《英语语法体系》 69页

英语语法体系姓名：_______班级：_______©新东方学校66 新东方学校目录前言1第1讲语法总原则21.1词性21.2语法成分21.3简单句与复合句31.4语法总原则4第2讲谓语动词（时态与语态）52.1时态52.2语态6第3讲谓语动词（语气）83.1陈述语气83.2祈使语气83.3虚拟语气8第4讲非谓语动词104.1不定式104.2现在分词104.3过去分词104.4逻辑主语一致11第5讲复杂句（名词性从句）125.1主语/宾语/表语从句125.2同位语从句13第6讲复杂句（形容词性从句和副词性从句）146.1形容词性从句146.2副词性从句14第7讲独立主格167.1独立主格167.2插入语17第8讲强调句208.1分列式208.2助动词还原208.3倒装句208.4其它强调句型22附录1英语语法基础知识23附录2英语语法体系练习题24第1讲习题语法总原则24第2讲习题谓语动词（时态与语态）29第3讲习题谓语动词（语气）35第4讲习题非谓语动词40第5讲习题复杂句（名词性从句）45第6讲习题复杂句（形容词性从句和副词性从句）5166 新东方学校第7讲习题独立主格57第8讲习题强调句6266 新东方学校前言语法是难的。我们从开始学英语的第一天就开始接触语法，背了很多的语法知识点，但是多年下来始终没有“参透”语法的奥义。原因也许恰恰就在于我们背诵了过多的语法条目，众多语法点交织起来，反而使我们不能形成一个完整的语法体系，故而越学越难。这一点，从常见的语法书的厚度就可见一斑。须知，语法是辖词成句的一种规则。大凡规则，都不会太过复杂，往往能找到一个“主义”，从根本上点破一个个“问题”的解决之道。当然，“参透”这种规则也是需要经过艰苦卓绝的努力的，我本人也是在英语专业的第三年才对整个的英语语法形成一种系统的认知。现在，我们将这一个“主义”，编辑成一套语法教材，供大家使用。总的而言，我们的语法可以分为三个层次。《英语语法基础知识》，这是知识积累的层次。其中，我们会看到“可数名词与不可数名词”、“及物动词与不及物动词”、“主谓一致”、“就近原则”等我们所熟知的一些语法点，会学到肯定句、否定句、疑问句的转换，也会学到一些基本的时态和简单的从句，但是不会“点破”那一个“主义”。但是同学万不可急切地想越过这个层次直接进入下一个层次，因为没有这个层次的积累，下一层次的“主义”是没有依着的。《英语语法体系》，这是语法系统的层次。在这个层次中，我们会全面梳理前一层次所积累的语法点，形成一条（只有一条）根本性的语法规则，这条规则就是我们所需要的“主义”。这个“主义”，我们在这个层次的第1讲就会点出来，之后各讲都是对这一个“主义”的解释说明。很自然地，我们在这个层次会大大地简化语法知识的复杂性，比如：我们把词性分为名词、动词、形容词、副词，其他一切词我们都视为这四种基本词性的变体或者同学们已经具备的语法基础知识；我们会弱化宾语和表语的区别，我们甚至宣称宾语和表语没有区别；我们不区分一般的助动词和情态动词的区别，我们甚至宣称情态动词就是助动词的一种；还有一些语法问题，我们避而不谈。请同学们谨记，如此种种简化的表述，一方面会极大地减轻同学们学习英语语法的压力，帮助同学们快速地搭建起一个完整的语法体系，并且能将这个体系作为一种工具检查自己写的句子是否正确，但是另外一方面也包含着极大的危险性，因为快捷简便的表达毕竟不能涵盖英语语法中各种生僻的用法和曲折的变化，毕竟英语中有四大词性之外的其他词性，毕竟宾语和表语是有区别的，毕竟情态动词相比一般助动词有其特殊性，毕竟很多语法问题不能一避了之。话说回头，在同学们现有的需求之下，这样简化的语法体系又是可行的，也是迫切需要的，毕竟大部分同学学习语法不是为了成为语法学者，而是基于基本的应试和日常交流之需要，故而这样的语法体系是行得通的。《英语语法长难句》，这是语法应用的层次。积累了庞杂的语法点，又搭建了完整清晰的语法体系，我们就可以将语法规则运用在实际的英语中。阅读中的长难句，不论多长多难，总是能用语法规则抽丝剥茧地去除旁枝末节，留下语法主干，进而快递地抓取句子意义。在写作中，如果想要写出长句难句，或者想在简单句复杂句、长句短句之间任意挥洒，不得不具备“高级”的语法技能。为了让大家迅速上手，我们会给出一些简明扼要的表述或一针见血的技巧，比如在托福阅读的指代题当中，我们会让大家不用看句子意义直接找前一句的主语，如果选项不对应主语，就找宾语。再比如，在阅读过程中，我们可能会教同学直接剔除两个逗号之间的内容，因为它们往往是插入语，只起补充说明的作用。同学们需要理性地看待这些“技巧”，一方面它们是各位教师在对于英语语法深刻洞悉的基础之上得出的实用概括，一方面毕竟也是基于语法规则，同学们不能一味追求“技巧”而忽视了语法基本功。语法，终究是一种能力。总的而言，这三本语法教材各有层次，也各有用途。《英语语法基础知识》培养基本的能力，细而全，比较适合国内中高考线的同学积累语法知识；《英语语法体系》帮助大家快速领悟语法框架，并且学到一条指导原则以检查句子的正确性，比较适合出国留学线的同学积累语法系统能力；《英语语法长难句》培养快速阅读和高级写作的技巧，比较适合考研英语和出国留学线的同学培养语法实际操作能力。本套语法教材的编撰者，还包括圣益鑫。如有错漏，欢迎指正。薛海波2014年1月3日星期五66 新东方学校第1讲语法总原则1.1词性本讲义不细分名词、动词、形容词及副词之外的其他词性，代词、介词、连词、冠词、数量词等一律视为语法基础知识。词性缩写语法用途典型语法成分名词n.表示人名/地名/特征等主语/宾语/表语动词v.表示动作谓语形容词adj./a.修饰名词定语副词adv./ad.修饰动词/形容词/副词状语1.2语法成分语法成分缩写语法用途典型词性主语S.动作发起者名词谓语P.主语发起的动作动词宾语（表语）O.(Pr.)动作承受者名词定语At.修饰名词形容词状语Ad.修饰动词、形容词、副词表程度、状态等副词补语C.补充说明主语、宾语、表语形容词同位语Ap.解释说明名词名词主语名词性成分TheGreatFireWallisconstructedtoprotectChina’syounggenerationfromjunkinformation.Nantongissuchagorgeouscitythatnoonecouldimagineitsbeautyandmagnificence.谓语动词性成分Excessivefishingactivityleadedbyhumans’desireforfishingproductsiscausingmassivedisasterstothenaturalworld.宾语（表语）本讲义不细分宾语和表语的区别，为了便于系统性理解，我们将宾语和表语视为同一的成分。宾语和表语的区别请参考《英语语法基础知识》。宾语名词性成分l动词宾语：v+n66 新东方学校l介词宾语：prep+nShegivesmeapreciousgiftsoastoraisemyrareinterestinrarespecies’extinct.JohnwasdeeplyimpressedbythespeechdeliveredbyKonan,thesecretarygeneraloftheUnitedNations.表语系动词+n/adj.Thesituationnowisturninghardforsailortoconfrontundertheconsiderationthatwindforceisunstoppable.Itsoundsagoodidea.系动词lbel感官动词sound/smell/taste/look/feel/seeml其他become/prove同位语名词性成分KillerWhales,anextremelydangerousthreattoothergreatwhalesunderthesea,arenowhuntedoverwhelmingly.定语形容词性成分Hermagnificentbeautyisoutofmywildestimagination.状语副词性成分Wolvescrieddesperatelyoutoftheirnature.WhateverIdo,herneedscanneverbesatisfied.Iwanttogohome.补语名词/形容词/其他补语去掉，语法完整，意义不完整Shemakesmecrazy.Webelievehimtobeguilty.1.3简单句与复合句简单句l主语+谓语+其他成分l各成分都只由单词或短语构成（不包含从句）1.主语+谓语Hesleeps.66 新东方学校2.主语+谓语+宾语（表语）Hedrinksmuchwater.Heisbored.3.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾Hesendsmeagift.4.主语+谓语+补语Iwanttogohome.5.主语+谓语+表语+补语Englishisnoteasytolearn.复合句简单句1+并列连词+简单句2并列连词fanboyslfor:I"dbettertakeanumbrella,foritisgoingtorainland:Heissohandsomeandtheprincessiswillingtomarryhim.lnor:Thecityisnotbeautiful,norisitclean.lbut:Ilikeactionmoviesbutshedoesn’tlikethem.lor:Takethechance,oryouwillregretlyet:Shewalkedslowlyintothehallandatoncenoticedthatalltheroomdoorswereopen,yetfollowingherregularpracticeshehadshutthembeforegoingout.lso:Itishardforenergetic,quick-mindedpeopletowastetime,sotheyareoftentemptedtofinishajobbeforesettingouttokeepanappointment.典型并列连词：and/but/or区分复合句与成分并列l主语并列l谓语并列l宾语并列l定语并列l状语并列1.4语法总原则一个英语简单句有且仅有一个谓语动词，其他动词要用非谓语动词或从句的形式。（谓语动词并列除外）谓语动词并列表示连续动作Hetookouthisgunandwentout.66 新东方学校第2讲谓语动词（时态与语态）2.1时态谓语动词助动词（情态动词）+实意动词Iloveyou.Idonotloveyou.DoIloveyou?WhydoIloveyou?Icanswim.Icannotswim.CanIswim?HowcanIswim?英语时态（8种基本时态）时间时态过去的过去过去过去的将来现在将来一般did2=diddodo1=dodowoulddo4willdo3进行be(was/were)doing6be(am/is/are)doing5完成haddone8havedone71.do:一般现在时。一般现在时（do）可以视为do+do，前一个do视为助动词（省略），后一个do为实意动词。2.did:一般过去时。一般过去时（did）可以视为did+do（did为助动词，do为实意动词，合并为did（实意动词不能省略））。did是do的过去形式。3.willdo:一般将来时。4.woulddo:过去将来时。5.be(am/is/are)doing:现在进行时。6.be(was/were)doing:过去进行时。7.havedone:现在完成时。8.haddone:过去完成时。例句1.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.2.Hitler’sarmyinvadedRussiainordertoconquerthelargestcountryintheworld.3.Chinawilllaunchitsownrocketswithastronautsontothemoon.66 新东方学校4.TheSouthwouldwinthebattleundercruelslavery.5.Chinaistakingmeasurestocontrolhousingprices.6.Theplanewasflyingovermyheadlastmidnight.7.Chinahascarriedoutitopening-uppolicyfordecades.8.Shehadfinishedhergraduateschoolin2006.英语时态（8种基本时态+8种复合时态）时间时态过去的过去过去过去的将来现在将来一般did2=diddowoulddo4do1=dodowilldo3进行be(was/were)doing6wouldbedoing10be(am/is/are)doing5willbedoing9hadbeendoing12havebeendoing11wouldhavebeendoing14willhavebeendoing13完成haddone8havedone7wouldhavedone16willhavedone159.willbedoing:将来进行时。10.wouldbedoing:过去将来进行时。11.havebeendoing:现在完成进行时。12.hadbeendoing:过去完成进行时13.willhavebeendoing:将来完成进行时。14.wouldhavebeendoing:过去将来完成进行时。15.willhavedone:将来完成时。16.wouldhavedone:过去将来完成时。例句9.Facebookuserswillbedemonstratingtheirdesireforprivacyoutsideitsheadquarters.10.WhenIwassmall,GrandpasaidIwouldbefightingformyfuture20yearslater.11.Ihavebeenworkingfor30dayswithoutarest.12.Shehadbeencarryingoutherplottobethequeenthreemonthsearlier.13.TheplayiscomingoffinAugust.Bythentheplaywillhavebeenrunningforthreemonths.14.Uptothattimehehadbeentranslatingthosebooks．15.YouwillhavereachedShanghaibythistimetomorrow.16.IguessedthatHelenwouldhavetoldhersomething.2.2语态主动语态以上16种时态66 新东方学校被动语态助动词be+实意动词的过去分词done16种时态的被动语态时间时态过去的过去过去过去的将来现在将来一般be(was/were)done2be(am/is/are)done1wouldbedone4willbedone3进行be(was/were)beingdone6be(am/is/are)beingdone5wouldbebeingdone10willbebeingdone9wouldhavebeenbeingdone14willhavebeenbeingdone13hadbeenbeingdone12havebeenbeingdone11完成hadbeendone8havebeendone7wouldhavebeendone16willhavebeendone15例句1.Theplanissaidtobeaplotagainstthedictator’sregime.2.RussiawasinvadedbyHitlertoconquerthelargestcountryintheworld.3.MagnificentrocketswillbelaunchedbyChinawithastronautsontothemoon.4.ThebattlewouldbewonbytheSouthundercruelslavery.5.MeasuresarebeingtakenbyChinatocontrolskyrocketinghousingprices.6.TheislandwerebeingseizedbytheUnionundertheextremecoldwinter.7.Opening-uppolicyhasbeencarriedoutbyChinafordecades.8.Hergraduatedegreehadbeenearned10yearsearlier.9.以上16种被动语态只是理论上的形态，其中有多种很少在实际语言中使用。10.Iwouldbebeingtorturedbymypainfulexperiencesinmychildhood,asmygrandpatoldme.11.12.13.14.15.Destinationwillhavebeenreached10hourslater.16.Theprojectwouldhavebeenfinishedundertremendousefforts.66 新东方学校第3讲谓语动词（语气）3.1陈述语气l陈述事实或提出询问l用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句中Iloveyou.Hecouldswim,buthedidn’tjumpintothewatertosavetheboy.Doyouloveme?Heusedtoswim,butcanhejumpintothewatertosavetheboynow?HowmuchIloveyou!Hejumpedintothewatertosavetheboyeventhoughhecouldnotswim,sowhatabraveboyheis!3.2祈使语气l仅用于祈使句中l提出请求，劝告或命令Run!Shutthewindowbeforeleaving.3.3虚拟语气l虚拟事实l表达愿望，建议或与事实相反的假设等用于状语从句与现在事实相反从句：过去式（be只用were）主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheEarth.与过去事实相反从句：had+done主句：would/should/could/might+havedoneIfIhadgottenthereearlier,Iwould/should/couldhavemether.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.66 新东方学校与将来事实相反从句：过去式/should/wereto+动词原形主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.IfsheweretobetherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.l主句：过去的将来（第3列）l从句：过去（第2列）/过去的过去（第1列）英语时态（8种基本时态+8种复合时态）时间时态过去的过去过去过去的将来现在将来一般did2=diddowoulddo4do1=dodowilldo3进行be(was/were)doing6wouldbedoing10be(am/is/are)doing5willbedoing9hadbeendoing12havebeendoing11wouldhavebeendoing14willhavebeendoing13完成haddone8havedone7wouldhavedone16willhavedone15用于名词性从句表意见、命令、要求的动词/名词+that+(should)+动词原形常用动词advise/suggest/insist/request/require/order/demand/command/decide/ask等Jane’suncleinsistedthatshe(should)notstayinthehotel.Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditions(should)beimproved.ItwassuggestedthatJane(should)haveamedicalexamination.常用名词suggestion/proposal/order/advice/demand等Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)sendafewsoldierstohelpthem.Hemakesthedemandthatshe(should)leavetheplaceatonce.66 新东方学校第4讲非谓语动词非谓语动词作用语态不定式todo表目的主动表将来现在分词doing表伴随主动过去分词done被动4.1不定式to+动词原形l目的：Wecomeheretostudy.l将来：Itisabouttofall.不定式的否定not/never+不定式构成Tellhimnottoshutthewindow.Thedoctorwarnedthepatientnevertoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.4.2现在分词表主动伴随状态Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.Scratchingthecat,theboysmiled.完成时（havingdone）Havingfinishedhisjob,hesleptlikeababy.4.3过去分词表被动伴随状态Scratchedbythecat,theboycried.现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词过去分词语态表主动表被动时间动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生已经完成或没有一定的时间性fallingleaves正在下落的树叶66 新东方学校fallenleaves已经落在地上的树叶4.4逻辑主语一致非谓语动词的逻辑主语要与所修饰部分的主语一致Wecomeheretostudy.Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.Scratchedbythecat,theboycried.66 新东方学校第5讲复杂句（名词性从句）从句=引导词+句子词性从句（按词性）典型成分从句（按语法成分）名词名词性从句主语宾语表语同位语主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句形容词形容词性从句定语定语从句副词副词性从句状语状语从句名词性从句名词性从句语法解释主语从句从句做主语宾语从句/表语从句从句做宾语/表语同位语从句跟在抽象名词后说明其具体内容5.1主语/宾语/表语从句that/whether/if+句子Thatyouarerightisalie.Ibelieve(that)youareright.Itisnotthatyouliedtome.Idon’tknowwhether/ifheistrustworthy.特殊疑问句的陈述语序lwhat:Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.lwhatever:Whateverhedoesisnotmyconcern.lwhich:Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.lwhichever:Idon’tcarewhicheverteamwillwinthematch.lwho:Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.lwhoever:Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelightslwhom:Idon’tknowwhomhegavethatringto.lwhomever:Idon’tcarewhomeverhegavethatringto.lwhere:WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.lwherever:WherevertheEnglisheveningwillbeheldisnotmybusiness.lwhen:Ihateitwhentheyspeakwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.（it是形式宾语）lwhenever:Whenevertheyspeakwiththeirmouthsfulloffoodisapaininmyass.lwhose:Pleasetellmewhoseumbrellathisis.lwhosever:Whoseverumbrellathisisnotmybusiness.lhow:Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.66 新东方学校lhowever:Howeverhebecameawriterishisownsecret.lwhy:Istilldon’tunderstandwhyhechosetobetrayme.否定转移在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。Idon’tthinkhewillseeyou.Wedon’texpectheiscoming.Idon’tbelievehewillgo.5.2同位语从句抽象名词+引导词+同位句l抽象名词概括同位句，同位句解释抽象名词l抽象名词：fact,idea,news,information,order,belief,advice,suggestion引导词thatThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatLakes.Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.HegrabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionthathewasboardingtheTokyoplane.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.引导词whetherif不能引导同位语从句。Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.特殊疑问句引导词what,who,whom,whose,when,where,how,why比较特殊疑问词可引导定语从句以及同位语从句，形式都是：名词+引导词+句子。区分的关键在于：如果名词在语义上等于该句子，即为同位语从句；如果不同，即为定语从句。比如：Idon’tknowthefactwhyhewasagay.和Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewasagay.其中，thefact=whyhewasagay，第一句为同位语从句；thereason≠whyhewasagay，第二句为定语从句。Ihavenoideawhatsizeshewears.Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.66 新东方学校第6讲复杂句（形容词性从句和副词性从句）6.1形容词性从句先行词+关系词+句子关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose+不完整句子It’stheonlyonethatI’veleft.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.关系副词when,where,why+完整句子Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?as指代整句Ashasbeensaid/mentioned/presented/outlined/remarked/discovered/discussed,…Asiswidelyaccepted,…Asisknowntoall,…Asisuniversallyknown,…Asweallknow,…非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与主句关系不紧密，只是补充说明，去掉也可。引导词不用that。l限制性：Theumbrellathatyouareholdingismine.l非限制性：Theweatherturnedouttobefine,whichwasgreat.关系代词的省略做宾语（表语）Youaretheone(that)Iamlookingfor.做主语+进行时态Iappreciatethosemen(whoare)treatingtheirwiveswithcourtesy.做主语+被动语态Ipitythebeggar(whowas)beatentodeath.6.2副词性从句状语从句的类型66 新东方学校时间：Whendrydesertends,thegreengrassgrows.地点：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.原因：Collectingprovidesrelaxationforleisurehours,asjustlookingatone’streasuresisalwaysajoy.目的：Suchaplanshouldbecarriedoutsothatthegoalofeducationcouldbebettermet.结果：Youthissowonderfulthatitisacrimetowasteit.条件；Iftheeconomystilldevelopsatpresentway,theenvironmentwillbegettingworseandworse.让步：Althoughadvertisementsareneverwithoutdisadvantages,theiradvantagescarrymoreweight.比较：Themorewestudy,thebetterweunderstandlife.(The+比较级…,the+比较级…)方式：Ifwecannotdoaswewould,wemustdoaswecan.区分定语从句/状语从句ShallwehaveapartywherewemetlastSunday?Haveyoubeentotheislandwheretherearemanymonkeys?Pleaseputallthesebookswheretheyusedtobe.Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyield.Youcangohomewhenyouhavefinishedyourhomework.状语从句的省略l主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为itl从句的谓语动词是be动词When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.He’llgototheseasideforhisholidayif(itis)possible.I’mtallerthanhe(istall).Thehigherthetemperature(is),thegreaterthepressure(is).If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.Youmustattendthemeetingunless(itis)inconvenienttoyou。As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou"llregret.While(hewas)ayoungboy,hewasalwaysreadytohelpothers.Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.As(shewas)walkingalongtheriverbank,shewassingingapopsong.Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.Hewon"tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.Theconcertwasagreatsuccessthan(itwas)expectedHestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.Hewouldn"tsolvetheproblemevenif(hewere)totakecharge.Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.HehadmasteredtheEnglishlanguagebefore(hewas)intheUSA.66 新东方学校第7讲独立主格7.1独立主格独立主格=（with）+逻辑主语+其他成分l一般用逗号与句子分开l逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，独立存在l简单检验方法：（with）+逻辑主语+be+其他成分不定式表将来Hisfriendstocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.Weshallassembleatten,theprocessiontostartmovingatpreciselyeleven.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.Thetwoboyssaidgoodbyetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotohisfriend’s.现在分词表进行或主动Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublegettingoutoftheforest.Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.Therainhavingstopped,hewentoutforawalk.过去分词表完成或被动Thetestfinished,we’llhaveoursummervacation.Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.“Marquis,”saidtheboy,turningtotheman,hiseyesopenedwideandhisrighthandraised.逻辑主语+名词Manypeoplecometovisitthecity,mostofthemforeigners.IreceivedmanyChristmasgifts,someofthembooks.Hefoughtthewolf,astickhisonlyweapon.Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.逻辑主语+形容词Heturnedtome,hiseyessleepy.Themenmovedslowlyforward,neckdeepinthewater,withtheirofficersguidingthem.Itstoodsilentinthenoonsunlight,itsdooropen.Hecameintotheroom,hisearsredwithcold.逻辑主语+介词短语66 新东方学校Schoolover,weallwenthome.Nobodyin,thethieftookalotofthingsaway.Musicon,Ican’tfocusmymindonthework.MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.Heisstandinginfrontoftheblackboard,hisbacktowardsus.Thehuntersenteredtheforest,guninhand.with/without引导的独立主格Withhissonsodisappointing,theoldmanfeltunhappy.Withhersisterout,shehadtostayathomealone.MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinherhand.Theoldman,withthickglassesonhisnose,isapianist.注意1.在with/without复合结构中，多数情况下with能省略，但without不能省略。Withouthishomeworkdone,Peterwentouttoplay.2.在表示方式的独立主格结构中，往往将其中的冠词或代词都省略。Theguardstoodbythedoor,(a)gunin(his)hand.Shecamein,(a)smileon(her)face.3.独立主格结构中的being如下情况不能省略：lTherebeingTherebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.l逻辑主语是代词ItbeingSunday,alltheofficesareclosed.7.2插入语形容词true,wonderful,excellent,funny,strangetosay,needlesstosay,mostimportantofall,sureenoughTrue,itwouldbetoobad.Wonderful,wehavewonagain.Strangetosay,hehasn’tgotmyletteruptonow.Mostimportantofall,wemustlearnalltheskills.副词66 新东方学校indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally,personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,orratherWhenhegotthere,hefound,however,thattheweatherwastoobad.Otherwise,hewouldstillbeathome.介词短语infact,inone’sopinion,ingeneral,inaword,inotherwords,inafewwords,ofcourse,bytheway,asaresult,forexample,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,inshort,asamatteroffact,inconclusion,inbrief,insum,inthefirstplace,toone"sknowledge/surprise/regret/satisfaction/mind/joy/disappointmentYoucan’twaitanymore,inotherwords,youshouldstartatonce.Onthecontrary,weshouldstrengthenourcorporationwiththem.非谓语动词doinggenerallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking,judgingfromby,talkingof,consideringGenerallyspeaking,theweatherthereisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer.Judgingbyhisclothes,hemaybeanartist.todotobefrank,tobehonest,tobesure,totellyouthetruth,tomakemattersworse,tosumup,tostartwith,tobeginwithTobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.Totellyouthetruth,I’mnotsointerestedinthematter.Tosumup,successresultsfromhardwork.句子主语从句Whatismoreimportant,hediditonpurpose.表态度观点等的主谓短句Iamsure,Ibelieve,Ithink,Iknow,Isuppose,Ihope,I’mafraid,yousee,what’smore,thatistosay,asweknow,asIsee,believeitornotSomeanimalsonlyhalf-hibernate,thatistosay,theirsleepisnotsuchadeepone.Ibelieve,Chinawillcatchupwiththedevelopedcountriessoonerorlater.Hecan’tpasstheexam,becausehedoesn’tstudyhard.What’smore,heisn’tsoclever.66 新东方学校特殊结构doyouthinkWhatdoyouthinkIshoulddofirst?（疑问句原来为倒装语序，插入后成为陈述语序）Whodoyouthinkissinging?（疑问句原来就是陈述语序，不需要做调整）插入语与状语的区别Frankly,he"dliketolistentomusic.（副词作插入语，表示说话人的态度）Hereyoushouldspeakfrankly.（副词作状语）True,yourdaughterisathomenow.（形容词作插入语）Hecameback,hungryandtired.（形容词作状语）Judgingfromwhathesaid,hedoeslookdownhiselderbrother.（现在分词作插入语，其主语不是句中的主语，只是说话者的附加说明）Seeingfromthewindow,hecanseethelake.（现在分词作状语，逻辑主语是句中的主语he）Totellyouthetruth,hedoesn"tquiteagreewiththisidea.（不定式作插入语，动作主体不是句中的主语，只是说话者的附加说明）Tobuythemachine,hewenttoBeijing.（不定式作目的状语，逻辑主语是句中的主语he）66 新东方学校第8讲强调句8.1分列式lItis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分l简单检验方法：删除itis/was…that/who后“被强调部分+其他部分”适当调整语序后仍然成句HemetLiPingyesterday.ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.ItwasLiPingwhohemetyesterday.Hestoletheoldlady’spurse.Itwashewhostoletheoldlady’spurse.Itwastheoldlady’spursethathestole.8.2助动词还原还原助动词do/does/did强调谓语Dositdown.Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.Somepeopledobelievethatnuclearpowerposesathreattotheworldpeace.ShedidrealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.8.3倒装句完全倒装倒装信号词+谓语动词+主语here,there,now,then/out,in,up,down,away等表示运动方向的副词谓语动词常用come,go,be,lie,run,rush等表示来去或状态的动词Awayflewthebirds.Outrushedthechildren.HerecomestheEnglishteacher.注：当主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装，所以只能说Hereshecomes.，而不能说成Herecomesshe.表示地点的介词短语Abeautifullakeliesatthefootofthehill.Atthefootofthehillliesabeautifullake.Alittledogsitsoutsidetheroom.66 新东方学校Outsidetheroomsitsalittledog.Infrontofourhousestandsatalltreewithahistoryof1,000years.某些表语介词短语：AmongthegoodsareChristmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.形容词：PresentatthemeetingwereMr.Whiteandmanyotherguests.现在分词：Standingbesidethebackdoorwasourteacher.过去分词：Seatedonthegrassareagroupofgraduates.部分倒装倒装信号词+一般疑问句的陈述语序+句号only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvetheproblem.OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.Onlyafterhehadspokenoutthelastworddidherealizehehadmadeabigmistake.注：如果only修饰主语，仍用自然语序。Onlyyouaremytruelove.OnlysocialismcansaveChina.否定词/词组never,not,seldom,little,nowhere,innoway,nomore,nolonger,bynomeans,notuntil…,hardly/scarcely/…when…,nosooner…than…,notonly…butalso…NeverhaveIseensuchanidiotlikeyou.SeldomdoIgotothecinema.Notonlyhadhemadeapromise,butalsokeptit.（前倒后不倒）Notuntilhismothercamebackdidhefinishhishomework.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.Nosoonerhadthegamebegunthanitbegantorainheavily.Hardlyhadtheygottothebusstopwhenthebussuddenlypulledaway.so...that.../such...that...SoloudlydidtheytalkthatIcouldn"tfocusonmyresearchreport.SuchaboringlecturewasshegivingthatIleftearlier.though/although/eventhough/evenif引导的让步状语从句UglyasIam,Iamgentle.(AlthoughIamugly,Iamgentle.)Childthoughheis,hehastomakealiving.(Thoughheisachild,hehastomakealiving.)注：若从句的表语是名词，名词前不加任何冠词。if虚拟条件从句中有were/had/shouldWereIyou,Iwouldaskhertomarryme.66 新东方学校HadIgottenthereearlier,Icouldhavemether.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldcancelthematch.8.4其它强调句型very,only,single,suchHowdareyoubuysuchexpensivejewels?Thisistheveryquestionthatdeservescarefulanalysis.ever,never,very,just,badly,highly,reallyIreallydon’tknowwhattodonext.intheworld,onearth,atall等介词短语Whereintheworldcouldhebe?比较状语从句Nothingismoreimperativethantolearnfromthepast.感叹句Howinterestingastoryitis!重复Why!Why!Thecageisempty!反意疑问句Sheisreallybeautiful,isn’tshe?66 新东方学校附录1英语语法基础知识66 新东方学校附录2英语语法体系练习题第1讲习题语法总原则一、单选1.Three___diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeopleC.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples【答案】B【解析】数量词+hundred/thousand/million/billion，用单数形式。2.Eitheryouorthepresidentistohandouttheprizestothesegiftedwinners___atthemeeting.A.formalB.formallyC.friendlyD.deliver【答案】B【解析】句子语法成分完整。缺少的语法成份充当状语，填入副词。3.I,whoamyourclosefriend,___mybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.tryB.tryingC.triesD.playground【答案】A【解析】句子缺少谓语动词，主语是I，一般现在时下应填入系动词am。4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2008___inBeijingofChina,which___knowntousall.A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is【答案】D【解析】主语为复数形式，缺少的谓语动词在一般现在时下应该用are；用hold过去分词形式表被动。5.ThereisalotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep___up.A.cleanB.themC.itD.beautiful【答案】C【解析】动词短语sweepup中间缺少宾语，rubbish是不可数名词，缺少宾语应用单数形式。6.Threemilliontonsofcoal____everyyearinthecity.A.isexploitedB.areexploitedC.hadexploitedD.haveexploited【答案】A【解析】主语为coal，是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。7.StoriesoftheLongMarch____popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.66 新东方学校A.isB.wasC.areD.were【答案】A【解析】主语StoriesoftheLongMarch是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。8.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe【答案】C【解析】此处mathematics为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。9.Bothriceandwheat___growninourcountry.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】B【解析】bothAandB连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用第三人称复数形式。10.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.HaveB.HadC.HasD.Is【答案】C【解析】either是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either保持一致。11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed____goodbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.has【答案】B【解析】what引导主语从句充当句子主语时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。12.Thewholefamily____TVattentively.A.arewatchingB.iswatchingC.isseeingD.areseeing【答案】A【解析】family作为整体概念理解不强调成员时谓语动词要用单数形式。13.Nothingbutseveralglasses____boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.wouldbe【答案】A【解析】主语部分为nothingbutA结构，谓语动词要用单数形式。14.Atthebusstop____asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.wereB.was66 新东方学校C.isD.sits【答案】A【解析】此句为倒装句，句子主语为asoldierandtwoyoungpeople。谓语动词需用复数形式。15.Iflawandorder___,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreservedC.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved【答案】B【解析】lawandorder指代同一个概念，谓语动词需用单数形式。可以类比fishandchips。16.There____littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen【答案】D【解析】therebeA句型中，be动词的选取应与A保持一致。17.Whatsuchasunsetis____strangetousall.A.goingtobeB./C.isD.that【答案】C【解析】由what引导的主语从句谓语动词应该用单数形式。18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface____withwater.A.iscoveredB.iscoveringC.werecoveredD.arecovered【答案】A【解析】句子缺少谓语，主语percent后是不可数名词，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。becoveredwith为固定短语。19.Thefollowing____someothermentaldiseases.A.beingB.areC.wasD.is【答案】B【解析】Thefollowing引导的句子谓语动词须看其后紧接的名词单复数形式。这边diseases是复数形式，相应的谓语动词应该用are。20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI____abletohelphimout.A.areB.isC.amD.were【答案】C【解析】NotonlyAbutalsoB作为主语时谓语动词应考虑就近一致原则。这边I是单数形式。21.TheKites____usastoryofthekite’shistory.A.havetoldB.tellsC.weretoldD.wastold【答案】B【解析】TheKites这边是书名，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。66 新东方学校22.YouandI____twinsisters.A.wereB.areC.isD.am【答案】B【解析】AandB结构做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher____ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.A.aretellingB.istellingC.aregivenD.weregiven【答案】B【解析】主语核心词是ateacher，单数形式。24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbish____overalargeperiodoftime.A.rotsawayB.rotawayC.hasrottedawayD.arerottedaway【答案】B【解析】主语为tons（复数形式），rot为不及物动词不可以用被动形式。25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers____thenewly-builtstadium.A.iscleaningB.arecleaningC.werecleaningD.havecleaned【答案】A【解析】AaswellasB结构中真正的主语是A。这边主语为单数形式的Mayor26.Manyastudent____somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.A.haveknownB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown【答案】A【解析】B主语manyastudent是单数形式。这边语义为学生知主动了解林肯。27.Thedefenseworks____builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.A.wereB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was【答案】D【解析】works在这边是集合名词，当成整体考虑，用法如family。longago为表示过去的一般时间状语。28.—Haveyouallstudiedthepassage“UsingtheMindagainstDisease”?—____.A.NobodyofushasB.NobodyofushaveC.NoneofushasD.Noneofusdid【答案】C【解析】回答句中要与问句时态一致，使用现在完成时态。主语不可用nobodyofus。66 新东方学校29.AgroupofItaliansoldiers____quicklytowardstheirposition.A.wereadvancingB.wereadvancedC.wasadvancingD.advancing【答案】A【解析】agroupof在本句中表示复数概念。advance意为“前进”，使用主动30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung____sportsandgames.A.isenjoyB.wereenjoyingC.enjoysD.enjoy【答案】C【解析】真正主语为不定代词everyone，单数形式。二、翻译1.内裤穿在外面的人都是超人。【参考译文】Anyonewhowearsunderwearoutsideisasuperman.2.学习外语和技能花去我们很多时间。【参考译文】Learningforeignlanguageandskillscostsusmuchtime.3.除了Tom，其他所有的学生都去参加最新的研讨会了。【参考译文】AllthestudentsexceptTomgotothelatestseminar.4.整个家庭都呈现出热闹非凡的氛围中。【参考译文】Thewholefamilyisbustlingwithexcitementandhappiness.5.他和他的老朋友一起出去逛街了。（两种翻译方式：1.and2.togetherwith）【参考译文】Heandhisoldfriendsgoshopping.【参考译文】Hegoesshoppingtogetherwithhisoldfriend.6.桌上有一本字典和几本小说。【参考译文】Thereisandictionaryandseveralnovels.7.中国经济和军事实力的发展让国人引以为豪。【参考译文】Chinesepridethemselvesontheireconomicandmilitarydevelopment.【参考译文】China’sfastdevelopmentineconomyandmilitarybringsmuchpridetoitspeople.8.学生当中没有一个人是很努力学习的。【参考译文】Noneofthestudentsworkshard.9.整个班级在学习上都非常地努力。【参考译文】Thewholeclassworkssohardinstudies.10.体育是人们生活必不可少的一部分。【参考译文】PEisanindispensablepartinpeople’sdailylives.66 新东方学校第2讲习题谓语动词（时态与语态）一、单选1.There____nohospitalsinmyhometownfiftyyearsago.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【答案】D【解析】Therebe句型中要考虑就近一致原则。这边与hospitals搭配2.—Whosingsbestinyourclass?—Jenny____.A.doB.didC.doesD.hasdone【答案】C【解析】回答句的时态应与问句的时态保持一致。Jenny是单数形式。3.—____theyounggirl____theoldmancleanhisroomeveryday?—Yes,shedoes.A.Does;helpB.Has;helpedC.Did;helpD.Do;helps【答案】A【解析】回答句时态与问句时态保持一致。问句中主语为theyounggirl单数形式。4.—CanIgotoBeijingformyholiday,Dad?—Youcanwhenyou____abitolder.A.willgetB.getC.aregettingD.got【答案】B【解析】回答句时态与问句时态保持一致。5.—WhatdoesLindaoftendointheevening?—Sheoften____herhomework,butontheeveningofMarch12she____TV.A.does;watchesB.isdoing;watchedC.does;watchedD.isdoing;waswatching【答案】C【解析】回答句时态与问句时态保持一致。如果句子具体指代某一具体时间需按照具体时间点作为参考点。6.Ourgeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythattheearth____aroundthesun.A.wasmovingB.movedC.hasmovedD.moves【答案】D【解析】表示事实真理时，句子须用一般现在时。66 新东方学校7.Ifhe____harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied【答案】B【解析】If引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。8.—Don’tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.—Iwon’t.Assoonashe____,I’llaskhimtowritetoyou.A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming【答案】C【解析】assoonas引导的从句中用一般现在时表将来。9.—Doyoulikethissilkdress?—Yes,Ido.It____sosoftandcomfortable.A.isfeelingB.feelsC.hasfeltD.isfelt【答案】B【解析】表示感官类动词用主动表被动。10.Oh,it’syou.I’msorryI____knowyou____here.A.don’t;areB.didn’t;areC.didn’t;wereD.don’t;were【答案】C【解析】主句（现在）表示对从句（过去）事情的抱歉，从句中需用一般过去时。11.Mr.LuXundiedin1936.He____alotoffamousnovels.A.wroteB.waswritingC.haswrittenD.wouldwrite【答案】A【解析】鲁迅过去写过很多小说。该句只强调过去写这样一个动作，不强调对现在的影响。12.—Yourtelephonenumberagain?I____quitecatchit.—It’s2567321.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.didn’t【答案】D【解析】刚才没有听懂号码。所以需要填入情态动词过去式。13.—Howwasyourweekendonthefarm?—Great!We____withthefarmers.A.enjoyourselvesB.wentfishingC.willworkD.makefriends【答案】B【解析】过去和农夫门一起钓鱼，回答句中谓语动要用一般过去式。66 新东方学校14.—WhatdidMr.Jonesdobeforehemovedhere?—He____acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.isdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.drives【答案】B【解析】问句中时间状语beforehemovedhere表示过去。回答句与问句时态保持一致。15.Jane____anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai.A.buysB.isbuyingC.boughtD.willbuy【答案】C【解析】when引导的时间状语表示过去。谓语动词需要用过去式。16.—LiuMeican’tcometonight.—Why?Butshe____meshewouldcome.A.tellsB.toldC.istoldD.hadtold【答案】B【解析】回答句表示“过去告诉”这个动作。需要用一般过去时。17.Heturnedoffthelightandthen____.A.leavesB.hasleftC.willleaveD.left【答案】D【解析】连词and连接并列的谓语动词，时态与turned保持一致。18.—Keepquiet,please.They____ameeting.—Sorry.A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad【答案】C【解析】根据语境，主句动作发生在说话者发言的同时。需要用现在进行时。19.—Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.—Really?Where____he____?A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.would;go【答案】B【解析】问句beleaving表示将来。第二句中20.Frank____toseehisgrandmaifhe____freetomorrow.A.willcome;willbeB.comes;is66 新东方学校C.willcome;isD.comes;willbe【答案】A【解析】if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。21.—Howlong____yourfather____theParty?—Formorethantwentyyears.A.has;joinedB.did;joinC.has;beeninD.does;join【答案】C【解析】join是短暂性动词，用于现在完成时不可以和问句中表示一段时间的howlong以及回答句中的for+一段时间连用。22.Mrs.Smith____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband____home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;wouldcomeD.hadleft;came【答案】D【解析】过去完成时表示过去的过去。本句有表示过去的时间参考点：shehadtowait，主句leaveherkeys发生在so引导的从句谓语动作hadtowait之前。until引导的时间状语要用一般时态表示将来。23.—DoyouknowBettyverywell?—Yes,sheandI____friendssincewemetinGuangzhoulastsummer.A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned【答案】C【解析】make/becomefriends都表示交朋友，但是都只强调动作发生的瞬间性。不可与since引导的时间状语连用。24.—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?—Hetoldmethathe____theDisneyWorldthenextday.A.wouldvisitB.hasvisitC.isgoingtovisitD.willvisit【答案】A【解析】整个从句表示过去的概念。对现在没有影响。25.—Theletter____inJapanese.Canyoureadittome?—Withpleasure.A.writesB.wroteC.iswritingD.iswritten【答案】D【解析】书信“由”日语缩写。表被动。26.—Thiskindofricetastesnice.Doyouknowwhereitisgrown?—Yes,it____inSoutheastChina.A.wasgrewB.hasgrownC.isgrownD.isgrowing【答案】C【解析】答句和问句保持时态一致。回答的句子表示客观事实。66 新东方学校27.Insomepartsoftheworld,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served【答案】B【解析】茶被加入牛奶和糖。表被动。28.—Didyouwinthebasketballgame?—Badluck.—Ourteam____inthefinalone.A.wonB.beatC.waswonD.wasbeaten【答案】D【解析】球队被打败。bebeaten.Sth.bewon一般表示荣誉被赢得。29.Thispainting____toamuseuminNewYorkin1977.A.sellsB.soldC.wassoldD.issold【答案】C【解析】本句中sell不表示销售的状态（卖的好与坏），直接强调销售的动作性。故其不能用主动表被动。30.Thetelevision____.Itdoesn’tworknow.A.mustrepairB.wasrepairingC.mustberepairedD.hasrepaired【答案】C【解析】电视机被修理。repair应用被动。二、翻译1.地球围绕太阳公转——这是不可否认的道理。【参考译文】Itcan’tbedeniedthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2.过去人们认为地球是方形、平坦的。【参考译文】Weusedtobelievethattheearthissquareandflat.3.中国将在不久的将来发射登月火箭。【参考译文】Chinawilllaunchitsmoon-landingrocketsinthenearfuture.4.新中国在1949年成立，当时全国人民对未来充满了希望【参考译文】AlltheChinesehadgreathopestowardsthefuturewhenanewChinawasfoundedin1949.5.一些强有力的措施正在被实施以控制高昂的房价【参考译文】Somepowerfulmeasuresarebeingcarriedouttocurbsky-rocketinghousingprices.6.早在几年前，他就已经获得了本科学位等待攻读硕士学位。【参考译文】Heearnedhisundergraduatedegreeyearsagoandwasbusywithpreparingforhismaster’sdegree.66 新东方学校7.到明年的现在，这项宏伟的工程就会被完成了。【参考译文】Themagnificentprojectwillhavebeenfinishedbythistimenextyear.8.人们在1900年的时候还以为电视机远远遥不可及。【参考译文】In1900,theideaofTVwasbeyondpeople’swildestimagination.9.那时，岛屿正受到敌人猛烈的攻击。【参考译文】Atthattime,theislandwasseriouslybeingattackedbyenemies.10.我本应该已经完成自己的家庭作业了。【参考译文】Ishouldhavefinishedmyhomeworknow.66 新东方学校第3讲习题谓语动词（语气）一、单选1.MaybeifI____science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying【答案】C【解析】if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。2.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI___inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall【答案】B【解析】if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。3.Sheinsistedthatshe___illofhimbehindhim,buthedidn’tbelieveit.A.hadn’tspokenB.shouldn’tspeakC.wouldn’tspeakD.notspeak【答案】A【解析】insist表示“坚持说”，不用虚拟语气。speak发生在believe（过去时）之前，用过去完成时。4.Ifmylawyer___herelastSaturday,he___mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented【答案】A【解析】lastSaturday说明句子是对过去的虚拟，从句用had+done，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。5.MaybeifI___science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying【答案】C【解析】句意中if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，用had+done。6.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe___afewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread【答案】A【解析】句子是对过去的虚拟，从句用had+done。7.Ifit___sohard,we’dgototown.A.isn’trainingB.weren’training66 新东方学校C.doesn’trainD.hasrain【答案】B【解析】句子是对现在的虚拟，if引导的从句用过去式。8.I___youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.wouldhaveboughtD.musthavebought【答案】C【解析】句意是对过去的虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。9.IwenttothemeetingyesterdaybecauseI___nothingaboutthediscussionwithoutattendingit.A.didn’tknowB.wouldknowC.knewD.wouldhaveknown【答案】D【解析】句意是对过去的虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。10.Mr.Johnsoninsistedthattheproblemworthyofattention________atthemeeting.A.bediscussedB.discussC.havediscussedD.todiscuss【答案】A【解析】insist表意见，从句用that+(should)+动词原形；问题被讨论，用被动语态。11.Nothingcouldhavesavedhimevenifhe___withoutdelay.A.wouldbetendedB.wastendedC.hasbeentendedD.hadbeentended【答案】D【解析】句意是对过去的虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。12.Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting___offtillnextweek.A.toputB.beputC.shouldputD.wouldbeput【答案】B【解析】suggestion表意见，用名词+that+(should)+动词原形；会议被推迟，用被动语态。13.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you___allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen【答案】C【解析】虚拟句中if省略从句倒装，now表示对现在的虚拟，主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。14.—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables___.A.wouldn"tdieB.didn"tdieC.hadn"tdied66 新东方学校D.wouldn"thavedied【答案】D【解析】句意是对过去的虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。15.Withoutyourhelp,we___thistask.A.don’tfinishB.willnotfinishC.didn’tfinishD.wouldnothavefinished【答案】D【解析】句意是对过去的虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。16.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy___.A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved【答案】A【解析】if虚拟是对过去的虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。17.We_____John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput【答案】D【解析】句意是对过去的虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。18.—Itwasthedrug,notthedisease,thatkilledtheboy.—Hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe___thatdrug.A.nottakeB.shouldn’thavetakenC.didn’ttakeD.hadn’ttaken【答案】D【解析】句中是对过去的虚拟，从句用had+done。19.Ididn’tknowhistelephonenumber.___it,I___then.A.IfIhadknown,wouldringhimupB.ShouldIknow,wouldhaverunghimupC.IfIknew;wouldringhimupD.HadIknown;wouldhaverunghimup【答案】D【解析】句中是对过去的虚拟，从句用had+done，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。20.Thesoldierdiedinthehospital.He___ifthedoctor___onhimtwohoursearlier.A.mightbesaved;operatedB.couldbesaved;hadoperatedC.couldhavebeensaved;hadoperatedD.hadbeensaved;wasoperated【答案】C【解析】句中是对过去的虚拟，从句用had+done，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。21.ItisrequestedthatLiMing____attheclassmeetingonbehalfofus.A.willspeakB.speaksC.wouldspeakD.speak【答案】D【解析】request表要求，从句用that+(should)+动词原形。66 新东方学校22.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe___nothingwrongand___free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.hadone;mustbeset【答案】B【解析】第一个insist坚持的是过去发生的事情，不是虚拟语气，用过去完成时；第二个insist表示的是虚拟，用shoulddo。23.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent___enoughfoodforthepicnic.A.bringB.broughtC.wouldbringD.hadbrought【答案】A【解析】require表要求，从句用that+(should)+动词原形。24.Hedidn’tcomeyesterdayoryou___him.A.wouldseeB.weretoseeC.mighthaveseenD.hadseen【答案】C【解析】句意为对于过去的虚拟语气，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。25.Itwassuggestedyesterdaythatameeting___todiscussthematter.A.willbeheldB.wouldbeheldC.shouldholdD.beheld【答案】D【解析】suggest表意见，从句用that+(should)+动词原形；会议被召开，用被动语态。26.ButfortheleadershipofourPartyandGovernment,we___thesesplendidresults.A.haveachievedB.shouldn’thaveachievedC.shouldhaveachievedD.wouldachieve【答案】B【解析】句意为对于过去的虚拟语气，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。27.He___youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A.mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegivenD.maygive【答案】A【解析】句意为对于过去的虚拟语气，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。28.Ifit___forthesnow,we___themountainyesterday.A.werenot;couldhaveclimbedB.werenot;couldclimbC.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen;couldclimb【答案】C【解析】句意为对于过去的虚拟语气，从句用had+done，主句用would/should/could/might+havedone。29.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI___forher.A.hadtowriteitout66 新东方学校B.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout【答案】C【解析】句意为对于过去的虚拟语气，主句：would/should/could/might+havedone。30.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You___withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed【答案】A【解析】句意为对于过去的虚拟语气，主句：would/should/could/might+havedone，句意为“本可以”。二、翻译1.如果将来每一个人都受教育，公民素质就能得到全面提高。【参考译文】Ifeveryoneweretoreceiveaneducationinthefuture,thequalityofcitizenswouldbeimproved.2.假如没有引力，我们就不可能行走。【参考译文】If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.3.如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。【参考译文】Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropwouldbegrowingstillbetter.4.他带着雨衣以防下雨。【参考译文】Hetookhiscoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.5.如果被及时送进医院，那个受害者本来会有机会活下来。【参考译文】Thevictimwouldhavesurvivedifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.6.如果你早一个小时回家，就不会被大雨淋湿了。【参考译文】Ifyouhadreturnedanhourearlier,youshouldnothavebeencaughtintherain.7.要不是有手机，我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便。【参考译文】Butformobilephone，ourcommunicationwouldnothavebeensoefficientandconvenient.8.空调被建议安装在窗户旁。【参考译文】Itissuggestedthattheairconditionershouldbeinstallednexttothewindow.9.他们要求我下周五前把我借的书换回图书馆。【参考译文】TheyrequestedthatIshouldreturnthebookswhichIborrowedbynextFriday.10.没有地球独特的环境，地球上就没有生命了。【参考译文】Therewouldbenolifeonearthbutforitsuniqueenvironment.66 新东方学校第4讲习题非谓语动词一、单选1.Lookoverthere—there’saverylong,windingpath____uptothehouse.A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead【答案】A【解析】leading作为path的后置定语，与path是主动关系。2.Recentlyasurvey____pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared【答案】B【解析】prices作compare的宾语，是主动形式。3.TsinghuaUniversity,___in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded【答案】C【解析】TsinghuaUniversity与found之间是被动关系，tobefounded不定式表将来。founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成。4.Ismellsomething___inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt【答案】A【解析】smell和burn，这两个动作是同时发生的，表示主动伴随状态。5.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke___frombehindthehouse.A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen【答案】B【解析】rise和see，这两个动作是同时发生的，表示主动伴随状态。6.Passengersarepermitted___onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried【答案】A【解析】permitsb.todosth.，passengers与carry是主动关系。7.___intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.TranslatingB.Translated66 新东方学校C.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated【答案】B【解析】thesentence与translate之间是被动关系。8.Mikefoundhismissingcarinthestreetoutsidehishouse,___newlycleanedandpolished.A.lookedB.tolookC.lookingD.tobelooking【答案】C【解析】looking后的内容表明车子的特性，作伴随状语。9.___in1955,DisneylandinCaliforniaisregardedbymanyastheoriginalfunpark.A.OpenedB.HavingopenedC.OpeningD.Beingopened【答案】A【解析】Disneyland与open之间是被动关系，且开业的事实已经发生。10.HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestars___asacarpenterbefore.A.toworkB.tobeworkingC.tohaveworkedD.tohavebeenworking【答案】C【解析】“做过木匠”这事发生在过去，不定式应当用完成式。11.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice______him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall【答案】A【解析】hear和call，这两个动作是同时发生的，表示主动伴随状态。12.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some___alifespanofaround20years.A.havingB.hadC.haveD.tohave【答案】A【解析】主语bats和have是主动关系，表主动伴随状态。13.Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves___forwords.A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost【答案】B【解析】用过去分词lost作findthemselves的宾语补足语。选B。14.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamisgoingtotouraroundthecity___bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered【答案】C【解析】表示将来用to+动词原形，team和cheer之间是被动关系。66 新东方学校15._______atmyclassmates"faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked【答案】A【解析】look和I之间是主动关系，表示伴随状态。16.Simonmadeabigbamboobox___thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep【答案】D【解析】表目的，用to+动词原形。17.___animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachancetobecomefamous.A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer【答案】C【解析】Andy和offer之间是被动关系。18.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced___people’sconcernoverfoodsafety.A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised【答案】A【解析】表目的，用to+动词原形。19.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself___ofhisowndreams.A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind【答案】C【解析】Michael是被picture提醒的，为被动关系。20.Clairehadherluggage___anhourbeforeherplaneleft.A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked【答案】D【解析】herluggage，和check的关系是被动关系。21.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,___itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade【答案】A【解析】修建公路和方便人们是主动关系。66 新东方学校22.Theability___anideaisasimportantastheideaitselfA.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed【答案】C【解析】表目的，用to+动词原形。23.Theplayers___fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected【答案】C【解析】select修饰players,为被动关系。24.Doyouwakeupeverymorning___energeticandreadytostartanewday?A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt【答案】C【解析】I和feel之间是主动关系，表示伴随状态。25.___aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering【答案】C【解析】主语thetourists与gather之间为主动形式，表示伴随情况。26.Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswife___shehadafall,Mr.Gordonimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay【答案】C【解析】call和say前后动词的动作同时发生，表主动。27.Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,___suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent【答案】A【解析】rescueworkers和working是主动关系，表示伴随状态。28.Istillremember___totheFamenTempleandwhatIsawthere.A.totakeB.tobetakenC.takingD.beingtaken【答案】A【解析】表示目的，用to+动词原形。66 新东方学校29.InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained___abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck【答案】B【解析】游客被困在国外，为被动关系。30.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues___withherstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused【答案】A【解析】colleagues与amuse成被动关系。二、翻译1.医生提醒病人手术后不要吃油腻的食物。【参考译文】Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodafteroperation.2.他们中有些人，生长在乡村，从未看过轮船。【参考译文】Someofthem,bothandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenaship.3.和你相比，我们还有很大差距。【参考译文】Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.4.活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。【参考译文】Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.5.为了救那个孩子，他献出了生命。【参考译文】Tosavethechild,helaiddownhislife.6.很多老年人想避免被子女抛弃，但是往往他们的努力都是白费的。【参考译文】Manyaseniorswantstoavoidbeingabandonedbytheirkids,neverthelesstheirstrikingisinvain.7.花这么多精力在玩电脑游戏上是一种浪费时间。【参考译文】Itisawasteoftimepayingsomuchattentiontoplayingcomputergames.8.国务院出台了一项废除政府官员特权的制度。【参考译文】TheStateDepartmenthasissuedaregulationabolishingthespecialprivilegesforgovernmentofficials.9.在温和的冬天，骨朵在圣诞节开始发芽，这使他们容易受到霜冻的破坏。【参考译文】InmildwintersbudsbegantobreaksoonafterChristmas,leavingthemvulnerabletofrostdamage.10.意识到问题的严重性，他再也没有提过那件事。【参考译文】Realizingtheseriousnessofthisproblem,henevermentionedthatthing.66 新东方学校第5讲习题复杂句（名词性从句）一、单选1Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis____heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why【答案】D【解析】句义：我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家，那就是他一事无成的原因。本文“whichis..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导。2Thereisclearevidence____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.A.whatB.ifC.howD.that【答案】D【解析】句意为：证据表明，所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛。分析句子结构，从句中不错成分，故用关联词that。3Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof____othersactuallyunderstand.A.whyB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】D【解析】句意为：你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反。4____BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom【答案】B【解析】句意：这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。结合句意可知【答案】为A，此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句。5.Theshockingnewsmademerealize____terribleproblemswewouldface.A.whatB.howC.thatD.why【答案】B【解析】由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句，且what在从句中作offer的宾语，故【答案】为A项。6Itwasneverclear____themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.A.thatB.howC.whenD.why【答案】D【解析】句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。It在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why引导的主语从句。7.Twentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteach____toreadfast.A.whatB.who66 新东方学校C.howD.why【答案】C【解析】句子意思：20个学生想要去听旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。根据句子结构可知，thataimstoteach______toreadfirst.是定语从句，修饰先行词class，在此定语从句中，teach后接的宾语从句中缺少表示方式的连接词，故how正确。此处为“连接词+todo”结构。8Whenthenewscame____thewarbrokeout,hedecided,toserveinthearmy.A.sinceB.whichC.thatD.because【答案】C【解析】句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去部队服役。此处的“thewarbrokeout”解释说明thenews的具体内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故为同位语从句，用that连接。9Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence____smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where【答案】C【解析】句意为：现代科技已经给出了充分的证据，表明吸烟可能引起许多疾病。10I’dliketostartmyownbusiness–that’s____I’ddoifIhadthemoney.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what【答案】D【解析】后面从句不完整，do后面缺少宾语，所以要填连接代词what，【答案】D。11Itisstillunderdiscussion____theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.A.whetherB.whenC.whichD.where【答案】A【解析】stillunderdiscussion“还在讨论中”说明“旧中巴车站是否应该被一个宾馆替代”还没决定。且根据后面的whether…ornot也可以做出正确选择。12Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee____useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.A.whoseB.whatC.whichD.that【答案】B【解析】What引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作use的定语。还原句子为“anewinventioncanbeofwhatuse”。13Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious____theproblemitselfis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.why【答案】A【解析】从句中缺表语，排除B和D；又因题目没有给出problem的范围，故选A；句意：在解决问题之前，一定要弄清楚问题是什么。14Weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodon’thave____wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.A.thatB.whichC.what66 新东方学校D.whether【答案】C【解析】空格在句中充当宾语。我们应该尊重食物,考虑那些我们所拥有的东西和认真对待食物的态度。15Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew____shewassoangry.A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why【答案】D【解析】该空引导宾语从句,根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。16Asanewgraduate,hedoesn’tknow____ittakestostartabusinesshere.A.howB.whatC.WhenD.which【答案】B【解析】句意：作为一名新毕业生,他不知道需要什么才能在这里开始经营。空格后的从句中takes是动词,其后缺少宾语,所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。17Somepeopleregard____asadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How【答案】B【解析】句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。从句中缺宾语,只能用B.what来引导.C.中的That引导主语从句不做成分。18—Howaboutcampingthisweekend,justforachange?—OK,____youwant.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever【答案】C【解析】句意：“这个周末野营怎么样,来点新鲜的？”“好啊,按你的意思吧！”根据语境分析出后者支持前面的提出的观点。19Itisuncertain____sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether【答案】B【解析】根据句意：尽管大约有两千名病人服用过这种药物,但是,它会带来什么样的副作用还不确定。sideeffect意思是“副作用”,还原主语从句中的主干是themedicinewillbringabout______sideeffect。故选择what,形容词“什么样的”,起修饰作用。20Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis____shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.A.thatB.howC.whatD.why【答案】A【解析】考查that引导同位语从句的用法。此处that不可以省略。21Thenews____hascausedmanypeopletoselltheirhousesatlowerprices.A.thatB.how66 新东方学校C.whatD.why【答案】A【解析】用“that”引导同位语从句,“房价”译成“housingprice”。22Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof____mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.A.whyB.whatC.howD.which【答案】B【解析】句意应为“在大甩卖开始前,我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”分析句式结构可知,空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语,所以B项结构正确。which引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。23Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknow____.A.heisenteringwhichlaneB.whichlaneheisenteringC.isheenteringwhichlaneD.whichlaneisheentering【答案】B【解析】which引导的句子做know的宾语,句子用陈述语序。24Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon____hegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.A.whatB.whoC.howD.why【答案】B【解析】根据句末的whetherhisfriendsorrelatives可知应是和谁去,故选B。句意为“一个人旅游多么享受很大程度上取决于他和谁去,无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。”25Wehaven’tdiscussedyet____wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where【答案】D【解析】句意：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。干中空格划在动词discuss的后面,因此考查宾语从句,根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语,因此选择D。26IwanttobelikedandlovedforIaminside.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.how【答案】C【解析】我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A,错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。27—Haveyoufinishedthebook?—No,I’vereadupto____thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where【答案】D【解析】Upto为介词结构，后接宾语从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。28—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.—That’s____Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.A.where66 新东方学校B.howC.whenD.what【答案】A【解析】这就是我不同意的地方.agree是不及物动词,所以用where.用表语从句。29PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was____itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether【答案】B【解析】从句不缺成分,因此用that来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。30Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo____ittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever【答案】C【解析】句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵,我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。句中缺少宾语,选项中只有whatever符合句意可引导宾语从句作动词do的宾语并在从句中充当动词taketo的宾语。二、翻译1人民日报报道说我们中国队输了这次比赛。【参考译文】People’sDailyreportedthatourChineseteamhadbeendefeated.2英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。【参考译文】WheretheEnglishEveningwillbeheldhasbeenannounced.3奇怪的是，他们当中的很多人崇拜的是伤害他们的太阳，而不是给予他们唯一生命希望的河流。【参考译文】Whatisstrangeisthatmanyofthemworshipedthesunthatwasharmfultotheminsteadoftheriverthatendowedtheonlylifetothem.4我们必须考虑到的一个事实是：在这家工厂，大部分工人是没有工作经验的年轻人。【参考译文】Thefactwhichweshouldtakeintoconsiderationisthatinthisfactory,mostoftheworkersaretheyoungpeoplewithoutworkingexperience.5所有人都在猜测什么时候新的政策会实施。【参考译文】Allpeopleareguessingwhenthenewpolicywillbecarriedout/implemented.6下一个任务是如何找到解决这个棘手问题的方法。【参考译文】Nexttaskishowtofindthemethodtosolvethetoughproblem.7什么时候要去上海的这个决定现在我们还不知道。【参考译文】Thedecisionwhenwewillgotoshanghaiisstillintheshadow.8问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。【参考译文】Theproblemiswhowecanfindtoreplaceher.9我想知道我是否能从你那里得到一些建议。【参考译文】Iwonderif/whetherIcangetsomeadvicefromyou.66 新东方学校10据说一张纸是不可能被折超过八次的。【参考译文】Itissaidthatonepapercan’tbefoldedmorethan8times.66 新东方学校第6讲习题复杂句（形容词性从句和副词性从句）1.Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandofnature,____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.A.whichB.whoC.where8D.whom【答案】A【解析】who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，修饰先行词Ellen（人名）。Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。2.Weliveinanage____moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich【答案】B【解析】when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词anage（时代）.此处的when=atwhich。3.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,____neededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what【答案】B【解析】指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。4.Salesdirectorisaposition____communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesA.whichB.thatC.whenD.where【答案】D【解析】“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。5.Inourclassthereare46students,____halfwearglasses.A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem【答案】C【解释】本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。6.Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,____hassurprisedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。其余选项与题干不符。7Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,____heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.which66 新东方学校C.whereD.when【答案】B【解析】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。8.Thatevening,____Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when【答案】B【解析】这里thatevening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。9IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without____helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which【答案】B【解析】考察：withone’shelp。10.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks____animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词；先行词指地点，故选where。11.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose____liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。其中those作为先行词，定语从句中缺少lives的定语，故用whose。12.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose____aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为those，指人；定语从句中缺少主语，故使用关系代词who。13.ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina____,heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为passion，定语从句中缺少宾语，故用关系代词which。14.Hewrotealetter____heexplainswhathadhappenedintheaccident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。先判断从句类型为定语从句，定语从句中谓语explain后接what引导的宾语从句作宾语，因此不缺少主干成分，排除B项，答案为C。66 新东方学校15.Hemaywinthecompetition,____heislikelytogetintothenationalteam.A.inwhichcaseB.inthatcaseC.inwhatcaseD.inwhosecase【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。两分句间无连词，故排除B项（不能用作连词，inthis/thatcase用于并列句中）。此处which指代前面主句，inwhichcase引导定语从句用语替代并列句中的inthis/thatcase。句意为：他可能赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话，他就可能进入国家队。16Leaveyourkeywithyourneighbor____youlockyourselfoutoneday.A.aslongasB.eventhoughC.incaseD.asif【答案】C【解析】A项意为“只要”；B项意为“尽管”；C项意为“以防”；D项意为“好像”。根据句意：把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。17.—Coach,canIcontinuewiththetraining?—Sorry,youcan’t____youhaven’trecoveredfromthekneeinjury.A.untilB.beforeC.toconsiderD.unless【答案】C【解析】短语语境表示“抱歉，你不能继续训练因为你膝盖受的伤还没有恢复。”由此可知，空白处后面为原因状语从句，C选项符合题意。因此，正确答案为C选项。18.Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen____therewasnothingayearagobutruins.A.whenB.whereC.beforeD.until【答案】B【解析】此处是where引导地点状语从句，表示“在……地方”。句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。19.Hesmiledpolitely____Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.A.asB.ifC.unlessD.though【答案】A【解析】此处是as引导这个时间状语从句，这里smile和apologize同时进行，as意为：当…的时候。句意：当玛丽为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。20.ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties____getsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.since【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知“除非有来自欧洲联盟的更多的经济支持，否则希腊政府很难克服目前的困难”，只能选择unless“除非”才能使句意完整。考查状语从句的连词题事实上非常简单，只要找到句中的关键词，然后从句意上去排除就行了，本题关键词是hard和morefinancialsupport。21．Youcanborrowmycar____youpromisenottodrivetoofast.A.unlessB.evenifC.incaseD.asloneas【答案】D【解析】句意为只要你保证不开得太快，你就可以把我的车借走。A.unless除非，B.evenif即使，C.incase以防万一，D.aslongas只要。选D。66 新东方学校22.Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you’dbetterstay____youareandwaitforhelp.A.whyB.whereC.whoD.what【答案】B【解释】本题考查地点状语从句。where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，即：你最好呆在你现在所在的地方。故选B。23.Hot____thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.A.althoughB.asC.whileD.however【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。hot是做从句的表语，提前说明从句时倒装，即as引导的让步状语从句中，要将从句中的表语，状语，或动词原形提到as之前，故选B。24.Allthephotographsinthisbook,____statedotherwise,datefromthe1950s.A.unlessB.untilC.onceD.if【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。题干意思是：除过被标明的以外，书中其余所有的图片都可以追溯到20世纪50年代。所填词表条件，从句用了省略句，引导词意思是：除非，如果不，选A。25.—Lookatthoseclouds!—Don’tworry.____itrains,we’llstillhaveagreattime.A.EvenifB.AsthoughC.IncaseD.Ifonly【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句连接词。evenif即便，asthough似乎，incase以防，ifonly要是…多好。26.Ihadhardlygottotheoffice____mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after【答案】A【解析】此题较易。只要辨认出固定句型hardly...when...问题即刻解决。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话让我立刻回家。27.Everythingwasplacedexactly____hewanteditforthegraduationceremony.A.whileB.whenC.whereD.though【答案】D【解析】where引导的地点状语从句28.Idon"tbelievewe"vemetbefore,____Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.A.thereforeB.althoughC.sinceD.unless【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管我一定说你确实看起来熟悉，但我相信我们以前没见过面。根据句意只有although符合题意。66 新东方学校29.Itookmydrivinglicensewithmeonholiday,____Iwantedtohireacar.A.incaseB.evenifC.eversinceD.ifonly【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意：假期时我带上我的驾照，以防万一我想租一辆车。故选A。30.Anyone,once____positiveforH7N9fluvirus,willreceivefreemedicaltreatmentfromourgovernment.A.tobetestedB.beingtestedC.testedD.totest【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。状语从句连词once之后的非谓语动词与主句主语anyone之间为被动关系，故选过去分词。二、翻译1旅游业是一个新兴的行业，它在很多东南亚国家成为经济的主要来源，起着尤为重要的作用。【参考译文】Tourism,whichismaineconomicincomeinmanySoutheastAsiancountries,isanewlydevelopedindustry,playingaveryessentialrolenow.2电视是现代文明的产物之一，它极大地改变了人类的生活方式，在大多数家庭生活中起着越来越重要的作用。【参考译文】TV,whichalterthewaypeoplelive,isanoutcomeofmoderncivilization,havingagreaterinfluenceonmostfamilies.3每一次新学期开始，校长都要强调一个事实，任何做兼职工作的学生会被开除的。【参考译文】Everytimethenewsemesterstarts/initiate,thepresidentswillemphasizethefacethatstudentswhotakepart-timejobwillbefired/sacked.4人们并不是因为做好了自己该做的工作就得到提升，他们得到提升因为自己以一种积极主动地态度来工作。【参考译文】Peopledon’tgetpromotionsjustbecausetheydotheirjobswell,theygetpromotionsbecausetheytakeinitiative.5举世闻名的长城蔓延6320千米，是中国旅游景点中厕所最少的地方。【参考译文】TheworldfamousGreatWall,whichextendstoalengthofmorethan6320kilometersistheplacewherethenumberofbathroomsistheleast.6那些我们曾经喜欢的人现在都成家了。【参考译文】Those(who)welikedhavemarried.7喜欢在家做饭的学生们可以去好几家大型周末市场买显现的水果，与和蔬菜，这些市场的东西比当地的超市更便宜。【参考译文】Studentswhoprefertocookathomecanchoosefromseverallargeweekendmarkets,wherefreshfruit,fish,andvegetablemaybeboughtmorecheaplythanatthelocalsupermarket.8在你能够超越现实，你必须学会如何面对现实。【参考译文】Youhavetolearntohowtofacetherealitybeforeyoucansurpass/overstep/exceedit.9我们不知道在1906年有多少人在地震中失去家园。【参考译文】Wedon"tknowhowmanypeoplein1906losttheirhomesintheearthquake.66 新东方学校10他给我的关于为什么他没有参加会议的理由是他病得很厉害。【参考译文】Thereasonwhyhedidn"tcometothemeetingwasthathegotseriouslyill.66 新东方学校第7讲习题独立主格一、单选1.___,hecan"tgooutforawalkasusual.A.WithsomuchworktodoB.WithsomuchworkdoingC.WithsomuchworkdoneD.Withoutsomuchworktodo【答案】A【解析】with+逻辑主语+动词不定式表示尚未发生的动作。2.Allthings___,theplantripwillhavetobecalledoff.A.beconsideredB.consideredC.consideringD.havingconsidering【答案】B【解析】逻辑主语+过去分词表示被动。3.___,wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway.A.AstherewasnotimeleftB.ThereisnotimeleftC.TherebeingnotimeleftD.Theretobenotimeleft【答案】C【解析】逻辑主语+副词，但therebe结构中being不能省略的情况。4.___yesterday,wewentoutforawalk.A.AsafinedayB.ItwasafinedayC.ItbeingafinedayD.Foritafineday【答案】C【解析】逻辑主语+名词,但若逻辑主语是代词being不能省略的情况。5.Allflights___becauseofthesnow-storm,manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.havingbeencanceledC.hadbeencanceledD.havebeencanceled【答案】B【解析】逻辑主语+过去分词表示被动完成。6.___,I"llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time"spermitting【答案】C【解析】逻辑主语+现在分词表示主动。7.___,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.A.ItbeingfineweatherB.ItfineweatherC.Itwasfineweather66 新东方学校D.Itbeingafineweather【答案】A【解析】逻辑主语+名词,但若逻辑主语是代词being不能省略的情况。8.___,thebusstartedatonce.A.ThesignalwasgivenB.ThesignalgivingC.ThesignalgivenD.Whenthesignalgiven【答案】C【解析】逻辑主语+过去分词表示被动。9.Shestoodthere,___fromhercheeks.A.tears"rollingdownB.tearsrolleddownC.withtearsrolleddownD.tearsrollingdown【答案】D【解析】逻辑主语+现在分词表示主动进行。10.___,Ihadtobuyanewone.A.MydictionarylosingB.MydictionaryhavingbeenlostC.MydictionaryhadbeenlostD.Becausemydictionarylost【答案】B【解析】逻辑主语+过去分词表示被动完成。11.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow___.A.openedB.openC.openingD.toopen【答案】B【解析】with+逻辑主语+形容词表示一种状态。12.___,thehunterwentintotheforest.A.AgunonshoulderB.AgunwasonhisshoulderC.GunonshoulderD.Agunbeingonshoulder【答案】C【解析】逻辑主语+介词短语表示方式的独立主格结构，往往将其中的冠词或代词都省略。13.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips___.A.tremblingB.trembledC.weretremblingD.weretrembled【答案】A【解析】逻辑主语+现在分词表示动作主动进行。14.___,wewillsurelysucceed.A.TheteacherhelpingusB.TheteachertohelpusC.TheteacherwillhelpusD.Withtheteacherhelping【答案】B【解析】逻辑主语+动词不定式表示尚未发生的动作。66 新东方学校15.Withalotofdifficultproblems___,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled【答案】C【解析】with+逻辑主语+动词不定式表示尚未发生的动作。16.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied【答案】D【解析】with+逻辑主语+过去分词表示被动。17.___twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardthisweekend.A.WithB.BesidesC.AsforD.Becauseof【答案】A【解析】with+逻辑主语+动词不定式表示尚未发生的动作。18.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise___.A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togo【答案】A【解析】with+逻辑主语+现在分词表示动作主动进行。19.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent___attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched【答案】B【解析】逻辑主语+过去分词表示动作完成。20.___,wewenthomeinahurry.A.ThemeetingwasoverB.AsthemeetingbeingoverC.BeingoverD.Themeetingover【答案】D【解析】逻辑主语+副词表示独立主格。21.Thesquarelooksfarmorebeautiful___.A.withallthelightsturningonB.allthelightsturningonC.turningonallthelightsD.withallthelightsturnedon【答案】D【解析】with+逻辑主语+过去分词表示被动。22.___,shewenttobedwithgreatsatisfaction.66 新东方学校A.AfteralldoneB.AlldoneC.AllhadbeendoneD.Doingall【答案】B【解析】逻辑主语+过去分词表示被动。23.Hesatlisteningtotheteacher,___.A.openedhismouthB.andopeninghismouthC.withhismouthopenD.hismouthwasopened【答案】C【解析】with+逻辑主语+形容词表示一种状态。24.___,weareallsureofitssuccess.A.WithhetakingchargeoftheworkB.Withhe’stakingchargeontheworkC.HistakingchargeoftheworkD.Withhimtakingchargeofthework【答案】A【解析】with+逻辑主语+现在分词表示主动。25.Alittleboy,___,ranintotheroom.A.withtwoofhisfrontteethmissedB.twoofhisfrontteethweremissingC.withtwoofhisfrontteethmissingD.missedtwoofhisfrontteeth【答案】C【解析】with+逻辑主语+现在分词表示动作主动。26.___thathecouldspeakEnglishverywell,theyallcametopracticeEnglishwithhim.A.HebeingknownB.ItwasknownC.HewasknownD.Itbeingknown【答案】D【解析】逻辑主语+过去分词表示被动，但由于逻辑主语是代词being不能省略的情形。27.Shecameherethismorning,___.A.herboyfriendtojoinhernextmonthB.herboyfriendwouldjoinhernextmonthC.andherboyfriendjoininghernextmonthD.withherboyfriendjoinedhernextmonth【答案】A【解析】逻辑主语+动词不定式表示尚未发生的动作。28.___,thesunshoneagain.A.ThedarkcloudshavingdisappearedB.HavingdisappearedthedarkcloudsC.ThedarkcloudstodisappearD.Withthedarkcloudsdisappeared【答案】A【解析】逻辑主语+现在分词完成时表示动作主动完成。29.___,hehandedittotheteacher.A.ThecompositionwritingB.Havingbeenwritten66 新东方学校C.ThecompositionwrittenD.Afterthecompositionwrote【答案】C【解析】逻辑主语+过去分词表示动作被动完成。30.Theboystoodbeforetheroastedduck,hiseyes___onitandhismouth___.A.werefixed,waswateredB.fixed,wateringC.fixed,wateredD.werefixing,waswatering【答案】B【解析】逻辑主语+过去分词表示动作被动，源于fixhiseyesonsth.；逻辑主语+现在分词表示动作主动，源于mymouthiswatering。二、翻译1.如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。【参考译文】Timepermitting,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.2.他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。【参考译文】Theysaidgoodbyetoeachother,onetogohome,theothertogotothebookstore.3.那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。【参考译文】Anairaccidenthappenedtotheplane,nobodyalive.4.这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。【参考译文】Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.5.没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。【参考译文】Therebeingnofurtherdiscussion,Ideclarethemeetingclosed.6.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。【参考译文】Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.7.开完会后我们都回家了。【参考译文】Themeetingover,allofuswenthome.8.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。【参考译文】Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.9.若条件有利，他或许能成功。【参考译文】Theconditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.10.春天已到，但他们还未做好春播的准备。【参考译文】Springhavingbeenhere,theystillhaven"tgotreadyforseeding.66 新东方学校第8讲习题强调句一、单选1.Try___shemight,Suecouldn’tgetthedooropen.A.ifB.whenC.sineD.as【答案】D【解析】though/although/eventhough/evenif引导的让步状语从句中用部分倒装。2.Onlywhenhereachedthetea-house___itwasthesameplacehe’dbeeninlastyear.A.herealizedB.hedidrealizeC.realizedheD.didherealize【答案】D【解析】only修饰状语从句置于句首主句用部分倒装。3.--It’snice.Neverbefore___suchaspecialdrink!--I’mgladyoulikeit.A.IhavehadB.IhadC.haveIhadD.hadI【答案】C【解析】否定词never置于句首时用部分倒装，且时态上选择现在完成时。4.___astrangeplant!I"veneverseenitbefore.A.WhichB.WhatC.HowD.Whether【答案】B【解析】what修饰名词性成分引出感叹句表示强调。5.John’ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardwork___hasmadehimwhatheistoday.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.that【答案】D【解析】考察itis…that…强调句型。6.--Iseveryonehere?--Notyet.Look,there___therestofourguests!A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming【答案】A【解析】here,there,now,then/out,in,up,down,away等表示时间、地点或运动方向的副词置于句首，且谓语为come/go/run/lie等表示运动或状态的动词时，用完全倒装，且需注意主谓一致。7.Onlyaftertheyhaddiscussedthematterforafewhours___adecision.66 新东方学校A.theyreachedB.didtheyreachC.theyreachD.dotheyreach【答案】B【解析】only修饰状语从句置于句首主句用部分倒装。8.Wasitonalonelyisland___hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】B【解析】考察itwas…that…强调句型。9.Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo___benefitsourworkmost.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what【答案】C【解析】考察itwas…that…强调句型。10.—HaveyouseenthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?—Ofcourse,Ihave.Itwasinourvillage___itwasmade.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which【答案】A【解析】考察itwas…that…强调句型。11.Ifyouhaveajob,___yourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.A.dodevoteB.don’tdevoteC.devotingD.notdevoting【答案】A【解析】还原助动词do强调谓语。12.Welaughatjokes,butseldom___abouthowtheywork.A.wethinkB.thinkweC.wedothinkD.dowethink【答案】D【解析】否定词seldom置于句首时用部分倒装。13.Johnopenedthedoor.There___hehadneverseenbefore.A.agirldidstandB.agirlstoodC.didagirlstandD.stoodagirl【答案】D【解析】here,there,now,then/out,in,up,down,away等表示时间、地点或运动方向的副词置于句首，且谓语为come/go/run/lie等表示运动或状态的动词时，用完全倒装。14.Notuntilhelefthishome___toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.A.didhebegin66 新东方学校B.hadhebegunC.hebeganD.hehadbegun【答案】A【解析】notuntil置于句首的结构中主句用部分倒装。15.AtthemeetingplaceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheJialingRiver___oneofthetenlargestcitiesinChina.A.liesChongqingB.ChongqingliesC.doeslieChongqingD.doesChongqinglie【答案】A【解析】表示地点的介词短语置于句首时用完全倒装。16.Foramomentnothinghappened.Then___allshoutingtogether.A.voiceshadcomeB.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcomeD.didvoicescome【答案】B【解析】here,there,now,then/out,in,up,down,away等表示时间、地点或运动方向的副词置于句首，且谓语为come/go/run/lie等表示运动或状态的动词时，用完全倒装。17.YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,___?A.couldyouB.couldn’tIC.couldn’tweD.couldwe【答案】D【解析】反意疑问句表示强调，前否后肯。18.Itwas___hecamebackfromAfrica___hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.A.when;thenB.not;untilC.notuntil;thatD.only;when【答案】C【解析】考察itwas…that…强调句型。19.Little___aboutherownsafety,thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.A.didRosecareB.RosedidcareC.RosedoescareD.doesRosecare【答案】A【解析】否定词置于句首时用部分倒装。20.—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?—No,nosooner___thanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone【答案】A【解析】考察nosooner…than…部分倒装结构中的时态问题，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。21.Thecomputerwasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly___,butstudentsbecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.66 新东方学校A.savedwasteachers’energyB.wasteachers’energysavedC.teachers’energywassavedD.wassavedteachers’energy【答案】B【解析】考察notonly…butalso…结构中的部分倒装，遵循前倒后不倒原则。22.Sosudden___thattheenemyhadnotimetoescape.A.didtheattackB.theattackdidC.wastheattackD.theattackwas【答案】C【解析】考察so…that…结构中的部分倒装。23.NotuntilIcamehomelastnight___tobed.A.MumdidgoB.didMumgoC.wentMumD.Mumwent【答案】B【解析】notuntil置于句首的结构中主句用部分倒装。24.Unsatisfied___withthepayment,hetookthejobjusttogetsomeworkexperience.A.thoughwasheB.thoughhewasC.hewasthoughD.washethough【答案】B【解析】though/although/eventhough/evenif引导的让步状语从句中用部分倒装。25.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver___MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.A.howB.whichC.thatD.where【答案】C【解析】考察itwas…that…强调句型。26.Itwasannouncedthatonlywhenthefirewasundercontrol___toreturntotheirhomes.A.theresidentswouldbepermittedB.hadtheresidentsbeenpermittedC.wouldtheresidentsbepermittedD.theresidentshadbeenpermitted【答案】C【解析】only修饰状语从句置于句首时主句用部分倒装。27.Notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnew___repairingandcleaningit.A.hestoppedB.didhestopC.stoppedheD.hedidstop【答案】B【解析】notuntil置于句首的结构中主句用部分倒装。28.OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly___howmuchIlovedthem.A.IrealizedB.Ihadrealized66 新东方学校C.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize【答案】D【解析】only修饰状语从句置于句首时主句用部分倒装。29.___thatMariewasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.A.SosuccessfulherbusinesswasB.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.SoherbusinesswassuccessfulD.Sowashersuccessfulbusiness【答案】B【解析】考察so…that…结构中的部分倒装。30.—Howwastheteleviseddebatelastnight?—Super!Rarely___somuchmediaattention.A.adebateattractedB.didadebateattractC.adebatedidattractD.attractedadebate【答案】B【解析】否定词置于句首时用部分倒装。二、翻译1.只有用这种方法才能拯救她的生命。【参考译文】Onlyinthiswaycanwesaveherlife.2.只有当他们回来后，我才知道发生了什么事。【参考译文】OnlywhentheyreturnedhomedidIknowwhathadhappened.3.我们有如此多的作业要做以至于我们没有时间放松。【参考译文】Somuchhomeworkdowehavetodothatwedon’thavetimetorelax.4.Emma是如此的迷人以至于所有人的目光都集中在她身上。【参考译文】SoattractiveisEmmathateveryonefocusestheireyesonher.5.汤姆刚到家电话就响了。【参考译文】HardlyhadTomgothomewhenthetelephonerang.6.学习做饭不仅使孩子们更加独立，给他们一项基本的生活技能，而且还可以让他们远离垃圾食品。【参考译文】Notonlydoeslearningcookingmakechildrenmoreindependent,butalsokeepsthemawayfromjunkfood.7.广告不仅让我们了解最新的产品而且还很有娱乐性。【参考译文】Notonlydoadvertisementskeepusinformedofthelatestproducts,buttheyarealsoentertaining.8.直到最后一刻他才告诉我真相。【参考译文】Notuntilthelastmomentdidhetellmethetruth.9.直到失去健康你才会意识到它的重要性。【参考译文】Notuntilyouloseitwillyourealizetheimportanceofhealth.10.尽管钱很重要，但它买不来幸福。【参考译文】Importantthoughmoneyis,itcannotbuyhappiness.66