短语lookforsth.。2.M结构同上一个句子,用的是倒装句形式。3.A4.0此处应填形容词,表示戒指的属性或特点。只有valuable合适。5.E按照上文内容,此句应该是John的邻居所说。6.B此短语在文章首句出现过,onone"shandsandknees表示跪在地上。7.K按照句意和常识,寻找东西的时候问“你还记得你在哪里丢的东西嘛?”,此处对地点提问。8.IJohn回答丢失的地点,按照下文提示。152 9.Cinside等同in。10.D根据后一句,在外面有光,那么里面一定很暗。定语从句Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheOneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Byusingyoureyesyoucantellthedirection__________lightcomes.A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.towhichD.onwhich2.__________iswell-knowntoall,toomuchstressmayleadtodisease.A.WhichB.ItC.ThatD.As3.TheexplorerswentthroughtheSouthPass,__________in1842.A.wherewasgolddiscoveredB.itwaswheregoldwasdiscoveredC.discoveredwheregoldwasD.wheregoldwasdiscovered4.TheInternationalStudiesUniversity,_________in1951.isamilitaryacademy.A.foundedB.hasbeenfoundedC.whichfoundedD.wasfounded5.Ihavemanyfriends,__________somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom6.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,__________hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime7.Iwalkedinourgarden,__________TomandJimweretypingabigsignontoofthetrees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that8.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,__________hewentonCambridge.A.inwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.where9.—DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?—Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto"clock__________hearrivedhome.A.beforeB.whenC.thatD.until10.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse__________,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturntoD.forhertoturn11.Women_________drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose__________don"t.A.who;/B./;whoC.who;whoD./;/12.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes,there"sonepoint__________wemustinsiston.A.whereB./C.howD.why13.Ifashophaschairs__________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where14.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,__________surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it15.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstuckbyfloods,from__________effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.whoseB.thatC.thoseD.what16.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes__________peoplewereeatenbythetigers.A.fromwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.which152 17.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst__________Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which18.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwibesuccessfulinthejobs_________theyarebeingtrained.A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich19.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__________didn"thelp.A.itB.sheC.whichD.he20.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,__________meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.A.itB.thatC.asD.which21.—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?—Right,justtheone_________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what22.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_________wevisitedthreemonthsago?A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.what23.Therewereabout50foreignstudents__________Chineseintheschool,most__________werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.studying;ofwhomC.whichtotouchD.whichtountouched24.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it25.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_________theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.A.withwhichB.forwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich26.TheBeatles,__________manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as27.Theouterearandtheearcannelaresubjecttoallofthevariousdisorders__________.A.thataffecttheskinB.affecttheskinC.theskinaffectsD.theskinisaffected28.Wedidnotlike__________youspoketoher.A.thewayB.thewaywhichC.thewayinthatD.thewayofwhich29.Canyoutellmethenameoftheshop__________youpaidavisitlastweek?A.whatB.whichC.towhichD.tothat30.Mr.Whitehaschangedalot,andmanyofhisfriendssaythatheisnotthesameman__________.A.likehewasB.asheusedtobeC.ashewasusedtoD.likewhathewas31.Therumor__________isgullybaseless.A.whichthegirlcheatedintheexamB.whatthegirlcheatedintheexamC.thatthegirlcheatedintheexamD.asthegirlcheatedintheexam32.TheStatueofLiberty,_________wasdesignedbythesculptorAugusteBartholdi,tooktenyearstocompleteA.whichB.whoC.whereD.That33.Wemovetothenewhouseinthesuburbssothatthekidswouldhaveagarden__________.A.toplaywithB.inwhichtoplayC.whichtoplayD.play34.Tomygreatsurprise,thefoodisstillontable,__________.A.untouchedB.nottotouchC.whichtotouchD.whichtountouched35.Today,we"lldiscussanumberofcases__________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where36.Thestudentswillfinishtheireducationnextyear,__________theywillhave8tUdiedhereforfouryears.A.whichtimeB.bywhichtimeC.bywhattimeD.thattime152 37.Trees,_________therearemanykinds,areusedformanypurposesallovertheworld.A.whichB.ofwhichC.whatD.inwhich38.Ihaveboughtalotoffood,butIhaven"tfoundanything__________Ireallywanttoeat.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.what39.May4thistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich40.Theprizewillbegivento__________succeedinsolvingtheproblem.A.thatB.whomeverC.thosewhoD.who◆改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof20sentences.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistake.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.l.Youcanfindwhateveryouneedattheshoppingcentre,whereisalwaysbusyattheweekend.2.Weshouldn"tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostofwhoarehealthy.3.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,theretheylearnsimplegamesandsongs.4.Chan"srestaurantonBakerStreet,whereusedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.5.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewasallwhichkepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.6.Thebox,whichcolorisredandwhite,isforputtingoldbooks.7.I,whoisyourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.8.Thelastquestionheaskeditwasobviouslythemostdifficultformetoanswer.A.study;ofwhomB.studying;ofwhomC.studying;ofthemD.study;ofthem9.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivitywhichsightmattersmorethanhearing.________10.Theboyswhoplayingfootballontheplaygrounddidn’thearwhattheteachersaid.________11.Ihavetwobookshere,neitherofthemisusefultoyou.________12.ThosethatholdtheVIPcardwillbefreeofchargeforthisservice.________13.Thegirlspeaksontheplatformisafamouspopsinger.________14.Thesunheatstheearth,itmakesitpossibleforplantsgrow.________15.Iwouldliketothankmyfather,whichsuggestionhelpedmeoutoftrouble.________16.Hethatfearsbeingconqueredissureofdefeat.________17.Thepsychologiststellusthatwalls,whichpaintedgrey,makepeoplefeeldepressed.________18.Sheiswaitingforthedoctor,whichIknowneverappearsontime.________19.WhichIexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredthenextmorning.________20.Atutorisapersonwhomhelpsstudentsindividually.________◆翻译题Directions:Completethesentencesnumbered1-12bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethefollowingsentencesorshortpassagesfromChineseintoEnglish,orviceversa.1.(坐在门边的学生)alwaysleaveearly.2.Fivestudentswereabsentontheday(期中考试举行的那天).3.Everyoneadmiresateacher(那里配备了先进的电脑),arecrowdedwithdiligentstudents.5.Thetextbook(我们正在用的)hasalotofexercises.6.IstudiedengineeringatNanjingNormalUniversity,(坐落于南京的东面).7.(在世界的任何地方都是如此),youcanrentaroombytheday,week,mouth,oryear.8.Sheworeaheavyfurcoatinsuchahotday,(我觉得这很奇怪).9.JohnAdams,(通过他的帮助)Joeclimbedthemountain,wasourguideduringthejourney.10.Therearetenstoriesinthebook,(前四篇)arethemostinterestingones.152 11.Thespring,(那时候这里不冷也不热),isbelievedtobeasuitabletimefortrips.12.Thehotelmanager,(我向他投诉服务差),apologizedtomesincerely.13.美国人所讲的英语和英式英语有区别。14.我和她一起学习弹钢琴的那个女孩来自加拿大。15.TheWeb,whichwasintroducedonlyashorttimeage,haschangedthewaymanycompaniesdobusiness.16.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIreceivedmyletterofacceptancetotheuniversity.17.Anestimated7millionAmericankidsarehomealoneafterschoolwithoutadulttheirchildren’suseofthemediacantakecontrol.TheV-chip,whichisinstalledintelevisionsetsmanufacturedafterJanuary,2000,isadevicethatallowsparentstohavecontrolovertheprogramswatchedbytheirchildren.AllTVswithscreens13inchesorlargermusthaveaV-chip.18.孩子们在学年结束、暑假开始的那一天总是特别高兴。他们考虑着所有暑假的计划。有些孩子去在乡村举办的夏令营。有些孩子去著名的旅游景点,在那儿他们可以欣赏景色,放松身心。也有些孩子待在家里看电视,这被认为是很不健康的生活方式。◆完形填空TaskADirections:Thisisaconversationbetweentwofriends.Onejustcamebackfromanislandvacationwherehehadaterribletime.Fillineachblankwithanadjectiveclause.A:Howwasyourtrip?B:Terrible.A:Whathappened?Didn’tyourtravelagentchooseagoodhotelforyou?B:Thehotelthathechoseformedidn’thaveairconditioning.Itwastoocold.A:Whatkindoffooddidtheyserve?B:Thefood1mademesick.A:Didyoumeetanyinterestingtravelers?B:Ididn’tliketheothertravelers2.Theywereunfriendly.A:Didyoutravelwithaninterestingcompanion?B:Theperson3wasboring.Weweren’tinterestedinthesamethings.Thethings4weredifferentfromthethings5.A:Didyoutakepictures?B:Yes,butthepicturesdidn’tcomeout.A:Didyoufindanyinterestingsouvenirs?B:Thesouvenirs6werecheaplymade.Ididn’tbutany.A:Couldyoucommunicatewiththepeopleontheisland?DotheyspeakEnglish?B:No.Idon’tunderstandthelanguage7.A:Didyouspendalotofmoney?B:Yes,butthemoney8waswasted.A:Whydidn’tyouchangeyourticketandcomehomeearly?152 B:Theticket9couldn’tbechanged.A:Areyougoingtohaveanothervacationsoon?B:Thenextvacation10willbeinDecember.IthinkIwilljuststayhome.TaskBDirections:Thereare10blanksinPassageAand20inPassageB.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheOnethatbestfitsintothepassage.PassageADoyoulikegettingapieceofhandwritingmail?Aretherepeople1lettersyou’vesavedforyears?Theartofletter-writingseemtobedyingformanypeopleasmoreandmoreofusareturningtoourcomputerstosendaquicke-mail.YoumightthinktheUnitedStatesisacountryofseriousInternetusers.Buttherearemanypeople2onlyonlineactivityissendingandreceivinge-mail.In1999,Americanssent2.2billione-mailmessages,compared3293millionpiecesoffirst-classmail.Peoplehavebecomemoreandmoredependentone-mailforquickcommunication.Inadditiontothequickcommunication4e-mailgivesus,manypeopleareusinginstantmessagestocommunicate.Howdoesthiswork?First,youmakealistofyouron-linebuddies.5yougoon-line,yourcomputertellsyouifthepeoplewhosemanesareonthelistareon-linetoo.Iftheyare,youcanseedaninstant6andhaveareal-timethat.Teenagersespeciallylovesendingandreceivinginstantmessages.Andtheylovegoingtochatroomsto“7”totheirInternetbuddies.Butwhenpeoplesende-mailandinstantmessages,theyoftendon’tgivemuchthoughtto8theywrite;manypeopleuseabbreviations(缩写形式)andomitpunctuation(标点符号)andcapitalletters.Theysimplywritethefirstthing9comesintotheirhead,click,andsendit.Eventhoughpeoplearewritingmore,theirwritingisusuallynotsomethingtokeepandreadagainyears10.1.A.whoseB.whoC.whichD.that2.A.ofwhichB.fromwhichC.whoD.whose3.A.inB.toC.atD.it4.A.andB.butC.whenD.that5.A.WhenB.HowC.HoweverD.Whatever6.A.letterB.communicationC.mailD.message7.A.lookB.sayC.talkD.chat8.A.howB.whatC.whenD.who9.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.while10.A.laterB.beforeC.ageD.afterPassageBIn1949,agroupofscientistsweretestinganearlycomputerinalaboratoryintheUnitedStates.Itwasahugemachine,1byexpertsforthousandsofdollars.Butitwouldnotwork.Oneofthescientistsopenedthefrontofthecomputerandwentinto2.Hecameoutwithalargeinsectwhichhadbecometrappedinthemachine.Fromthatdayon,anyfaultthatstopsacomputerfrom3properlyhasbeenknownasa“bug”.Theoriginalbugisstill4inaglasscase.ThewordhasnowpassedintotheEnglishlanguagealongwiththousandsof5fromtheworldofcomputing.Itissometimescalled“tech-speak”,alargevocabularyofwords6inlaboratoriesandnowusedacrosstheEnglishspeakingworldbyeveryone7switchesonacomputer.“Tech-speak”probablystartedinCalifornia,theplace8mostoftheearlyworkoncomputingwasdone.Perhapsthefact9we“surf”theInternetisevidenceofaCaliforniaconnection.Hereareafewmore10of“tech-speak”.Withpersonalcomputersnowwidespread,thereisincreasingconcern11theactivitiesof“hackers”,12breakintocomputingsystems.Hackersarealso13forthespreadof“viruses”,softwareprogrammes152 whichaltertheway14computerswork.Virusesarecommonlyspreadthroughdocumentfilesattachedtoe-mail.IncreaseduseoftheInternethasalsointroducedinnovationsofcomputinglanguage.Whenpeoplespeakfacetoface,theyoftenusefacial15tohelpconveymeanings.Thiscannotbedonebye-mail.Instead,peoplesometimesuse“emotions”.Aftermakingastatement,theywilladd:-)toshow16somethingmakesthemhappy.Andwhenpeoplewhomainlycommunicatebye-mail17inperson,theyagreetospend“facetime”together.Thelastfewdecades18communicationscompaniesbringmoretechnologyintooureverydaylives.So19isnosurprisethattechnologicallanguagehasbecomeanincreasinglyimportantpartofEnglish.Frombeingthevocabulary20bycomputerexperts,thelanguageoftechnologyhasmovedtobecomeanimportantpartofreallife.1.A.whichbuildsB.whichbuiltC.builtD.beingbuilt2.A.searchB.investigateC.exploreD.cooperate3.A.beingworkedB.toworkC.workingD.toworking4.A.preservedB.observedC.reservedD.served5.A.othersB.otherC.otherwordD.anotherwords6.A.inventB.inventedC.inventionD.beinvented7.A.whichB./C.whomD.who8.A.thatB.whichC.towhichD.where9.A.whichB.ifC.thatD.when10.A.examplesB.programmesC.computersD.viruses11.A.onB.ofC.withD.about12.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.they13.A.readyB.responsibleC.preparedD.accessible14.A.inthatB.inwhichC.thatD.inhow15.A.emotionsB.actionsC.expressionsD.confusions16.A.thatB.ifC.whichD.and17.A.meetB.seeC.lookD.and18.A.hasheardB.HasseenC.heardofD.haslookedat19.A.whichB.thatC.thereD.it20.A.usingB.whichusedC.usedD.thatitusing选词填空Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Peoplewhohavea1forclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlooked2withastonishment.Whyaresomemenandwomenwillingtosuffercoldand__3_____,andtotake_____4__inhighmountains?Thisastonishmentiscaused,probably,bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivity_5___whichmengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderulesasthereareforsuchgames___6____golfandfootball.Thereare,however,rulesofadifferentkind__7___itwouldbedangerousto___8____,butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderulesthatmakesmountaineeringattractivetomanypeople.____9____whoclimbmountainsarefreetoclimbers,butwhenclimbersareonarockface,linkedbyaropeonwhichlivesmay___10____,thereisobviouslyteamwork.AdependFitKpassionBwhichGThoseLwhichChardshipHtoMrisks152 DtheseIthatNasEuponJignoreOin参考答案第十一章定语从句♦选择题1.B2.D3.D4.A5.D6.A7.C8.C9.B10.B11.C12.B13.D14.A15.A16.C17.B18.D19.A20.D21.C22.B23.B24.A25.D26.D27.A28.A29.C30.B31.C32.A33.B34.A35.D36.B37.B38.A39.A40.C♦改错趣1.where→whichwhich在定语从句中充当主语,代指先行词theshoppingcenter。2.who→whom关系代词前面有介词of,因此需要用宾格whom而不是who。.3.there→where逗号前面主谓结构完整,是主句部分,逗号后面餺要用从句形式,where引导从句修饰前面的地点名词adaycarecenter4.where→which定语从句修饰前面的地点名词Chan’srestaurant,在从句中作主语,用关系代词which。5.which→thatall后面的关系代词用that,不用which。6.which→whose关系代词whose表示“……(A/物)的”,此处要表示盒子的顔色是红白色,因此用关系代词whose。7.is→am定语从句修饰主语I,谓语动词am。8.删去“it”heasked作定语从句,定语从句中省略掉的关系代词that或者which作从句中的宾语,代指主句主语thelastquestion。9.which→inwhich句意为“那些成功的聋人舞蹈家们认为跳舞是一种视觉比听觉更为重要的表演活动”。inwhich在从句中作状语,代指indancing。10.删去“who”或在“who”后面加“were”可以使用完整的定语从句“whowereplayingfootball,或者去掉关系代词和be动词,即保留“playingfootball1”。11.them→which逗号前面是主句,逗号后面用从句,先行词是books,关系代词使甩which。12.that→who先行词中是由this,that,these,those引导的名词,后面的定语从句中使用关系代词which(指代物)或者who(指代人),不用that。13.speaks→speaking或在“speaks”前加“whospeakingontheplatform”是定语从句whoisspeakingontheplatform的缩略形式^14.it→which逗号后面加非限定性定语从句,关系代词用which,指代前面整个句子。15.which→whosewhose指代myfather’s,后面加名词suggestion。16.that→who此句中先行词是人称代词be,用who引导限定性从句,此处先行词属于泛指意义,表示此类人。句意为“怕吃败仗的人注定失败”。17.删去“which”关系which在从句中作主语,代指walls,从句谓语需要被被动态,即arepainted的形式。关系代词which和be动词可以省略。18.which→who先行词是thedoctor,非限定性定语从句中关系代词用who。19.Which→Aswhich和as都可以引导非限定性定语从句,as引导的可以放在主句前面,which只能引导从句放在主句后面。20.whom→who关系代词who引导从句修饰aperson,作从句的主语,关系代词用主格。♦翻译题1.Thestudentswhositnearthedoor2.themid-termtestwasheld3.whosepronunciationisclear4.wheremoderncomputersareequipped5.(that/which)weareusing6.whichislocatedintheeastofNanjing7.Asistrueeverywhereintheworld8.whichIfoundquitestrange9.withwhosehelp152 10.thefirstfourofwhich11.whenitisneitherhotnorcoldhere12.towhomIcomplainedaboutthebadservice13.TheEnglishthatisspokenintheU.S.isdifferentfromBritishEnglish.14.ThegirlwithwhomIlearnplayingthepianocomesfromCanada.15.网络是不久之前被引进的,它已经改变了很多公司做生意的方法。16.我永远不会忘记我收到大学录取通知书的那天。17.大约七百万美国孩子放学后缺乏成人的监管而独自在家。他们常常收看自己想看的电视节目。担心孩子们如何使用电视媒体的家长可以对此加以控制。V芯片,被安装在2000年1月以后生产的电视机中,它使得家长可以对孩子们收看的节目加以控制。所有13英寸以上的电视机都必须装有V芯片。18.Childrenarealwaysveryhappyonthedaywhentheschoolyearendsandsummervacationbegins.Theythinkaboutalltheplansthattheyhaveforthesummer.Somekidsgotoasummercampwhichisheldinthecountry.Somegotravellinginfamousscenicspots,wheretheycanenjoytheattractivesceneryandrelaxthemselves.WhilesomeothersjuststayathomewatchingTV,whichisbelievedtobeanunhealthywayoflife.♦完形填空TaskA1.(that/which)Iate限定性定语从句修饰先行词food,关系代可用出at或名which,在从句中作宾语,因此也可以备略。2.(who/that)Imet限足性定语从句修饰先行词travelers,关系代词可用that或者who,在从句中作宾语,因此也可以省略3.(who/that)Iwastravellingwith同2。4.(that/which)she/heisinterestedin同1。5.(that/which)Iaminterestedin同16.that/whichweresold限定性定从句修饰先行词souvenirs,关系代词可用that或者which,在从句中作主语,因此不可以省略。7.(that/which)theyspeak同1。8.(that/which)Ispent同1。9.(that/which)Ihadbought同l。10.(that/which)Itake同1。TaskBPassageA1．A定语从句修饰先行词people,关系代同whose在从句中充当定语,修饰后面的名词letters。2．D原理同1。5584-3183.B固定搭配,compareto意为“与……相比”。4.Dthat引导定语从句修饰名词quickcommunication,意为“电子邮件为我们带来的快速沟通。5.A按照句意,when引导时间状语从句。6.D本段介绍的就是即时消息工具。7.C发送和接受即时消息就像与朋友在说话一样。8.A分号以后的句子意为“许多人使用缩写,省略标点符号和大写宇母。他们只写首先想到的内容,点击,发送”。由这些内容可以看出,使用电子邮件和即时消息的人,不大思考“如何”去写。9.C定语从句修饰thefirstthing。10.Ayearslater意为“多年以后”。PassageB1.C空格前有逗号,定语从句中如使用关系代词的话只能用which,且与从句中的谓语动词是被动关系,即完整形式应为“whichwasbuilt”,其中关系代词which和be动词可以省略,剩下built。2.Binvestigate意为“调査,研究”。前文讲到电脑不工作,因此科学家进人电脑内部调査原因。3.C短语stopsth/sbfromdoing,此处意为“使得电脑无法正常工作”。152 4.Apreserve意为“保存,保留”。5.A此处用othere,复数形式表示languages。6.B定语从句中的关系代词和be动词被省略,剩下invented作后置定语修饰名词words。7.Dwho引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词everyone。8.D关系副词where引导定语从句修饰前面表示地点的名词theplace,在从句中充当状语。9.Cthat引导同位语从句。10.A以下是对“tech-speak”的举例。11.Dconcernaboutsth.,句意为“随着个人电脑的普及,人们对黑客行为越来越关注”。12.A黑客即是攻击别人电脑系统的人,逗号后面定语从句解释说明hacker。13.B固定短语beresponsiblefor,意为“对……负责”,句意为“黑客们还要对电脑病毒的传播负责”。14.B短语intheway,“以……的方式”,确定了介词in之后,后面的关系代词只能用which。15.C固定短语facialexpressions意为“面部表情”。16.A空格后面结构完整,是个宾语从句,作动词show的宾语,that引导宾语从句。17.Ameetinperson,意为“见面”,与前面提到的电子邮件是两种完全不同的沟通方式。18.B此处的结构表示“在某段时间内发生了……”。句意为“在近几十年里,通讯公司将更多的科技带人了我们的日常生活”。19.Dit作形式主语,实质主语是that引导的从句。句意是“科技类语言成为英语中越来越重要的一部分,这也就不足为奇了。20.Cusedby是定语从句whichwasusedby的缩略形式。◆选词填空1.K前面有不定冠词a,后面有介词for,此处填写单数名词。Haveapassionforsth.的意思是“对……有激情/强烈的喜爱”。2..Elookuponsb.意为“看待某人”,此处用被动态。3.C此句是对人们喜欢登山的原因的疑问,and后面加的名词何前面的名词cold并列,表示人们在登山过程中遭受的一些不好的东西。Hardship意为“艰难,困苦”。4.M前面有动词take,此处填名词。Takerisksinsth.,意为“冒险”。5.H此处前面有主句,后面有定语从句,但从句中缺少介词,因此此处应为介词的前置。giveleisuretosth.,意为“将空余时间花在……上”。6.Nsuchas的结构用于举例。7.L前面一句提到登山活动中没有类似高尔夫或足球中的人们制定的规则,此处中的however转折,表示登山中—定还是有某种规则的。which引导定语从句,修饰rules。8.Jignore意为“忽略,忽视”。9.G此句中arefreeto是句子的谓语部分,whoclimdmountains是作定语从句修饰空格处的名词,共同构成主语。Thosewho的结构表示“……的那些人”。10.A关系代词which前面有介词on,因此从句中的谓语动词一定能与介词on搭配使用,另外此动词在情态动词may的后面,用动词原形。状语从句选择题Direction:Foreachsentence(1-40)therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.I"llaskMr.Smithtoringyouup_____hecomesbacktotheoffice.A.whenB.becauseC.where.D.although2.Thepolicemansawthethief____heappearedonthestreetcomer.A.notuntil.B.aslongas.C.themoment.D.onlyif_____thatyoursoniswellagain,younolongerhaveanythingtoworryabout.A.SinceB.NowC.WhenD.After4.I"lllendyoumycomputer_____youpromisetotakecareofit.A.ifB.whileC.asD.unless5.I’llletyouknow____________hecomesback.152 A.beforeB.aslongasC.assoonasD.after6.Speakonceagainslowly____________Imayunderstandyoubetter.A.sinceB.suchthatC.SothatD.because7.Whenyoupreviewthelesson,you’dbettermakemark____________youhavequestions.A.theplaceB.AtwhereC.whereD.inwhere8.What’sthematter__________Istillhaven’treceivedthefax?A.WhenB.thatC.thoughD.however9._________borninChicago,theauthorwaswell-knownforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.A.sinceB.onceC.whenD.Although10.________westoodonthetopofthehill,thecitybelowwasobscure.A.AsB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Inspiteof11.Itwasnot______shetookoffthesunglasses______Irecognizedherasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.when;thenD.then;until12.______difficultthetaskmaybe,wewillsparenoeffortstocompleteitintime.A.NomatterB.EvenifC.AsthoughD.However13.ThereasonIwenttotheexhibitionwas________shewouldhavebeendisappointedifIhadn’tA.thatB.becauseC.becauseofD.inthat14.Theydecidedtochasethecowaway_______itdidmoredamagetothecrops.A.unlessB.untilC.beforeD.although15.Pleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrow________Iforget.A.incaseB.incaseofC.inthecaseofD.Innocase16._______afterwehadtakenourseatsthatthespeakercameintothemeetinghall.A.ItisshortlyB.shortlywasC.TherewasshortlyD.Shortly17.______theywon’tbeabletojoinus,wehavetochangeourpain.A.AssoonasB.BynowC.ProvidedD.seeingthat19.YoucanflytoLondontoday_______youdon’tmindchangingplanesinParis.A.exceptB.sofarasC.providedD.unless20._____sheisintelligent!Sarahisatleastcompetentandhard-working.A.IfonlyB.GrantedthatC.AsthoughD.justas21.Michaelusedtolookhurtandsurprisedwhen____.A.scoldingB.toscoldC.havingscoldedD.scolded22.IhadjuststartedbackforthehousetoChangemyclothes______Iheardvoices.A.asB.whenC.afterD.while23.Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave_____somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while24.IdecidedtogotothelibraryassoonasI______.A.finishwhatIdidB.finishedwhatIdidC.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoingD.finishedwhatIwasdoing25.Youseethelightning_______ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.A.theinstantB.foraninstantC.ontheinstantD.inaninstant26.Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill_____weallsatdowntorest.A.whenB.thenC.thanD.until27.______thatmyheadhadcleared,mybrainwasalsobeginningtoworkmuchbetter.A.ForB.NowC.sinceD.Despite28.Thetwoareasaresimilar________theybothhaveahighrainfallduringthisseason.A.tothatB.besidesthatC.inthatD.exceptthat29.Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded_______othermorewell-informedexperimentersfailed.A,whichB.thatC.whatD.where152 30.Ihavekeptthatportrait_______Icanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmyuniversitydaysLondon.A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.when31.YoucanarriveinGuangzhouearlierforthetraining____________youdon’tmindtakingthenightplane.A.providedB.unlessC.thoughD.asfaras32.Excuseme,ifyourcall’snoturgent,doyoumind____-minefirst?A.ImakeB.ifImakeC.metomakeD.thatImake33.We’llvisitEuropenextyear______wehaveenoughmoney.A.lestB.untilC.unlessD.provided34.Iwasadvisedtoarrangeforinsurance_____Ineededmedicaltreatment.A.neverthelessB.althoughC.incaseD.sothat35.I’vealreadytoldyouthatI’mgoingtobuyit,________.A.howevermuchitcostsB.howeverdoesitcostsmuchC.howmuchdoesitcostD.nomatterhowitcosts36._______thecalculationisright,scientistscanneverbesurethattheyhaveincludedallvariablesandmodeledthemaccurately.A.EvenifB.AsfarasC.IfonlyD.Solongas37.Hehasnevermixedwiththemorspokentothemonequalterms,_____hasgenerallyreceiedrespectduetohispositionandsuperiorintelligence.A.butB.andC.evenifD.Sothat38._______,thenews,governmentreportsandscientificstudiestestifytotheincreasingconsequencesofpopulationchange.A.ThemomentB.TheinstantC.ImmediatelyD.Everyday39.ProfessorSmith’stalkwasgenerallywellreceived,________asforthestatisticshereferredtoIdon’tthinktheywereup-to-date.A.moreoverB.butC.supposingthatD.forfearthat40.________checked,insectscanmultiplyveryrapidlywhenconditionsareintheirfavor.A.AtB.WhenC.AsD.Unless改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof20sentencesand3passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistake.Ineachpassage,therearealtogether9-10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovided.1.Heisdead,becauseIamalive.___________2.Hetalksifhekneweverythingaboutit.___________3.SofarIdomyworkwell,thebossdoesn’tmindwhenIarriveattheoffice.___________4.Fornowwehavebeguntalkingaboutit,I’dbettertellyouthetruth.___________5.ThepeopleatthepartystartedtoworryaboutBlairbecausenoonewasawareabouttheplacewhereshehadgone.___________6.Iwaswashingmyhairinthebathroomasthetelephonerangunexpectedly.___________7.Itwasnotuntilhegotamapbeforehestaredonhisway.___________8.Nosoonerhadtherobberenteredthebankthenhewascaught.___________9.ShewasafraidthatifthetrainspeededupshewouldloseherconnectiontoScotland.10.Themanagingdirectortooktheblamefortheaccident,asthoughitwasnotreallyhisfault.11.Thereasonwhyheadaptedtothenewsituationsquicklyisnowthathehasaflexibleattitude.12.Anearlytypewriterproducedlettersquicklyandneatly;thetypist,thereforecouldn’tseehisworkonthemachine.13.Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehouse,neverthelessthievesinvariablyknowwheretolook.152 14.DoyoumindwhenIgetthoughmyworkwhileyouaregettingteaready?15.Ileftworkearlierthanusualthismorninginlinewithtrafficjam.16.Theislandwhichtheserarebirdsnesthasbeendeclaredaconservation.17.Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn’tsomuchariseinbirthratesbutafallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementinmedicalcare.18.Thereareagreatnumberofnightschoolsinthecity,makingitpossibleforaprofessionaltobereeducatednomatterhowhedoes.19.People’sopinionsontelevisionaredivided.ThepoorqualityofitsprogramisoftencriticizedandTVcommercialsarealsoboring.Sotelevisionisundoubtedlyagreatcomforttomanylonelyandelderlypeople.20.Thesmallcollegegenerallyprovidesalimitednumberofcoursesandspecializationsbutoffersabetterstudent-facultyratio,howeverpermittingindividualizedattentiontostudents.PassageAWhyaresomanypeoplesoafraidoffailure?Simplybecausenoonetellsushowtofailsofailurebecomesagrowingexperience.S1.Weforgetthatfailureisapartofthehumanconditionandthateverypersonhastherighttofailure.MostparentsworkhardatS2.eitherpreventingfailureorshieldingtheirchildrenouttheknowledgeS3thattheyhavefailed.Onewayistolowerstandards.Amotherdescribesherchildrenhastilymadetableas“perfect”ifit’sclumsyandunsteady.S4.Anotherwayistoshiftblame.IfJohnfailsmath,histeacherisunfairorstupidThetroublewithfailurepreventiondevicesarethattheyS5leadachildunpreparedwithlifeintherealworld.TheyoungneedtoS6.learnthatnoonecanbebestateverything,noonecanwinallthetimeandthatitisimpossibletoenjoyagameevenwhenyoudon’twin.S7.Achildwhodoesnotinvitedtoabirthdayparty,whodoesn’tmaketheS8honorrollorthebaseballteamfeelsterrible,ofcourse.AndparentsshouldS9notofferaquickconsolationprizeorsay,“Itdoesn’tmatter”,becauseitdoes.Theyoungstershouldbeallowedtoexperiencedisappointmentandthenbehelpedtomasterit.PassageBThereispopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughthaseverignoredspellingS1.orconsidereditimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlyS2differentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuchpriority(重点)itmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwrittenability.S3Theproblemis,whattoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyS4.andconfidentlyinwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?Ifspellingbecomestheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterest,clearlyabrightchildwillbeliketo“playsafe”.HewilltendtowriteS5.onlywordswithhisrangeandchoosetoavoidadventurouslanguage.S6.ThatisbecauseteacheroftenencouragetheearlyuseofdictionariesS7.andpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.IwasshockingtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceS8.ofwritingaboutpersonalexperience:“Thisworkisterrible!Thereare152 fartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible(难以辨认的).”Itmayhavebeenasharpcriticismofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionattheteacherwhohasomittedtoreadtheS9.essay,thatcontainedanybeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeepfeelings.S10.PassageCAlmosteverynewinnovationgoesthroughthreephases.Wheninitiallyintroducingintothemarket,theprocessS1.ofadoptionisslow.Theearlymodelsareexpensiveandhardtouse,andperhapsevenunsafe.Theeconomicisrelativelysmall.Thesecondphaseistheexplosiveone,aslongastheinnovationS2.wasrapidlyadoptedbyalargenumberofpeople.ItgetscheaperS3.andeasiertouseandbecomessomethingfamiliar.Andtheninthethirdstage,diffusionoftheinnovationslowsdownagain,asifitpermeatesoutacrosstheeconomy.DuringtheexplosiveS4.phase,wholenewindustriesspringuptoproducethenewproductorinnovation,andtoservice.Forexample,duringthe1920s,therewasadramaticS5.accelerationinautoproduction,from1.9millionin1920to4.5millionin1929.ThisboomaccompaniedbyallsortsofotheressentialactivitiesS6.necessaryforanauto-basednation:RoadshadtobeenbuiltforthecarstoS7.runon;refineriesandoilwells,toprovidethegasoline;andgarages,torepairit.S8.Historically,thesamepatternisrepeatedagainandagainwithinnovations.TheconstructionoftheelectricalsystemrequestedanenormousS9.earlyinvestmentingenerationanddistributioncapacity.Theintroductionoftheradiowasfollowedbuyabuyingspree(无节制的狂热行为)byAmericanswhatquicklybroughtradiointoalmosthalfofallhouseholdsS10.by1930,upfromnearlynonein1924.◆翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-10bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethesentences11-20intoChinese.1.(尽管面临许多困难),markstilldecidedtogoabroadforfurtherstudy.2.Unlessanewassemblylineisinstalled,(否则提高产量是不可能的).3.(昨天她如果乘出租车去),shemighthavecaughtthetrain.4.(无论我们遇到什么情况),we’llhelponeanothertoovercomethem.5.Wecanacceptyourorderonconditionthat(你提前付款)。6.(雨一停),we’llsetoffforthestation.7.Shewassotired(一步也挪不动了).8.Theworkersagreedtocalloffthestrike(如果公司能满足他们的要求).9.(他不能进入俱乐部)becausehewasn’tamember.10.(虽然是在洛杉矶长大的),Davidhadalwayspreferredtorecordtheplainfactsofsmall-townlife.11.Theshop-assistantwasstraightwithhiscustomers.Ifanarticlewasofinferiorquality,he’dtellthemso.12.Oneingredientneededwhenmakingacakeisflour;anotherissugar.13.Weforgavehisbadtemperbecauseweknewthathisson’sillnesshadputhimundergreatstress.14.ButfortheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.152 15.Likeasifallyoueverdidattheclubwasplaythepianoallthetime.16.SupposingIwenttoseeapsychologistandhadacheck,willIfeelbetter?17.Igotmybagswalkedouttothatmuseumwherethecabsareandgotacab.18.Hedidn’tsayanythingmoreuntilwecameoutoftheparkattheFifthAvenue.19.WhenIgotoffatNanjingStation,thefirstthingIdidwastogointothisphonebooth.20.Egyptiansusedsecretingredientswhentheywrappedupdeadpeoplesothattheirfaceswouldnotrotforcenturies.◆选词填空Directions:Completethesentences1-10byfillingineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordgiveninthebrackets.Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Sentence1.Ifhehadtakenhislawyer’sadvice,he(save)himselfagreatdealoftrouble.2.Althoughshewastotally(experience),shewaschosenforthejob.3.Theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessfulifwe(notmake)adequatepreparation.4.Ourattitudetowardourteachersshouldbe(respect),butnotslavishorsuperstitious.5.Mariadeliberatelymissedthefirsttrainsothatshe(travel)onthesameonasMichael.6.Hewasafraidthatthebranchmightbendoverandbreak,andhewouldbesent(crash)totheground.7.Despitetheirgoodservice,mostinnsareless(cost)thanhotelsofequivalentstandards.8.InawayitisagoodthingIdidnotgetthepostI(apply),thoughImustadmitthatIwasdisappointedatthetime.9.Iftheboyhadleftthedogaloneit(bite)him.10.TheyweresofarawaythatI(makeout)theirfacesclearly.PassageTodayisWorldEarthDay.It’sthe39thdayofactioninresponsetothegrowing1aboutanenvironmentalcrisis.Thedayismeanttoincreaseawarenessandencouragepeopleandgovernmentstocaremoreofourenvironmentandtake2tosaveourplanet.Theearthcatchescold,ahumandisaster.ThewinterstormsinSouthChinaleftalastingimageamongChinesepeople.Butourearthis3morethanthis.Airpollution,watershortages,globalwarming,andtheextinctionof4areaddingscarstoourplanet.5bothmakersandvictimsofenvironmentaldisasters,humansarekeytoishealing.April22nd19706thefirstlarge-scalepublicenvironmentalmovementinhumanhistory.Over20millionpeopletooktothestreetsintheUnitedStatestoraiseawarenessofenvironmentalcrisis.Themovementwas7bySenatorGaylordNelson,whoforgedtheideaofEarthDay.Formthenon,EarthDayhasbecomeaninternationalevent,leadingtoatidalwaveofenvironmentalactivities8alllevels.FormTokyotoTogo,morethan500millionpeoplehavejoinedforcesinover170countries.ThewavealsosweptacrossChina.Actionsweretakenformgovernment.Moreandmorepeoplehavejoinedinrealactiontosaveourplanetbeforeitistoolate.AsufferingFlaunchedKsawBpossessionsGrangingLat152 CAsHconcernsMproductivityDsustainableItransmittedNactionEWhenJspeciesOcreatures第十二章状语从句◆选择题1.A2.C3.B4.A5.C6.C7.C8.B9.D10.A11.B12.D13.A14.C15.A16.A17.C18.D19.C20.B21.D22.B23.C24.D25.A26.C27.B28.C29.D30.B31.A32.B33.D34.C35.A36.A37.A38.D39.B40.D◆改错题1.because→justas/but原句意为“因为我活着,所以他死了。”前后这两个分句间(一般来说)不存在因果关系,用because不合适,改为justas引导比较状语从句,表示“就像”;或用but引导转折关系的状语从句。2.if→asifif引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,原句句意不通。改为asif,表示“好像”,该句意为“他谈话的样子好像对它非常了解。”3.sofar→aslongassotar表本“到目前为止”,一般接完成式havedone,用在此处则原句句意不通。改为aslongas表示“只要”,引导条件状语从句,该句意为“只要我做好工作,老板不介意我几点到办公室。”4.fornow→nowthafornow表示“就目前情况(来说)”,原句句意不通。改为nowthat,表示“既然”,引导让步状语从句,该句意为“既然我们谈到这个问題,我得告诉你实情。”5.abouttheplacewhere→ofwherebeaware后接of表示“意识到、知道”。原句欲表达“参加聚会的人们开始担心布莱尔了,因为没人知道她去哪了”,所以beawareof后接的宾语应是whereshehadgone。6.as→whenas引导时间状语从句,表示“―边……一边……”,而该分句“电话铃声响了”应是突然发生,改为when表示“这时”。7.Before→thatItwasnotuntil...that(接从句)……是固定的强调句式,表示“直到……才……”。8.Then→thanNosooner...than...是固定句式,表示“一……就……”。9.If→unless原句意为“她担心如果火车提速,她将失去……”,而应为“如果不提速”,if改为unless就含有否定的意义了。10.asthuugh→though/although表示“好像”,原句意为“经理承担了事故责任,好像并不真是他的错误。”改后意为“经理承担了事故责任,尽管不是他犯的错。”11.nowthat→thatnowthat引导原因状语从句,可译为“既然”。改为that关系连词,引导表语从句thathehasaflexibleattitude,意为“他能很快适应新环境的原因是他有灵活的态度。”12.therefore→howevertherefore引导结果状语从句,表示“所以”,原句意为“早期的打宇员打信件既快且工整,所以打字员看不到自己在打字机上打的材料。”可以看出分号前后两句并不是因果关系,改为however引导转折状语从句,表示“然而”,则题目意为“早期的打字员打信件既快且工整,然而打字员看不到自己在打字机上打的材料。”13.nevertheless→sincenevertheless引导转折状语从句,表示“然而”,原句意为“钥匙永远都不应被藏在房子附近,然而贼们总是知道哪能找到钥匙。”可以看出逗号前后并不是转折关系,而是“结果一原因”,强调的重点是逗号前的部分,所以改为since。14.when→ifif引导条件状语从句,接在doyoumind后表示“你是否介意……？”原句中while表示“正值什么时候”前句的动作发生,用在此处正确。原句when改为if后意为“你是否介意你沏茶时我将工作干完？”15.inlinewith→incaseofinlinewith表示“与……一致”,用在此处显然不合适,改为incaseof“以免”后,句意为“我今早比平时早出门上班,免得遇上交通堵塞。”16.which→where改为where引导定语从句,先行词是island,定语从句的主语是theserarebirds,谓语是nest(“筑巢”,不及物动词,所以不接宾语),where在定语从句中作地点状语。原句用which作关系代词,而该定语从句不缺主语,而动词nest不及物动词不能接宾语,所以which不符合语法规则。17.but→asso...as...用于含否定词的同级比较的句中,题目意为“人口增长的主要原因并不是出生率上升,而是应为医疗条件的提髙使得死亡率下降”。18.nomatterhow→nomatterwhat原句中nomatterhow表示“不管怎么(加形容词或副词)”,改为nomatter152 what表示“不管做什么”,则题目意为“城中有好多所夜校,不管你的工作是什么都能找到合适的课程接受继续教育。”19.so→however第一句意为“对于电视机们人们意见有分歧。”so前一句意为“电视节目太差,广告太无聊。”so后一句意为“无疑电视对于许多孤独的人和老人来说是种安慰。”这两句分别说电视机的利弊,有转折的意思,所以把so改为however。20.however→thus,thereforeHowever前后两部分不是转折关系,而是因果关系,“学生”与教师的比率不高,因此每个学生都能得到很好的关注。改为thus或therefore,引导结果状语从句.PassageAS1.so后加that英语中because与so不同时在一个表示原因与结果的复合句中出现,而题目中该句中已经用了because,所以不能再用so,改为sothat“以至于……”引导结果状语从句。S2.failure→failhavetherighttodo表示“有权利做某事”,原句名词failure改为动词fail。S3.out→fromshield...from...表示“保护某人”,该部分意为“保护孩子,不让他们知道失败了”。S4.if→eventhoughEventhough意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句,题目改后句意为“一个母亲用‘完美’来描述孩子匆忙中做的桌子,即使事实上桌子做得很拙劣而且不稳。”S5.are→is主语是thetrouble,对应的谓语动词应是单数第三人称,所以are改为is。S6.with→forbeunpreparedfor...表示“没有为……做好准备”。S7.impossible→possible改后itispossibletoenjoyagameevenwhenyoudon’twin意为“即使不赢比赛也能享受比赛的乐趣。”S8.does→is原句中使用了invited,从句意判断应是被动语态,则助动词does改为系动词is。S9.And→But改为but引导的句子与前面句子意义上有转折关系。“一个孩子若没被邀请参加一次生日聚会或是没有得到荣誉或是没有加入棒球队,当然感觉很坏。但是家长不应该马上给奖励去安慰孩子,或是说‘没关系,这不重要’,因为‘实际上这确实重要’。”PassageBS1.taught后加inIhavetaughtin构成定语从句,修饰先行词school,关系代词由于在定于从句中作in的宾语所以可以省略。S2.important→unimportant改后该句意为“我所执教过的学校从未有一所忽视拼写或认为它是一项不重要的基本技能。”此句用叙述者自身经历反驳了第一句陈述的一个当下流行的观念:学校已经不注重拼写了。S3.written→writingwritingability表示“写作能力”。S4.what→howhowtoencourageachildtoexpressfreely表示“怎样鼓励孩子自由地表达”。而原句用了what,what要在引导的名词性从句中充当宾语或主语,原句encourage的宾语是achild,而express在这里不需要接宾语,所以不能用what。S5.like→likelybelikelytodo表示“有可能做某事”。S6.with→withinwithin与range搭配,该句意为“他会更倾向于使用他掌握的词汇,而选择避免语言上的探险。”S7.because→why该句陈述了上一句的结果而不是原因,改后意为“这就是为什么教师们经常鼓励孩子早些使用词典……”。S8.shocking→shocked改后表示“我感到震惊……”。S9.at→onreflection表示“(对……的)反映时,后接onsth.。S10.that→which逗号后是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词essay,所以that改为which。PassageCS1.initiallyintroducing→it’sinitiallyintroducedWhen引导的状语从句的主语(应为anewinnovation,可用it指代)与主句主语(theprocessofadoption)不—致,所以应修改从句并补充从句的主语。S2.aslongas→whereWhere引导分句构成非限制性定语从句,句意为“第二阶段发展迅速,在这一阶段创新产品迅速被很多人采用。”aslongas表示“只有”,引导条件从句,用在这里不合适。S3.was→is整篇文章足说明文,主要使用现在时,该分句应与主句时态一致,用现在时。S4.as后的if去掉asif表示“好像”引导比较状语从句;而此分句是时间状语从句,as表示“随着”,改后句意为“第三阶段中,创新产品的传播速度随着其在经济生活中的应用而减缓下来”。S5.service后添加ittoservice152 是动词不定式,service作动词使用时是及物动词,要后接宾语,这里可译为“提供给……使用”,其宾语是逗号前的thenewproductorinnovation,这里用it指代即可。S6.boom后添加wasbeaccompaniedby...这个被动语态的结构可表示“与……同时存在”。S7.been→behavetodo表不“不得不做某事”,do是指用动词原形,been的原形为be。S8.it→them这里代词them指代逗号前的garages(复数形式),所以it改为them。S9.requested→requiredrequest表示“(口头或书面)请求、要求”;require表示“有赖于某人或某事物;需要”。此句意为“电力系统的建设需要早期在电力的生产和配送能力方面的大量的投资”。S10.what→that此句是定语从句,what只引导名词性从句,改为that引导定语从句修饰先行词abuyingspree,意为“这种狂热的购买行为很快将收音机带人了千家万户,到1930有一半的美国家庭有收音机,而在1924年这个数字接近0。”◆翻译砸1.Althoughhewasfacedwithmanydifficulties2.it’simpossibletoincreaseoutput3.Ifshehadtakenataxiyesterday4.whateverproblemswemaycomeacross5.youpayinadvance6.Assoonastherainstops7.thatshecouldnotmoveaninch8.ifthecompanywouldsatisfytheirdemands9.Hewasnotadmittedtotheclub10.ThoughraisedinLosAngeles11.这位售货员对顾客很坦诚。如果货物质量不好,他就把情况告诉顾客。12.如果做蛋糕,配料一是面粉,二是糖。13.我们原谅了他发脾气,因为我们知道他的儿子生病让他承受了很大的压力。14.如果不是英语考试,上周日我就去听音乐会了。15.看起来好像你在俱乐部的所有时间就只用来弹钢琴了。16.假如我去看心理专家、作检査,我会感觉好些么？17.我拿了包走出去,博物馆那儿停了很多出租车,在那儿我打了一辆车。18.直到我们从公园出来走上第五大街他也没有再说什么。19.走出南京站我做的第一件事就是走进电话亭。20.埃及人在将死去的人包裹起来时使用了不为人知的辅料,以至于尸体能历经几个世纪不腐烂。◆选词填空1.wouldhavesaved从逗号前的分句可看出此句为if引导的虚拟条件句,分句用haddone对过去的情况进行假设,主句对现在的情况虚拟,则对应使用wouldhavedone的形式。句意为“如果他听从了律师的意见,他可能省去很多麻烦。”可参考“第九章虚拟语气”。2.inexperienced句意为“虽然她完全没有经验,仍被选上作这份工作。”inexperienced意思为“无经验的”。3.hadnotmade同第1题,该句用了if引导的虚拟条件句。句意为“如果我们没有做充分的准备,这次会议可能不会如此成功。”4.respectfulbe后应为respect对应的形容词respectful,“恭敬的,表示尊敬的或尊重的”。5.couldtravel全句为过去时,could表示“能、可以”,句意为“Maria故意错过了第一辆火车以便能与Michael乘间—辆火车。”6.crashing使用现在分词短语表示主动意味动作。7.costly该句为比较句(than),所以系动词are后less应修饰形容词costly(昂贵的;费钱的),句意为“大部分旅店比同等标准的酒店便宜,虽然它们提供的服务也很好。”8.hadappliedapply“申请”这一动作发生在1didnotgetthepost“(得知)自己没得到这个职位之前”,前面用了did,所以apply改用过去完成时hadapplied。9.wouldn"thavebitten同第1题。句意为“如果男孩不招惹狗,他就不会被咬。”10.couldn’tmakeoutcouldn’t表示“不能”,主句用了were,从句与主句时态一致使用过去时,句意为“他们(离我)太远,以至于我看不清他们的脸。”Passage152 本文讲述了“地球日”的发起、发展和影响,以及参与“地球日”的意义是旨在提高人们对环境问题的重视,鼓励人们积极行动起来保护环境。选项的语法功能分析:A.suffering“遭受痛苦”,动名词、现在分词、构成现在进行时。B.Possessions“财产”,名词(复数)。C.As用于句首,(连词)“随着”;(介词)“作为”。D.sustainable“可持续的”,形容词。E.When用于句首,引导状语从句。F.launched“发起(活动)、发射",过去式、过去分词、构成被动语态。G.ranging“(表示范围)在某个区间内变化",现在分词,动名词,构成现在进行时。H.concerns“关注、关心;焦急、焦虑;与……有关”,名词(复数)、动词。I.transmitted“传输、传送”,过去式、过去分词、构成被动语态。J.species"物种、种类”,名词(复数)。K.saw“看见”,动词过去式。L.at介词M.productivity“生产力”,名词(不可数)。N.action“动作”,名词(不可数或可数名词单数行式)。O.creatures“生物”,名词(复数)。1.Hinresponseto“对……作出回应、响应”,to是介词,其后应接名词(短语)。growing此处为形容词,意为“增加的、提高的”,修饰空格处的名词,选择H.concerns意为“对于环境危机问题日渐忧虑”。2.Ntake后接宾语,所以空格处应为名词、代词、动名词等。takeaction意为“采取行动”。3.A系动词is后的空格处可能是单数的名词、代词,或形容词、副词,构成系表结构;可能是现在分词或过去分词,构成现在进行时或被动语态。根据上下文语境选择A.suffering,该句意为“但是我们的地球正在遭受更多的磨难”。4.J介词of后的空格处应为名词或代词,作of的宾语,选择J.species,theextinctionofspecies意为“物种的灭绝”。5.C空格处位于句首,后接名词短语作宾语或表语,可能构成介宾短语或分词结构,根据上下文选择C.As.该句意为“作为环境灾难的制造者同时也是受害者,人类是解决环壤问题的关键。”6.K该句中无谓语,所以空格处应是动词或系动词。主语是表示时间的April22nd1970,选择saw作谓语,意为“在1970年4月22日举行了人类历史上的第—次大规模的公共环境运动。”表示时间的短语(或单词)+see的适当形式+宾语”这一结构可表示“在某个时间发生了某亊”。7.F空格处位于系动词was和介词by中间,很有可能是过去分词来构成被动语态。选择f.launched,该句意为“此次活动由议员GaylordNelson发起。”8.L空格处后接名词levels(级别、水平),介词at与leve搭配,atalllevels意为“在不同的级别上”。9.G格所在的分句主语eachyear,谓语动词features,宾语atheme,空格后接from...to...,所以空格处可能为非谓语动词(分词),选择G.ranging,该分句意为“每年选择一个主题,从节约能源到可持续发展”。10.D空格处为形容词修饰名词development,选择D.sustainablesustainabledevelopment意为“可持续发展”。倒装句选择题Directions:Foreachsentence(1-40)therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheOneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Notuntildaybeforeyesterday______togiveaspeechatthemeeting.A.heagreedB.doesheagreeC.heagreesD.didheagree2.Notuntilyesterday______anythingabouttheprojectsthatwillbecompletedsoon.A.didIlearnB.haveIlearnC.IlearnD.thatIlearnt3.Onlywhenalltheworkwasdone______home.A.theyoungteacherreturnedB.didtheyoungteacherreturn152 C.returnedtheyoungteacherD.theyoungteacherdidreturn4.Nosoonerhadthewordsbeenspoken______herealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.A.whenB.thatC.thanD.and5.Little______howunhappyshehadbeen.A.IhadrealizedB.didIrealizeC.IrealizedD.hasIrealized6.______consideredthechoicesmorecarefully,theywouldhaverealizedthatthesecondwasbetterthanthefirst.A.IfthegroupmembershaveB.ThoughthegroupmembershaveC.HadthegroupmembersbeenD.Hadthegroupmembers7.______thegirl’spossessionsthatshecouldcarrytheminasinglesuitcase.A.WeresofewB.FewweresoC.SofewwereD.Thereweresofew8.Theyhaveallgotup,and______.A.SusanistooB.sohasSusanC.Susanhasn’tD.atSusan9.Look,______inhereveninggown.A.LilycomeshereB.herecomesLilyC.comeshereLilyD.hereLilycomes10.______fromthe5thfloorwhenhesawthepolicemancomingnear.A.JumpeddownthethiefB.DownthethiefjumpedC.ThethiefdownjumpedD.Downjumpedthethief11.______tosingwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.A.HardlyhadhestartedB.ScarcelydidhestartedC.NosoonerhadhestartedD.Notuntilhestarted12.______acertaindoubtamongthestudentsastothenecessityofthework.A.ItexistedB.ThereexistedC.TherehadD.Existedthere13.Onlywhenyouhavelearnedthebasics______runthemachinewell.A.youwillB.can’tyouC.canyouD.youcan14.Theyhadjusttakentheirseats,then______.A.comesthespokenB.thespokesmancomesC.camethespokesmanD.comethespokesman15.Notonly______thosewholeggedbehind,butweshouldtrytohelpthem.A.shouldwelookdownuponB.weshouldlookdownuponC.shouldn’tlookdownuponD.weshouldn’tlookupon16.–DoyouknowMarkhasbeenfiredbytheboss?--Idon’tknow,______.A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcareC.neitherIdon’tcareD.Idon’tcarealso17.So______inthedarkroomthatshedidn’tdaretomoveaninch.A.shewasscaredB.scaredwassheC.wasshescaredD.scaredshewas18.So______thathecouldn’tsayaword.A.exciteddidheseemB.excitedheseemedC.heseemedexcitedD.washeseemedexcited19.Oneachsideofthestreet______alotoftrees.A.aregrownB.growC.standsD.isstanding20.Scarcely______asleepwhenthephonerang.A.hadIfallenB.IhadfallenC.fellID.Ifell21.______thattheymayeventuallyreducetheamountoflaborneededonconstructionsitesby90percent.A.SocleveraretheconstructionrobotsB.SoclevertheconstructionrobotsareC.SuchconstructionrobotsarecleverD.Suchcleverconstructionrobotsare22.______atthecenterofthesquarethemonumenttoheroesintherescueafterthebigearthquake.152 A.ItstandsthereB.TherestandsC.StandsthereD.Ittherestand23.Ihavemadethedecisionandinnocircumstances______.A.willIchangemymindB.willmymindchangedC.willInotchangemymindD.Iwillchangemymind24.______inthepresentproject,Iwouldbequitewillingtojoinyoufortheparty.A.wereInotengagedB.IwerenotengagedC.EngagedIwerenotD.WerenotIengaged25.Onlywhen______givenspecialpermission,______swiminthepool.A.areyou;youcanB.youare;youcanC.areyou;canyouD.youare;canyou26.Seldom______anymistakeduringhispasttenyearsofservicehere.A.hedidmakeB.didhemakeC.shouldhemakeD.hemade27.Allnationsareequal,______.A.betheylargeorsmallB.theybelargeorsmallC.aretheylargeorsmallD.theyarelargeorsmall28.Flyingakitedemandsmoreskills______otherformsofsports.A.thandomostB.mostthandoC.thanmostdoD.dothanmost29.Notonly______thewordstothesongs,buthealsocomposedthemusic.A.theEnglishfellowwroteB.wrotetheEnglishfellowC.didtheEnglishfellowwriteD.theEnglishfellowdidwrite30.Inourcompany,everybodyiswelltakencareof,______.A.howeverishispositionB.nomatterwhatishispositionC.whathispositionisD.nomatterwhathispositionis31.______,therewasnohopeofherbeingabletosleep.A.AsshewasexhaustedB.IfshewasexhaustedC.ExhaustedthoughshewasD.Nowthatshewasexhausted32.______rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSunday.A.WouldsheleaveB.IfsheleaveC.WereshetoleaveD.Ifshehadleft33.Innocountry______Britain,ithadbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofsingleday.A.betterthanB.marethanC.otherthanD.ratherthan34.Onlyunderspecialcircumstances______totakemake-uptests.A.arefreshmenpermittedB.freshmenarepermittedC.permittedarefreshmenD.arepermittedfreshmen35.Sheneverlaughed,______losehertemper.A.orsheeverdidB.nordidsheeverC.ordidsheeverD.norsheeverdid36.Themoreyouexplain,______.A.themoreIamconfusedB.themoreconfusedIamC.IammoreconfusedD.confusedIammore37.Onlyinthesmalltown______.A.shefeelssecureandrelaxedB.secureandrelaxedfeelssheC.doesshefeelsecureandrelaxedD.secureandrelaxeddoesshefeel38.Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances______.A.shouldhetothecourtlieB.shouldhelietothecourtC.heshouldlietothecourtD.lieheshouldtothecourt39.Notuntilthedeadline______hisapplicationform.A.didhesendoutB.hesentoutC.hedidsendoutD.senthimout40.______beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.152 A.HadtheyarrivedB.WouldtheyarriveC.WeretheyarrivingD.Weretheytoarrive◆改错题Directions:Thispartconsistsof20sentencesand3passages.Ineachsentence,thereisonlyONEmistake.Ineachpassage,therearealtogether9-10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Markoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblankprovided.1.Aheadofmedidthegirlinwhitesit.2.Nowherefindyoutheanswertothisquestion.3.Notuntilthechildfellasleepthemotherleavetheroom.4.–Whycan’tIsmokehere?-Atnotimedoessmokingpermitinthemeeting-room.5.Hardlydidshegooutwhenastudentcametovisither.6.NotonlyyoubutalsoIbefoundofmusic.7.TomcanspeakSpanish,soJackcan.8.Onlyafterbeingaskedwheretimescomehetothemeeting.9.Tryashewillhard,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.10.–DoyouknowJackboughtanewcar?-Idon’tknow,nordon’tIcare.11.SocuriousthecouplewasaboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.12.Beaquietstudentashemay,hetalkalotabouthisfavoriteactorsafterclass.13.Inthedarkforestsmanylakeslie,somelargeenoughtoholdseveralEnglishtowns.14.TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofFrenchbutlittletheyknewaboutRussian.15.Neverbeforehadthiscitybeeningreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.16.Itwasn’tuntilnearlyamonthlaterwhenIreceivedthemanager’sreply.17.Onlyaftermyfriendcamedidthecomputerrepair.18.Youhaven’tseenit,neitherhaveI,norhasMike,norhasanyotherstudent.19.Sofastheranthatwecouldn’tcatchupwithhim.20.Manyatimegiveshegoodadvicetous.PassageAThefirstmanknowntouseasignalotherthanabonfire(篝火)usedachandelier(枝形吊灯).Hewaslordofacastlethatstoodneararockyseacoast.Hehangthechandelier,containingmanylargeS1.tallowcandles,inthehighesttowerofhiscastle.Thushewarnedpassingshipfromthedangeralongthecoast.S2.Candlessoonbecamethecommonfuelforsignallights.Theywerelaterreplacedbyoillamps,thatcouldburnlongerandbrighter.S3.Keroseneandgaslampsalsotried.ThesearestillinusenowinS4.somesmallerlighthouses.ButtodaymostlighthousessentelectricS5.lightblazingoutoverthesea.Theancientfiresignalscouldonlysay“Danger!Keepoff!”ButthemodernlighthousealsoidentifiesitinaS6.coderknowntoallshipping.Mostofthegreatlightshavetheirownspecialsignals.Thelightmaybeonethatblinks-asagiantfireflyS7.inthenight.Oritmaybearevolvinglightthatisredandthengreen.Oritmaybeonlywhite.Buthoweverthesignal,itissentveryregularly.S8.152 Ashipwithinitsrangeisneveratalosstoknowwhichlighthouseitis,andwhereitisbeinglocated.S9.PassageBThekeytobeingawinneristohavedesireandagoalfromwhichyourefusetobedeterred(被吓住).Thatdesirefuelsyourdreamsandthespecialgoalkeepsyoufocused.DeeplydownweallhaveahopS1.thatourdestinyisnottobeaverageandprosaic.Everyonetalksaboutagoodgame,butthewinnergoesoutanddosomething.Towin,S2.therehastobemovementandphysicalaction.Attitudesandpersistencecanhelpusbecomewhowewanttobe.Competitionisthebestmotivator.S3.BecausemanypeopleusecompetitionasanexcusefornotdoingS4.something,thosewhoreallywanttosuccessseecompetitionasanopportunity,S5.andthey’rewillingtodothetoughworknecessarilytowin.LearntoS6.dealwithfear.Fearisthegreatestdeterrenttotakingrisk.PeopleworryS7.muchaboutfailingthattheirfearparalyzesthem,drainingtheenergyS8.theymightyetbeusingtogrow.S9.Youcancultivateself-respectbydevelopingacommitmenttoyourowntalents.Itmaybenecessarytodothethingyoufearthemostinordertoputthatfeatinrest,sothatitcannolongercontrolyou.S10.PassageCAgoodwaytogetinformationforessaysandreportsistointerviewpeoplewhoareexpertsonyourtopicorwhichopinionsS1.maybeinteresting.Interviewsarealsoagoodwaytogetasamplingofpeople’sopinionsonvariousquestions.Herearesomesuggestionsthatwillhelpyoumakemostofaplannedinterview:S2.1.Ifthepersontobeinterviewed(theinterviewee)isbusy,cancelanappointmentinadvance.S3.2.Prepareyourquestionsbeforetheinterviewsothatyoumakebestuseofyourtime.Inpreparingthinkaboutthetopicaboutwhattheinterviewerislikelytoknow.S4.3.Useyourquestions,thusdon’tinsistonstickingtothemorproceedingS5.intheorderyouhavelisted.Oftentheintervieweewillhaveimportantinformationthatwasneveroccurredtoyou,oronequestionmayS6.suggestanotherveryusefulone.4.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomethingtheintervieweehassaid,saypolitelyandaskhimorhertoclarifyitortogiveanexample.S7.5.Takenotes,iftheintervieweegoestooslowlyforyou,askhimS8.orhertostopforamoment,especiallyifthepointisimportant.Ataperecorderletsyouavoidthisproblem.Therefore,besureS9.6.Assoonaspossibleaftertheinterview,readoveryournotes.Theymayneedclarifiedwhilethetopicisstillfreshinyoumind.S10.◆翻译题Directions:Completethesentences1-10bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketandtranslatethesentences11-20intoChinese.1.Toourdelight,she(进大学一个月就适应了校园涩会难过或).2.Thecustomercomplainedthatnosooner(他刚试着使用这台机器,它就不运转了).3.Thelocalgovernmenthadtotakesomeemergencymeasures152 (以便能渡过目前的危机).4.Hadtheweatherbeengood,(孩子们就去野营了).5.WereIgivenenoughmoney,(我会毫不犹豫的买一辆名牌车).6.Itmustbekeptinmindthat(只有通过终生学习你才能在这个竞争激烈的社会中生存).7.Onlyunderspecialcircumstances,(学生才被准许提前毕业).8.Hewasneverahero,nor(他也从没想过成为一个英雄).9.Onlywhenhefeelsgoodabouthimself______________(他才能写出诗来).10.______________(房间里噪音这么大)thatIcouldn’tworkintheroom.11.OnlynowdidIrecognizethechallengeIhadpresentedtheoldman,andrealizedhowwonderfullyhehadmetit._________________________________________________________________12.So,onlywithcombinationofconsideration,courageandconfidencecanwegetoveranydifficulty._________________________________________________________________13.SobacktothetraindisplaywentKing._________________________________________________________________14.InsidesatMrs.Smith._________________________________________________________________15.OutcamepencilandpaperandJodiewenttoworkonherletter._________________________________________________________________16.Look,herecomesthesingeranddancer._________________________________________________________________17.FiveorsixmilestothewestofthevillagelaythebeautifullakeofLakeMichigan._________________________________________________________________18.Alsopresentwillbeapersonwhoisinchargeofthestudentcanteen._________________________________________________________________19.WelldoIrememberthenightIsawyouoffatthetrainstation._________________________________________________________________20.Moreworthyofthename“stageschool”arethosefewplaceswherechildrenattendfulltime,withatrainingforthetheatreandageneraleducation.选词填空Directions:Completeeachsentence(1-10)byfillingineachblankwiththeproperformofthewordsgiveninthebrackets.Forthepassage,youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Sentence1.Then,andonlythen,_______________________(PeterandSonstayput).（stayput:留在原处不动）2.Onlywhenthewaroverin1949______________________________(hewasabletogetbackhome).3.Sotired________________________(hewas)afterawholeday’shardworkthathecouldbarelysatnd.4.Sadder__________________________(thetimeswere)whentheletterscamefromAmy.5.Onlythen___________________________(Irealize)Iwaswrong.6.Justthen__________________________________(thewhistleofapolicecarcame).7.Nowandthen_____________________(thewhalemustcometothetopofthewaterforair).8.Manyatime____________________________(hewentswimmingintheriver).9.Such_______________________________(AlbertEinsteinwas),asimplemanofgreatachievements.10.Upthestreet____________________________(manyhappyboyscame).PassageTheuseofnuclearpowerhasalreadyspreadallovertheworld.However,scientistsstillhavenotagreedonwhatshouldbedonewiththelargeamountsofwastematerialthatkeepincreasingeveryyear.152 Mostwastematerialsare1__ofsimplybyplacingthemsomewhere.Butnuclearwastemustbe2__withextremelygreatcare.Itgivesoffdangerousradiationanditwillcontinuetobe3__forhundreds,thousands,evenmillionsofyears.Howshouldwegetridofsuchwastematerialinsuchawaythatitwillnotharmthe4__?Oneideaistoputthisradioactivewasteinsideathickcontainer,whichisthen5__tothebottomoftheocean.Butsomescientistsbelievethatthiswayof__6__nuclearwastecouldkillfishandotherlivingthingsintheoceansor7__withtheirgrowth.Anotherwayto8__nuclearwasteistosenditintospace,tothesun,whereitwouldbeburned.Otherscientistssuggestthatthispullutingmaterialshouldbe9__thousandsofmetersundertheearth’ssurface.Suchundergroundareasmustbe10__ofpossibleearthquakes.Advancesarebeingmade.Butitmaystillbemanyyearsbeforethisproblemcouldbefinallysettled.AfreeFsafetyKdisposedBinterfereGburiedLdiscardingCresidenceHscatteringMenvironmentDhandleIremoveNdroppedEdeadlyJdealtOunfavorably第十三章倒装句◆选择题1.D2.A3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.B9.B10.D11.A12.B13.C14.C15.C16.B17.D18.A19.B20.A21.A22.B23.A24.A25.D26.B27.A28.A29.C30.D31.C32.C33.C34.A35.B36.B37.C38.B39.A40.D◆改错题1.didthegirlinwhitesit→satthegirlinwhite表示地点的状语aheadofme置于句首时句子全部倒装,所以句中的动词sit(过去式)提前至主语thegirlinwhite前,即Aheadofmesatthegirlinwhite.2.nowhere后加can,find紧跟主语you后否定副词nowhere置于句首时,句子要部分倒装,所以相应的情态动词can置于主语前,谓语动词find位于主语后。3.themother前加didnotuntil引导的有否定含义的分句位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,所以把主语themother对应的助动词did(根据前面分句判断使用过去式)置于主语themother前。4.does→is,permit→permittedAtnotime含有否定意义的状语置于句首时句子部分倒装,原句除了该状语外,其余部分为smokingispermittedinthemeeting-room,则系动词is置于主语smoking前。5.did→had,go→goneHardly...when...“刚……就……”这一句型中,hardly所在的主句中对应时态是过去完成式haddone,同时否定副hardly置于句首时,主句要部分倒装,则had置于主语she前,go变为过去分词gone。6.be→am根据临近一致原则,谓语的形式与相邻的主语I一致,即am。7.Jackcan→canJackso引导的分句重复前句的内容,则该分句部分倒装,所以情态动词can提前至主语Jack前。8.comehe→didhecomeOnly引导的状语(afterbeingaskedthreetimes)置于句首时,该句要部分倒装,根据句意判断该句用一般过去时,则主语he对应的助动词did置于主语前,谓语动词come(原形)仍位于主语后。9.Tryashewillhard→Hardashewilltryas引导的让步状语从句,可将副词hard提前至句首以强调,从句中其它部分顺序不变。10.don’t→donor引导肯定从句,表示“也不”。11.thecouplewas→wasthecoupleSo...that...表示“如此……以致于……”,如果so+形容词置于句首时,该分句要完全倒装,即系动词was提前至主语thecouple前。12.be置于may后As引导的让步状语从句的倒装形式为“形容词(或名词、动词)+as+该分句其余部分”,所以位于句首的应是aquietstudent(名词短语)。13.lie提前至many前地点状语Inthedarkforests置于句首时,句子要全部倒装,所以谓语动词lie提前至主语manylakes前。14.theyknew→didtheyknow否定副词little152 置于句首时,句子要部分倒装,根据原句判断用的是一般过去时,所以相应的助动词did提前至主语they前,谓语动词know用原形,位于主语后。15.had→has句意为“城市从来没有像现在这样需要现代公共交通。”根据句中neverbefore与时间状语today,句中应该用现在完成时,所以主语出thiscity对应的助动词不是did,而是does。16.when→thatItwasn"tuntil...that...这—句式表示“直到……才……”。17.didthecomputerrepair→wasthecomputerrepairedOnly引导的状语(onlyaftermyfriendcame)置于句首要时,句子要部分倒装,原句中动词repair此处用作及物动词“修理”,(原句除了状语的其它部分正常语序应为thecomputerwasrepaired,)部分倒装要将系动词was提前至主语thecomputer前。18.neither→nor如果含否定意义的句子中有多个主语,则只能用nor。19.heran→didherunso...that...表示“如此……以至于……",若其中so引导的分句置于句首,则该分句要部分倒装。原句使用了一般过去时,则对应的助动词did提前于主语he前,谓语动词run位于主语后,用原形。20.giveshe→doeshegiveManyatime时间状语置于句首时句子部分倒装,原句使用了一般现在时,则对应的第三人称单数助动词does提前至主语he前,谓语动词give位于主语后,用原形。PassageAS1.hang→hung从原文看对灯塔守护者的描述主要用了一般过去时,所以此处动词hang“悬挂”也改为过去式hung。S2.from→of短语warn...of...表示“警告、提示(有危险)”。S3.that→whichthat引导定语从句修饰先行词oillamp,定语从句与先行词间用逗号隔开了,所以是非限定性定语从句,所以关系代词改为which。S4.also前添加were该句Keroseneandgaslampsalsotried.意为“煤油灯和煤气灯也(被)用过。”应为被动句,且用过去时,所以加were。S5.sent→send该句的时间状语为today,相应地该句应使用现在时,所以改为send。S6.it→itself此处it代替的是主语thelighthouse,所以用反身代词itself。S7.as→like此处后接名词短语agiantfireflyinthenight,应用介词like,表示“好像”。as表示“好像”,作连词,后接句子。S8.however→whatever此处表系“不管、不论”,用whatever后接名词signal,表示“不管什么信号”。however表示“不管”时,后接形容词或副词。S9.Being去掉此处不强调正在进行的动作,所以将being去掉,一般现在时即可。PassageBS1.deeply→deepdeepdown意为“内心深处”。S2.do→doesbut引导的分句主语是thewinner,相应的谓语动词应为单数第三人称,所以do改为does。S3.who→what该句意为“态度和坚持不懈能帮助我们达到目标。”结合上下文,这里用what表示“……的事物”,而who表示“……人”用在此处不合适。S4.because→although/while该复合句中逗号前后两句构成轻微的对比含义,并不是因果关系,所以改为although。S5.success→succeedwant后接动词不定式,表示“想做某事”。success是名词,对应的动词是succeed。S6.necessarily→necessarynecessary形容词作后置定语修饰名词work,表示“必须的工作。”S7.risk→riskstakerisks表示“冒险”,名词用复数。S8.much前添加so该句用so...That...句型,表示“如此……以至于……”。S9.yet→otherwise该句意为“人们太担失败以至于害怕得不敢有所作为,同时耗尽了他们的力量,而这种力量本该使他们有所发展。”这里otherwise为副词,意为inanotheroradifferentway“用别的方法;不同地”。S10.in→toput...torest意为“放弃(错误的想法或观点通过证明它是不真实的)”。PassageCS1.which→whosewhose引导定语从句表示“谁的”,先行词是people(people后接f两个定语从句分别由关系代词who和whose引导)。S2.make后添加themakethemostofsth.意为“充分利用”。S3.cancel→make根据上下文,此句应为“如果被采访人很忙,则要提前预约。”makeanappointment意为“预约”。S4.interviewer→interviewee根据上下文,此句应为“准备的话题应为被采访人所熟悉的。”interviewee意为“被采访人”;interviewer意为“采访人”。152 S5.thus→but根据上下文,此句应为“问你准备的问题,但是不用只问准备的问题,但是也不用只问准备的问题,也不要完全按照问题的顺序(提问)。”所以此处应改为表示转折的连词but,而不用表示因果关系的thus。S6.was去掉occur表示“发生”,不用于被动语态。S7.say后添加so根据上下文,此句意为“如果没听懂被采访人说的话,就礼貌地说明‘自己不懂’并请他或她解释或举例说明。”此处加bo表示重复前句的内容。S8.slowly→fast根据上下文,此句意为“做记录,如果被采访人说得太快你跟不上,就请他或她停一会儿,特别是如果他或她说的这一点很重要时。”所以此处改为fast。S9.therefore→however根据上下文,此句意为“录音机可以帮你避免这一问题,然而,必须要征得被采访人的同意。”所以,此处连词应是表示转折的连词however。S10.clarified→clarifyingneed后接动词的v-ing形式可表示被动意义。根据上下文,此句意为“采访后要尽快整理采访记录,趁你还对此次采访记忆犹新时,及时理淸采访记录。”◆翻译题1.adaptedherselftocampuslifeamonthafterenteringcollege2.hadhetriedtousethemachinethanitstoppedworking3.sothatitcouldpullthroughthepresentcrisis4.thechildrencouldhavegoneoutforcamping5.Iwouldnothesitateamomenttopurchaseafamous-brandcar/Iwouldbuyafamous-brandcarwithouthesitation6.onlythroughlifelongstudycanyousurviveinthehighlycompetitivesociety7.arestudentspermittedtograduateaheadofschedule.8.didhethinkofbeingone9.canhewritesomepoems10.Suchabignoisewasthere11.这时我才体会到当年对那位老先生提出的挑战,而他又应付得那么地出色。12.因此,只有把思考、勇气和信心这三者结合起来,我们才能战胜一切困难。13.这样,金回到了陈列火车的地方。14.史密斯太太坐在里面。15.拿出钢笔和纸,朱蒂就开始写起信来。16.看,那位歌手兼跳舞者来了。17.小村庄西面五六里处就是没了的密执安湖。18.出席会议的还有学生食堂的负责人。19.我还清淸楚楚地记得在火车站为你送行的那个晚上。20.孩子们整天在这些地方,既排练演出,又接受常规教育。这些为数不多的地方更应被称为“舞台学校”。◆选词填空1.willPeterandSonstayputonly后接时间状语置于句首时该句要部分倒装。根据句子的时间状语判断该句使用一般将来时,该句若用正常语序为PeterandSonwillstayput,部分倒装时对应的助动词will提前至主语PeterandSon前,其余部分不动。2.washeabletogetbackhomeonly后接时间状语置于句首时该句要部分倒装。部分倒装时系动词was提前至主语he前,其余部分不动。3.washeSo接表语tired置于句首,强调表语,句子中系动词wag要置于主语he前。4.werethetimes表语sadder至于句首,强调表语时,句子中系动词were置于主语thetimes前。5.Didlrealizeonly后接时间状语置于句首时该句要部分倒装。根据句子的时间状语判断该句使用一般过去时,所以主语I对应的助动词did提前置于主语前,谓语动词realize用原形。6.camethewhistleofapolicecar“then+不及物动词+主语”用于生动描述一个场景。7.mustthewhalecometothetopofthewaterforair时间状语nowandthen置于句首,句子部分倒装,则情态动词must提前于主语thewhale前。8.didhegoswimmingintheriverManyatime时间状语置于句首时句子部分倒装,原句使用了一般过去时(went),则对应的助动词did前置于主语he前,went变为go位于主语后。9.wasAlbertEinstein此处such作表语,则系动词was提前于主语AlbertEinstein前。152 句子倒装后,逗号后的同位语与主语紧接,加强了连贯性。10.camemanyhappyboys句首为表地点的介词词组upthestreet,句子全部倒装,所以came置于主语manyhappyboys前。Passage本文记述了科学家们针对如何处理核废料的问题所作的讨论,并概述了几种方案。选项的语法功能分析:A.free形容词,“自由的;免费的”;动词,“使自由”等。B.interfere动词,“干涉”,后接insth.。C.residence名词,“住宅、住所”。D.handle动词,“处理、对付”;名词,“把手、握持处”等。E.deadly形容词,“致命的”。F.safety名词,“安全”。G.buried“被埋葬的”,过去分词。H.scattering“散布、撒”,现在分词。I.remove“移除”,动词。J.dealt“处理、对付”,动词过去式,过去分词。K.disposed“丢弃、处理”,动词过去式、过去分词。L.discarding“丢弃、扔掉”,现在分词,动名词。M.environment“环境”,名词。N.dropped“丢掉、掉”,过去式、过去分词。O.unfavorable“不喜欢的”,形容词;“不喜欢的人或物”;名词。1.Ktodisposeofsth.被动语态为sth.bedisposedof“丢弃某物”。空格处前是系动词are,此处有可能是被动语态,后是介词of,根据上下文填入过去分词disposed.句意为“大部分的核废料只是简单地放在某个地方,丢弃掉了。”2.Jtodealwithsth.被动语态为sth.bedealtwith“处理某物”。空格处前是系动词be,此处可能是被动语态,后是with,根据上下文填人过去分词dealt.句意为“但是核废料必须谨慎处理。”3.E空格处前是系动词be,此处填人形容词deadly,与dangerous呼应。4.M文章探讨怎样处理核废料才能避免污染环境,所以空格处前是定冠词the,则此处可能是名词,填入environment符合上下文语境。5.N空格处前有系动词is,可能填入过去分词、形容词、副词等。根据上下文,此处应是dropped。句意为“一种想法是把这些放射性物质放人十个厚度很厚的容器,然后将它沉入海底。”6.L空格处前是介词of,后接名词短语nuclearwaste,所以此处可能是及物动词的动名词形式,根据上下文填人discarding.句意为“但是很多科学家认为这样处理核废料会杀死海洋中的鱼和其它生物……”。7.B空格处前有or,所以此处可能是动词原形与kill并列,填入interfere,正好与空格后的介词with搭配。该部分意为“干涉它们的生长”。8.D空格处所在的句子,主语是anyway,to开始的动词不定式中宾语是nuclearwaste,所以空格处可能是及物动词原形,根据上下文填入handle,句意为“另一种处理核废料的办法是将它送入太空,送到太阳上烧毁。”9.G空格前是shouldbe,则空格处可能是过去分词,构成被动语态,根据句意填入buried,句意为“还有一些科学家建议将这些污染环境的废料埋人距地表几千米的地下。”10.A空格前是系动词be,其后为介词of,所以此处可能是形容词或过去分词等,根据上下文填人,句意为“这样深的地下可能没有地震。”自测综合练习120题PartⅠ.VocabularyandStructureDirections:Thereare90incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Heistryingallkindsofmaterialstolearn______used.A.whatofthemcanbeB.thattheycanbeC.whichofthemcanbeD.howcanbe152 2.Thereisoftenenoughinformationonthecardtotellyou_____beusefulornot.A.ifthebookwillB.whetherwillbebookC.thatthebookwillD.whetherthebookwill3.______troublesometheproblemis,wewillfaceitwithpatience.A.HoweverB.NomatterC.DespiteD.Although4.Thebabystartedcrying_____hesawhismother.A.whichB.asearlyasC.themomentD.soon5.Iagree______isright.A.thatyousaidB.thatyou’vejustsaidC.whatyousaiditD.whatyousaid6.______young,heservedintheAirforce.A.InspiteofB.WhenC.ThoughD.If7.Everyobjectintheuniverse,______largeorsmall,hasatendencytomovetowardseveryotherobject.A.howB.soC.beitD.whetherbeing8.Themachinewilllastlongerif______properly.A.beingusedB.usingC.itwillbeusedD.used9.Pleasedo________.A.whatyouthinkisrightB.allthatyouthinkitrightC.whatyouthinkitrightD.whatyouthinkitisright10.Hedidn’tliveupto______hadbeenexpectedofhim.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.allwhat11._____couldtheworkofreconstructionbeseriouslybegun.A.BythenB.UntilthenC.OnlythenD.Itwasthen12.______inclass,punishhim.A.ShouldanyonemisbehaveB.AnyoneshouldmisbehaveC.WillanyonemisbehaveD.Wouldanyonemisbehave13.Sobadly______intheaccidentthathewasdetainedinthehospitalfortreatment.A.didheinjureB.heinjuredC.washeinjuredD.hewasinjured14.Didyouaskher______?A.wherewasshegoingB.whereshewasgoingC,wheredidshegoD.wherehadshegone15.______fromthetenthfloorwhenthepolicemanpointedhispistolathim.A.DownjumpedtheburglarB.DowntheburglarjumpedC.JumpeddowntheburglarD.Theburglardownjumped16.TellArthur________.A.whosecaristhatB.whosecarthatisC.thatiswhosecarD.whoseisthatcar17.Nowhereelseintheworld_____cheapertailoringthaninHongKong.A.atouristhasfoundB.willfindatouristC.canatouristfindD.atouristcanfind18.Hewasseentogo______thedirectionofthepost-office.A.inB.toC.towardsD.along19.Imustapologize____notansweringyourletterintime.A.fromB.forC.duetoD.asaresultof20.JimmyreturnedtoEngland____good;hewillnotcometoHongKongagain.A.withB.forC.ofD.so21.Ihavenoobjection____hisstayinginthelibraryaslongashekeepssilent.A.ofB.inC.againstD.to22.Thereisnorule____hasexceptions.152 A.butB.thatC.whichD.unless23.Itwasn’t_____theirpersonalintereststhattheydidallthis.A.becauseB.forC.justD.only24.Allsolidsexpandwhentheyliquefy______iceandafewothers.A,besidesB.exceptforC.exceptD.inadditionto25._____goingtotheexhibition.A.AllbutheandIareB.AllbutheandIamC.AllbuthimandmeareD.Allbutmeandhimis26.Someofhissuggestionshavebeenadoptedbutothershavebeenturned______.A.awayB.outC.throughD.down27.Theaudiencewerecarried_____byhissmoothtalk.A.awayB.backC.throughD.on28.______allhisfaults,heisagreatman.A.RegardlessB.HoweverC.EvenD.With29.______thetwobooks,shealsobroughtadictionary.A.InadditionB.BesidesC.ExceptD.Exceptfor30.I’llphoneyouimmediatelyI______thenews.A.amgoingtogetB.willgetC.getD.shallget31.TheGreatWallisa_____ofarchitecture.A.resemblanceB.differenceC.secrecyD.miracle32.Doyouhavesomeideas_____afamilytalksoundslike?A.ofthatB.whatC.ofwhatD.that33.Themanthinksthathehasthebestopinionsonallsubjects_____.A.intheearthB.underthesunC.tohisnameD.afterhisname34.Thedrugmadeher_______.A.irrationalB.irresponsibleC.irrespectiveD.irrealizable35.Thefoodwasbadandthebillwas_____inhisrestaurant.A.accessB.acceleratedC.excessiveD.expensive36.Asadoctor,hespenthislife_____diseaseandaceremonywascarriedoutinhonorofhim.A.frighteningB.contendingC.goforD.goabroad37.Doyou____popmusic?A.goinB.goonC.goforD.goabroad38.Thefirstclonedsheepgaverisetomuch_____.A.controversyB.conferenceC.catastrophicD.catholic39.You’ve_____mewithmysister-itwasshewhosicklastweek.A.accusingB.confusingC.defusingD.confuting40.Ifshe’snotherein5minutes,we’ll_____sheisn’tcoming.A,erectB.confineC.assumeD.shield41.Attacksbyenemyaircraftforcedthetanksto____fromthecity.A.retreatB.resortC.reciteD.retract42.Couldyou____myaddressandphonenumberinyouraddressbook?A.comedownB.jotdownC.digupD.hangon43.Let’s______wherewefinishedyesterday.A.pickonB.pickatC.pickandchooseD.pickup44.What’ssurprisingis_____mostofthosefishspendpartoftheirlives,notintheriverbutintheforest.A.thatB.howC.ifD.which45.Attheparty,they____themselvesineatinganddrinking.A.cateredB.indulgedC.enjoyedD.pleased46.Ihavea______feelingthatIhavebeentoItalybefore.152 AcommonB.particularC.specialD.peculiar47.Weneedtofindthebestwayof_____thisproblem.A.approachingB.comingC.closeD.near48.Thebasiclackofgovernmentfundingisthe_____oftheproblem.A.corkB.cordC.cornD.core49.ThePrimeMinisteristomeethisEuropean____todiscussthewaragainstdrugs.A.partnersB.counterpartsC.colleaguesD.fellows50.It’san____tobuygood-qualitygoods,eventhoughtheycostmore.A.economyB.economicC.economicsD.economical51.Sheisavery____secretary,sheneverforgetsanythingormakesamistake.A.anxiousB.effectiveC.adequateD.efficient52.Janebreathedasighof____whenshefoundoutshehadpassedherexamA.freeB.sadC.reliefD.pain53.It’sgoodmannerstobe_____fordates.A.eagerB.actualC.punctualD.exact54.Theinjuredsoldierslayscreamingin_____.A.agonyB.theagonyC.agoniesD.theagonies55.Learnto_____beforeyouleap.A,climbB.creepC.mountD.rise56.Thebookfocuses_____thewaythecomputeraffectstheyoung.A.behindB.acrossC.forD.on57.Wewelcomerain,buta(an)____largeamountofrainfallwillcausefloods.A.extensivelyB.extremelyC.especiallyD.constantly58.Thedisabledshouldn’tbe_____.A.exposedtoB.chippedawayC.lookeddownonD.pulledover59._____theywouldtellmewhattheyhavedecided.A.IfonlyB.AsifC.HoweverD.Eventhough60.Inspiteoftheban,somescientistsarestill____researchoncloninghumans.A.carryingoffB.carryingawayC.carryingoutD.carryingforward61.Thecuriousboyasked____questions.A.abunchofB.abundleofC.astringofD.acrowdof62.Somescientistssaythattheopposition_____cloingis____.A.to;inrationalB.of;irrationalC.to;unrationalD.to;irrational63.Hepromisedtogetthecontract____anyprice.A.inB.atC.onD.upon64.Hermother_____thelittlegirltoleavethehousebeforeshefinishedherhomework.A.prohibitedB.forbadeC.bannedD.prevent65.Theaccident_____thedeathoftwopassengers.A.resultedinB.resultedfromC.resultedtoD.resulted66.Withnopaperqualifications_____,hefailedtogetadecentjob.A.afterhisnameB.inhisnameC.tohisnameD.forhisname67.Thefansarealwaysinterestedin_____loveaffairsoftheiridols.A.diggingupB.diggingonC.diggingforD.diggingin68.Thereisadegreeof____betweenthetwoboys.Sometimesit’sdifficulttotellthemfromeachother.A.resemblanceB.differenceC.secrecyD.miracle69.Myhairneeds_____.A.tocutB.cuttingC.cutD.becut70.Whenhemissedthelastbus,hewas_____whattodo.A.indespairB.infavorofC.atalossD.inaway152 71.That’soneofthosequestionsthatreallydon’tneed_____.A.answeredB.answeringC.toanswerD.beinganswered72.Hewentoffingreat______.A.needB.dangerC.wayD.haste73.Hedoesn’t____asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.A.equalB.matchC.qualifyD.fit74.Hedidn’t____fromthedifficulty.A.returnB.retreatC.regainD.resort75.Thepolicearesuspicious_____hiswords,becausehealreadyhasarecord.A.toB.atC.onD.of76.Shewasveryoldand____abletowalk.A.almostB.barelyC.nearlyD.fairly77.Whenaskedthisembarrassingquestion,thewomanresortedto____thetopic.A.shiftingB.shiftC.beingshiftedD.beshift78.Icouldn’t_____howgreatheis.A.getalongB.getthroughC.getoverD.getdown79.Hetalksasifhe____allaboutit.A.knowsB.hasknownC.knowD.knew80.Ifwe_____adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.A.shouldn’tmakeB.didn’tmakeC.wouldn’tmakeD.hadn’tmake81.This____,theywenthome.A.didB.doesC.doneD.wasdone82.Thetraditionalapproach____withcomplexproblemsistobreakthemdownintosmaller,moreeasilymanagedproblems.A.todealingB.indealingC.dealingD.todeal83._____theinternet,wecaneasilycommunicatewithanyoneintheworld.A,ThanksforB.ThanksC.ThanksonD.Thanksto84.Theoldmanwasin_____ofdoubt.A.agonyB.theagonyC.agoniesD.theagonies85.Iwanttoseehowmuchhehaschanged______.A.asIsawhimlastB.whenIsawhimlastC.afterIsawhimlastD.sinceIsawhimlast86.IfonlyI_____time.A.canturnbackB.couldturnbackC.turnbackD.haveturnedback87.Wemust_____ourplaninspiteofthedifficultconditions.A.carryinB.carrywithC.carryupD.carryout88.Herheartwas_____aftertherace.A.throbbingB.poundingC.strikingD.knocking89.Woodfurnituredoesnotfallinvalue_____properlyhandledandprotected.A.ifB.hasC.andD.that90.Thefivecandidateswillspeak____tointroducethemselvestothevoters.A.byturnB.atturnC.inturnD.onturnPartⅡ.ClozeDirections:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).Youshouldchoosetheonethatbestfitsintothepassage.Accidentsarecaused;theydon’tjust__91__Thereasonmaybe__92__tosee:anover-loadedtray,ashelfoutofreach,orapatchoficeontheroad.But,moreoftenthannot,thereisa__93__ofeventsleadinguptoadisastrousaccident-tirednessorjusthadtemper-thatshowswhattheaccidentreallyis,asortofattack__94_oneself.Roadaccident,__95__.happenfrequentlyafterafamilyquarrel,andweallknowpeoplewhoare152 accident-prone,__96__oftenatoddwith(与……相争)themselvesandtheworldthattheyseemtocauseaccidentsforthemselvesandothers.Yet,thisshouldnot__97__usthinkthataccidentshappentootherpeople.Bydefinition,anaccidentissomethingyoucannotpredictor__98__,andtheidea,whichusedtobecurrent(流行的),__99__themajorityofroadaccidentsarecausedbytheminorityofcriminallycarelessdivers,hasnotbeensupportedbyinsurancestatistics.Theseshowthatmostaccidents__100_motoristsinamomentofcarelessnessorthoughtlessness.91.A.happensB.happenC.happenedD.happening92.A.difficultB.clearC.easyD.hard93.A.chainB.varietyC.partD.kind94.A.againstB.atC.towardsD.on95.A.asaresultB.howeverC.forexampleD.furthermore96.A.soB.veryC.quiteD.muchtoo97.A.leadB.makeC.causeD.compel98.A.criticizeB.exposeC.stopD.avoid99.A.whetherB.thatC.howD.if100.A.involveB.hurtC.woundD.surprisePartⅢ.BankedClozeDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThefirsttimeIdecidedtoleavehomewaswhenIwasa__101__inhighschool.Ihadaboutahundreddollarsinmypocket,andsoIthoughtaboutleavinghome.IttookmeonlythreeweeksawayfromhomewhenIstartedtofeel__102__.Livingonmyownisa__103__differentexperienceforthreemainreasons:beingmoreresponsible,moredecisiveandmorecreative.Firstofall,IhavelearnedthatlivingonmyownrequiresthatIbecomemoreresponsible.Ihavetodealwithmydutieswithoutbeingtoldto.WhenIfailtodomyduties,Imustalsodealwiththe__104__onmyown.AnotherdifferentexperienceformewhilelivingonmyownisthatnowIhavebecomemoredecisive.Forexample,Imustmakethebestdecisionsformyselfwithouthurtinganybody’sfeelingsandwithoutmyparents’__105__.Therefore,Ibecamemorecreativejustbylivingonmyown.Icouldmakemyownfutureplan.Ihavemaderulesformyselfto__106__.In__107__,thesearethethingsthatusuallyhappenedwhenIamwithmyparentsandwhenIamalone.I__108__,Ithinkthatitis__109__foreveryoneinthisworldtolovetheirparentsandthemselvesbeforetheyloveanyoneelse.Theyshouldlearnhowtoliveontheirownandtheyneedtofollowevery__110__thatwasgiventothembytheirparents.Theycanmakeuseoftheirfreedomofchoicetoleadtowherevertheywant.AfollowFappropriateKconclusionBcomfortableGblameLtotallyCtechniqueHoutcomeMadditionDhomesickIexploreMlikelyEsophomoreJdecisionOauthorityPartⅣ.TranslationDirections:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.111.Theband__________(凭借那张专辑一举成名)inthe1980’s.112.________(知道原理是一回事),it’sanotherthingtoputitintopractice.113.Hehasastrongsenseofresponsibility,andthat’swhy_______________(他被选中掌管这个项目).152 114.Let’sbecareful.Thesituation______________(可能就要再次出现).115._______________________________(他一直在琢磨这个问题)untilhehadcompletelysolvedit.116.Ifthereisanywaywecanbeofassistance,___________________(尽管和我们练习)。117.________________________________(既然你不能回答这个问题),perhapswe’dbetterasksomeoneelse.118.It’sadifficultjob,_________________________(不过我想试试看)119.Thisisabookaboutbusinesspractice___________(而非理论的书).120.Shehasn’tgotanyhobbies_______________(除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好).自测综合练习120题PartI.VocabularyandStructure1.C考査宾语从句。句意:他尝试着各种材料,看看其中哪一种可以使用。此句which引导了一个宾语从句。2.D考査宾语从句。A选项if作连调不能与ornot连用;B选项whether作宾语从句应为陈述语序;C选项不符合句意;故只能选D。3.A考査状语从句。however=nomatterhow表示“无论怎样”,后接形容词。B选项nomatter缺少how;C选项despite应后接一个名词词组;D选项although后接一个陈述语句,故排除。4.C考査状语从句。只有themoment可以作连接词,引导一个状语从句,表示"一/刚……就”。句意:婴儿—见到母亲就开始哭了。5.D考査宾语从句。what引导宾语从句等于thethingthat,意为“所……的亊/东西/的话”;A、B选项用that引导不符合句意,而C选项多了一个it,故只能选D。6.B考査状语从句。A选项inspiteof应后接名词或名词词组,如果要跟形容词young,要加being;C、D选项不符合句意。Whenyoung是Whenhewasyoung的省略形式,状语从句在主句和从句主语一致的情况下,可以省略。句意:他年轻的时候,在空军服役。7.C考査状语从句。这里be表示“无论”,句意为“宇宙中的每个物体,无论大小……”,其它选项不意。8.D考査条件语从句的省略。A选项不能用being,因为if是连词不是介词;B选项逻辑主语machine和use的关系是被动不是主动关系;C选项不能用将来时,因在时候和条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来;D选项used是“themachineisused”的省略形式。9.A考査宾语从句。What表示“thethingthat...”句意:请做你认为是正确的亊情。10.A考査宾语从句。liveupto意为“达到……要求”what表示“对……所"(参照第9题本句句意:他不能达到人们对他的期望值。11.C考査倒装句。Only放在句首需倒装。本句的正常语序:“theworkofreconstructioncouldbeseriouslybegunonlythen.”;句意:只有等到那时重建工作才能认真开始。12.A考査倒装句。用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句,可以将should,were,had等词置于句首。13.C考査倒装句。so等词句首需倒装,且injure(受伤)词需用被动语态。句意:他在亊故中伤得如此严重,以致被留在医院做进—步治疗。14.B考査宾语从句。问句宾语从句部分应使用正常语序。15.A考査倒装句。用于以out,in,down,away等副词开头的句子来描写一个情景,且burglar为名词,需全部倒装。16.B考査宾语从句。宾语从句的从句部分应用正常语序。语意:告诉Arther那是谁的车。17.C考査倒装句。Nowhere放在句首需倒装。句意:世界上没有其它地方裁制衣服比香港还便宜。18.A考査介词。“inthedirectionof”为固定搭配,意为“朝着……方向”。19.B考査介词。“apologizeforsth."为固定搭配,意为“因……而感到抱歉”。20.B考査介词。“forgood”为固定词组,意为“永久地”。21.D考査介词。“haveobjectiontosth.”为固定搭配。句意:只要保持安静,我不反对他呆在图书馆。22.A考査副词。此句为谚语:“凡事皆有例外。”23.B考査介词。此处for意为“为了……”,句意:他做这一切不是为了个人利益。24.C考査词汇辨析。except,besides,exceptfor,inadditionto皆为“除……之外”,besides和inadditionto强调所排除的东西包括在内,意为“除……之外,还有”;而exceptandexcept152 for强调排除的东西不包括在内,except后接词一般与主语同类而exceptfor非同类。句意“除冰和其它几种物质外,所有固体物质液化时都会膨胀。”25.C考査词汇辨析。Allbut=allexcept为固定词组,意为“除了……都”。句意:除了我和他之外,所有人都去了展览会。26.D考査动词词组。turndown“拒绝”,turnaway“避开”,turnout“生产”,turnthrough不是固定词组。本句句意:他的一些建议被采纳,但其余的被回绝。27.A考査动词词组。carryaway意为“吸引住了”。句意:听众们被他平和的讲话吸引住了。28.D考査介词。With这里表示“尽管”。句意:尽管他有种种缺点,我还是喜欢他。regardless后要跟of;however后跟形容词或副词,表示“无论怎样”;even为程度副词,表示“甚至,更”,不符合句意。29.B考査词汇辨析。inaddition少了to;except和exceptfor表示“除了……”(包括排除的东西),只有beside表示“除……还”(包括排除的东西〉。句意:除了两本书外,他还带了一本字典。30.C考査状语从句。这里immediately相当于一个连词,引导时间状语从句,表示“刚……就时间状语从句的从句部分用一般现在时表示将来,故选C。31.D考査名词辨析。句意:长城是一个建筑奇迹。32.C考査介词宾语。haveanideaofsth.是固定词组,意为“了解,知道”,其中of是不可省略,后跟一个宾语从句。句意:你知道不知道家庭谈话是什么样子？33.B考査介词词组。underthesun是固定词组,意为“天下,世上一切”,表示强调。句意:他对(世上)一切问题都有自己精辟的意见。34.A考査形容词辨析。irrational不理智的”;irresponsible“不负责任的”;irrespective“不尊重的”;irrealizable“不可实现的”。故只有irrational符合句意。35.C考査词汇辨析。access意为“进人”,后面接to;accelerated“加速”;expensive“昂贵”只有C符合题意,意为“过度,过髙”。36.D考査动词辨析。Frightening“惊慌”;contending“争斗,搏斗competing“竞争”;combating“战斗,斗争”句意:作为—名医生,他一生都与疾病作斗争,而为了纪念他,人们举行了这个仪式。37.C考査动词词组。Goin“进入”Goin“继续”,goabroad“出国”只有gofor“喜欢”符合句意。38.A考査词汇辨析。controversy“争议”,符含句意。而conference“会议”,catastrophic“灾难的”,catholic“广泛的,普遍的”。句意:第一头克隆羊引发了很大争议。39.B考査动词辨析。accusing“指控”,defusing“缓和,平息”,confuting“驳斥”;而confusing为“混清”,句意:你把我和我姐弄混淆了,是她上星期生病的。40.C考査动词辨析。erect"建立”,confine“限制"shield“防护”;只有assume“认为,假设”符合题意。句意:如果她五分钟内不到,我们会认为她不会来了。41.A考査动词辨析。retreat“撤退”符合句意。resort“求助,借助”,nscite“背诵”retract“缩回”。句意:敌机的攻击迫使坦克从城市撤离42.B考査动词词组。comedown“过来”,digup“挖掘”,hangon“紧紧抓住,坚持”,只有jotdown“记录下来”符合题意。43.D考査动词词组。pickon“选中”,pickat“扯拉,挑弄”,pickup“重新得到,恢复谈话”。句意:让我们从昨天结束的地方接着往下说。44.A考査表语从句。句意:令人吃惊的是那些鱼大部分是在森林中而不是在河里生长的。45.B考査动词辨析。cater“迎合”,enjoy“喜欢、享受”,pleased“高兴”,indulgeoneselfinsth.是固定词组,意为“沉溺于”。句意:在晚会上,他们沉浸在吃喝当中。46.D考査形容辨析。common“普通的”,particular“特殊的,特定的”special“特殊的,特别的”,而peculiar“独特的,奇特的”。句意:我有一种(奇怪的)感觉我以前去过意大利。(强调奇怪,奇妙之处)47.A考査词汇辨析。本句of介词后应跟动名词或名词,故排除C和D选项;coming不符句意,只有approach,意为“接近,处理”。48.D考査词汇辨析。cork“软木塞”,cerd“细绳”,com“谷物”,core”核心。句意:问题的关键是缺少政府基本资金资助:49.B考査词汇辨析。partner“伙伴”,counterpart“对应的人物”,colleague“同事”,fellow“家伙,朋友”句意:首相将会见欧洲(相应职位)官员,商讨向毒品开战。152 50.A考査词性辨析。不定冠词an后需跟名词,故排除形容词economic(经济的)和economical(节约的)而economics意为“经济学”,不符合句意。本句句意:尽管购买高质量产品价格贵了些,但是经济划算的。51.D考査形容词辨析。anxious“渴望,焦急”,effective“有效的”,adequate“充足的”,efficient“效率高的”。句意:她是一个非常高效的秘书,从不忘事或出错。52.C考査词汇辨析:breathesighofrelief是固定词组,意为“松了一气”。53.C考査形容词辨析。eager“渴望,强烈愿望”,punctual”,“准时,守时”,exact“准确的”句意:遵守时间是有礼貌的行为。54.A考査介词词组。inagony为固定搭記,意为“处于痛苦之中”。句意:受伤的战士躺着在痛苦地呻吟。55.B考查动词辨析。Climb“攀爬,爬山”,creep“爬行"mount“登上、装上”rise“上升”本句为固定谚语,意为“先学爬后学走,按部就班,循序渐进”。56.D考査动同词组。Focuson是固定搭配,表示“重点,中心放在”句意:这本书重点是介绍计算机如何影响年靑人的。57.B考査副词。extensively“广泛地”,extremely“非常地”,especially“特别地”,constant经常地”。句意:我们希望下雨,但是太多的降雨量将造成洪涝。58.C考査动词词组。exposedto“暴露”。chipaway“切掉,切碎”,lookdownon“看不起,瞧不起”,pullover“拉过来,靠边停车”。句意:人们不应瞧不起残废人。59.AIfonly意为“要是……就好了”,后面引导一个虚拟条件句。本句句意“要是他们能告诉我他们的决定就好了。”60.C考査动词词组。carryoff夺走,抢走”,carryaway“搬走,入迷”,carryforward“发扬,弘扬”,故只有carryout“执行,实施”符合题意。句意:尽管颁布了禁令,一些科学家仍然进行克隆人的研究。61.C考査词组辨析。abunchof“一束,一堆”,abundleof“一包,一捆”,astringof"―串”,acrowdof“—群”。句意:愤怒的男孩问了一连串的问题。62.D考査介词和形容词。opposition(反对)后跟to是固定用法;rational(理性的)反义词是irrational,故选D。63.B考查介词。atanyprice是固定用法,意为“不惜任何代价”。本句句意:他答应不惜任何代价得到合同。64.B考査动词辨析。四个选项中的词都表示“禁止,阻止”,但prohibit和ban过于正式,表示“明文禁止的禁令”;而prevent的固定词组是“preventsb.from”,故只能选B。65.A考査动词词组。result后面跟介词in或from,故排除选项C和D。resultin表示“导致……结果”,而resultfrom则是“由于……原因”。本句句意:这次事故导致两名旅客死亡。66.C考査词组辨析。toone’sname为固定搭配,意为“在某人名下,属于自己所有”。本句句意:由于没有任何资格证书,无法得到一个体面工作。67.A考査词组辨析。digup为固定搭配,意为“挖掘出来”。本句句意:粉丝们总是对挖掘他们偶像的花边新闻感兴趣。68.A考査名词辨析。resemblance意为“相像”,difference“差异”,secrecy“秘密”,miracle“奇迹”。句意:二个男孩长缘有点像,有时很难互相区分。69.B考査动词。need可以用作情态动词或实义动词。在作实义动词时,need—般只能有两种用法:needdoing或needtobedone,所以只能选B。70.C考査动词词组。indespair意为“失望”,infavorof“赞成”,inaway“在某些方面,在某种程度”,只有ataloss“不知所措”符合题意。本句句意:当错过了最后一班车后,他不知所措。71.B考査动词。理由请参考69题。本句句意:那是一个真正不需要回答的问题之一。72.D考査介词词组。inhaste表示“匆匆忙忙”符合题意。本句句意:他匆忙离开。73.C考査动词辨析。equal(平等)后面与to连用,match(匹配)直接跟宾语,fit(适合)一般与for连用;所以只有qualify(有资格,符合要求),符合题意。本句句意:由于他的语音很糟糕,当英语老师不符合要求。74.B考査动词辨析。return意为“返回”,regain“重新获得”,resort“求助”retreat“后退,撤退”。句意:面对困难,他没有后退。75.D考査私容词搭配.besuspiciousof为固定搭配,意为“怀疑。本句句意:警察怀疑他说的话,因为他以前有过记录。76.B考查副词。almost意为“几乎”nearly“近于”,fairly非常地。相当地”,只有barely=hardly意为“几乎不”符合题意。句意:他年纪很大,几乎不能走路。77.A考査动词。句中词组resorttosth152 中的to是介词,因此,与doin连用;而且主语woman与动词shift的关系是主动关系。语意:当那位妇女被问到尴尬的问题时,她总是求助于转换话题。78.C考査动词词组。getalong意为“进展”,getthrough“通过”,getdown“吞下,沿……走下去”,只有getover意为“克服,不再为……而感到惊讶”。句意:我搞不明白他为什么如此伟大。79.D考査虚拟语气。Asif这后面从句一般用虚拟语气,一般现在时改为一般过去时,故选D。80.D考査虚拟语气。该句条件句是与过去客观情况相反,因此,用过去完成时代替一般过去时。81.C考査独立结构。独立结构的基本句式是with+n+过去分词现在分词,有时with可省略。本句this主语与动词do的关系是被动关系,因此用过去分词。句意:做完这件事后,他回家了。82.A考査固定搭配。approachto意为“……的方式方法”,是固定词组搭配,其中to是介词,与doingsth连用。句意:传统处理复杂问题的方法是将他们分解成若干更小更容易处理的问题。83.D考査动词词组。thanksto为固定词组,表示“多亏了,由于……原因”。84.A考査固定搭配。in(an)agonyof为固定用法,意为“处于……的痛苦之中"。句意:他正处于被别人质疑的痛苦之中。85.D考査动词时态。前面动词haschanged为现在完成时,因此,只能用since才符合题意和语法要求。句意:我想知道自从上次见过他以来,他有多大变化。86.B考査虚拟语气。Ifonly意为“要是……就好了”,要求后面用虚拟语气,故选B。87.D考査动词词组。意为“实行,执行”,是固定搭配,符合题意。88.A考査动词辨析。throb意为“跳动”,符合题意。pound“重击”,strike“撞击",knock“敲击”。89.A考査关联词。此句由if引导了一个省略主语的条件状语从句,相当于“ifwoodfurnitureisproperlyhandledandprotected”。句意:如果处置保护得当,木制家俱不会贬值。90.C考査介词词组。inturn为固定词组,意为“依次,轮流地”。句意:五名候选人依次向选民介绍自己。PartII.Cloze91.B考査动词。助动词don’t后只能跟原形动词。92.C考査形容词。根据上下文关系,事故的原因应该很容易发现。93.A考査近义此。variety和kind表示“种类”,而part表示“部分”,只能选chain表示“一连串”。句意:一连串的事情导致悲剧发生……。94.D考査搭配关系。attackonsb.为固定搭配,意为“对……的攻击”。95.C考査逻辑关系,根据上下文逻辑关系,作者是举了公路事故常发生在家庭争吵之后这样-个例子。96.A考査搭配关系。根据本句后半句that,可推判此处填so,构成so…that句式,意为“如此……以致”。97.B考査动词。lead,cause和compel动词后都要跟to,只有make作为“使动”可省to,表示“致使某人做某亊”。98.D考査动词辨析。Criticize“批评”,expose“暴露”,stop“停止”avoid“避免”。句意:事故是无法预测和避免的亊情。99.B考査名词性从句。idea后需跟同位语从句,用that引导。100.A考査动词。“involve…”为固定搭配,意为“使…陷入或卷入”。PartIII.BankedCloze词性分析名词:C.technique技术E.Sophomore二年级学生G.blame责骂H.outcome结果H.decision决定K.conclusion结论M.addition增加此外O.authority当局,权威动词:A.follow跟随,遵守G.Blame指责I.explore探索形容词:D.homesick想家的B.comfortable舒适的N.likely可能的副词:L.totally总体地101.E不定冠a后需填一个名词,只有名词sophomore符合题意。句意:当我在中学二年级时,就决定离家。102.D根据上半句“onlythreeweeksawayfromhome",可判作者开始想家了。feel为系动词,故跟形容词homesick。152 103.L形容词different只能用副词修饰。Atotallydifferentexperience意为“一种完全不同的经历”。104.H冠词the只能填一名词。句意:当我无法履行职责,必须自己处理由此带来的后果。105.0withoutmyparents’介词词组后应填名词,只有authority(权威)符合题意。句意:我必须在不伤害任何人又没有父母施压的情况下为自己做出最佳决定。106.A文中“1havemaderuleformyselfto”后面应跟动词不定式,作定语修饰rule,只有follow(遵守)符合题意。句意:我已经制定了一些自己可遵守的规定。107.K介词的后应跟名词。Inconclusion为固定搭配,意为“结果,结论”。108.M根据上下文应为递进关系,inaddition意为“此外”。109.F系动词后需跟形容词。Appropriate意为“合适”符合句意。110.Cevery后应跟名词,technique意为“技术”符合题意。本句大意:他们应该学会如何独立生活,并需要学会由他们父母传授下来的每一项技能。PartIV.Translation111.shottofamewiththatsinglealbum112.It’sonethingtounderstandtheprinciple113.heischosentotakechargeoftheproject144.maybeabouttorepeatitself115.Hekeptchippingawayattheproblem116.pleasedonothesitatetocontactus117.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion118.butPdliketohaveashot119.asopposedtotheory120.unlessyoucallwatchingTVahobby152 参考答案第一章名词◆选项题1.D2.C3.C4.C5.D6.D7.D8.A9.A10.C11.A12.D13.B14.C15.C16.A17.B18.B19.C20.D21.C22.D23.A24.D25.D26.A27.A28.A29.C30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.B36.B37.A38.A39.C40.B◆改错题1.thetea’scup→theteacup这里不用所有格。2.lives→life此句中life是抽象的,所以不用复数。3.essayist→essayist’s此处需要所有格。4.persistent→persistence此处需要名词与patience并列。5.looker-one→looker-on合成词中含有主体名词的,通常在主体名词后加-(e)s。6.devise→devicedevise动词意为“设计,发明”;device名词,“装置,设备”。7.tines→timetime作时间不可数。8.voice→noisevoice“声音”;noise“噪音”。9.specias→species拼写错误,species“种类,物种”。10.reservation→preservationresonation“保留,预约“;preservation“保存”。11.去掉a固定搭配itisfundoingsth。12.head→mind固定搭配keepinmind。13.Consider→Considering/Toconsider。14.choose→choice此处需要名词。15.attemption→attempt拼写错误,attempt“努力,尝试”。16.success前面添加a,或success→successful此处success作宾语不能单独存在,也可以将名词变为形容词作宾语。17.money→charge固定搭配freeofcharge。18.meaning→sense固定搭配makeanysense。19.constructions→instructions形近词混淆,construction“建筑,建筑物”;instruction“指示,指导”。20.its→their代词的单复数与主语保持一致。PassageAS1.employ→employment此处需要名词表示雇佣中介。S2.factory→factories此处是需要复数形式与前面的offices并列。S3.在time前面加a固定搭配atatime。S4.numbers→number此处表示总称数量,故用单数。S5.economic→economy此处需要名词,而非形容词。S6.job→jobs此处与之前的their一致,故用复数形式。S7.phenomenen→phenomenon拼写错误。S8.a→anend是以元音音素开头的名词。PassageBS1.relate→relation固定搭配inrelationto。S2.important→importance根据结构,此处需要名词构成短语oftheutmostimportance。S3.election→selection形近词辨析,election“选举,当选”;selection“选择,挑选”。S4.在words前加of此处需要介词构成短语useofwords。S5.comperohension→comprehension拼写错误。S6.receipt→reception形近词辨析,receipt”收据,收条”;reception“接待,招待”。S7.listenrs→listener注意下文的him是单数形式。152 S8.在way前加a固定搭配inaway。PassageCS1.Viewing→Viewed此处需要过去分词表示被动。S2.aims→aim根据谓语is,所以要用单数。S3.enjoys前面加he本句缺乏主语。S4.transform→transformation此处需要名词做主语。S5.year→years前面是amillion,所以此处需要复数形式。S6.去掉if根据逻辑含义,这里应该表示甚至,不构成条件从句。S7.co-operate→co-operated根据全文时态,应该用过去式。S8.when→after根据上下文逻辑,这里应该是“在……之后。S9.were→was主语intelligence是单数。S10.uncertainty→uncertainties与and前面的risks并列,所以用复数。◆翻译题1.Inconsiderationofyoursalary2.atthementionof3.Theapplicationofelectroniccomputers4.Itisagreathonor5.theresearchanddevelopmentofbetterandcheapergoods6.Thewayonedresseshimself/Theclothesonewear7.anabsolutenecessity8.对有些妇女来说,同工同酬仍然未成为现实。9.应聘以上职位,需具备下列资格。10.我们多年的辛苦工作全白费了,更别提我们花费的大量金钱了。11.在同一街区由同一机构管理服务的其他公寓,月租金高达200美元。12.财务管理包括募集充足的资金和管理好已投入的资本,它要求对公司未来运营中所需的现金进行估算,对使用短期还是长期贷款做出决断,选择适当的时机发行股票货出售债卷等。◆选词填空Sentence1.apply→appliance此处需要名词构成短语anelectronicappliance“电子设备”。2.associate→associations此处需要名词构成短语haveassociationswith“产生联系”,同时考虑到主语是复数形式。3.consider→consideration此处需要名词构成短语takeintoconsideration“考虑”。4.construct→construction此处需要名词构成短语constructionofcity“城市建设”。5.major→majority此处需要名词构成短语themajorityofstudents“大部分学生”。6.starve→starvation此次需要名词构成短语dangersofstarvationandexposure“饥荒和衣不蔽体的危险”。7.comfortable→comfort此处需要名词构成短语forspeedandcomfort“在速度和舒服度方面”。8.promote→promotion此处需要名词构成短语promotionopportunities“晋升机会”。9.short→shortage此次需要名词构成短语theshortageoffunds“资金短缺”。10.effective→effect(s)此次需要名词构成短语positiveeffect(s)oneconomicgrowth“对经济增长的积极影响”。Passage1.G(following)紧跟形容词big之后,此处需要名词,表示这种想法在美国从来没有得到很大的追捧。2.A(numbers)紧跟形容词official之后,此处需要名词,表示官方数字。3.F(year)紧跟不定冠词后,此处需要名词,构成短语takeayearoff,表示只有25人决定暂停学业一年。4.O(reason)此处需要吗名词做主语,表示最常见的暂停学业的原因是去旅游。5.E(chance)紧跟不定冠词后,此次需要名词,构成短语achancetorecover,表示一些中学毕业生把这看作是一休整的机会。6.B(profession)此次需要名词做宾语,根据上文逻辑,应该表示通过在医院当一年志愿者来了解折这个职业。7.K(projects)此处需要名词作宾语,表示很多大学支持暂停学业一年的项目。152 8.C(access)紧跟不定冠词后,需要名词构成固定搭配haveanaccess,表示有途径达成。9.J(idea)紧跟定冠词后,需要名词构成固定搭配ideaofsth,表示腾出时间来回顾,思考和享受生活经历的理念。10.M(pressure)紧跟定冠词后,需要名词,同时根据上下逻辑含义,表示在学习压力之外。第二章代词◆选择题1.B2.C3.B4.B5.A6.D7.A8.D9.C10.B11.B12.C13.D14.A15.A16.A17.D18.D19.B20.C◆改错题1.shookhead→shookhishead本题中shookhead(摇头)缺少代词,因此此动作的主语为Bill,故应改为shookhishead。2.I→me本题中介词for之后应接一个宾格,I的宾格为me。、3.whomever→whoever本题中for后面应接一个主格,做willseekit的主语,故whomever应改为whoever。4.去掉any本题考查固定词组inotherwords(换句话说)的用法。5.them→it本题考查baggage的用法。baggage(行李)为不可数名词,故应用it。6.anything→everything本句意为“是的,钱很重要,但钱不是一切”,应应将anything改为everything。7.去掉it在本句中,关系代词which做bought的宾语,故it为多余成分,应去掉。8.lookafteryou→lookafteryourself本句中“照顾好你自己”应用反身代词yourself。9.去掉all在本题中all和whole意义重复,因为all后接thing时,通常会用thing的复数形式吗,即allthethings,故此处应去掉all,保留thewholething。10.his→their在本题中,theSmiths指的是史密斯一家人,故后面的his应改为their。11.me→mine在本题中,me为第一人称代词的宾格,意为“我”,而此处需要用名词性物主代词mine,表示“我的情况(mycase)”。12.Asthiscity→asthatofthiscity在本题中,对比的是两座城市的人口问题,因population为不可数名词,故用that来指代,后接of来表示“这座城市的人口”。13.anyone→anyoneelse本句意为“他比班里其他人都高”,在anyone后面需加else,表示“其他任何人”。14.They→We/We→They在本题中,前后两句的人称不一致,任改其一即可。15.find→findit本题考查句型findit＋形容词＋todosth,故find后需接it。16.Englishteacher→myEnglishteacher在本题中,Englishteacher前需用形容词性物主代词来表示是谁的老师,因为后面说明是me,故应改为myEnglishteacher.17.it→they本句意为“我喜欢那些课,因为我感觉它们可以帮我理解世界是怎么运转的”,helped的主语thoseclasses是复数形式,故应用they来代替。18.either→neither本题考查不定代词的用法。either表示“两者中的任何一个”,根据句意可知,两个人都不愿意落后,故应将either改为neither“两者都不”。19.everything→anything本句意为“独自在一所废弃的房子,他如此地忙于研究工作发至于他根本感觉不到独孤”,考查词组anythingbut(根本不)的用法。20.another→ftheother在本题中,提到了是结果中的两种(twooftheconsequences),而两者中的另一个用theother,不用another(三者或三者以上的另一个)。PassageAS1.their→our结合整个文章,我们可以看到第一句应为”在我们的日常生活中·······”,故应将第三人称物主代词their改为第一人称物主代词our。S2.This→These本句中this后的单词为complaints,是复数形式,故应将指代单数的this改为指代复数的these。S3.them→they本句中them为宾格,不能做主语,故应将them改为主格they。S4.them→themselves本句意为“雇员们感到有压力,不光因为他们有可能发现自己事业了······,故此处应用反身代词themselves来表示“他们自己”。S5.Our→their本句在谈论employees,且本句前面两处地方谈到they,故第一人称的our应改为第三人称的their。S6.Some→It152 在本句中,some后面接的是appears,为第三人称单数形式,故主语应为表单数的词。结合上句可知,此处应用It来代替some,It指代上句中的work。S8.去掉it本句中主语pressure与后面的不定式有动宾关系,即dealwiththepressure,故it为多余的成分,应去掉。S9.us→our本句中,pressure前应为形容词性物主代词our,表示“我们的压力”,us为宾格,故应将us改为our。S10.both→all本句中,并没有指明是两种困难,故应将both改为all,,表示“全部的,所有的”。PassageBS1.herself→himself本句的后半句代词用的都是he,him和his,而且前半句的句意为“发现自己全身都僵了”,故此处的herself应改himself。S2.wastime→itwastime考查固定结构itwastimeforsbtodosth。S3.He’s→him本句中shell(壳)为名词,前面应用形容词性物主代词his来表示“他的壳”。he’s是heis或hehas的缩写。S4.both→other本句意为“·······他有可能被其他的螃蟹吃掉”,both两者”,other表示“其他的人或物”,故将both改为other。S5.These→This本句中these后面用的是fearwas···,故此处的these应改为指代单数的this。S6.which’s→what’swhich表示“哪一个,哪一些”,what表示“什么”。此处what’stherush意为“急什么啊”。S7.yourself→you本句意为“我可帮你蜕壳”。反身代词yourself意为“你自己”,此处应改为you。S8.去掉both本句意为“你的意思是,你不害怕洞里别的东西,却害怕自己的同类？”,故both为多余的成分。S9.their→my本句为上一名的回答,意为“不,我不害怕自己的同类“,故their应改为my。S10.Everything→Nothing本句考查词组nothingbut的用法。nothingbut意为“只不过”,本句的意思是“只不过怕被你吃掉”。PassageCS1.both→all本句意为”·······所有的学生都必须‘结婚’”,故both应改为all。S2.One→ones本处ones指代前面的theweddingceremonies,故应用复数形式。S3.That→Those此处的指示代词修饰后面的mockceremonies(模拟仪式),故应用复数these来修饰。S4.every→manyevery前为thereare,后为changes,故应使用修饰复数的词,every后通常接单数可数名词。S5.what→thatwhat不用引导定语从句。在此定语从句中,that指前面的changes,因其前面有不定代词修饰,故应用that。S6.Same→such本句考查suchas(像,例如)的用法。S7.去掉othereveryotherday意为“每隔一天”,而本句的意思是“·······他们每天都会遇到的问题”,故应去掉other。S8.去掉some本句意为“·······所有的考验和磨难”,故some为多余成分。S9.去掉it在此定语从句中,that指代前面的trialsandtribulations,,同时做定语从句的主语,故it为多余成分。S10.his→their在本句中,前面有divorcedmen,为复数形式,故后面应为“······他们的孩子”,改his为their。u翻译题1.Asmanytimesastheyneed2.Although(hewas)facedwithmanydifficulties3.Ittakeshermorethanonehourtogettothecompanyfromherhome4.Whatmostparentsconcern/areconcernedabout5.Whoevercomesfirst6.Lostistemper7.Thosewhodaretry8.ifImakeminefirst9.Ratherthanontheirusers10.Decidedtolaunchtheirownbusiness11.他瘦弱苍白,看上去一副可怜相。12.人生的意义不在于已经获取的而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。13.这个男孩因功课做得仔细认真而受到所有老师的赞赏。14.地下水的储量要比地面水大得多,但是由于看不到,所以我们往往低估了地下水的储量。15.没有什么教人如何使用电脑这种事情。你只能教人们用这个或那个程序,总体来说这容易完成。152 u选词填空Sentence1.G本句意为“它(糖)到底是什么？”,故应用疑问代词what。2.B本句意为“我们大多数人会直接将糖认为是我们放进咖啡或蛋糕里的一种甜的材料”,故most为最优项。3.C本句前面出现us,且根据句意,应选we。4.L此空格出现在句首,故单词的首字母应当=大写。It放在此处语法不对,Few放此处语义不对,故应选This。Thiscommonformofsugar指代上句中提到的thesweetmaterialwhichweputincoffeeorcakes。5.J此处缺失引导定语从句的关系代词,并在此定语从句中做主语,指代atypeofgrass,故应当选which。且从后半句的thesugarbeet(whichgrows···)可知这两处为并列结构,选which。6.A本句意为”但实际上糖有多种,化学家们识别出了上百种不同的种类,每一种都有不同的来源”,故选each。7.F此处考查词组otherthan(除了)的用法。8.E此空格出现在句首,故单词的首字母应大写。根据句意,应选It,指代上一句中的主语sugar。9.I上几句提到糖除了在食品方面的应用外,还提到了其在化学制品甚至塑料制品方面的用途,故此句中应用these,thesepotentialuses指代其在化学制品和塑料制品方面的应用。10.H此句中空格后面有than,前面应有表示比较级的单词,故选more。PassageB1.C此处考查suchas的用法。2.E此空格在句首,故首字母应大写。根据句意“当政府控制价格的时候······”,选故When。3.G空格后为economists(经济学家),此处应选不定代词来修饰economists,根据上下文,选some比many更为合适。4.N此处缺失引导定语从句的关系代词,因为先行词为themaximumrent,故that为最优项。5.A此处缺失引导定语从句的关系代词,因为先行词为People,空格后为areliving,故此处应选who,指人,并在定语从句中做主语。6.K此空格位于句首,故首字母应大写。备选词中所剩下的首字母大写的只有Their。句意为“他们(住在公寓里的人们)的租金不有涨······”。7.M本句缺失宾语从句的主语。前面有landlords,后面有their,故应选they。8.F根据上文可知房东知道不能涨租金以提高收益,因此他们投资于能够提高收益的别的行业,故应选other。9.B本句缺失引导定语从句的关系代词,指代前面的先行词newbuildings,并在定语从句中做主语,故应选which。10.O本句意为“因此,不再建造新的公寓大楼,需要公寓的许多人找不到任何(公寓可以租了)”,故选many。第三章冠词u选择题1.B2.C3.B4.D5.D6.B7.A8.D9.D10.C11.A12.C13.A14.D15.A16.B17.D18.B19.A20.Au改错题1.thefriend→afriend这里表示“一”数量。2.Phone前面添加the此处为固定搭配。3.aarchitect→anarchitectarchitect是元音音素开头的单词。4.Last前面添加the序数词前加定冠词表示“第几”。5.College前面a去掉此处为固定搭配。6.the→a不定冠词用在可数名词的单数前表示一个或一类人或物。7.hospital前面the去掉此处为固定搭配,inhospital表示“住院”,linthehospital表示“在医院里”。8.ARenaissance→TheRenaissance“文艺复兴”属专有名词,前虚加上定冠词。9.a8-year-olddaughter→an8-year-olddaughter8是以元音音素开头的单词。10.major前面添加a这里名词前需加不定冠词,表“一”数量。PassageS1.an→avery是以辅音音素开头的单词。S2.the→a此处不是特指,而是表示“一”数量。S3.thebabies→Babies,此处不是特指。S4.Water前面添加the此处为固定搭配,表示“水面”。S5.apool→thepoolpool此处是复述上文提到的pool。152 S6.an→the此处是复述上文的game。S7.reach和other中间添加the此处是特指“游泳池的另一端”。S8.a→the此处是特指“游泳池的整体长度”。S9.future前面a去掉只有一个头衔的名词前通常不加冠词。S10.air前面the去掉此处不是特指以及air不可数。u选词填空PassageA1.the形容词最高级前需加定冠词。2.The此处是特指。3.a此处表示“一”数量。4.a此处表示“一”数量。5.an此处表示“一”数量,但是后面名词是以元音音素开头的island。6./固定搭配,因为前面的短语attheentranceof。7.a此处表示“某一个”。8.the固定搭配bytheendof。9.a此处表示“一”数量。10.the此处是特指。PassageB1.a此处表示“g”数量。2.the此处是复述上文提到的station。3.the此处是特指“以上的事情是个谜团”。4.a此处表示“一”数量。5./此处somecome是代词,无需前加冠词。6.the此处是复述上文提到的pilot。7.a此处表示“一”数量。8.a固定搭配apairof。9.an此处表示“一”数量,而且airfield是以元音音素开头的单词。10.the此处是特指“另一半”。第四章形容词和副词♦选择题1.A2.B3.B4.C5.D6.C7.D8.A9.C10.D11.C12.B13.A14.B15.D16.C17.B18.C19.A20.D21.B22.A23.D24.C25.C26.A27.B28.D29.D30.A31.C32.B33.A34.C35.D36.B37.A38.D39.B40.A♦改错题1.While→When本句意为“当家人从波兰这里,他们身无分文。”when,while这两个词都有“当时候”之意,可以引导时间状语从句。when引导的从句与主句动作先后发生时,不能与while互换,所以when引导的从句多数情况下用的是一般过去时。while引导的从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态,它的意思是:当一事件正在发生的时候,另一件事如何。所以,while引导的从句一般用的是进行时。2.enoughcareful→carefulenough本句意为“她被经理解雇了,不是因为她缺少经验,而是由于她不够细心。”enough作副词,可以修饰动词、形容词和副同,但必须后置。3.hard→strict本句意为“他很讨厌不诚实,因此当他的孩子们说谎的时候,他很严厉。”strict指“要求严格的,严厉的”,而hard是指“坚硬的,困难的,艰苦的,艰难的”。4.well→better本句意为“我发现纪录往往比实际表现要好。”本句中be动词后,需要形容词作表语,并且表示比较,要用比较级better。bebetterthan,“比……更好”,而well是副词。5.likely前面添加more本题考查themore(active)...themore(likely)的比较结构。本句意为“比起你一直呆在房间里,你越积极活跃的话,就越有可能结识新的朋友。”6.either→neither本句意为“委员会没有违反规则,但也没有负责任。”either152 用作副词,用于两个否定式之后,作“也(不)”解释。neither通常用在句子(或简略答语)的开头,表示“也不”,用于主语前面的情态动词或助动词之前。如:Idon’tspeakFrench.Shedoesn’t,either.(=NeitherInorshespeaksFrench.)我不会讲法语,她也不会讲法语。再如:Ifshewon’tgo,neithershallI.(=Ifshewon’tgo,Iwon’t,either.)要是她不去,我也不去。7.themore去掉本句意为“售价高的产品比售价稍低的产品要更好。”形容洞superior(tosh/sht)本身就指better,stronger,ectthansb/sthelse(比……好的,强的,比……更胜一筹),有比较级的含义,前面不需要再加more,superior表示比较,后面不跟than,而用to。8.McCain→McCain’s本句意为“最新的民意调查显示奥巴马当选总统的机会远远高于麦凯恩。”连词than应连接两个对等的词和对等的结构,两边的语法形式应该一致,比较的是“奥巴马当选的机会”和“麦凯恩当选的机会”。9-em→even本句意为“他说,目前环境方面的法律和政策很完善,而法律政策的贯彻实施更为重要。”even可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示“(比……)更加……”。ever表示“曾经”用于疑问句或否定句,动词用现在完成时或过去时。10.fast→high本句意为“我们的汽车正在公路上高速行驶”。Fast尽管有“快的,迅速的”的意思,但表示“高速”,通常用形容词high(highspeed),high意为“abovethenormal,extreme,intense(超乎寻常的,极度的,强烈的)”。11.sensible→sensitive本句意为“有的树对污染太敏感,它们只能在非常干净的环境中才能生存。”sensitive,“敏感的,灵敏的,易受伤害的”;sensible,,“合理的”。12.suiprised→surprising本句意为“刚当上妈妈的人常常会精神抑郁,这并不让人惊讶。”surprised和surprising都是从动词surprise变来的两个形容词,但其用法区别在于surprised有被动意味,表示“对……感到惊奇”,主语习惯上是人,且其后多接介词at;surprising有主动意味,指“使人惊奇的”,作表语时主语习惯上是事。13.mostof→(去掉of)/mostofthe本句意为“据报道,大多数被领养的儿童都想知道他们亲生父母是谁。”most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数),同时,也可接有形容词修饰的名词。如:Mostboyslikeplayingfootball.如果是有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰的名词,前面要用mostof,不能用most,如:NowIcanunderstandmostofthelessons.或Ispentmostofmytimelearningtoplaypianolastyear.本句中adaptedchildren前没有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰,所以用most而不是most|of。如果用mostof,名词前加the。14.asmuchtwice→twiceasmuch本句意为“我们注意到,今年头三个月,您已经从我们这里购买了相当于去年头三个月两倍的商品。”本题考查英文中“倍数+as...as…”来表达倍数的方法。15.substantial→substantially本句意为“本次降息从今天开始,要大大超过今天的前三次的下降幅度。”根据句子结构,需要副词修饰形容词比较级larger。substantially,“可观地,大量地”,substantial是其形容词形式。16.respectftil→respectable本句意为“人人都竭力想要变得富有,受人尊重,这是人的本性。”respectable,“体面的,有身份的,值得尊敬的”;respectful,“恭敬的,表示尊重或尊重的”,如:berespectfulofotherpeople’sopinions,“尊重他人的意见”。17.much→more本句意为“他既不是作家,也不是工程师。”本句考查nomore…than的用法,表示对两者都否定,意为“同…一样不”。18.ambitious→ambiguous本句意为“这句话的意思含混不清,我不太能理解。”ambiguous,“模棱两可的,含混不清的,不明确的”;ambitious,“有野心的,有雄心的”。19.considerate→considerable本句意为“这项提议在市民当中引起了很大的争论。”considerable,“相当多的,相当大的”;considerate,“考虑周到的,为他人着想的,体谅的”。20.morethan→ratherthan本句意为“他说,世界上的领导们必须致力于改善贫困人群的生活,抵御疾病,以及维护工人阶级而不是企业的利益。”ratherthan用作连词,意为“而不”、“不是……(而是)”、“与其……(不如)”;morethan+名词表示“不仅仅是”,如:Jasonismorethanateacher;heisawriter,too.“Jason不仅仅是位老师,他也是位作家。”passageAS1.however→whatever本句是说:由—样东西把我们团结在一起,那就是想要创新的热情,以及无论做什么都要做到最好的决心。whatever指“无论什么,不管什么”,可以引导名词性从句作bebestin的宾语。S2.over→more或者把than去掉,此处要表达的意思是:一个多世纪以来我们一直在生产高品质的食物。表示“超过”,要么用介词over,要么用morethan。S3.dedicate→dedicateddedicated,形容词,意为“专用的,为某种特殊目的而设计的”;dedicate,动词,意为“将(自己、时间、精力)奉献给”,dedicateoneself/sthtosth。本句意思是:因为我们专门化的产品,我们倍受喜欢的品牌变得越来越好。这里用形容词dedicated。S4.well→better根据本句意思,这里指变得更好,动词get,意为“达到某种状态或情况,变得”,后面要跟形容词better。S5.把as去掉这句是说:我们现在要聘任一些创新者来管理一些新的团队。appoint,152 动词,“任命,委任”,后面直接跟宾语innovators,把as去掉。S6.last→leastatleast,“至少”;atlast,“最后,终于”。这句是说:申请者必须有食品工业方面的硕士学位,并有至少四年这方面的工作经历。所以把last改成least。S7.able→capable本题考查becapableof的搭配,指“能够,有能力的”,而able之后接动词不定式。这句是说:我们需要有很强团队精神的人,能够向非技术人员介绍技术上的概念。S8.significantly→significant本句需要形容词修饰名词amount,ssignificantamountoftime,“大量时间”。PassageBS1.it→they根据前半句主语AsianAmericans,后半句主语应是复数they。这句是说:尽管亚裔美国人仅占美国总人口的2.4%,但是他们却占哈佛大学本科生人数的17.1%,麻省理工学院的18%,加州大学伯克利分校的27.3%。S2.good→well这里需要副词去修饰动词doing,所以把形容词good改成well。S3.fascinated→fascinatingfascinating,extremelyinteresting,“极有趣的,有吸引力的,迷人的”;veryinterestedin,“入迷的,极感兴趣的”,常用于befascinatedby,指“对着迷的”。本句是说:年轻亚洲人的成就引发了一系列很有趣的研究。S4.more→most根据上文,本句是说(在这一系列研究中)最让人不安的研究结果来自于由密歇根大学心理学家哈罗德·W·斯蒂文森开展的研究,他将超过7000名来自芝加哥和明尼阿波利斯市的学生与北京、台北的学生进行了比较。所以将more改成most。S5.much→more根据本句意思,这里指超过7000名学生,morethan,“多于,超过”,把much改成more。S6.worse→worst本句比较的是allgradelevels,是在某一范围内,要用最髙级worst,本句意为:在一组数学测试中,在所有的年级中,美国学生的表现最差。worse是bad的比较级,是两者之间的比较。S7.在difference前面添加no根据下文转折的意思:但是如果在幼儿园时期成绩上就有差异,这就说明可能是家庭教育上有差别,这甚至是在孩子上学之前就存在了。由此可知,这句是说学生们成绩上的差异与智力无关,在智力上并其实没有差异,而主要是家庭原因。S8.ever~→even根据上一题,这里是“甚至”的意思,用副词even,用以加强出乎意料的语气。副词ever表示“曾经”,常用于疑问句或否定句。PassageCS1.if→whether这里考查的是whether…or...的结构,“不管……还是……”。本句是说:不管你是个爱读书的人还是仅仅是去买本书作为礼物,在书店的时光是很令人愉快的。S2.suddenly→sudden根据本句,前面是不定冠词a,后面是名词shower,所以是需要形容词sudden来修饰名词。本句意为:你甚至可能走进书店仅仅是为了躲避突如其来的阵雨。S3.bored→boring.aboringbook,“一本无聊的书”。boring,“没趣的,令人厌倦的”,是指某物让他人感到无聊;bored,“(对某人/事物)厌倦的;厌烦的”。本句是说:有时忍不住想要挑选一本封面很吸引人的书,虽然这种挑选书籍的方法并不可取,因为你有可能因此选到的是一本很无趣的书。S4.latter→later本题考查形容词的用法。later,“后来的,较晚的,以后的”;latter,(刚提及的两者中)后者的”。本句是说:(你很快专注于某本书,通常要很久之后你才意识到你已经在书店待了太久,必须匆忙赶赴被忘了的约会。S5.在far前面添加too根据本句意思,这里是指花费了太多时间,表示“太多的”,用toomuch。S6.forget→forgotten根据本句意思,这里需要形容词修饰名词appointments,指“被忘了的约会”,将forget改成forgotten,是过去分词作形容词“被遗忘的”。S7.impossible→possible根据上一句的意思:我想,能够逃离每日的现实生活是书店最主要的吸引力所在。后一句应该是说:没有很多地方有可能做到这一点。把impossible改成possible。S8.wonder→wander本题考查动词辨析。wander,“漫游,游荡,闲逛,徘徊”,wonder,“想知道,想弄明白”。这句是说:你可以尽情地在店里闲逛。S9.since→but上文说到在书店中,当你浏览书籍的时候店员不会打扰你。本句前半句是说:你可能会想知道某一类书籍在店内那个区域;后半句是说:当店员指引里过去后,他又会退到一旁,看起来好像是对卖书并不感兴趣。由此可知前后是转折关系,用but。S10.在as后添加if根据上一题可知,这里表示:似乎,好像,用asif。♦翻译题1.anabsolutenecessityinstudy2.theharmfulcanbetransformedintothebeneficial3.Theyarequitecontentwith4.Itwasofficiallyannounced152 5.heismoretimidthancautious6.Sheiseager7.Thousandsofred,beautifulroses8.Hardlyhadhearrivedhome或Hehadhardlyarrivedhome9.resistanttothepolicy10.HisannualvisitstoBeijing11.我们正在盖一所聋哑学校。12.今年我们的水稻又丰收了,比去年多收百分之十。13.只有女人才会站在装满衣服的衣柜前哀叹无衣可穿。14.实际上,我们有许多东西要学他们,就像他们有许多东西要学我们一样,只不过我们跟他们学的机会少得多罢了。15.这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏将会使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕作方式继续下去了——美国的这种耕作方式是以少量农民劳力的投入获得作物的高产。♦选词填空Sentence1.themoatcrowded本句意为:大多数公立学校都非常拥挤,这一所是其中人数最多的。这里需要crowded的最高级。2.lasting空格前是不定冠词a,后面是名词impression,所以空格处要用形容词。这里是说:老师的教导给他留下了永久的印象。这里用lasting,指“持续的,持久的”。3.vigorous空格处需要名词vigor的形容词形式,修饰名词短语advertisingcampaign,vigorous,“充满活力的,精力充沛的”。本句意为:由于我们大力的广告宣传活动,这个月新产品的销售数字已经达到36万美元,这是我们原本促销计划预期的三倍。4.originally根据本句结构,foundintheSouthernUnitedStates是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰,进一步说明countrymusic,空格处需要副词修饰动词found。originally,“起初地,原来地”。本句意为:乡村医院是多种流行音乐形式的融合,最初出现在美国南部。5.moreeffective空格后的than表明这里前后是进行比较,用effective的比较级。本意为:科学家们已经通过无数的实验表明比起批评,表扬更加能够有效地改善人们的行为。6.moreshy本题考查more...than...这一比较结构的用法,表示“与其……不如”,“更多……而不是”。本句意为:他们说Ben不太友好,但我认为与其说他不友好,其实他是比较害羞。7.anxiously本句空格前是be动词were,后面是现在分词anticipating,这是过去进行时,因此空格需要副同修饰动词anticipating。anxiously,“焦急地,优虑地”。本句意为:1940年对整个国家来说都非常艰难。人们在漫长的战争中苟且偷生,焦急地期盼着战争结束。8.enormously根据句子结构,空格处需要副词去修饰形容词encouraging。enormously,“非常地,极其地,巨大地”本句意为:让人深受鼓舞的是,通过改变饮食,可以改善动物健康,也有可能改善人类健康9.delightful空格处需要形容词和前面faithful并列,修饰后面名词friend。delightful,“使人快乐的,令人偷快的”。本句意为:他被很多人记住,不仅仅是个著名的学者,还是一位最忠诚的,最让人愉快的朋友。10.intensive根据句子结构,空格处需要形容词和后面的形容词短语heavilypoluting并列,去修饰名词enterprises。energy-intensive,“”本句意为:政府要严格控制能源密集型和重度污染企业的态度不会改变,贸易政策将保持稳定。Passage[单词分类及含义]形容词:A)rewarded得到奖赏的,得到报答的/也是reward的过去分词;C)difficult困难的,费力的;E)Powerless无影响力的,无权力的,没有能力的;F)更容易的,更不费力的,比较级;G)unequal不平等的,不均衡的;H)pleasant令人愉快的,友好的,和善的:I)competent有能力的,足以胜任的;J)incompetent无能力,不胜任的,不称职的;K)high髙的;L)done结束的,熟了的:M)upper上面的,上层的;N)more更多的,更大的;副词:B)mainly主要地.总体上;D)rather相当,更准确地说;K)high在高处,向高处;N)more(程度上)更强,更多;O)inferior较差的,级别低的实用大学英语语法讲座与测试1.G空格前是不定冠词a,后面是代词one,故应填入形容词。本句意为:贫穷存在是因为我们的社会是不公平的,强大的政治压力导致这一情况。2.Mmiddleandupperclass,152 “中产阶级和上等阶层”。本句意为:在美国,任何想要重新分配财富和收人的做法都会受到强大的中上层阶级的反对。3.B空格前是系动词is,后面是介词短语inthehandsiftherich,句子结构已完整,所以这里需要副词,修饰介词短语。本句意为:只有别人相对贫穷,才显得另一些人相对富有。因为权力主要掌握在富人手中,所以公共政策反映的是富人而不是穷人的利益。4.Dratherthan,固定用法,“而不是”5.L空格前是系动词get,后面需要形容词。本句意为:贫穷确保了一些苦活有人做。6.A空格处和前面构成havetobedone的结构,所以需要过去分词。本句意为:如果没有穷人去擦洗地板,去清空便盆,那么这些工作就不得不花更高的价钱让人来做。7.Fmake用作使役动词表示“使;使成为”时,可跟复合结构,即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”,其中的宾语补足语可以是不带to的不定式、过去分词、形容词或名词。本句意为:贫穷让穷人们去做了厨师,园丁,和其他的一些苦差事,使富人雇主们的生栝更加容易,享受到更愉快的生活。8.O空格处需要形容词修饰goodsandservices。本句意为:贫穷为较差的商品和服务提供了市场,比如不新鲜的面包,旧汽车,或是不称职的医生和律师。9.J根据上一题inferiorgoodsandservices,这里指不称职的医生和律师的建议。10.E空格前是系动词are和副词politically,因此这里需要形容词。本句意为:贫穷是美国经济体制的必然产物,穷人无法在政治上产生影响和改变。第五章介词♦选择题1.D2.A3.B4.C5.C6.A7.D8.B9.D10.C11.C12.B13.C14.D15.B16.A17.D18.B19.C20.B21.D22.A24.A25.C26.B27.D28.D29.B30.A31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C36.B37.D38.C39.A40.B♦改错题1.besides→except考查besides和except的区别。本句意为“除了他,没有人认为乘坐公共汽车的旅行是让人兴奋的。”besides表示“除了……还有……”的意思,表示包含在内;except仅表示“除了……之外,(没有……)”,表示排除在外。2.to→at/on固定搭配,at/onthecorner,“在角落,在拐角处”。本句意为“在街角处个电话亭。”3.for→in包含介词in的表示时间的介词短语可以表示“在一段时间以后”;for表示“达……之久(表示过了多少时间)”,强调时间的长度(某事持续多久),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时連用,但经常和完成时连用。本句是将来时,意为“我三年后将从大学毕业。”。4.on→to固定搭配,名词devotion后面要跟价词to,“对……的奉献,献身,挚爱”。本句意为“一开始,我对她全心投入教学的态度留下了深刻的印象。”5bepatientto→bepatientwith,固定搭配,bepatientwith,“对……有耐心”。本句意为“你对你父亲得有耐心,他的耳朵越来越背了。”6.underthediscuss→把the去牛,固定搭配,underdiscussion,“在讨论中”。本句意为“今天正在讨论关于工厂引进新的先进技术的问题。”7.把to去掉固定搭配,comeby(sth),“得到某事物(通常靠努务);也可以指偶然获得某事物”本句意为“我姐姐昨天确实得到了一本旧书。”8.at→byby表示“到某一时刻为止”,强调时间的期限,句中的动词常用表示“完成、终了”等意思的动词;而at表示在时间的具体一点,如:atmidnight(在午夜),atnoon(在正午)。本句意为“我遇到了堵车,当我到达机场的时候”,飞机已经起飞了。“9.on→in固定搭配,intheeventof,“万一,如果……发生”。本句意为“以防他突然去世,他之前给我留了一封信。”10.of→at/about固定搭配,beguiltyat/about,“对……感到内疚,惭愧的”。本句意为“又把她的生日忘了,我感到很内疚”。beguiltyof是指“对……有罪责的,犯罪的”。11.in→to固定搭配,beWindto,“对……视而不见,一无所知”。本句意为“国际性公司往往并没有注意本地市场的需求。”12.out→away固定搭配,wearaway,“(因重复使用而)变薄,变光滑,磨薄,磨光”。本句意为“大部分草皮已经背观众踩光了。”wearout是指“是某事物用的不能再用,用坏,耗尽”。13.to→from固定搭配,concealsth/sbfromsb/sth,“向……隐藏,掩埋,掩盖……”。本句意为“她吸毒,还想对我隐瞒这件事。”152 14.在onaccount后加of固定搭配,onaccountof,“因为,由于”。本句意为“由于生活节奏加快,各行各业的竞争也日益加剧。”15.在except后加forexceptfor用于表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,它不表示同类事物之间的关系,其意思为“除了……以外”。本句意为“除了个别拼写错误的,你的作文写得很好”这是对局部的否定,整体的肯定,用于表示同类事物之间的关系,其意为“除……以外,除去”比如:WehaveanEnglishlessoneverydayexceptSunday.除星期天外,我们每天有一堂英语课。16.for→of固定搭配,inhonorof,“出于对……的敬意”。本句意为“按照传统,庆典的亮点是对祭拜天地的宗教仪式。”17.at→of固定搭配,becriticalof,“指出、找出……的毛病、缺点,批评的,非难的”。本句意为“很多学者对政府的经济政策提出了批评。”18.to—of固定搭配,besensibleof,“觉察到……”。本句意为“她觉察到了自己处境困难。19.access后的in→to固定搭配,名词access后搭配介词to,指“进入……的通道,通路;(使用或见到的)机会,权利”。本句意为“在我的学校,学生们并不能使用图书馆。”20.comeup后加一个with固定搭配,comeupwith,“找到,提出(答案,办法等)”。本句意为“联合国会议有望提出紧急措施来解决当前的全球粮食危机问题。”comeup的意思为“(植物)长出地面,升起,发生,出现,被提及,被讨论”。PassageAS1.to→for固定搭配,payfor,“为……付费,付出代价”。本句意为:你要为这项投资付出什么并不是最重要的。S2.on→in固定搭配,inreturn,“作为(对某物)的回报”。本句意为:真正重要的是作为回报我们能得到什么.S3.on→at固定搭配,atrisk,“有危险,冒风险”,putsthatrisk,“使……处于危险”。本句意为:要使一个企业的未来发展遇到风险,最简单的方法之一就是把培训当作是要付出的成本,因此提供不合格的培训,仅仅把它作为暂时解决问题的方法。S4.for→to固定搭配,attempttodo,“企图,试图做……”。本句意为:很多公司试图去量化培训的结果。S5.from→to固定搭配,beequalto,“等同于,能对付,能胜任”。本句意为:假如一家公司派25位员工去培训,而这些员工得到的奖金相同,那么这就相当于每年156250美元S6.Afewof→把of去掉afew后面加可数名词的复数形式,意思是一些,强调有(如果是不可数名词的话得用aMe)。afewof,表示物品中的一些。举例来说,afewapples意思是一些苹果,而afewofapples意思则是(苹果中的)一部分苹果。本句意为:几年前,对于大多数企业来说,培训是一种额外可选的项目,只是用来向员工介绍其工作的基本要求。S7.nolongerthan→把than去掉,固定搭配,nolonger,“不再……”。本句意为:如今情况已不再是这样。S8.becauseof→把of去掉because是连词其后接句子;becauseof后面需要接名词、代词、动名词、what引导从句等。本句意为:(如果我们还一成不变的话,大多数企业在五年内就将被淘汰。)这是因为我们的竞争对手正通过培训使其员工工作更有效率。PassageBS1.dream后的in→of固定搭配,dreamofdoingsth,“想象,梦想……”。本句意为:人们常常梦想能住在一个没有贫穷的完美的地方,在那里人人都会为他人着想。S2.considerable→considerate形容词辨析,considerate,“考虑周到的,为(他人)着想的,体谅的,体贴的”;considerablem“相当多的,相当大的”。根据本句含义参见上一题。S3.at→to固定搭配,too...to...,“太……而不能……”。本句意为:但是,这样的地方太美好了,不太可能真实存在。goodat,“擅长于”。S4.madeup后面加of固定搭配,bemadeupof,“由……组成,构成”。本句意为:这样的地方是不存在的,这正是“乌托邦”的意思。这个词由两个希腊单词构成,意为“不存在的地方”S5.described-^describing分词短语作定语,现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系〉。本句意为:这个词是由16世纪的英国作家托马斯•莫尔在他的著作《乌托邦》中首次用到,他的书描写了一个完美的岛国。本句中describe的分词短语作为后置定语修饰book,并且是主谓关系,所以要用现在分词describing。S6.told→toldof/about固定搭配,tellof/about,“讲述”。本句意为:早期的传说讲述了在大西洋某处的一个完美的地方。S7.iseffected→effected或itiseffected本句主句是Utopiawouldnotsuddenlyeverythingperfect...,而这里应是if引导的条件状语从句ifitiseffected,因为从句中的主语it和主句中的主语Utopia一152 致,就可以把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略,因此变成ifeffected。本句意为:乌托邦如果真能实现的话也不会让世界突然变得完美,因为人类生来就是不完美的。S8.ofnature→bynature固定搭配,bynature,“天生地,出于本性地”。本句含义见上一题。PassageCS1.off→of固定搭配,dieof,“死于,因……而死”。本句意为:死于结核病的人数要多于其他疾病。S2.in→or固定搭配,forawhile,“一会儿,一时”,forquiteawhile,“好长一会儿,相当长一段时间”。本句意为:这种情况可能已经持续很久了。S3.of—in介词in可以用来表示比率或相对数量,本句意为:在欧洲人口较多的城市中,有七分之一的死亡是由这种疾病引起的。S4.now→then固定搭配,fromthen,“从那时起,从那以后”;fromnowon,“从现在开始”。本句是过去式,是对过去情况的描述,应用出on。本句意为:不过从那之后,不包括全球的情况,仅在欧洲,这种疾病带来的影响逐渐减小。fromnowcm,“从现在开始”。S5.in→into固定搭配,gointoadecline,“失去力量,影响等”,本句含义见上一题。S6.imported→exported本句意为:在20世纪50年代,随着抗生素的出现,在发达国家,这一趋势不断加强,同时,抗生素也被允许出口到贫困国家。根据句意,应该用动词export,“出口,输出”;而import是其反义词“进口,输入,引进”。S7.out→up固定搭配,pickup,“重新开始,继续”。本句意为:在20世纪中期,结核病的传染和死亡率在全球范围又开始上升。picksb/sthout,“挑选出”。58.better→worse前面一句是说在20世纪结核病又开始卷土重来。根据本句前半句:在本已消灭结核病的地方,疾病又重新出现;那么后半句应是说:在很多一直有结核病感染的国家,这一情况是越来越糟。应把better改成worse。59.of→from固定搭配,sufferfrom,“因(疾病)而痛或不舒服,受……之苦”。本句意为:据世界卫生组织估计,有17亿人(相当于世界总人口的三分之一)深受结核病之苦。S10.constantly→constantconstant,“连续不断的”,形容词;constantly,“不断地,一直”,是副词。根据本句结构,这里需要形容词作动词keep的宾语补足语。本句意为:甚至是在传染率下降的时候,人口的增长导致临床病例的数量一直是在一年800万左右。♦翻译题1.Heisreallyveryfondof2.inblackink3.Itisunwiseofyoutobejealousofothers4.isfinallyoffwelfare5.ishungryforsuccess6.I’mignorant7.atthenews8.Areyouconsciousof9.Shewastotallyblindto10.thereliefofsuffering11.他没有忧虑和压力,所以过着很幸福的生活12.大多数人都反对这项提议。13.新博物馆已落成向公众开放。14.法国客人到达宾馆不久,就同他们的美国主人一起吃了一顿丰盛的宴席。15.人如果依赖的是身外之物,是金钱,是权力、名誉之类的东西,那他就不会感到安全,永远也不会。只有做到自制,知足的人,才会真正感到安全。♦选词填空Sentence1.duringduring是指“在期间”,强调某事是在某一段时间内发生的。本句前半句是说:她病了一星期了,那么后面应是:在这期间,她什么都没吃。2.in,toin表示“在上午、下午、晚上、傍晚”,inthemorning,“在上午”;cometoanend,“结束,中止”。本句意为:一大早就开始的冒险旅程终于结束了。3.ofbeindependentof,“独立,不依靠……”。本句意为:年幼的动物很快就不再依赖他们的母亲。152 4.from,aboutfrom,“(表示来源)来自,源于,从来”;bedoubtfulabout,“对……怀疑”。本句意为:考试的巨大压力能使一些学生对自己是否能够通过产生了怀疑。5.withwith,“由于,随着”。本句意为:香烟吸得越多,患癌症的风险也会增大。to,towouldliketodo,“想要做某事”;beequivalenttosth/doingsth,“相当于,相同的”。本句意为:我想要提醒你,吸烟是很不好的习惯,等于是在自杀。7.From,forfrom,“(表示来源)来自,源于,从来”;hesuitablefor,“适合”。本句意为:据我对他的了解,他很适合这个职位。8.ofawarenessofsth,“知道,意识到”。本句意为:他说,这项指导方针使我们向正确的方向更迈进了一步,加强了公众对于家庭暴力的认识。9.ofbeenviousofsb/sth,“羡慕,忌妒……”本句意为:有多少人能很坦诚地说没有对他们的简单生活感到一点点羡慕。10.in,to,withinone’steens,“青少年时期(13—19岁)”;belikelytodosth,“可能做……”;interferewithsth,“妨碍,干扰”。本句意为:通常不鼓励青少年在十几岁的时候结婚,因为婚姻生活可能会影响到年轻女性接受教育,最终限制了她们未来的机会。Passage1.Obringabout,“引起,带来,导致”。本句意为生活方式的改变会给人们的工作带来变动。2.Ginsteadof,“代替”。本句意为:越来越多的人住在城镇而不是乡村。3.Csuchas,“例如,比如”。本句意为:国家和城市不得不为其居民提供更多服务,比如更多的治安保护,更多的医院和4.I空格处古句中作主语,因此需要名词,advance,“进步,进展”。本句意为:科技的进步也改变了人们的生活。5.Lby表示方式,引导方式状语。本句意为:洗碗机,洗衣机替代了原来人的工作。6.A空格处需要形容词修饰名词use,1widespread,“普遍的,广泛的”。本句意为:这些电器的普及就意味着需要检修工人去保证电器的正常工作。7.M空格处在动词不定式to之后,因此箱要动词原型,本句含义见上一句8.Egoup,“上升,上涨”。本句意为:随着工资的上涨,人们可能并不想要更多的食物或衣服。9.K空格处需要形容词作表语,“可获得的,可买到的”。本句意为:因此这些服务行业也提供了更多的就业机会。10.J空格处需要形容词修饰名词defense,internationa1,“国际的”。本句意为:大多数国家的政府在全球防御方面投入了巨额资金。第六章动词♦选择题1.C2.A3.C4.B5.A6.A7.D8.C9.B10.D11D12.D13.B14.A15.C16.B17.A18.A19.A20.A21.22.B23.A24.A25.B26.C27.A28.B29.C30.A31.A32.A33.B34.D35.D36.A37.A38.D39.A40.B.♦改错题1.gotawayit→gotitover代词it放在get与over中间。getover意为“从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来”。2.nottoaccept→notacceptingregret在分词表示后悔做某事。3.第二个are去掉本句为独立主格结构,j结构为:主语+分词+其他4.has去掉从时间状语threedaysago判断:本句时态为一般过去时。5.when→until.not与until搭配,意为“直到……才”。6.We后加had主句用haddone表示动作发生在从句之前,表示“过去的过去”。I7.missed→missingmiss意为**"失踪”,与主::语构成主动关系。从时间状语fortwodays可看出本句谓语表示从过去到现在持续的仍然进行的动作。8mustn’t→can’tcouldnothavedone意为“不可能发生的某件事情”。9.must→needneednothavedone意为“没必要做某事”。10.inclining→inclinedbeinclinedtosth.意为”习惯于做某事”。11.lied→laid为动词lay的过去分词laysth.upon意为“放置”。12.raised→roseraise是及物动词,后接宾语,不能用于此句。rise是不及物动词,后不需接宾语,用在此处意为“希望升起"。13.are→beItisessentialthat从句后应用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,8hould可以省略。14.had-+wouldhaveotherwise后接使用虚拟语气的从句。wouldhavedone表示与过去152 事实相反,意思是“本来可以做某事”.15.is—hasbeen动词leak与主语oil构成主动关系,而forsometime这个状语表明动作的持续进行,因此应用现在完成进行时。16.said后加to被动句中,作谓语的过去分词后跟动词作宾补要加上to。PassageAS1.Facing→Facedbefacedwith意为“面对”。S2.glamorize→glamorizing本句中过去分词nurtured意为“受某种环境因素影响”,而filmsandTV与glamorize构成主动关系。本句句意:电影和电视里对犯罪角色的美化,使他们迅速的模仿起这些反面的英雄们。S3.increased→increasingincreasingconcern指“越来越多的关注”。S4.dealin→dealwithdeal与with搭配,指“处理”。S5.hasplaced→hasbeenplaced句中placetheemphasison是固定搭配,指“以……为点”,所以此句应用被动语态。S6.do→bedonelittle与do之间构成被动。S7.terror→terrorize根据choose〖0如地.结构,本句要用terror的动词形式terrorize。S8.continuetake→continuetotakecontinue后接带to的不定式表示“做完一件事再完成其他事情”^S9.adopted→haveadopted本句中出现表示持续一段时间的状语forsolong,说明前面的部分要用完成时态。S10.disciplining→disciplineddisciplined意为“自制的、自律的”。PassageBS1.excited→exciting修饰job用exciting。S2.in→onaSaturdayevening指具体的某一天的晚上,前面介词要用on。S3.consider→consideredbe动词后面用过去分词表示被动语态。S4.invited→beinvited情态动词must后的被动语态结构为mustbedone。S5.five→four根据上下文内容,客人的名单应为四部分。S6.given->retumed本句提到应当回请曾经款待过自己的雇员或其他人士。S7.present→former本句提到那些应当从不遨请参加聚会的人,其中包括来宾的前夫或前妻以及商业竞争对手。S8.secondary→secondsecond与前文的first相对应,而secondary则与primary相对应。S9.might→shouldmight常表本可以做的事情或者可能发生的事情,Should表示应当做的或发生的事。IS10.choice→choose©句中to后面接动词。PassageCS1.decorated→decorative此处用decorative表示“人造花卉既可以用于科学目的又可.以用于装饰目的”。jS2.skillful→skillfully:,修饰谓语动词应用副词形式表示程度。本句意为:它们可以用各种各样的材料制成,臂如蜡和玻璃;其制作如此精巧,几乎可以以假乱真。S3.distinguish—distinguishedbedistinguishedS4.on→forcallfor意为“需要、要求”。S5.wide—widelywidely用来修饰known,表示广泛了解”。S6.beenrepresenting→representhavesth.do指“让或者使得……去做什么事情”。本句意为•.目的是要展现出在美国本土生长的每一个花的家族中至少一种花的样子。S7.completing→completed被动语态要用过去分词。S8.magnifying^magnifiedmagnifieddetails意为“放大的细节”。S9.accuratelyreproduced→isaccuratelyreproduced本句为被动句,所以过去分词前需加be动词的具体形式。S10.locking一^lockedlocked用来修饰case,指这些花的模型被保存在上锁的箱子里,因为他太容易碎和太有价值了。♦翻译题1hadhecomeback2.holdsnopromise3.impressedtheaudiencedeeply/madeadeepimpressionontheaudience152 4.wouldneverhavecomeoutof5.couldnothaveseen/found6.Guidedbythenewtheory7.daretreatmelikethatagain8.turntothegovernmentforthefundsthattheyneeded9.haveeitherbeencompletelyeliminatedorbroughtundercontrol10.Allhishardworkatlastpaidoff11.他访问了许多地方,到处受到热烈的欢迎12.不管那件事是安全的还是危险的,正确的还是错误的未必能无都会去冒险,体验生活所赋予的每一件事13.他们威胁着要开枪魔法城堡没法挡住游行者,手无寸铁的人们不断向前通近。14.经济学理论对有关农业生产,租金控制以及最低工资这类经济决策的彩响作出预测。15.版权是一种合法权利的体现,旨在保护创造性作品,防止该作品在未经允许的情况下被人复制、演出、展出或传播。♦完形填空1.C考查动词辨析。此处强调对面火车的快速、一闪而过,flash符合题意。2.B考查形容词辨析。根据前文的内容,空格处填入的词应指**当火车向相反方向行驶时”。3.B考查形容词辨析。与前文howrapidly意义相反,指当火车往相同方向行驶时,相反,乘客看对面火车好像处于静止状态。4.D考查词组辨析。onceinawhile意为“偶尔、有时”。5.A考查固定搭配so...that结构。6.C考查连词辨析。whatever用在与no,any连用的名词之后,意为“一点……都不,毫不”。本句句意为:一点都感觉不到任何后退的行为。7.C考查短语动词辨析。lookoutthewindow指“从火车上往外看”。8-A根据后面whichisatrest可推测本句应填which表示对比。9.D考查名词辨析。根据theyhadnowayof可推测此处也应填否定词,指“既不•…"也不……"9.haveeitherbeenbroughtundercentupletelyeliminated10.C考查名词辨析。situation与judge搭配,意为“判断情况”。10.Allhishardworkatlastpaidoff11.他访问了许多地方,到处受到热烈的欢迎。12.不管那件事是安全的还是危险的,正确的还是错误的,他们都会去冒险,体验生活所賦予的每一件事。13.他们威胁着要开枪,却没法挡住游行者,11.Alike用在此处为介词,表示举例。12.B考查词组辨析。句意为:牛顿察觉到了这些运动规律,故用“awareoT。.13.B考查副词辨析。本句本意为:在风和日丽的天气,水手可以在海上修面或喝汤,其舒适程度跟他的船静静地停在港口-样。14.A考查形容词辨析。unruffled指“水面等芊静的,无波浪的”;uneven“指不均衡的”;unstable不稳定”;uncertain“不确定。15.C考查逻辑关系。根据上下文逻辑含义,此处引导条件状语,选unless表示与前文相反的情况。16.D考查形容词辨析。根据unless引导的状语,可以判断此句大意:除非他在海面上非常仔细地观察,否则他不大可能知道他的船行驶地多快或者更确切地说船只是否在移动,因此impossible符合题意。17.B本句有if从句,所以主句开头不能用其他连词连接,只能用then表示“这个时候”〇18.C考查名词辨析。principle指物理学上的规则、规律。19.A考查介词辨析。among意为“在多个事物之中”。20.B考查动词与介词的搭配。move与forward搭配,意为“向前行进”。♦选词填空Sentence1.minimize考查词性转换。这里需要用minimal的动词形式minimize,意为“使……最小化”。2.havebeenquarreling考查时态。本句中有时间状语eversince,主句要用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去持续到现在。152 3.hasbeenexpecting考查时态。根据状语allnightlong,主句用现在完成进行时。本句句意为:她一整晚都在等一个长途电话。4.havebeenbusy考查时态。出现时间状语eversince本句要用现在完成进行时,表示动作从过去持续到现在。句意:圣诞节就要来临,我这几天一直很忙,要用现在完成时〇5.hadfinished考查时态。主句谓语动词用过去式,从句动作在主句动作之前发生,表示过去的过去,因此用haddone6.contributes考查时态。根据上下文,本句用一般现在时。7.enhance考查词形转换。will后用动词原形,enhancement的动词为enhance,意为“提高,,。8.assist考查词形转换。根据词组bedesignatedtodosth.,此处要用动词。assistant的动词为assist,意为“帮助”。9.Blamed考查分词的使用。当主句和从句主语一致时,从句的主语可以省略。blame与主语构成被动,因此此处用过去分词。10.haveIdreamed考查倒装结构。否定词never置于句首,句子要用部分倒装。根据句意“我从没相到能在这里遇见你”,本句用现在完成时表示从过去到现在已完成或有可能持续的动作。Passage[词性分类]名词:C)behavior孝现;G)personality个性、性格;I)err〇rs错误;K)function功能动词:E).accomplishes完成、取得成就;F)weakens减弱;J)dictate规定、指示;M)raises提升;N)hold持有、进行)形容词:A)annoying“令人烦恼的、讨厌的”;D)geared“适应的、调整的”;H)straighter“更直接的”:L)instinctively“本能地”副词:B)mentally“精神地”;O)instinctively“本能地”1.D根据空格前后的seem和toward,此处应填入一个形容词〇seemgearedtoward意为“似乎要适应……”2.Hand连接两个平行^词汇,因此这里也应填入与wider相对应的形容词比较级,straighter符合题意。3.L根据an与age,此处用形容词t由于前,文提到现代生活的快节奏的各个方面,在实用大学英语语法讲座与测试备选的形容词中,impatient适合。4.J从句主语we后应填人一个动词原形。根据上下文贪义,dictate正确。atapacewedictate意为“用我们规定的节奏”。5.0修饰动词knew用副词,因此instinctively(本能地)符合要求。6.B与句中physically相对应,用mentally。7.Fwhich引导的非限制性定语从句后要用动词,根据下文一系列表示对健康造成负面影响的词组,用weaken合适。weakentheimmunesystem意为“降低免疫力"。8.M与前文的动词词组为并列关系。raisebloodpressure意为“引起血压升髙”。9-I根据of判断空格处填在意义上与accidents相关联的名词,errors正确。10.A最后一句讲述保持良好耐心的好处。根据上下文的含义,annoying正确。本句大意:耐心能使人保持冷静和理性,在压力下清楚思考问M,从容应对别人的性感缺点和讨厌行为,甚至可能觉得这一切都是好玩的事情。第七章被动语态♦选择题1.C2.A3.B4.D5.C6.D7.D8.B9.C10.D11.B12.A13.B14.C15.B16.A17.C18.B19.A20.C21.D22.C23.D24D25.A26.C27.B28.C29.C30.B31.D32.B33.B34.A35.A36.D37.C38.B39.C40.D♦改错题1.so→neither本题and后的句子用了锢装结构,说明did前面用的是否定词。根据句意,此处应用neither表示“既不……也不……”2.increased前面加been本句中product痛与capacity构成被动关系,因此在increased前面加becr^3.hecares→doeshecare否定词never位于句首,用部分倒装结构,即把助动词提前。4.wasseen加to被动句中作谓语的过去分词后跟其他动词要加上too5.dosed前面加been本句中factory与closedown构成被动。6.offering→offered本句中she与offer构成被动关系。7.sendto→sendfor短语sendfordoctor意为“去看医生”8.made→madetomake,let,see等动词用在被动语态中加不定式to用来连接其他动词。152 9.youpay→youwillpayor引到结果状语从句,表示动作在主句之后发生,因此用or后用将来时。10.be→being短语beusedtodoing意为“习惯于做某事”。11.raise→beraised本句中pay与raise构成被动。12.understood→misunderstood根据文中的difficult,此处要用misunderstood表示“误解”13.by→for短语beknownfor意为“因而出名”14.increasing→increasedincreased意为“增强的％15.with→afterbepatternedafter意为“模仿,效仿”。16.havingbeenorbited→—^orbiting句中orbit意为“环绕(天体等)的轨道运行”与主语satellite构成主动关系,所以用的主动形式》17.Looking→Looked状语中的动词look与主句中的Bituation构成被动关系。■18.droppedon→droppedoff短语dropoff意为“逐渐减少”。PassageASI.started→starts本文是对一本书籍章节内容的介绍,用一般现在时。S2.covered→covering状语中的cover与主语charterone构成主动,故用现在分词作状语。S3.effects→affects谓语动词用affects表示“影响”,effects表示“效果”。S4.followed→arefollowed本句为被动语态,因此在过去分词前面要加be动词的适当形式。S5.normal→abnormal本句讲述了有关写作技巧的这一章节的内容,涵盖了技术写作的各方面问题。从mattera可以判断出这里列举写作中的种种问题,所以用abnormal符合题意。S6.performing→performswhich从句中动词follows后接逗号,由此判断此处应用表示并列关系的谓语动词,所以用performs。S7.use→beu8edthat从句后用被动语态,表示“可供读者使用的写作练习”。S8.handle→handling介词of后面用动词的现在分词。S9.rise→arise表示问题的产生应用arise。S10.recognized→recognizing用现在分词recognizing作状语,表示伴随。PassageBS1.refuse→resistresistthetemptation为习惯搭配,意为“抵挡诱惑”。S2.designing→designeddesignedto意为“为……而设计”S3.ask→demand表示需求应用demand。S4.want→wantscitizen为单数,因此定语从!句的谓语也要用单数。S5.unavailable→available根据句意,用available表示‘‘可以买到”S6.custom-building→custom-builtcustom-buil|t;意为“订做的”。S7.For→Onthebasis与on搭配,意为“以…为基础,’。58.exemplify→exeraplifiesindustry后谓语要用第三人称单数形式。♦翻译題1.characterizedbyvividnessandbrevity.2.wronglyinformed#•3.iscomposedof4willbecompleted5.isgoingtobeexamined6.Itispointedoutthat7.Stressmustbelaid8.arerequestedtoshowtheirtickets9.isexpectedto10.asfastastheyaregathered;whenevertheyareneeded11.关于这一方法的一个著名的例子早在古希腊时期就被阐述过了。12.据报道,2000年的固定资产投资总量髙达20亿元,比上年增加30%。13.我们需要付出巨大的努力,掌握并应用高新技术,开发新的名牌产品,以便能够贏得更大的市场份额。14.由这位著名教授最先概括的常用写作技巧已在数不淸的教科书中重印,大多数学生可能都在这些书中见过。15.大学存在的重要原因既不在于纯粹向学生传授知识,也不仅仅在于为教师提供研究的机会。152 ♦完形填空1.C考查语法结构。“with+名词+分词”复合结构表示动作和句子主语是主动关系。本句意为:在意大利人的生活中,家庭最重要,其次是教堂,排第三位的是咖啡馆。2.A考查逻辑关系。根据本句中的―06195%oftheItaliansareCatholic可以推断出主句部分是对这一数据的粗略估计。3.D考查动词辨析。本句意为:据粗略估计,将近95%的意大利人是天主教徒。a^ess意为“评估,对(财产等)估价”;appraised意为“估价”;evaluate意为‘估计价值,鉴定”;estimate意为“估计数量”。4.C考查短语辨析。occurtosb.意为“某人突然想起”5.D考查短语辨析。bebroughtupasbabiesinthechurch意为“从小在教堂里长大”。6.B考查动词辨析。stand意为“代表,作为”。本句大意:尽管许多大教堂是艺术的博物馆,但对意大利人来说,教堂更是—个避难所,一个精神上、宗教上也是身体上的避难所。7.Aaswell用在句末表示“也,同样地”。8.Daswellaa用在句中表示并列关系。9.B考查固定搭配intimeof...,表示“在处于困境的时候"。10.A考查逻辑关系。本句意为:也许,再没有人能象意大利人那样从教堂里得到的那么多,因为也没有人能象他们那样对教堂投人的那么多。11.C根据前半句中的as可以推断出这里填人的词也应该是助012.C考查短语搭配。putsth.into意为“投入*。13.A考查短语的搭配。本段讲述了意大利教堂对女性的影响力甚于对男性的影响力,而女性会坚持要求自己的孩子、丈夫恋人信仰天主教。根据上下文逻辑关系,选inturn符合题意,指“反过来”14.D考查动词短语的搭配。insistonsb.doing8th.意为“坚持要求某人做某事“15.A考查副词辨析。本句强调意大利教堂对意大利人生活的重大影响力,根据逻辑关系,用surely表示肯定意义16.C考查动词辨析。根据前一句的内容,本句指人们无法逃脱教堂的影响力的存在,所以用escape合适17.B考查语法结构。主语thespiresandthedomesofthechurches与remind构成主动,用现在分词形式表示伴随状语18.B考查固定搭配。本句中的remind和of搭配,指“提醒某人某事”19.A考查副词。本句意为:即使在所在城镇的市长是共产主义者,神父和主教依然被人们视为最重要的人物,still符合句意。yet用在否定句中;hardly表不否定,与句意不符;consequently表75因果关系。20.A考查名同辨析。figure指人物,符合题意。♦选词填空Sentence1.haven’tbeenmade考查完成时的被动语态。yet用于现在完成时的否定句中。2.was/is/willbeconsideredtobe考查被动语态。主语winningthefirstprize与consider构成被动关系,所以本题可以用过去时、现在时或将来时的被动语态。3.tobementioned考查不定式的被动语态。mention与subject在逻辑上构成被动关系,因此用tobedone结构。4.Beingasked考查分词的正确使用。Beingasked在此处做状语,表示动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动词同时发生。5.Frustrated考查过去分词用法。frustrate的主语也是主句中的he,所以用过去分词frustrated作状语,相当于时间状语从句whenhewasfrustrated,意为“当他很疲惫的时候”。6.becarried,stolen考查情态动词的被动语态。其结构为couldbedone。7.designated考查分词的使用。designate与time在意义上构成被动关系,所以用过去分词designated表示“指定的”。8.unknown考查被动语态。beunknowntosb.意为“为某人所不了解”。9-permitting考查独立主格结构。前后分句主语不同并且没有连接词,所以用独立主格结构表示原因。独立主格的构成方式为:名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词(短语)。本句中time与permit构成主动关系,因此用timepermitting,指“时间允许的话”。10.couldhavebeenavoided考查虚拟语气。从句用haddone结构表示与过去事实相反,所以主句中用couldhavedone。由于mistake和avoid构成被动关系,此处应填couldhavebeenavoidedPassage152 [词性分类]名词:E)medium媒介、方式;G)effects效果;I)alternative可选择的事物动词:A)determine决定;B)described描述(过去式/过去分词);D)drawn起草(过去式/过去分词);F)governed决定、指导、影响、管理(过去式/过去分词);H)traded交易、买卖(过去式/过去分词);J)achieve实现(目的)、取得(成就);L)allocated分配(过去式/过去分词);M)controlled控制(过去式/过去分词);N)consumed消费(过去式/过去分词);0)fixed安装(过去式/过去分j词)形容词:C)traditional传统的副词:K)Hence因此1.B本文第一句话提到了个人经济部门相;互作用的各种方式。本句描述了这些方1式的具体名称,所以bedescribedas符合题意。2.H前文提到了各种商品交易的方式。本"句所要表达的是“在物物交换的经济中像汽车、鞋子、披萨等真实货品都能相互交易",因此选traded(交易)3.K本题要选一个副词做状语,选项中只要hence符合题意,表示因果关系。4.Eamediumofexchange激为种交换.的方式”。5.I在an的后面要选择一原因发音为开头的名词单数形式,符合题意的选项只有alternative。本句意为“除了市场体制以外,还有由某些机构控制所有交易调节的行政管理法”6.N根据本句中的和exchanged可以判断此处也应用过去分词,表示并列结构。根据句意,选consumed,意为“生产、交易、消费每种商品和服务”。7.D此处为过去分词短语修饰主语plan,选drawn与up搭配,意为“由起草、拟定”。8.L连接并列结构。选allocated意为“分配”9.F本段介绍了传统的管理方法。根据题意,选governed,意义与前文出现的controlled一致。10.J固定搭配achievesuccess意为“取得成功"第八章非谓语动词♦选择题1.A2.B3.C4.C5.B6.D7.A8.A9.C10.B11.B12.B13.A14.C15.A16.D17.D18.D19.D21.D22.C23.A24.D25.B26.B27.B28.A29.A30.C31.C32.C33.C34.B35.D36.C37.B38.C39.C40.D改错题1.Knowingnot→Notknowing分词的否定形式应该是“not+分词”构成。2.seemed→seeming分词作状语,其表示的动作是主语的一部分,其逻辑主语与主句的主语一致,theoldcouple和seem之间是主动关系,所以现在用分词形式。3.tolook→tolookat是不及物动词,后面应加上介词at。4.like→lyingfindsb.Doingsth.(发现某人正在做某事)。5.Won→Winning分词作状语,主要是看主动还是被动,美国赢得胜利应该是主动,所以要将won改为winning。6.following→followed分词短语作伴随状态,themother和follow之间是被动关系,所以要将要将following改为followed。7.toharvest→harvesting及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将toharvestg改为harvesting。8.toknow→knowlet是使役动词,后面不需要to,C改为know。9.explanation→toexplainattempt是不及物动词,attempttodosth.试图/尝试做某事。10.beinsulted→tobeinsultedpermitsb.Todosth.允许/容许某人做某事,另外,herson和insult之间应该是被动关系,所以应改为tobeinsulted。11.benot→notbeingfor是介词,其后的动词应该用–ing形式,分词的否定形式应该是“not+分词”,所以应该改成notbeing。12.I→mymindsb.Doingsth.=mindsb"sdoingsth.介意某人做某事。13.looked→lookto不定式后应接动词原形。14.eat→eatingbeaccustomedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事。15.why→which带疑问词的不定式,由疑问词what,where,how,who,which等引导,本句句意识“我这不知道该选择哪一件”,相应的疑问句是which。16.wide→widen这里应该用动词形式,而wide是形容词,widen是动词,表示“放宽、扩展”,widenone’s152 horizon拓宽某人的眼界、tried→tryingstayupdoingsth.熬夜做某事。beunderstood→understoodmakeoneselfundeistood固定搭配,意为:将自己的意思表达淸楚。wait→waiting考査动名词作宾语。注意区分某些动词后接不定式与动名词的区别。Meantodosth.打算做某事,meandoingsth.意味着……,类似的用法还有:forgettodosth,forgetdoingsth,stoptodosth,stopdoingsth,remembertodosth,rememberdoingsth.等。typing→totype秘书问我在她离开之前是否有东西让她打印。根据句子结构,此处应该填不定式结构,不定式放在代词后面作定语,与其修饰的词之间是动宾关系。PassageAS1.on→by本句句意为:根据人们如何占用周围空间的方式来判断。显然ontheway应改为bytheway意为“按……方式”。S2.unaware→aware根据上下文(welll-manneredperson,suchpeopleneverbumpintootherpeople)可知这样的人走在街上,会注意到行人,不会撞到别人。beaware试意为“注意到,意识到”。S3.as→than分析句子结构可知这个句子是比较句型。上一行中出现了more,那本句的as就应该改成than。S4.it→which分析句子结构,可以看出这句话应该是一个非限定性定语从句,所以要把it改成which引导非限制性定语从句。S5.incountry前通常用介词in,而不是at。S6.hasn’t→hadn’t:整篇文章的时态均是过去时和过去完成时,在通过对句意的分析,可以看出这里应该用过去完成时。S7.American→Arab根据上下文可以得知这句话的意思应该是.•如果这位美国人对阿拉伯食品有所了解。所以应该将American改为Arab。S8.as→likeas用作介词时意思是:作为,like的意思则是:像,根据本行句意,很容易看出这里指的是:……在他眼里看上去像一块餐巾。S9.falls—fell根据全文所用时态,不难看出,这里应该用一般过去时。S10.删去ofsay为及物动词,后面不需要介词of。PassageBS1.include→including分析句子可知这里应该用现在分词短语作状语,所以应将include改为including。S2.compose→composedbecomposedof是固定搭配,意为“由……组成”,所以应将compose改为composed。S3.object→objects根据下文的举例可以看出这里的object应该是复数形式,所以应该将object改为objects。S4.or→and分析句子可知这里应该是both...and...搭配,所以将or改成and。S5.individual后加who根据下文的thepersonwhocan可知,这里应该是定语从句,修饰的是theindividual,所以在应can前面加关系代词who。S6.unfamiliar—familiar分析句子可知,这里指的是熟悉艺术、音乐、文学等的人,所以将unfamiliar改为familiar。S7.删去ofbecauseof后不能接句子,所以将becauseof改为because。S8.essentially→essential这里应该用形容词作表语,所以将essentially改为essential。S9.laugh→laughs这里的laugh和smiles并列,共同作这个定语从句的谓语,由于其先行词为单数,所以应该将laugh改成laughs。S10.by->withsupply通常的用法有:supplysb.Withsth.或者supplysth.Forsb.所以应该将suppliesyouby改成suppliesyouwith。PassageCS1.no→not分词的否定式:not+分词。S2.place→landplace是可数名词,作“地方”讲,而land意为“土地,田地”是不可数名词。S3.started→startstart应使用不定式,以和前面的find,build—致。S4.working→workwork应该用第三人称复数,和live—致。另外,family在这里作“家人”讲,是复数。S5.anyone→everyone这里是要用everyone指每个人,而不是要用anyone泛指。S6.删去but根据上下文的分析,可发现这里没有转折的含义,所以将but删去。152 S7.before→after根据上下文判断,这里要表达的是二战之后。S8.but→and根据语意,这里要表达的是递进关系,而不是转折关系。S9.it—they根据句意可看出it应指代的是thenewhouses,所以也相应的应该是复数形式,那么就要将it改为they。S10.house后加asregard…as作“把当作……”。♦翻译题1.Imeanttohavetelephonedmeantodosth.打算做某事,这里mean应该用过去时meant,前边说的是过去计划如何,但后面说事实上忘记做了,那与过去事实相反,所以用meanttohavedone。2.tohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime占用:takeup,另外time是不可数名词所以用much。3.movingtothecountrysideabout是介词,所以后面的动词要用-ing形式,搬到:moveto...。4.Seriouslyinjured分词作状语,Allen和injure之间是被动关系,所以用injured,修饰受伤的程度“严重地”:seriously,副词。5.changingtheTVchannelskeepdoingsth.表示“一直在做某事"6.sleepinginclassfindsb.doingsth•发现某人正在做某事。7.accompaniedbytwoyellow.dogs“陪伴":accompany,后半句表示一个伴随状态,其主语就是主句的主语“theblackdog”,主语和“accompany”之间是被动关系,所以翻译成:accompaniedbytwoyellowdogs。8.和她谈论这份文件的重要性是没有用的。9.看到被打碎了的窗户,那个男孩很不好意思。10.他说的话让这个小女孩哭了很久。11.政府规定本市老人有权免费乘坐公共汽车。12.为人父母,我知道比较容易的做法是不让孩子经历失败,而不是教他们如何面对因失败而产生的挫败感。♦选词填空Sentence1.being用作状语的therebe的形式通常用therebeing结构。2.standing现在分词词组作后置定语。3.takingmindsb"sdoingsth.=mindsb.doingsth.介意某人做某事。4.fallenthefallenleaves落叶,fallen作leaves的定语。5.taken时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,都是thelittlegirl,此时,when后的主语可省去,直接接分词,由于主语和take之间是被动关系,所以填taken。6.worked“with+名词+分词”组成的独立结构,作状语,表状态或原因,由anewtechnique和workout之间是被动关系,那么就应填人worked。7.holdingsuggestdoingsth.建议做某事。8.donehavesth.done这件事并不是自己动手来完成,而是交由别人来做。9.tolistenit’sapleasuretodosth.很荣幸/髙兴做某亊。10.tobreakso…asto:如此……以至于/如此……以致(表结果或目的)。Passage1.D根据对句子的分析,可以得知需找出一个形容词来修饰role,因此选择significant。2.M由空格后的介词短语fromillness推断出选recover。3.F空格前是anationwide,因此应该选择—个能与之搭配的名词,所以选effort。4.K空格前面是of,后面是art,因此应该选择能与art搭配,并修饰art的单词,所以选contemporary。5.H空格前是不定冠词,后面是名词hospital,因此选typical来修饰。6.E通过对句子的分析可以看出空格中应该一个名词,且可以和介词后面的hisownpaintings搭配。所以选exhibition。7.N空格前是sixyoung«tschool,能与之搭配的名词只有graces。8.I从句子结构来看,应该选择一个能做句子主语的单词,所以选quality。9.C通过对句子的分析,可以看出应选一个可数名词,并且要与介词短语ontoagarden搭配,所以选view。aviewontoagarden看得见花园。10.0根据句子的时态可以看出应该选一个动词的过去式,所以选compared。第九章虚拟语气152 ♦选择题1.D2.B3.D4.C5.B6.A7.C8.B9.D10.A11.B12.B13.C14.A15.D16.B17.D18.C19.D20.A21.B22.D23.D24.D25.C26.D27.B28.B29.A30.B31.A32.C33.D34.A35.A36.B37.B♦改错题1.will→did虚拟语气,wouldrather引导的从句中的谓语动词要求用过去时态,表示对现在或将来情况的建议。2.makes→(should)bemadeitis+形容词+that从句,desirable属于这一类的形容词,因此从句要用虚拟语气,即:+动词原形,should可省去,另外effort和make之间是被动关系,所以应改成:(should)bemade。3.hasbeen→was虚拟语气,“itistime…”引导的从句谓语动词常用过去式,听以改成was.4.am→were考査asif的用法,从旬表示夸大的比喻或从句所说的内容不可能发生,则用虚拟语气,所以将改成am改成were,注意不能写成was。5.werenot→hadnotbeen非真实条件句,与过去事实相反,条件句谓语动词的形式应该是haddone,根据句意,应改hadnotbeen。6.attended→hadattended.虚拟语气,这里wish针对的是过去发生的事情,所以从句谓语动词用过去完成时。7.togiveup→(should)giveup句子的关键在“suggest”,表示建议,所以从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。8.listens→(should)listenitis+形容词+that从句,从句要用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形。9.was→is从句中所说的内容很可能发生,这样的情况下是不需要用虚拟语气的,所以将was改成is。10.willstay→(should)stay表示“建议”时,that从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即:(should)+动词原形。11.have→had“ifonly”引导的感叹句,表本愿望,用过去是表示与现在相反亊实相反的愿望。12.is→werewish引导的宾语从句,此句表示对目前状况表示祝愿,that从句的谓语动词使用过去时或were(谓语动词是be时)。13.went→wouldhavegone含蓄条件句,这类句子通常不需要用if来引导,butfor“要不是”,此时从句要用虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,其谓语动词结构是:wouldhavedone。14.attended→(should)attend“giveorders”表示命令,tha从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即:(Should)+动词原形。15.willnotfail→wouldnothavefailed非真实条件句,与过去事实相反,主句的谓语动词形式应该是wouldhavedone。16.amtired→weretired非真实条件句,与现在事实相反,主语是:I,那么条件句的谓语动词相应的应该用“were”。17.was→(should)bepropose提议,此that从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气,即:(should)+动词原形。18.stay→stayed虚拟语气,wouldrather引导的从句中的谓语动词要求用过去时态,表示对现在或将来情况的建议。19.arenot→wouldn"tbe错综时间条件句,条件句讲的是过去的事情,主句讲的是现在的情况,所以主句应改成:“wouldbe”的结构。20.didn"tleave→wouldn"thaveleft虚拟语气,含蓄条件句,由副词otherwise(否则)来引导,所以应改成“wouldhavedone”的结构。PassageAS1.had→has由“now”可知时态不应该是过去时,所以应将had改成has。S2.directly→indirectly反义词误用。S3.into→onto/on介词错误,将into改为on或onto,才能与planet相搭配。S4.too→so“so…asto…”如此的……以至……。S5.planet→planets“其他的行星”应该用复数。S6.head→mind.keepinmind记住、牢记。S7.little→much反义词误用。根据上下文可知应该是:花这么多的钱,而money是不可数名词,所以用much。S8.Consider→Considering非谓语动词,动名词短语作状语。S9.删去they关系代词that指代的就是前面的themoneyandresources,在从句中作主语,不需要they,所以删去。S10.arriving→arrivingat(或reaching)arrive是不及物动词,其后应接介词at,或可将其直接改为及物动词reach。PassageB152 S1.newone→wnewone此处one代替上文的purpose,是可数名词,所以需要在其前面加一个不定冠词。S2.filling→filled分析句子结构,可以看出此处现在分词filling作定语从句中的谓语,不合句意,应该用过去分词filled,相当于whoarefilled。S3.Justasthough→justas分析句子结构,可以看出这里应该用表示“仿佛、好像”意义的连词,justas符合句意和语法结构,though是多余的词,应该将其去掉。S4.This→What这里应该为名词主语从句,this不能引导名词主语从句,所以将This改为What。S5.was→were这句话的主语是descriptions,根据语法要求,其谓语也应该用复数形式所以将was改成were。S6.dissimilar→similar根据下文出“thepoorcan"tillbenumberedinmillions”(仍然能看到数以百万计的穷人)可知19世纪的墨西哥和现在的墨西哥有很多相似之处,所以将dissimilar改成similar。S7.lies→lie/are分析句子结构,可知此处为倒装句,主语是twomyths,谓语要用复数形式,所以将lies改成lie/are。S8.that→which分析句子,可以看出此处是一个非限制性定语从句,英语中that不能引导非限定性定语从句,所以将that改为which。S9.it→them这句话中出现了指代错误,句中的it指的应该是immigrants,应用them来代替,从下文的对应词“them”来分析,也可知答案,所以将it为them。S10.late→later句中的late意思是“迟的,晚的",不合句意,应该改为later,afewgenerationslater“几代人后"符合句意。♦翻译题1.theparty(should)beheldnextWednesday“makeasuggestion”表建议,宾语从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气。2.everyone(should)buythebookrecommend后的宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟的。3.wecouldtrytosolvehisproblem省去if的非真实条件句,对将来的假设,条件句谓语动词形式:were+不定式,主句的谓语动词形式应为:情态动词过去式+动词原形。4.verychildhavethesameeducationalopportunitiesitis+形容词(essential)+that从句,that从句用虚拟语气,即:should+动词原形,should也可以省去。5.youcamenextweekend虚拟语气,wouldrather引导的从句中的谓语动词要求用过去时态,表示对现在或将来情况的建议。6.(should)besetfree“makeasuggestion”表建议,宾语从句谓语动词应用虚拟。7.coulddriveacar对将来发生的事佾的一种希望或祝愿,从句的谓语动词用could+动词原形。8.asifshehadaterriblesickness“似乎”可翻成:asif,那么就要注意asif的用法。虚拟语气,且这里针对的是现在事实,所以想象从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。9.Iftheyweretoattendthepartytomorrowevening虚拟语气,对将来条件的假设,这种假设在将来不太可能发生,所以条件从句的谓语动词应该用:were+动词不定式。10.youwouldhavemethim虚拟语气,与过去事实相反,所以主句的谓语动词用:wouldhavedone。11.他们要求参观者不要在车间里吸烟。12.他建议我们一路爬到山頂。13.坦率地说,我宁愿你现在对此什么都别说。14.这个男孩通过了期末考试,但是如果他再花点时间准备,成绩就会更好。15.如果当时陆海军密切配合的话,本能够使陆军司令注意到海军在12月7日没有进行远距离的侦察。♦选词填空Sentence"1.beganit’stime…是该……的时候了,其引导的从句中谓语动词常用过去式。2.startsuggest建议,其引导的从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。3.hadbeen对过去发生的事情的祝愿或抱歉、遗憾,从句谓语动词用过去完成式。4.hadn’tdelayed.非真实条件句,对过去事实的假设,条件句的谓语动词用过去完成式。5.shouldcome,对将来条件的假设,主句的谓语动词可用should+动词原形。6.haddone考査asif的用法,与过去亊实相反,从句的谓语动词用过去完成式。7.wouldnothavemissed非真实条件句,对过去发生亊情的假设,主句的谓语动词形式是:wouldhavedone。8.hadtaken;wouldnothavemade与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用havedone,主句的谓语动词用wouldhave152 done。9.shouldcomerequire要求,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即:“should)+动词原形。10.hadn’ttoldwouldrather+从句,是一个常用的虚拟语气句型,其引导从句的时候,that常省略,在谈到过去的动作时,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。Passage1.C空格前是介词,后面是一个从句,因此可以判断应该填人一个动名词,所以选determining2.O空格前是谓语动词,后面是形容词,故应该考虑选择-个副词,所以选exceptionally03.N从句子结构可看出应该填入一个修饰factors的词,所以选contributory。4.Fbreedingplaces是一个固定的名词词组,意为“孵化的场所”,所以选breeding。5.K根据句子结构可判断应选择一个谓语动词。结合句意选generalize。6.I根据句子结构可判断应选择一个形容词作表语。结合句意选apt。7.J根据句子结构可判断应选一个可以作表语的词,由于空格前是副词more,那么就应该选一个形容词.equable符合句意。8.L空格前是介词in,根据句意可判断应选一个名词,depth符合句意。9.M空格所填的单词应作句子的主语,而dwellers正好可以和空格前的名词mountain组成一个名词词组,且符合句意。10.E空格前是代词their,后面是名词drinking,应选一个合适的词来修饰它,habitual符合句意。第十章名词从句♦指出下列句子中名词从句所充当的成分1.作主语句中it为形式主语,划线部分为实质主语。2.作宾语句中it为形式宾语,划线部分为find的实质主语。3.作宾语划线部分为know的宾语。4.作同位语划线部分是news的同位语部分。5.作宾语划线部分是动词妃语putoff的宾语。6.作主语划线部分是句子的主语。7.作表语划线部分跟在联系动词后面,充当表语。8.作宾语补语9.作同位语划线部分是request的同位语部分。10.作表语划线部分跟在联系动词后面,充当表语。♦选择题1.D2.A3.B4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.A10.D11.B12.C13.A14.D15.A16.B17.C18.B19.C20.D21.A22.A23.B24.D25.D26.C27.B28.D29.D30.B31.A32.D33.D34.B35.B36.C37.B38.C39.A40.C♦改错题1.what→that后面的句子结构和意义完整,只许用that来引导宾语从句。2.删去doeswhen引导的从句中使用陈述句语序3.decide→decidewhethercan’tdecide后面的宾语从句意义应为“是否接受工作”。4.will→would主句时态为过去时,从句中受到影响,谓语动词用过去将来时。5.will→shouldrecommend引导的宾语从句中谓语动词使用虚拟语气。6.don’t→shouldn’t同5。7.what→thatthat引导同位语从句,对先行词news进行解释。8.shouldthey→theyshould宾语从句中使用陈述句语序。9.删去ofbecause引导从句,becauseof后面跟名词或名词性短语。10.will→would同4。11have→had同4。12.itbelieves→itisbelieved此处被动态形式表示“人们相信”。13.it→thatthat引导一个完整的句子形成宾语从句。152 14.if→that同13。15.was→wasthatthat引导表语从句,表本suggestion的内容。16.so→that同13。17.about→thatthat引导同位语从句,对先行词fact进行解释。18.willthetradefair→thetradefairwill主语从句中使用陈述句语序。19.the→Thatthe陈述语气的主语从句需要用that引导。20.If—Whether主语从句中放在句首的whether能用if来替代。♦翻译题1.thatthegovernmentpaysforchildcareforallchildren句中已给出it作形式宾语,实质宾语用that引导的从句表示。2.doyouthinkit"sOKforparentstohitthem翻译的部分是句子的主句,疑问句用倒装,主句包括一个宾语从句,从句中使用陈述句语序。3.she(should)readtoherkidseverydaysuggest引导的宾语从句中谓语使用虚拟语气shoulddo的结构,其中should可以省略,保留动词原形形式。4.you(should)exerciseregularlyItisimportant结构,实质主语从句中谓语用虚拟语气。5.howmuchtrainingtheywouldhaveperweek翻译部分是wonder的宾语从句,从句中用陈述句语序。6.Thenewsthatmorethan20thousandpeoplelosttheirlivesintheearthquake句中已给出主句的谓语,翻译部分是主语,采用从句形式。先行词是news,后接同位语从句进行解释。7.thatIwillmeetmysupervisorthisafternoonthat引导表语从句。8.Whateveryousaywhatever引导主语从句,使用陈述句语序。9.whethersheshouldworkorstayathomewithherchildrenwhether引导宾语从句,作为decide的宾语,且从句中使用正常语序。10.Iconsideritimportantconsidersth.important的结构表示“认为……重要”,此句中sth较长,因此用it作形式宾语紧跟consider,而用that引导真正的宾语。11.这张纸上所写必东西需要牢记What引导的主语从句可以翻译成“……的东西/内容"。12.“知识就是力量”是我们都知道的一句名言isafamoussayingknowntoall是此句的谓语部分,前面是主语,用主语从句表示。13.Whyheaskedsuchasilly(questionintheclassisamystery.原句中“他为什么在课堂上问这样一个愚蠢的问题”充当句子的主语,以why引导的主语从句,其中的谓语以正常语序。14.Theordercamethatpartofourtroopsshouldbesentoutimmediatelytoattacktheenemy.;that引导的从句充当同位语部分,解释名词order,由于同位语从句较长,谓语部分仅一个单词came,因此将从句放在谓语的后面。15.海伦•嘉琳思凯是家庭与工作研究院的一名专家,她说,上班族妈妈们总是对他们的孩子做出自己的假想,而从不问问孩子们的想法。因此嘉琳思凯采访了有上班族妈妈1000个孩子,想要弄淸楚他们到底要什么。她问他们是否希望他们的妈妈呆在家里。令人惊讶的是,参与调査的孩子中仅10%说他们愿意多和母亲待在一起。但是,这些孩子说他们想要父母给予他们更多的关注。他们说父母们总是匆匆忙忙,赶来赶去。嘉琳思凯问孩子们最想要什么,大多的孩子说他们想感觉到自己很重要,被人关爱。此题中翮译的均为宾语从句。16.LastweekIhadaconversationwithmybestfriendabouthavingchildren.ItoldherthatIdidn’twanttohavechildren.(that引导的从句充当told的宾语补足语)SheaskedmewhyIwasagainsthavingkids.(宾语从句,注意谓语用陈述句语序,并受主句影响,使用过去式)1toldherthatgettingpregnantwouldchangeouroriginallifepaceandthatbabieswouldtakeuptoomuchtimeandenergy.(that引导told的宾语补足语,第二个从句的关系代词that不能省略)Mybestfriendsaidtomethatshelovedbabiesandthatshewantedtohaveababyofherown(宾语从句),becauseshebelievedthatchildrenarelikelubricantbetweenthecouple.(宾语从句)。♦ClozeTaskA1.itdoes针对前一句话,按照从句中使用陈述句语序的原则。2.itis同1。3.Ishouldwriteabout根据下一句的建议,得知此句中应表述“我不知道该写什么话题/选择什么话题”。4.hedied同1。152 5.whetherhedied按照句意.此处表达“我记不清他是在1998年还是1999年去世的”,用whether...or的句式。6.Icanuseacomputer根据A的下一句回答可判断此处句意。7.Ishoulduse同6。8.itopens同6。9.if/whetherIhavetimeB询问可否10点在图书馆见面,A回答“我不确定是否有时间”10.iflwillbefinished句意为“我不知道到10点能否结束”。TaskBPassageA1.C2.A3.A4.D5.C6.B7.A8.A9.D10.CPassageB1.B2.A3.D4.A5.C6.B7.D8.C9.A10.A11.B12.D13.D14.C15.A16.A17.C18.C19.D20.B♦BankedCloze1.L短语lookforsth.。2.M结构同上一个句子,用的是倒装句形式。3.A4.0此处应填形容词,表示戒指的属性或特点。只有valuable合适。5.E按照上文内容,此句应该是John的邻居所说。6.B此短语在文章首句出现过,onone"shandsandknees表示跪在地上。7.K按照句意和常识,寻找东西的时候问“你还记得你在哪里丢的东西嘛?”,此处对地点提问。8.IJohn回答丢失的地点,按照下文提示。9.Cinside等同in。10.D根据后一句,在外面有光,那么里面一定很暗。第十一章定语从句♦选择题1.B2.D3.D4.A5.D6.A7.C8.C9.B10.B11.C12.B13.D14.A15.A16.C17.B18.D19.A20.D21.C22.B23.B24.A25.D26.D27.A28.A29.C30.B31.C32.A33.B34.A35.D36.B37.B38.A39.A40.C♦改错趣1.where→whichwhich在定语从句中充当主语,代指先行词theshoppingcenter。2.who→whom关系代词前面有介词of,因此需要用宾格whom而不是who。.3.there→where逗号前面主谓结构完整,是主句部分,逗号后面餺要用从句形式,where引导从句修饰前面的地点名词adaycarecenter4.where→which定语从句修饰前面的地点名词Chan’srestaurant,在从句中作主语,用关系代词which。5.which→thatall后面的关系代词用that,不用which。6.which→whose关系代词whose表示“……(A/物)的”,此处要表示盒子的顔色是红白色,因此用关系代词whose。7.is→am定语从句修饰主语I,谓语动词am。8.删去“it”heasked作定语从句,定语从句中省略掉的关系代词that或者which作从句中的宾语,代指主句主语thelastquestion。9.which→inwhich句意为“那些成功的聋人舞蹈家们认为跳舞是一种视觉比听觉更为重要的表演活动”。inwhich在从句中作状语,代指indancing。10.删去“who”或在“who”后面加“were”可以使用完整的定语从句“whowereplayingfootball,或者去掉关系代词和be动词,即保留“playingfootball1”。11.them→which逗号前面是主句,逗号后面用从句,先行词是books,关系代词使甩which。12.that→who先行词中是由this,that,these,those引导的名词,后面的定语从句中使用关系代词which(指代物)或者who(指代人),不用that。13.speaks→speaking或在“speaks”前加“whospeakingontheplatform”是定语从句whoisspeakingontheplatform的缩略形式^14.it→which逗号后面加非限定性定语从句,关系代词用which,指代前面整个句子。152 15.which→whosewhose指代myfather’s,后面加名词suggestion。16.that→who此句中先行词是人称代词be,用who引导限定性从句,此处先行词属于泛指意义,表示此类人。句意为“怕吃败仗的人注定失败”。17.删去“which”关系which在从句中作主语,代指walls,从句谓语需要被被动态,即arepainted的形式。关系代词which和be动词可以省略。18.which→who先行词是thedoctor,非限定性定语从句中关系代词用who。19.Which→Aswhich和as都可以引导非限定性定语从句,as引导的可以放在主句前面,which只能引导从句放在主句后面。20.whom→who关系代词who引导从句修饰aperson,作从句的主语,关系代词用主格。♦翻译题1.Thestudentswhositnearthedoor2.themid-termtestwasheld3.whosepronunciationisclear4.wheremoderncomputersareequipped5.(that/which)weareusing6.whichislocatedintheeastofNanjing7.Asistrueeverywhereintheworld8.whichIfoundquitestrange9.withwhosehelp10.thefirstfourofwhich11.whenitisneitherhotnorcoldhere12.towhomIcomplainedaboutthebadservice13.TheEnglishthatisspokenintheU.S.isdifferentfromBritishEnglish.14.ThegirlwithwhomIlearnplayingthepianocomesfromCanada.15.网络是不久之前被引进的,它已经改变了很多公司做生意的方法。16.我永远不会忘记我收到大学录取通知书的那天。17.大约七百万美国孩子放学后缺乏成人的监管而独自在家。他们常常收看自己想看的电视节目。担心孩子们如何使用电视媒体的家长可以对此加以控制。V芯片,被安装在2000年1月以后生产的电视机中,它使得家长可以对孩子们收看的节目加以控制。所有13英寸以上的电视机都必须装有V芯片。18.Childrenarealwaysveryhappyonthedaywhentheschoolyearendsandsummervacationbegins.Theythinkaboutalltheplansthattheyhaveforthesummer.Somekidsgotoasummercampwhichisheldinthecountry.Somegotravellinginfamousscenicspots,wheretheycanenjoytheattractivesceneryandrelaxthemselves.WhilesomeothersjuststayathomewatchingTV,whichisbelievedtobeanunhealthywayoflife.♦完形填空TaskA1.(that/which)Iate限定性定语从句修饰先行词food,关系代可用出at或名which,在从句中作宾语,因此也可以备略。2.(who/that)Imet限足性定语从句修饰先行词travelers,关系代词可用that或者who,在从句中作宾语,因此也可以省略3.(who/that)Iwastravellingwith同2。4.(that/which)she/heisinterestedin同1。5.(that/which)Iaminterestedin同16.that/whichweresold限定性定从句修饰先行词souvenirs,关系代词可用that或者which,在从句中作主语,因此不可以省略。7.(that/which)theyspeak同1。8.(that/which)Ispent同1。9.(that/which)Ihadbought同l。10.(that/which)Itake同1。152 TaskBPassageA1．A定语从句修饰先行词people,关系代同whose在从句中充当定语,修饰后面的名词letters。2．D原理同1。5584-3183.B固定搭配,compareto意为“与……相比”。4.Dthat引导定语从句修饰名词quickcommunication,意为“电子邮件为我们带来的快速沟通。5.A按照句意,when引导时间状语从句。6.D本段介绍的就是即时消息工具。7.C发送和接受即时消息就像与朋友在说话一样。8.A分号以后的句子意为“许多人使用缩写,省略标点符号和大写宇母。他们只写首先想到的内容,点击,发送”。由这些内容可以看出,使用电子邮件和即时消息的人,不大思考“如何”去写。9.C定语从句修饰thefirstthing。10.Ayearslater意为“多年以后”。PassageB1.C空格前有逗号,定语从句中如使用关系代词的话只能用which,且与从句中的谓语动词是被动关系,即完整形式应为“whichwasbuilt”,其中关系代词which和be动词可以省略,剩下built。2.Binvestigate意为“调査,研究”。前文讲到电脑不工作,因此科学家进人电脑内部调査原因。3.C短语stopsth/sbfromdoing,此处意为“使得电脑无法正常工作”。4.Apreserve意为“保存,保留”。5.A此处用othere,复数形式表示languages。6.B定语从句中的关系代词和be动词被省略,剩下invented作后置定语修饰名词words。7.Dwho引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词everyone。8.D关系副词where引导定语从句修饰前面表示地点的名词theplace,在从句中充当状语。9.Cthat引导同位语从句。10.A以下是对“tech-speak”的举例。11.Dconcernaboutsth.,句意为“随着个人电脑的普及,人们对黑客行为越来越关注”。12.A黑客即是攻击别人电脑系统的人,逗号后面定语从句解释说明hacker。13.B固定短语beresponsiblefor,意为“对……负责”,句意为“黑客们还要对电脑病毒的传播负责”。14.B短语intheway,“以……的方式”,确定了介词in之后,后面的关系代词只能用which。15.C固定短语facialexpressions意为“面部表情”。16.A空格后面结构完整,是个宾语从句,作动词show的宾语,that引导宾语从句。17.Ameetinperson,意为“见面”,与前面提到的电子邮件是两种完全不同的沟通方式。18.B此处的结构表示“在某段时间内发生了……”。句意为“在近几十年里,通讯公司将更多的科技带人了我们的日常生活”。19.Dit作形式主语,实质主语是that引导的从句。句意是“科技类语言成为英语中越来越重要的一部分,这也就不足为奇了。20.Cusedby是定语从句whichwasusedby的缩略形式。◆选词填空1.K前面有不定冠词a,后面有介词for,此处填写单数名词。Haveapassionforsth.的意思是“对……有激情/强烈的喜爱”。2..Elookuponsb.意为“看待某人”,此处用被动态。3.C此句是对人们喜欢登山的原因的疑问,and后面加的名词何前面的名词cold并列,表示人们在登山过程中遭受的一些不好的东西。Hardship意为“艰难,困苦”。4.M前面有动词take,此处填名词。Takerisksinsth.,意为“冒险”。5.H此处前面有主句,后面有定语从句,但从句中缺少介词,因此此处应为介词的前置。giveleisuretosth.,意为“将空余时间花在……上”。6.Nsuchas的结构用于举例。7.L前面一句提到登山活动中没有类似高尔夫或足球中的人们制定的规则,此处中的however152 转折,表示登山中—定还是有某种规则的。which引导定语从句,修饰rules。8.Jignore意为“忽略,忽视”。9.G此句中arefreeto是句子的谓语部分,whoclimdmountains是作定语从句修饰空格处的名词,共同构成主语。Thosewho的结构表示“……的那些人”。10.A关系代词which前面有介词on,因此从句中的谓语动词一定能与介词on搭配使用,另外此动词在情态动词may的后面,用动词原形。第十二章状语从句◆选择题1.A2.C3.B4.A5.C6.C7.C8.B9.D10.A11.B12.D13.A14.C15.A16.A17.C18.D19.C20.B21.D22.B23.C24.D25.A26.C27.B28.C29.D30.B31.A32.B33.D34.C35.A36.A37.A38.D39.B40.D◆改错题1.because→justas/but原句意为“因为我活着,所以他死了。”前后这两个分句间(一般来说)不存在因果关系,用because不合适,改为justas引导比较状语从句,表示“就像”;或用but引导转折关系的状语从句。2.if→asifif引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,原句句意不通。改为asif,表示“好像”,该句意为“他谈话的样子好像对它非常了解。”3.sofar→aslongassotar表本“到目前为止”,一般接完成式havedone,用在此处则原句句意不通。改为aslongas表示“只要”,引导条件状语从句,该句意为“只要我做好工作,老板不介意我几点到办公室。”4.fornow→nowthafornow表示“就目前情况(来说)”,原句句意不通。改为nowthat,表示“既然”,引导让步状语从句,该句意为“既然我们谈到这个问題,我得告诉你实情。”5.abouttheplacewhere→ofwherebeaware后接of表示“意识到、知道”。原句欲表达“参加聚会的人们开始担心布莱尔了,因为没人知道她去哪了”,所以beawareof后接的宾语应是whereshehadgone。6.as→whenas引导时间状语从句,表示“―边……一边……”,而该分句“电话铃声响了”应是突然发生,改为when表示“这时”。7.Before→thatItwasnotuntil...that(接从句)……是固定的强调句式,表示“直到……才……”。8.Then→thanNosooner...than...是固定句式,表示“一……就……”。9.If→unless原句意为“她担心如果火车提速,她将失去……”,而应为“如果不提速”,if改为unless就含有否定的意义了。10.asthuugh→though/although表示“好像”,原句意为“经理承担了事故责任,好像并不真是他的错误。”改后意为“经理承担了事故责任,尽管不是他犯的错。”11.nowthat→thatnowthat引导原因状语从句,可译为“既然”。改为that关系连词,引导表语从句thathehasaflexibleattitude,意为“他能很快适应新环境的原因是他有灵活的态度。”12.therefore→howevertherefore引导结果状语从句,表示“所以”,原句意为“早期的打宇员打信件既快且工整,所以打字员看不到自己在打字机上打的材料。”可以看出分号前后两句并不是因果关系,改为however引导转折状语从句,表示“然而”,则题目意为“早期的打字员打信件既快且工整,然而打字员看不到自己在打字机上打的材料。”13.nevertheless→sincenevertheless引导转折状语从句,表示“然而”,原句意为“钥匙永远都不应被藏在房子附近,然而贼们总是知道哪能找到钥匙。”可以看出逗号前后并不是转折关系,而是“结果一原因”,强调的重点是逗号前的部分,所以改为since。14.when→ifif引导条件状语从句,接在doyoumind后表示“你是否介意……？”原句中while表示“正值什么时候”前句的动作发生,用在此处正确。原句when改为if后意为“你是否介意你沏茶时我将工作干完？”15.inlinewith→incaseofinlinewith表示“与……一致”,用在此处显然不合适,改为incaseof“以免”后,句意为“我今早比平时早出门上班,免得遇上交通堵塞。”16.which→where改为where引导定语从句,先行词是island,定语从句的主语是theserarebirds,谓语是nest(“筑巢”,不及物动词,所以不接宾语),where在定语从句中作地点状语。原句用which作关系代词,而该定语从句不缺主语,而动词nest不及物动词不能接宾语,所以which不符合语法规则。17.but→asso...as...用于含否定词的同级比较的句中,题目意为“人口增长的主要原因并不是出生率上升,而是应为医疗条件的提髙使得死亡率下降”。152 18.nomatterhow→nomatterwhat原句中nomatterhow表示“不管怎么(加形容词或副词)”,改为nomatterwhat表示“不管做什么”,则题目意为“城中有好多所夜校,不管你的工作是什么都能找到合适的课程接受继续教育。”19.so→however第一句意为“对于电视机们人们意见有分歧。”so前一句意为“电视节目太差,广告太无聊。”so后一句意为“无疑电视对于许多孤独的人和老人来说是种安慰。”这两句分别说电视机的利弊,有转折的意思,所以把so改为however。20.however→thus,thereforeHowever前后两部分不是转折关系,而是因果关系,“学生”与教师的比率不高,因此每个学生都能得到很好的关注。改为thus或therefore,引导结果状语从句.PassageAS1.so后加that英语中because与so不同时在一个表示原因与结果的复合句中出现,而题目中该句中已经用了because,所以不能再用so,改为sothat“以至于……”引导结果状语从句。S2.failure→failhavetherighttodo表示“有权利做某事”,原句名词failure改为动词fail。S3.out→fromshield...from...表示“保护某人”,该部分意为“保护孩子,不让他们知道失败了”。S4.if→eventhoughEventhough意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句,题目改后句意为“一个母亲用‘完美’来描述孩子匆忙中做的桌子,即使事实上桌子做得很拙劣而且不稳。”S5.are→is主语是thetrouble,对应的谓语动词应是单数第三人称,所以are改为is。S6.with→forbeunpreparedfor...表示“没有为……做好准备”。S7.impossible→possible改后itispossibletoenjoyagameevenwhenyoudon’twin意为“即使不赢比赛也能享受比赛的乐趣。”S8.does→is原句中使用了invited,从句意判断应是被动语态,则助动词does改为系动词is。S9.And→But改为but引导的句子与前面句子意义上有转折关系。“一个孩子若没被邀请参加一次生日聚会或是没有得到荣誉或是没有加入棒球队,当然感觉很坏。但是家长不应该马上给奖励去安慰孩子,或是说‘没关系,这不重要’,因为‘实际上这确实重要’。”PassageBS1.taught后加inIhavetaughtin构成定语从句,修饰先行词school,关系代词由于在定于从句中作in的宾语所以可以省略。S2.important→unimportant改后该句意为“我所执教过的学校从未有一所忽视拼写或认为它是一项不重要的基本技能。”此句用叙述者自身经历反驳了第一句陈述的一个当下流行的观念:学校已经不注重拼写了。S3.written→writingwritingability表示“写作能力”。S4.what→howhowtoencourageachildtoexpressfreely表示“怎样鼓励孩子自由地表达”。而原句用了what,what要在引导的名词性从句中充当宾语或主语,原句encourage的宾语是achild,而express在这里不需要接宾语,所以不能用what。S5.like→likelybelikelytodo表示“有可能做某事”。S6.with→withinwithin与range搭配,该句意为“他会更倾向于使用他掌握的词汇,而选择避免语言上的探险。”S7.because→why该句陈述了上一句的结果而不是原因,改后意为“这就是为什么教师们经常鼓励孩子早些使用词典……”。S8.shocking→shocked改后表示“我感到震惊……”。S9.at→onreflection表示“(对……的)反映时,后接onsth.。S10.that→which逗号后是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词essay,所以that改为which。PassageCS1.initiallyintroducing→it’sinitiallyintroducedWhen引导的状语从句的主语(应为anewinnovation,可用it指代)与主句主语(theprocessofadoption)不—致,所以应修改从句并补充从句的主语。S2.aslongas→whereWhere引导分句构成非限制性定语从句,句意为“第二阶段发展迅速,在这一阶段创新产品迅速被很多人采用。”aslongas表示“只有”,引导条件从句,用在这里不合适。S3.was→is整篇文章足说明文,主要使用现在时,该分句应与主句时态一致,用现在时。S4.as后的if去掉asif表示“好像”引导比较状语从句;而此分句是时间状语从句,as表示“随着”,改后句意为“第三阶段中,创新产品的传播速度随着其在经济生活中的应用而减缓下来”。S5.service后添加ittoservice是动词不定式,service作动词使用时是及物动词,要后接宾语,这里可译为“提供给……使用”,其宾语是逗号前的thenewproductorinnovation,这里用it指代即可。152 S6.boom后添加wasbeaccompaniedby...这个被动语态的结构可表示“与……同时存在”。S7.been→behavetodo表不“不得不做某事”,do是指用动词原形,been的原形为be。S8.it→them这里代词them指代逗号前的garages(复数形式),所以it改为them。S9.requested→requiredrequest表示“(口头或书面)请求、要求”;require表示“有赖于某人或某事物;需要”。此句意为“电力系统的建设需要早期在电力的生产和配送能力方面的大量的投资”。S10.what→that此句是定语从句,what只引导名词性从句,改为that引导定语从句修饰先行词abuyingspree,意为“这种狂热的购买行为很快将收音机带人了千家万户,到1930有一半的美国家庭有收音机,而在1924年这个数字接近0。”◆翻译砸1.Althoughhewasfacedwithmanydifficulties2.it’simpossibletoincreaseoutput3.Ifshehadtakenataxiyesterday4.whateverproblemswemaycomeacross5.youpayinadvance6.Assoonastherainstops7.thatshecouldnotmoveaninch8.ifthecompanywouldsatisfytheirdemands9.Hewasnotadmittedtotheclub10.ThoughraisedinLosAngeles11.这位售货员对顾客很坦诚。如果货物质量不好,他就把情况告诉顾客。12.如果做蛋糕,配料一是面粉,二是糖。13.我们原谅了他发脾气,因为我们知道他的儿子生病让他承受了很大的压力。14.如果不是英语考试,上周日我就去听音乐会了。15.看起来好像你在俱乐部的所有时间就只用来弹钢琴了。16.假如我去看心理专家、作检査,我会感觉好些么？17.我拿了包走出去,博物馆那儿停了很多出租车,在那儿我打了一辆车。18.直到我们从公园出来走上第五大街他也没有再说什么。19.走出南京站我做的第一件事就是走进电话亭。20.埃及人在将死去的人包裹起来时使用了不为人知的辅料,以至于尸体能历经几个世纪不腐烂。◆选词填空1.wouldhavesaved从逗号前的分句可看出此句为if引导的虚拟条件句,分句用haddone对过去的情况进行假设,主句对现在的情况虚拟,则对应使用wouldhavedone的形式。句意为“如果他听从了律师的意见,他可能省去很多麻烦。”可参考“第九章虚拟语气”。2.inexperienced句意为“虽然她完全没有经验,仍被选上作这份工作。”inexperienced意思为“无经验的”。3.hadnotmade同第1题,该句用了if引导的虚拟条件句。句意为“如果我们没有做充分的准备,这次会议可能不会如此成功。”4.respectfulbe后应为respect对应的形容词respectful,“恭敬的,表示尊敬的或尊重的”。5.couldtravel全句为过去时,could表示“能、可以”,句意为“Maria故意错过了第一辆火车以便能与Michael乘间—辆火车。”6.crashing使用现在分词短语表示主动意味动作。7.costly该句为比较句(than),所以系动词are后less应修饰形容词costly(昂贵的;费钱的),句意为“大部分旅店比同等标准的酒店便宜,虽然它们提供的服务也很好。”8.hadappliedapply“申请”这一动作发生在1didnotgetthepost“(得知)自己没得到这个职位之前”,前面用了did,所以apply改用过去完成时hadapplied。9.wouldn"thavebitten同第1题。句意为“如果男孩不招惹狗,他就不会被咬。”10.couldn’tmakeoutcouldn’t表示“不能”,主句用了were,从句与主句时态一致使用过去时,句意为“他们(离我)太远,以至于我看不清他们的脸。”Passage152 本文讲述了“地球日”的发起、发展和影响,以及参与“地球日”的意义是旨在提高人们对环境问题的重视,鼓励人们积极行动起来保护环境。选项的语法功能分析:A.suffering“遭受痛苦”,动名词、现在分词、构成现在进行时。B.Possessions“财产”,名词(复数)。C.As用于句首,(连词)“随着”;(介词)“作为”。D.sustainable“可持续的”,形容词。E.When用于句首,引导状语从句。F.launched“发起(活动)、发射",过去式、过去分词、构成被动语态。G.ranging“(表示范围)在某个区间内变化",现在分词,动名词,构成现在进行时。H.concerns“关注、关心;焦急、焦虑;与……有关”,名词(复数)、动词。I.transmitted“传输、传送”,过去式、过去分词、构成被动语态。J.species"物种、种类”,名词(复数)。K.saw“看见”,动词过去式。L.at介词M.productivity“生产力”,名词(不可数)。N.action“动作”,名词(不可数或可数名词单数行式)。O.creatures“生物”,名词(复数)。1.Hinresponseto“对……作出回应、响应”,to是介词,其后应接名词(短语)。growing此处为形容词,意为“增加的、提高的”,修饰空格处的名词,选择H.concerns意为“对于环境危机问题日渐忧虑”。2.Ntake后接宾语,所以空格处应为名词、代词、动名词等。takeaction意为“采取行动”。3.A系动词is后的空格处可能是单数的名词、代词,或形容词、副词,构成系表结构;可能是现在分词或过去分词,构成现在进行时或被动语态。根据上下文语境选择A.suffering,该句意为“但是我们的地球正在遭受更多的磨难”。4.J介词of后的空格处应为名词或代词,作of的宾语,选择J.species,theextinctionofspecies意为“物种的灭绝”。5.C空格处位于句首,后接名词短语作宾语或表语,可能构成介宾短语或分词结构,根据上下文选择C.As.该句意为“作为环境灾难的制造者同时也是受害者,人类是解决环壤问题的关键。”6.K该句中无谓语,所以空格处应是动词或系动词。主语是表示时间的April22nd1970,选择saw作谓语,意为“在1970年4月22日举行了人类历史上的第—次大规模的公共环境运动。”表示时间的短语(或单词)+see的适当形式+宾语”这一结构可表示“在某个时间发生了某亊”。7.F空格处位于系动词was和介词by中间,很有可能是过去分词来构成被动语态。选择f.launched,该句意为“此次活动由议员GaylordNelson发起。”8.L空格处后接名词levels(级别、水平),介词at与leve搭配,atalllevels意为“在不同的级别上”。9.G格所在的分句主语eachyear,谓语动词features,宾语atheme,空格后接from...to...,所以空格处可能为非谓语动词(分词),选择G.ranging,该分句意为“每年选择一个主题,从节约能源到可持续发展”。10.D空格处为形容词修饰名词development,选择D.sustainablesustainabledevelopment意为“可持续发展”。第十三章倒装句◆选择题1.D2.A3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.B9.B10.D11.A12.B13.C14.C15.C16.B17.D18.A19.B20.A21.A22.B23.A24.A25.D26.B27.A28.A29.C30.D31.C32.C33.C34.A35.B36.B37.C38.B39.A40.D◆改错题1.didthegirlinwhitesit→satthegirlinwhite表示地点的状语aheadofme置于句首时句子全部倒装,所以句中的动词sit(过去式)提前至主语thegirlinwhite前,即Aheadofmesatthegirlinwhite.2.nowhere后加can,find紧跟主语you后否定副词nowhere置于句首时,句子要部分倒装,所以相应的情态动词can置于主语前,谓语动词find位于主语后。3.themother前加didnotuntil引导的有否定含义的分句位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,所以把主语themother对应的助动词did(根据前面分句判断使用过去式)置于主语themother前。4.does→is,permit→permittedAtnotime152 含有否定意义的状语置于句首时句子部分倒装,原句除了该状语外,其余部分为smokingispermittedinthemeeting-room,则系动词is置于主语smoking前。5.did→had,go→goneHardly...when...“刚……就……”这一句型中,hardly所在的主句中对应时态是过去完成式haddone,同时否定副hardly置于句首时,主句要部分倒装,则had置于主语she前,go变为过去分词gone。6.be→am根据临近一致原则,谓语的形式与相邻的主语I一致,即am。7.Jackcan→canJackso引导的分句重复前句的内容,则该分句部分倒装,所以情态动词can提前至主语Jack前。8.comehe→didhecomeOnly引导的状语(afterbeingaskedthreetimes)置于句首时,该句要部分倒装,根据句意判断该句用一般过去时,则主语he对应的助动词did置于主语前,谓语动词come(原形)仍位于主语后。9.Tryashewillhard→Hardashewilltryas引导的让步状语从句,可将副词hard提前至句首以强调,从句中其它部分顺序不变。10.don’t→donor引导肯定从句,表示“也不”。11.thecouplewas→wasthecoupleSo...that...表示“如此……以致于……”,如果so+形容词置于句首时,该分句要完全倒装,即系动词was提前至主语thecouple前。12.be置于may后As引导的让步状语从句的倒装形式为“形容词(或名词、动词)+as+该分句其余部分”,所以位于句首的应是aquietstudent(名词短语)。13.lie提前至many前地点状语Inthedarkforests置于句首时,句子要全部倒装,所以谓语动词lie提前至主语manylakes前。14.theyknew→didtheyknow否定副词little置于句首时,句子要部分倒装,根据原句判断用的是一般过去时,所以相应的助动词did提前至主语they前,谓语动词know用原形,位于主语后。15.had→has句意为“城市从来没有像现在这样需要现代公共交通。”根据句中neverbefore与时间状语today,句中应该用现在完成时,所以主语出thiscity对应的助动词不是did,而是does。16.when→thatItwasn"tuntil...that...这—句式表示“直到……才……”。17.didthecomputerrepair→wasthecomputerrepairedOnly引导的状语(onlyaftermyfriendcame)置于句首要时,句子要部分倒装,原句中动词repair此处用作及物动词“修理”,(原句除了状语的其它部分正常语序应为thecomputerwasrepaired,)部分倒装要将系动词was提前至主语thecomputer前。18.neither→nor如果含否定意义的句子中有多个主语,则只能用nor。19.heran→didherunso...that...表示“如此……以至于……",若其中so引导的分句置于句首,则该分句要部分倒装。原句使用了一般过去时,则对应的助动词did提前于主语he前,谓语动词run位于主语后,用原形。20.giveshe→doeshegiveManyatime时间状语置于句首时句子部分倒装,原句使用了一般现在时,则对应的第三人称单数助动词does提前至主语he前,谓语动词give位于主语后,用原形。PassageAS1.hang→hung从原文看对灯塔守护者的描述主要用了一般过去时,所以此处动词hang“悬挂”也改为过去式hung。S2.from→of短语warn...of...表示“警告、提示(有危险)”。S3.that→whichthat引导定语从句修饰先行词oillamp,定语从句与先行词间用逗号隔开了,所以是非限定性定语从句,所以关系代词改为which。S4.also前添加were该句Keroseneandgaslampsalsotried.意为“煤油灯和煤气灯也(被)用过。”应为被动句,且用过去时,所以加were。S5.sent→send该句的时间状语为today,相应地该句应使用现在时,所以改为send。S6.it→itself此处it代替的是主语thelighthouse,所以用反身代词itself。S7.as→like此处后接名词短语agiantfireflyinthenight,应用介词like,表示“好像”。as表示“好像”,作连词,后接句子。S8.however→whatever此处表系“不管、不论”,用whatever后接名词signal,表示“不管什么信号”。however表示“不管”时,后接形容词或副词。S9.Being去掉此处不强调正在进行的动作,所以将being去掉,一般现在时即可。PassageBS1.deeply→deepdeepdown意为“内心深处”。S2.do→doesbut引导的分句主语是thewinner,相应的谓语动词应为单数第三人称,所以do改为does。S3.who→what该句意为“态度和坚持不懈能帮助我们达到目标。”结合上下文,这里用what表示“……的事物”,而who表示“……人”用在此处不合适。152 S4.because→although/while该复合句中逗号前后两句构成轻微的对比含义,并不是因果关系,所以改为although。S5.success→succeedwant后接动词不定式,表示“想做某事”。success是名词,对应的动词是succeed。S6.necessarily→necessarynecessary形容词作后置定语修饰名词work,表示“必须的工作。”S7.risk→riskstakerisks表示“冒险”,名词用复数。S8.much前添加so该句用so...That...句型,表示“如此……以至于……”。S9.yet→otherwise该句意为“人们太担失败以至于害怕得不敢有所作为,同时耗尽了他们的力量,而这种力量本该使他们有所发展。”这里otherwise为副词,意为inanotheroradifferentway“用别的方法;不同地”。S10.in→toput...torest意为“放弃(错误的想法或观点通过证明它是不真实的)”。PassageCS1.which→whosewhose引导定语从句表示“谁的”,先行词是people(people后接f两个定语从句分别由关系代词who和whose引导)。S2.make后添加themakethemostofsth.意为“充分利用”。S3.cancel→make根据上下文,此句应为“如果被采访人很忙,则要提前预约。”makeanappointment意为“预约”。S4.interviewer→interviewee根据上下文,此句应为“准备的话题应为被采访人所熟悉的。”interviewee意为“被采访人”;interviewer意为“采访人”。S5.thus→but根据上下文,此句应为“问你准备的问题,但是不用只问准备的问题,但是也不用只问准备的问题,也不要完全按照问题的顺序(提问)。”所以此处应改为表示转折的连词but,而不用表示因果关系的thus。S6.was去掉occur表示“发生”,不用于被动语态。S7.say后添加so根据上下文,此句意为“如果没听懂被采访人说的话,就礼貌地说明‘自己不懂’并请他或她解释或举例说明。”此处加bo表示重复前句的内容。S8.slowly→fast根据上下文,此句意为“做记录,如果被采访人说得太快你跟不上,就请他或她停一会儿,特别是如果他或她说的这一点很重要时。”所以此处改为fast。S9.therefore→however根据上下文,此句意为“录音机可以帮你避免这一问题,然而,必须要征得被采访人的同意。”所以,此处连词应是表示转折的连词however。S10.clarified→clarifyingneed后接动词的v-ing形式可表示被动意义。根据上下文,此句意为“采访后要尽快整理采访记录,趁你还对此次采访记忆犹新时,及时理淸采访记录。”◆翻译题1.adaptedherselftocampuslifeamonthafterenteringcollege2.hadhetriedtousethemachinethanitstoppedworking3.sothatitcouldpullthroughthepresentcrisis4.thechildrencouldhavegoneoutforcamping5.Iwouldnothesitateamomenttopurchaseafamous-brandcar/Iwouldbuyafamous-brandcarwithouthesitation6.onlythroughlifelongstudycanyousurviveinthehighlycompetitivesociety7.arestudentspermittedtograduateaheadofschedule.8.didhethinkofbeingone9.canhewritesomepoems10.Suchabignoisewasthere11.这时我才体会到当年对那位老先生提出的挑战,而他又应付得那么地出色。12.因此,只有把思考、勇气和信心这三者结合起来,我们才能战胜一切困难。13.这样,金回到了陈列火车的地方。14.史密斯太太坐在里面。15.拿出钢笔和纸,朱蒂就开始写起信来。16.看,那位歌手兼跳舞者来了。17.小村庄西面五六里处就是没了的密执安湖。18.出席会议的还有学生食堂的负责人。19.我还清淸楚楚地记得在火车站为你送行的那个晚上。20.孩子们整天在这些地方,既排练演出,又接受常规教育。这些为数不多的地方更应被称为“舞台学校”。◆选词填空1.willPeterandSonstayput152 only后接时间状语置于句首时该句要部分倒装。根据句子的时间状语判断该句使用一般将来时,该句若用正常语序为PeterandSonwillstayput,部分倒装时对应的助动词will提前至主语PeterandSon前,其余部分不动。2.washeabletogetbackhomeonly后接时间状语置于句首时该句要部分倒装。部分倒装时系动词was提前至主语he前,其余部分不动。3.washeSo接表语tired置于句首,强调表语,句子中系动词wag要置于主语he前。4.werethetimes表语sadder至于句首,强调表语时,句子中系动词were置于主语thetimes前。5.Didlrealizeonly后接时间状语置于句首时该句要部分倒装。根据句子的时间状语判断该句使用一般过去时,所以主语I对应的助动词did提前置于主语前,谓语动词realize用原形。6.camethewhistleofapolicecar“then+不及物动词+主语”用于生动描述一个场景。7.mustthewhalecometothetopofthewaterforair时间状语nowandthen置于句首,句子部分倒装,则情态动词must提前于主语thewhale前。8.didhegoswimmingintheriverManyatime时间状语置于句首时句子部分倒装,原句使用了一般过去时(went),则对应的助动词did前置于主语he前,went变为go位于主语后。9.wasAlbertEinstein此处such作表语,则系动词was提前于主语AlbertEinstein前。句子倒装后,逗号后的同位语与主语紧接,加强了连贯性。10.camemanyhappyboys句首为表地点的介词词组upthestreet,句子全部倒装,所以came置于主语manyhappyboys前。Passage本文记述了科学家们针对如何处理核废料的问题所作的讨论,并概述了几种方案。选项的语法功能分析:A.free形容词,“自由的;免费的”;动词,“使自由”等。B.interfere动词,“干涉”,后接insth.。C.residence名词,“住宅、住所”。D.handle动词,“处理、对付”;名词,“把手、握持处”等。E.deadly形容词,“致命的”。F.safety名词,“安全”。G.buried“被埋葬的”,过去分词。H.scattering“散布、撒”,现在分词。I.remove“移除”,动词。J.dealt“处理、对付”,动词过去式,过去分词。K.disposed“丢弃、处理”,动词过去式、过去分词。L.discarding“丢弃、扔掉”,现在分词,动名词。M.environment“环境”,名词。N.dropped“丢掉、掉”,过去式、过去分词。O.unfavorable“不喜欢的”,形容词;“不喜欢的人或物”;名词。1.Ktodisposeofsth.被动语态为sth.bedisposedof“丢弃某物”。空格处前是系动词are,此处有可能是被动语态,后是介词of,根据上下文填入过去分词disposed.句意为“大部分的核废料只是简单地放在某个地方,丢弃掉了。”2.Jtodealwithsth.被动语态为sth.bedealtwith“处理某物”。空格处前是系动词be,此处可能是被动语态,后是with,根据上下文填人过去分词dealt.句意为“但是核废料必须谨慎处理。”3.E空格处前是系动词be,此处填人形容词deadly,与dangerous呼应。4.M文章探讨怎样处理核废料才能避免污染环境,所以空格处前是定冠词the,则此处可能是名词,填入environment符合上下文语境。5.N空格处前有系动词is,可能填入过去分词、形容词、副词等。根据上下文,此处应是dropped。句意为“一种想法是把这些放射性物质放人十个厚度很厚的容器,然后将它沉入海底。”6.L空格处前是介词of,后接名词短语nuclearwaste,所以此处可能是及物动词的动名词形式,根据上下文填人discarding.句意为“但是很多科学家认为这样处理核废料会杀死海洋中的鱼和其它生物……”。7.B空格处前有or,所以此处可能是动词原形与kill并列,填入interfere,正好与空格后的介词with搭配。该部分意为“干涉它们的生长”。8.D空格处所在的句子,主语是anyway,to开始的动词不定式中宾语是nuclearwaste,所以空格处可能是及物动词原形,根据上下文填入handle,句意为“另一种处理核废料的办法是将它送入太空,送到太阳上烧毁。”152 9.G空格前是shouldbe,则空格处可能是过去分词,构成被动语态,根据句意填入buried,句意为“还有一些科学家建议将这些污染环境的废料埋人距地表几千米的地下。”10.A空格前是系动词be,其后为介词of,所以此处可能是形容词或过去分词等,根据上下文填人,句意为“这样深的地下可能没有地震。”自测综合练习120题PartI.VocabularyandStructure1.C考査宾语从句。句意:他尝试着各种材料,看看其中哪一种可以使用。此句which引导了一个宾语从句。2.D考査宾语从句。A选项if作连调不能与ornot连用;B选项whether作宾语从句应为陈述语序;C选项不符合句意;故只能选D。3.A考査状语从句。however=nomatterhow表示“无论怎样”,后接形容词。B选项nomatter缺少how;C选项despite应后接一个名词词组;D选项although后接一个陈述语句,故排除。4.C考査状语从句。只有themoment可以作连接词,引导一个状语从句,表示"一/刚……就”。句意:婴儿—见到母亲就开始哭了。5.D考査宾语从句。what引导宾语从句等于thethingthat,意为“所……的亊/东西/的话”;A、B选项用that引导不符合句意,而C选项多了一个it,故只能选D。6.B考査状语从句。A选项inspiteof应后接名词或名词词组,如果要跟形容词young,要加being;C、D选项不符合句意。Whenyoung是Whenhewasyoung的省略形式,状语从句在主句和从句主语一致的情况下,可以省略。句意:他年轻的时候,在空军服役。7.C考査状语从句。这里be表示“无论”,句意为“宇宙中的每个物体,无论大小……”,其它选项不意。8.D考査条件语从句的省略。A选项不能用being,因为if是连词不是介词;B选项逻辑主语machine和use的关系是被动不是主动关系;C选项不能用将来时,因在时候和条件从句中用一般现在时表示将来;D选项used是“themachineisused”的省略形式。9.A考査宾语从句。What表示“thethingthat...”句意:请做你认为是正确的亊情。10.A考査宾语从句。liveupto意为“达到……要求”what表示“对……所"(参照第9题本句句意:他不能达到人们对他的期望值。11.C考査倒装句。Only放在句首需倒装。本句的正常语序:“theworkofreconstructioncouldbeseriouslybegunonlythen.”;句意:只有等到那时重建工作才能认真开始。12.A考査倒装句。用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句,可以将should,were,had等词置于句首。13.C考査倒装句。so等词句首需倒装,且injure(受伤)词需用被动语态。句意:他在亊故中伤得如此严重,以致被留在医院做进—步治疗。14.B考査宾语从句。问句宾语从句部分应使用正常语序。15.A考査倒装句。用于以out,in,down,away等副词开头的句子来描写一个情景,且burglar为名词,需全部倒装。16.B考査宾语从句。宾语从句的从句部分应用正常语序。语意:告诉Arther那是谁的车。17.C考査倒装句。Nowhere放在句首需倒装。句意:世界上没有其它地方裁制衣服比香港还便宜。18.A考査介词。“inthedirectionof”为固定搭配,意为“朝着……方向”。19.B考査介词。“apologizeforsth."为固定搭配,意为“因……而感到抱歉”。20.B考査介词。“forgood”为固定词组,意为“永久地”。21.D考査介词。“haveobjectiontosth.”为固定搭配。句意:只要保持安静,我不反对他呆在图书馆。22.A考査副词。此句为谚语:“凡事皆有例外。”23.B考査介词。此处for意为“为了……”,句意:他做这一切不是为了个人利益。24.C考査词汇辨析。except,besides,exceptfor,inadditionto皆为“除……之外”,besides和inadditionto强调所排除的东西包括在内,意为“除……之外,还有”;而exceptandexceptfor强调排除的东西不包括在内,except后接词一般与主语同类而exceptfor非同类。句意“除冰和其它几种物质外,所有固体物质液化时都会膨胀。”25.C考査词汇辨析。Allbut=allexcept为固定词组,意为“除了……都”。句意:除了我和他之外,所有人都去了展览会。26.D考査动词词组。turndown“拒绝”,turnaway“避开”,turnout“生产”,turnthrough不是固定词组。本句句意:他的一些建议被采纳,但其余的被回绝。27.A考査动词词组。carryaway意为“吸引住了”。句意:听众们被他平和的讲话吸引住了。152 28.D考査介词。With这里表示“尽管”。句意:尽管他有种种缺点,我还是喜欢他。regardless后要跟of;however后跟形容词或副词,表示“无论怎样”;even为程度副词,表示“甚至,更”,不符合句意。29.B考査词汇辨析。inaddition少了to;except和exceptfor表示“除了……”(包括排除的东西),只有beside表示“除……还”(包括排除的东西〉。句意:除了两本书外,他还带了一本字典。30.C考査状语从句。这里immediately相当于一个连词,引导时间状语从句,表示“刚……就时间状语从句的从句部分用一般现在时表示将来,故选C。31.D考査名词辨析。句意:长城是一个建筑奇迹。32.C考査介词宾语。haveanideaofsth.是固定词组,意为“了解,知道”,其中of是不可省略,后跟一个宾语从句。句意:你知道不知道家庭谈话是什么样子？33.B考査介词词组。underthesun是固定词组,意为“天下,世上一切”,表示强调。句意:他对(世上)一切问题都有自己精辟的意见。34.A考査形容词辨析。irrational不理智的”;irresponsible“不负责任的”;irrespective“不尊重的”;irrealizable“不可实现的”。故只有irrational符合句意。35.C考査词汇辨析。access意为“进人”,后面接to;accelerated“加速”;expensive“昂贵”只有C符合题意,意为“过度,过髙”。36.D考査动词辨析。Frightening“惊慌”;contending“争斗,搏斗competing“竞争”;combating“战斗,斗争”句意:作为—名医生,他一生都与疾病作斗争,而为了纪念他,人们举行了这个仪式。37.C考査动词词组。Goin“进入”Goin“继续”,goabroad“出国”只有gofor“喜欢”符合句意。38.A考査词汇辨析。controversy“争议”,符含句意。而conference“会议”,catastrophic“灾难的”,catholic“广泛的,普遍的”。句意:第一头克隆羊引发了很大争议。39.B考査动词辨析。accusing“指控”,defusing“缓和,平息”,confuting“驳斥”;而confusing为“混清”,句意:你把我和我姐弄混淆了,是她上星期生病的。40.C考査动词辨析。erect"建立”,confine“限制"shield“防护”;只有assume“认为,假设”符合题意。句意:如果她五分钟内不到,我们会认为她不会来了。41.A考査动词辨析。retreat“撤退”符合句意。resort“求助,借助”,nscite“背诵”retract“缩回”。句意:敌机的攻击迫使坦克从城市撤离42.B考査动词词组。comedown“过来”,digup“挖掘”,hangon“紧紧抓住,坚持”,只有jotdown“记录下来”符合题意。43.D考査动词词组。pickon“选中”,pickat“扯拉,挑弄”,pickup“重新得到,恢复谈话”。句意:让我们从昨天结束的地方接着往下说。44.A考査表语从句。句意:令人吃惊的是那些鱼大部分是在森林中而不是在河里生长的。45.B考査动词辨析。cater“迎合”,enjoy“喜欢、享受”,pleased“高兴”,indulgeoneselfinsth.是固定词组,意为“沉溺于”。句意:在晚会上,他们沉浸在吃喝当中。46.D考査形容辨析。common“普通的”,particular“特殊的,特定的”special“特殊的,特别的”,而peculiar“独特的,奇特的”。句意:我有一种(奇怪的)感觉我以前去过意大利。(强调奇怪,奇妙之处)47.A考査词汇辨析。本句of介词后应跟动名词或名词,故排除C和D选项;coming不符句意,只有approach,意为“接近,处理”。48.D考査词汇辨析。cork“软木塞”,cerd“细绳”,com“谷物”,core”核心。句意:问题的关键是缺少政府基本资金资助:49.B考査词汇辨析。partner“伙伴”,counterpart“对应的人物”,colleague“同事”,fellow“家伙,朋友”句意:首相将会见欧洲(相应职位)官员,商讨向毒品开战。50.A考査词性辨析。不定冠词an后需跟名词,故排除形容词economic(经济的)和economical(节约的)而economics意为“经济学”,不符合句意。本句句意:尽管购买高质量产品价格贵了些,但是经济划算的。51.D考査形容词辨析。anxious“渴望,焦急”,effective“有效的”,adequate“充足的”,efficient“效率高的”。句意:她是一个非常高效的秘书,从不忘事或出错。52.C考査词汇辨析:breathesighofrelief是固定词组,意为“松了一气”。53.C考査形容词辨析。eager“渴望,强烈愿望”,punctual”,“准时,守时”,exact“准确的”句意:遵守时间是有礼貌的行为。54.A考査介词词组。inagony为固定搭記,意为“处于痛苦之中”。句意:受伤的战士躺着在痛苦地呻吟。152 55.B考查动词辨析。Climb“攀爬,爬山”,creep“爬行"mount“登上、装上”rise“上升”本句为固定谚语,意为“先学爬后学走,按部就班,循序渐进”。56.D考査动同词组。Focuson是固定搭配,表示“重点,中心放在”句意:这本书重点是介绍计算机如何影响年靑人的。57.B考査副词。extensively“广泛地”,extremely“非常地”,especially“特别地”,constant经常地”。句意:我们希望下雨,但是太多的降雨量将造成洪涝。58.C考査动词词组。exposedto“暴露”。chipaway“切掉,切碎”,lookdownon“看不起,瞧不起”,pullover“拉过来,靠边停车”。句意:人们不应瞧不起残废人。59.AIfonly意为“要是……就好了”,后面引导一个虚拟条件句。本句句意“要是他们能告诉我他们的决定就好了。”60.C考査动词词组。carryoff夺走,抢走”,carryaway“搬走,入迷”,carryforward“发扬,弘扬”,故只有carryout“执行,实施”符合题意。句意:尽管颁布了禁令,一些科学家仍然进行克隆人的研究。61.C考査词组辨析。abunchof“一束,一堆”,abundleof“一包,一捆”,astringof"―串”,acrowdof“—群”。句意:愤怒的男孩问了一连串的问题。62.D考査介词和形容词。opposition(反对)后跟to是固定用法;rational(理性的)反义词是irrational,故选D。63.B考查介词。atanyprice是固定用法,意为“不惜任何代价”。本句句意:他答应不惜任何代价得到合同。64.B考査动词辨析。四个选项中的词都表示“禁止,阻止”,但prohibit和ban过于正式,表示“明文禁止的禁令”;而prevent的固定词组是“preventsb.from”,故只能选B。65.A考査动词词组。result后面跟介词in或from,故排除选项C和D。resultin表示“导致……结果”,而resultfrom则是“由于……原因”。本句句意:这次事故导致两名旅客死亡。66.C考査词组辨析。toone’sname为固定搭配,意为“在某人名下,属于自己所有”。本句句意:由于没有任何资格证书,无法得到一个体面工作。67.A考査词组辨析。digup为固定搭配,意为“挖掘出来”。本句句意:粉丝们总是对挖掘他们偶像的花边新闻感兴趣。68.A考査名词辨析。resemblance意为“相像”,difference“差异”,secrecy“秘密”,miracle“奇迹”。句意:二个男孩长缘有点像,有时很难互相区分。69.B考査动词。need可以用作情态动词或实义动词。在作实义动词时,need—般只能有两种用法:needdoing或needtobedone,所以只能选B。70.C考査动词词组。indespair意为“失望”,infavorof“赞成”,inaway“在某些方面,在某种程度”,只有ataloss“不知所措”符合题意。本句句意:当错过了最后一班车后,他不知所措。71.B考査动词。理由请参考69题。本句句意:那是一个真正不需要回答的问题之一。72.D考査介词词组。inhaste表示“匆匆忙忙”符合题意。本句句意:他匆忙离开。73.C考査动词辨析。equal(平等)后面与to连用,match(匹配)直接跟宾语,fit(适合)一般与for连用;所以只有qualify(有资格,符合要求),符合题意。本句句意:由于他的语音很糟糕,当英语老师不符合要求。74.B考査动词辨析。return意为“返回”,regain“重新获得”,resort“求助”retreat“后退,撤退”。句意:面对困难,他没有后退。75.D考査私容词搭配.besuspiciousof为固定搭配,意为“怀疑。本句句意:警察怀疑他说的话,因为他以前有过记录。76.B考查副词。almost意为“几乎”nearly“近于”,fairly非常地。相当地”,只有barely=hardly意为“几乎不”符合题意。句意:他年纪很大,几乎不能走路。77.A考査动词。句中词组resorttosth中的to是介词,因此,与doin连用;而且主语woman与动词shift的关系是主动关系。语意:当那位妇女被问到尴尬的问题时,她总是求助于转换话题。78.C考査动词词组。getalong意为“进展”,getthrough“通过”,getdown“吞下,沿……走下去”,只有getover意为“克服,不再为……而感到惊讶”。句意:我搞不明白他为什么如此伟大。79.D考査虚拟语气。Asif这后面从句一般用虚拟语气,一般现在时改为一般过去时,故选D。80.D考査虚拟语气。该句条件句是与过去客观情况相反,因此,用过去完成时代替一般过去时。81.C考査独立结构。独立结构的基本句式是with+n+过去分词现在分词,有时with可省略。本句this主语与动词do的关系是被动关系,因此用过去分词。句意:做完这件事后,他回家了。82.A考査固定搭配。approachto意为“……的方式方法”,是固定词组搭配,其中to是介词,与doing152 sth连用。句意:传统处理复杂问题的方法是将他们分解成若干更小更容易处理的问题。83.D考査动词词组。thanksto为固定词组,表示“多亏了,由于……原因”。84.A考査固定搭配。in(an)agonyof为固定用法,意为“处于……的痛苦之中"。句意:他正处于被别人质疑的痛苦之中。85.D考査动词时态。前面动词haschanged为现在完成时,因此,只能用since才符合题意和语法要求。句意:我想知道自从上次见过他以来,他有多大变化。86.B考査虚拟语气。Ifonly意为“要是……就好了”,要求后面用虚拟语气,故选B。87.D考査动词词组。意为“实行,执行”,是固定搭配,符合题意。88.A考査动词辨析。throb意为“跳动”,符合题意。pound“重击”,strike“撞击",knock“敲击”。89.A考査关联词。此句由if引导了一个省略主语的条件状语从句,相当于“ifwoodfurnitureisproperlyhandledandprotected”。句意:如果处置保护得当,木制家俱不会贬值。90.C考査介词词组。inturn为固定词组,意为“依次,轮流地”。句意:五名候选人依次向选民介绍自己。PartII.Cloze91.B考査动词。助动词don’t后只能跟原形动词。92.C考査形容词。根据上下文关系,事故的原因应该很容易发现。93.A考査近义此。variety和kind表示“种类”,而part表示“部分”,只能选chain表示“一连串”。句意:一连串的事情导致悲剧发生……。94.D考査搭配关系。attackonsb.为固定搭配,意为“对……的攻击”。95.C考査逻辑关系,根据上下文逻辑关系,作者是举了公路事故常发生在家庭争吵之后这样-个例子。96.A考査搭配关系。根据本句后半句that,可推判此处填so,构成so…that句式,意为“如此……以致”。97.B考査动词。lead,cause和compel动词后都要跟to,只有make作为“使动”可省to,表示“致使某人做某亊”。98.D考査动词辨析。Criticize“批评”,expose“暴露”,stop“停止”avoid“避免”。句意:事故是无法预测和避免的亊情。99.B考査名词性从句。idea后需跟同位语从句,用that引导。100.A考査动词。“involve…”为固定搭配,意为“使…陷入或卷入”。PartIII.BankedCloze词性分析名词:C.technique技术E.Sophomore二年级学生G.blame责骂H.outcome结果H.decision决定K.conclusion结论M.addition增加此外O.authority当局,权威动词:A.follow跟随,遵守G.Blame指责I.explore探索形容词:D.homesick想家的B.comfortable舒适的N.likely可能的副词:L.totally总体地101.E不定冠a后需填一个名词,只有名词sophomore符合题意。句意:当我在中学二年级时,就决定离家。102.D根据上半句“onlythreeweeksawayfromhome",可判作者开始想家了。feel为系动词,故跟形容词homesick。103.L形容词different只能用副词修饰。Atotallydifferentexperience意为“一种完全不同的经历”。104.H冠词the只能填一名词。句意:当我无法履行职责,必须自己处理由此带来的后果。105.0withoutmyparents’介词词组后应填名词,只有authority(权威)符合题意。句意:我必须在不伤害任何人又没有父母施压的情况下为自己做出最佳决定。106.A文中“1havemaderuleformyselfto”后面应跟动词不定式,作定语修饰rule,只有follow(遵守)符合题意。句意:我已经制定了一些自己可遵守的规定。107.K介词的后应跟名词。Inconclusion为固定搭配,意为“结果,结论”。108.M根据上下文应为递进关系,inaddition意为“此外”。109.F系动词后需跟形容词。Appropriate意为“合适”符合句意。110.Cevery后应跟名词,technique意为“技术”符合题意。本句大意:他们应该学会如何独立生活,并需要学会由他们父母传授下来的每一项技能。PartIV.Translation152 111.shottofamewiththatsinglealbum112.It’sonethingtounderstandtheprinciple113.heischosentotakechargeoftheproject144.maybeabouttorepeatitself115.Hekeptchippingawayattheproblem116.pleasedonothesitatetocontactus117.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion118.butPdliketohaveashot119.asopposedtotheory120.unlessyoucallwatchingTVahobby152