英语语法动词篇 12页

总结：动词一．动词的时态一般现在时(TheSimplePresenttense):主语为第三人称单数,谓动要变化,其余人称用原形.一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense):谓动用动词过去式现在进行时(ThePresentContinuousTense):be(am,are,is)+过去进行时(ThePastContinuousTense)：was/were+doing现在完成时(ThePresentPerfectTense):have(has)+过去分词概念：表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态,或表示发生在过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。过去完成时 (ThePastPerfectTense):had+过去分词　概念：表示过去的过去----|--------------|---------|---->过去之前　过去　现在　将来一般将来时(TheSimpleFutureTense)1.will/begoingtodo2.be+todo，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。Wearetohaveanexamthisweek.3.beabouttodo,表示马上做某事,不能与明确表示将来的时间状语连用.HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.二．动词的语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态：一般现在时:be(am/are/is)+p.p.(过去分词)一般过去时:be(was/were)+p.p.一般将来时:willbe+p.p.现在进行时:be(am/are/is)+being+p.p.过去进行时:be(was/were)+being+p.p.现在完成时:have/has+been+p.p.过去完成时:had+been+p.p. 句子成分(MembersofaSentence)句子的组成成分叫句子成分。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。英语五种基本句型列式如下：a：ＳＶ（主＋谓）b：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）c：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）d：ＳＶＯＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）e：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）1主语(Subject)是一个句子中所要表达、描述的人或物，是句子的主体。主语可以是名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词、名词化的形容词和从句等。Tomisinchargeofalimitedcompany.他主管一家有限公司。Igetanidea.我有一个主意。Twoandtwois/arefour.二加二等于四。Whentobeginisnotknownyet.什么时间开始还不知道。Smokingisbadtohealth.吸烟对身体有害。Thewoundedhasbeentakentothehospital.伤员已经送到医院。WhatIknowisimportant.我所知道的很重要。2谓语(Predicate)说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语由谓语动词和其它成分组成。根据动词的结构分为下列五种形式：2-a主语+不及物动词(IntransitiveVerb)不及物动词没有宾语，独立地或和状语一起构成谓语。Italldepends.得看情况而定/再说。Yougrowup.你长大了。Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。WearrivedatBeijingyesterday.我们昨天到达北京。Theyhaveworkedfortreehoursthismorning.他们今早工作了三个小时。Wehavetosurvivewithouthelp.没有帮助地我们必须活下去。Whathappenedtohim?他怎么了？However，wesurvived.不管怎样，我们幸存了下来。2-b主语+系动词(LinkVerb)+表语(Predicative)表语说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。连系动词和表语一起构成句子的谓语。表语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句。Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。Thesedesksareyellow.这些桌子是黄色的。Classisover.下课了。Sheisten.她十岁了。MyworkisteachingEnglish.我的工作是教英语。Thedictionaryisinthebag.词典在书包里面。 Myquestionishowyouknewhim.我的问题是你如何认识他的。2-c主语+及物动词(TransitiveVerb)+宾语(Object)宾语是动作所涉及的对象,或动作的承受者。宾语可以是名词、代词、非谓语动词或从句。Isawacatinthetree.我看见一只猫在树上。Wehelpeachother.我们互相帮忙。Idon’tknowhimverywell.我不太了解他。Iwanttogoshopping.我想去买东西。Ilikereading.我喜欢看书。Hesaidhecouldbehere.他说他会来的。Thechildhasbeenbroughtupbyhisgrandmother.这孩子是由他的奶奶带大的。2-d主语+及物动词+间接宾语(IndirectObject)+直接宾语(DirectObject)有些及物动词要有两个宾语,其中一个宾语指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语。间接宾语一般在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面,但间接宾语前须加to或for。Igavehimabooklastweek.=Igaveabooktohimlastweek.上周我给了他一本书。Hepaidthegirl$100.=Hepaid$100tothegirl.他付给那位姑娘100美元。Mygirlfriendwillbuymeagift.=Mygirlfriendwillbuyagiftforme.我女朋友将给我买一件礼品。Mothermademeabigcake.=Mothermadeabigcakeforme.母亲给我做了一个大蛋糕。Hetoldmethatmycarwasstolen.他告诉我我的车被人偷了。Thebossaskeduswhetherwecouldcompletethetaskontime.老板问我们是否我们能按期完成任务。2-e主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(Complement)有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外，还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语(CompoundObject)。复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，这也是判断是双宾语还是复合宾语的依据。宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词。HerclassmatescallherPanda.她的同学称她为熊猫。Pleasecoloritred.请把它涂成红的。Hemadeuslaugh.他使我们大笑。Wesawhersittingbythelake.我们看见她坐在湖边。Theyaskedmetogowiththemtogether.他们要我和他们一起去。Ihavehadmybadtoothpulled.我(请大夫)拔了我的坏牙。Ifoundthewolfkilled.我发现狼被杀了。Hepushedopenthedoorandwentintothehall.（宾语前，强调thedoor）3.定语(Attributive) 描述事物的性质、特征、范围等情况的词叫做定语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词和从句都可作定语。一般来说，如果定语放在被修饰词的前面叫做前置定语；如果定语放在被修饰词的后面叫做后置定语。Thatisabeautifulflower.那是一朵漂亮的花。Thisismybook,notyourbook.这是我的书,不是你的书。Ihavealotofthingstodo.我有好多要做的事情。Ourcountryisadevelopingcountry.我们的国家是一个发展中的国家。Youmustgiveanswerstothequestionsabove.你必须回答上面的问题。TheTVsetmadeinthatfactoryisverygood.那个工厂生产的电视机很好。Themaninthecarisanimportantperson.汽车里的那个人是个重要的人物。ThemanupstairsisaworkerwhoworksforMr.Jones.楼上的那个人是给琼斯先生干活的工人。4.状语(Adverbial):说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、伴随或程度等情况的词叫状语。名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、介词短语以及从句可以做状语。Wewenttothecountrysidelastyear.去年我们去了乡下。Ioftenreadthenewspaperatnight.我经常在晚上看报纸。Westudyhardforourcountry.我们为我们的国家而努力学习。Igotoschoolonfoot.我步行去上学。I’mlatebecauseImissedthebus.由于误了车,所以我迟到了。Whenhefailedinhisarithmeticexamsinschool,peoplelittlethoughtthathewouldgrowuptobeoneoftheleadingmathematiciansinthecountry.他上学时算数不及格，人们何曾想到他长大后竟会成为全国闻名的数学家。Helayonhisback,histeethset,hisrighthandclenchedonhisbreast,andhisglaringeyeslookingstraightupward.他仰卧着，牙关紧闭，右手紧握按在胸脯上，怒视的眼睛直盯上方。Ihadneverbeforeseenthefeelingofbeingoppressed,burstingforthlikeafire.我从未见过那种被压迫的情感，像火一样地迸发出来。形容词做状语:Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.（主语前）Chen,only14yearsold,haswonherthirdgoldinayear.（主语后）Theymarriedyoung.（动词后）5.同位语Appositive两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位，如果它们所指相同而且句法功能也相同，这种结构叫做同位结构，后项叫做前项的同位语。名词、代词、数词、形容词(词组)、非谓语动词和从句都可以做同位语。ThisismyfriendHarry.这是我的朋友亨利。Weteachersshouldberesponsibleforit.我们教师应对此负责。ThisisMr.Johnson,directorofthehealthcentre.这是约翰逊先生，医疗中心的主任。TheyaregoingtovisitQingdao,asummerresortinnorthernChina. 他们将访问青岛，中国北部的避暑胜地。Wehaveeverythingweneed,land,fundsandtechnology.我们有我们需要的一切，土地，资金和技术。Theplanwascompletedwithinthreemonths,halfoftheusualtime.计划在三个月之内被完成，通常的一半时间。Weboth/all/eachputforwardaproposal.我们两个/都/各自提出了一项建议。Youmayleaveittoustwo/three.你可以把它留给我们俩/仨。People,oldandyoung,likesports.人们，年老的和年轻的，喜欢体育运动。Thesecondisconnectedwiththemainuseofthebody---tosupplytheenergyformovement.其次与身体的主要用途有关系--为活动提供能量。Myjob,lookingafterthesenaughtychildren,isboring.我的工作，照料这些调皮的孩子，是无聊的。AndthefactthatfarmersarealsopaidbytheEUfornotgrowingcropssurprisesmanypeople.同时这个事实使许多人们感到惊奇，即欧盟付钱给农民不种农作物。Wordcamethatourteamwonthefirstprize.消息传来，我们的队已经赢得一等奖。6.插入语(Parenthesis)在句子结构完整的情况下插入的单词、短语或句子，把它去掉后不影响句义。它可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句。Ifsherantowardsthelion,itmightattackher.Worsestill,itcouldevencarryoffthebabyinitsmouth.如果她朝狮子跑去，它可能会咬她。更糟的是，它可能把婴儿叼走。Personally,I’drathergotothecinema.就我个人来说，我宁愿去看电影。Tomyjoy,theplantdidlookexactlylikewhatwewerelookingfor.使我高兴的是，这种植物确实象我们所寻找的。Tospeakfrankly,Idon’tliketheidea.坦白地说，我不喜欢这个主意。Judgingfromwhathesaidtometoday,hismind’smadeup.根据他今天给我所说的来判断，他已经下了决心。Whatdoyouthinkhedidyesterday?你想想昨天他干了什么？Youaresuretogotocollege,Ithink.我想，你肯定能上大学。Onlyonegirlcandrive,namelyBetty.只有一个姑娘会开车，即贝蒂。Inaword,hungeristhebiggestproblemintheworldtoday.总之，饥饿是当今世界的一个大问题。Whatwasworse,thiswinewasnotatallsuitablefordrinkingwithameal.更糟的是，这种酒根本不适合在进餐时饮用。 专题二：完形填空广东最近三年高考自主命题的完形填空命题特点以及实词考查对照表：110adv.624adj.044v.332n.215172206词数数　该文记叙了一位南韩学生初到美国学习时所感受到的文化差异。　该文记叙了阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔决定设立诺贝尔奖金的经过。　该文讲述了并非所有英国神话故事中的仙女都是善良的，有的也很恶毒，常给人们带来痛苦。题材记叙文记叙文记叙文体裁2010年2009年2008年年度►　探究点一:　对名词和动词的考查完形填空主要考查语境，而在通常情况下，只有实词才能较好地体现语境。2008～2010年广东高考英语卷完形填空设空全为实词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词等。一、名词:对名词考查的主要项目是名词意义辨析，此外还有名词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配等。做题时应该注意：1．名词的基本意义以及同、近义名词的区分例(　　)Chineseartshavewonthe________ofalotofpeopleoutsideChina.A．enjoyment　　　　　B．appreciationC．entertainmentD．reputation2．名词与动词的搭配例(　　)Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimesbutitdoesn’tmakeany________tome.A．meaningB．importanceC．senseD．significance3．名词与介词的搭配例(　　)Don’tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin________oflittlechildren.A．handB．reachC．spaceD．distance二、动词:动词是高考考查的热点。命题者通过设置特定的、真实的语境对动词和动词短语的用法进行考查。 做题时应该注意：1．动词的基本意义、引申意义例(　　)ScientistsaroundtheworldhavebeenstudyingthewarningofwatersinthePacificOceanknownasELNino.TheappearanceofELNinoisknownto________theweatheraroundtheworld.A．effectB．affectC．spoilD．heat2．同、近义动词的区分例(　　)FouryearsofstudyinHongKongisnotcheap,costingatleast400,000yuan,butmanytopstudents________scholarships.A．acceptB．receiveC．requireD．request3．动词与介词的搭配例(　　)Amonthago,rightbeforeleavingKennedyAirport,mygrandma________meofthebehaviorofthenativemosquitoesaroundthevisitorslikeme.A．persuadedB．remindedC．warnedD．informed4．动词与名词的搭配例(　　)“Buttheyare________damagetoourhousesandshopsofhistoricalinterest，”saidJohnNorris,oneoftheprotesters.A．doingB．raisingC．puttingD．producing5．动词短语的意义例(　　)…hetoldmeIneededtorelaxbecauseIlookednervous.AfterI________，Iplayedbetter.A．felldown　　　　B．steppeddownC．sloweddown　　　D．calmeddown►　探究点二:　对形容词和副词的考查形容词、副词是高考完形填空重要的考查内容。形容词可以修饰名词。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等。重点掌握以下两类方式副词：(1)由形容词加后缀ly构成的副词，如slowly(慢慢地),politely(有礼貌地),proudly(骄傲地),carelessly(粗心地),properly(适当地，完全地),successfully(成功地),happily(高兴地),angrily(愤怒地),badly(严重地，非常)等。(2)由分词加后缀ly构成的副词，如surprisingly(使人惊奇的是),hurriedly(匆忙地),undoubtedly(无疑，必定)等。做题时应该注意：1．形容词、副词的基本意义、引申意义例(　　)Mr.Smithusedtosmoke________buthehasgivenitup.A．seriouslyB．heavilyC．badlyD．hardly2．同、近义形容词、副词的区别例(　　)Letterboxesaremuchmore________intheUKthanintheUS,wheremostpeoplehaveamailboxinstead.A．commonB．normal C．ordinaryD．usual3．形容词与介词的搭配例(　　)Thismagazineisvery________withyoungpeople,wholikeitscontentandstyle.A．familiarB．popularC．similarD．particular4．动词与副词的搭配例(　　)I________recognizethedifficultsituationthecompanyisin.A．strongly　　　　　B．deeplyC．sincerely　　　　　D．fully【解析】　注意记忆一些常用表达，如deeplyregret深感遗憾；fullyrecognize完全认清；sincerelyhope由衷地希望；stronglyrecommend强烈建议。探究点三:　前制性、后制性和语篇性的设空1．前制性设空：答案由已读过的上文决定　　例1　(　　)Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas________andwhenIwas14hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”A．brightB．uselessC．simpleD．hopeful2．后制性设空：答案由未读过的下文决定例1(　　)LiuMeiisamongthe________ones.TheChineseUniversityofHongKonggrantedLiuafullscholarship—HK$500,000.Notallstudentsaresofortunate.A．poorB．smartC．luckyD．silent高考实例：1.（2011·浙江卷）完形填空记叙类AlthoughIlovemylife,ithasn’tbeenalotoffunasI’vebeenillfor28years.Musichasalwaysbeenagreatloveofmineand,inmy20s,whenmy21wasmoremanageable,I22tenyearsasaprofessionalsingerinrestaurants,playingandsingingfolksongs.23thatwasyearsagoandtimeshavechanged.24Ilivewithmotheronacountryfarm.Twoyearsago,IdecidedthatIwouldneedtohavesomekindofextraworkto25mydisabilitypension(残疾抚恤金).26Ineededtosleepintheafternoons,Iwaslimitedinmy27.IdecidedthatIwouldconsider28tosinginginrestaurants.Myfamilyareallmusicians,soIwas29whenIwentintoourlocalmusicstore.IexplainedthatIwantedtosingagainbutusingrecordedkaraokemusic.IknewthatdiscswereveryexpensiveandIreallydidn’thavealotof30togetstarted.And31youfindonlythreetofoursongsoutoftenonadiscthatyoucan32use.WhenItoldtheowneroftheshopaboutmy33;hegavemealongthoughtful34.“Thismeansalottoyou,doesn’tit?”hesaid.“Comewithme.”Heledme35thecrowdedshopandtoabenchwithalargeprofessional karaokeboxonit.Heplacedhislargehand36onhistreasureandsaid,“Ihave800karaokesongsinhere.Youcantakeyour37andI’llrecordthemforyou.Thatshouldgetyoustarted.”I38.Thankinghim,Imadeatimewithhimtolistentoallthesongsandchoose39thatIcouldsing.Ihavecomefullcirclewithhishelp.His40stillwarmsmyheartandmakesmedojustthatbitextra,whenIhavethechance.21.A.lonelinessB.sadnessC.tirednessD.sickness22.A.setB.enjoyedC.keptD.shared23.A.GladlyB.EventuallyC.UnfortunatelyD.Surprisingly24.A.NowB.ThenC.SometimeD.Meanwhile25.A.adduptoB.makeupforC.getridofD.takeadvantageof26.A.IfB.AsC.ThoughD.Before27.A.movementB.conditionC.choicesD.positions28.A.reachingoutB.livingupC.gettingonD.goingback29.A.recognizedB.interviewedC.foundD.invited30.A.moneyB.timeC.energyD.knowledge31.A.thusB.onceC.seldomD.often32.A.actuallyB.hardlyC.nearlyD.formerly33.A.jobB.familyC.ideaD.offer34.A.faceB.viewC.lookD.sight35.A.overB.alongC.towardsD.through36.A.unhappilyB.lovinglyC.pitifullyD.gratefully37.A.pickB.turnC.roleD.step38.A.hadtocryB.oughttocryC.shouldhavecriedD.couldhavecried39.A.moreB.theonesC.fewD.therest40.A.courageB.devotionC.kindnessD.trust2.（2011·湖南卷）完形填空夹叙夹议类Peopleincommunitieshaveslowlybeenpushedapartthroughtheyears,mostlybecausepeoplesimplyaren’ttakingthetimetosayasimple“hello,”Afterconsideringthisphenomenon,IdecidedIwasgoingto36thewayIwasdoingthings.My37cameonemorningwhenIwasinthecommunitylibrary.Ipassedbyagirlwho38herbooksoutofherlocker.Thinkinglikemostthatsomeoneelsewouldhelpherpickthemup,Icontinuedmyway.However,whenIhadto39becauseIstupidlyforgotmybook,Inoticedshehadjustfinishedpackingthemupbyherselfheonehadstoppedto40her.“OK,”Ithoughttomyself,“thisiswhereIshouldhavechanged.”MybestopportunitycameafewdayslaterwhenIsawaman41byhimselfwaitingforthelibrarytoopen,soIsatdownnexttohimandbegana42.Itwasdifficulttogetstarted,andevenwhenIhadtosaygoodbye,almostevery43frommynewfriendhadatone(语气)ofdoubtinit,Andwhocouldblamehim?Peoplearen’tusedtomakingan44chatwithastranger.Butachange,no matterhow45itisneeded,doesn’tjusthappen.Ittakespeoplelikeustomakeitpossible.I46youtotakeasmallstepoutofyourcomfortzoneandtrytomakesomeone’sdayalittlebrighter,Together,wecanreallymakecome47asawhole.36.A.changeB.explainC.learnD.show37.A.troubleB.doubtC.wishD.opportunity38.A.tookB.droppedC.gotD.pulled39.A.comeoutB.standbyC.gobackD.turnup40.A.pleaseB.greetC.helpD.praise41.A.sittingB.walkingC.ridingD.running42.A.discussionB.lessonC.reportD.conversation43.A.jokeB.responseC.cryD.story44.A.unchangeableB.unpreparedC.unforgettableD.unfinished45.A.desperatelyB.frequentlyC.simplyD.widely46.A.allowB.warnC.orderD.advise47.A.taterB.straighterC.closerD.slower3.(10·重庆)说明类IntroductiontoLetterstoSamDearReader,Pleaseallowmetotellyousomethingbeforeyoureadthisbook.Whenmy36,Sam,wasborn,myheartwasfilledwithjoy.Ihadbeensittinginawheelchairfor20yearsbeforethen,andIhavebeen37illmanytimes.SoIwonderedifIwouldhavethe38totellSamwhatIhad39.ForyearsIhavebeenhostingaprogramonthe40andwritingarticlesforamagazine.Being41tomovefreely,Ihavelearnedtositstillandkeepmyheart42,exchangingthoughtswiththousandsoflistenersand43.SowhenSamwasborn,I44totellhimaboutschoolandfridship,romanceandwork,loveandeverythingelse.That’showIstartedtowritethese45.IhopethatSamwould46themsoonerorlater.However,thatexpectation47whenSamshowedsignsofautism(自闭症)attheageoftwo.Hehadactuallystoppedtalkingbeforethediscoveryofthesigns.He48tocommunicatewithothers,eventhefamilymembers.Thatwas49formebutdidn’tstopmewritingon.IrealizedthatIhadeven50nowtotellhim.Iwantedhimto51whatitmeanstobe“different”fromothers,andlearnhowtofightagainstthemisfortunehe’ll52asImyself,hisgrandfather,did.Ijust53ifIcouldwriteallthatIwantedtosayintherestofmylife.Now,54thebookhasbeenpublished,Ihavebeengiventhechance.EverychapterinthebookisalettertoSam:someaboutmylife,andallaboutwhatitmeanstobea55.DanielGottlieb36.A.sonB.nephewC.brotherD.grandson37.A.seriouslyB.mentallyC.slightlyD.quietly 38.A.abilityB.timeC.courageD.responsibility39.A.writtenB.sufferedC.observedD.lost40.A.radioB.televisionC.stageD.bed41.A.readyB.unableC.anxiousD.eager42.A.warmB.brokenC.closedD.open43.A.hostsB.visitorsC.readersD.reporters44.A.beganB.stoppedC.forgotD.decided45.A.lettersB.emailsC.booksD.diaries46.A.findB.readC.collectD.keep47.A.developedB.disappearedC.changedD.arrived48.A.triedB.refusedC.regrettedD.hoped49.A.excitingB.acceptableC.strangeD.heartbreaking50.A.lessB.everythingC.moreD.nothing51.A.understandB.explainC.believeD.question52.A.fearB.faceC.knowD.cause53.A.feltB.guessedC.sawD.doubted54.A.asB.onceC.thoughD.if55.A.teacherB.childC.manD.writer4.（2011·广东卷）完形填空议论类Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The__1____isbasedonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby___2___situationsthathasdesignedforthe____3___children.Therecanbelittledoubtthat___4____classescanhelpthegiftedchildrentograduateearlierandtaketheirplaceinlifesooner.However,totakethese____5____outoftheregularclasseswascreatedseriousproblems.Iobservedanumberof___6___studentswhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedin___7____class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgment,relying__8___ontheirteachers’directions.Intheregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup,theybegantoreflect___9___onmanyproblems.Someofwhichwerenotontheschoolprogram.Manyareconcernedthatgiftedchildrenbecome___10____andloseinterestinlearning.However,this___11____ismoreoftenfromparentsandteachersthanfromstudents,andsomeofthese___12___simplyconcludethatspecialclassesshouldbesetupforthosewhoare___13___.Sometopstudentsdofeelboredinclass,butwhythey___14_____sogoesfarbeyondtheworktheyhaveinschool.Studieshaveshownthattobeboredistobeanxious.Thegiftedchildwhoisboredisan___15____child.1.A.principleB.theoryC.argumentsD.classification2.A.designingB.groupingC.learningD.living3.A.smartB.curiousC.matureD.average4.A.regularB.specialC.smallD.creative 5.A.childrenB.programsC.graduatesD.designs6.A.intelligentB.competentC.ordinaryD.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.newD.boring8.A.speciallyB.slightlyC.wronglyD.heavily9.A.directlyB.clearlyC.voluntarilyD.quickly10.A.doubtedB.boredC.worriedD.tired11.A.concernB.conclusionC.reflectionD.interest12.A.studentsB.adultsC.scholarsD.teachers13.A.talentedB.worriedC.learnedD.interested14.A.believeB.thinkC.sayD.feel15.A.outstandingB.intelligentC.anxiousD.ordinary