北鼎教育 北外考研英语语法：分词 37页

全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌2014年北鼎教育北京外国语大学英语专业翻译笔记分词起形容词作用的分词（形容词型分词）a.分词作定语的用法1)总的特点分词可以作定语，修饰或是限制一个名词，可以放在它前面，也可以放在它后面。一般说来，简单分词可以放在名词前面，分词短语放在名词后面。a)放在名词前面的分词1/表示动作的分词：一个现在分词或过去分词放在名词前时，可以表示一时的动作，这时它的动词特点胜过形容词特点，相当于一个定语从句Doyouseetherisingsun(=sunwhichisrising)intheeast?Theytriedtosurroundtheretreatingtroops(=troopswhich 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌wereretreating).Theroaringlionfrightenedalltheanimalsinthejungle.Theytriedtodeliverthebesiegedcity(=citywhichwasbeingbesieged).Theserepeatedefforts(=effortswhichwerebeingrepeated)werestillinadequate.Thoseoppressednations(=nationsthatarebeingoppressed)arerisingtoliberatethemselves.2/表示特点的分词：它也可以表示比较长久或永久性的特点。这时它的形容词特点胜过它的动词特点：Germsarelivingcreatures(=notinanimatethings,creaturesthatcanlive).Sheisacharminglady(attractivelady,ladywhocharms 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌others)Theworkingclassesareusuallypoor.Thereweremanyflyingfish.Wewatchedthemovingpictures(=motionpictures)Usedcars(=oldcars,carswhichhavebeenused)arecheaperthannewones/Stolenlove(=Secretlove,lovewhichisstolen),thoughdangerous,tastesexceptionallysweet.Thisprintedmattermaybesentbymail.3/和用作形容词的动名词的差别：用在名词前的现在分词和用在名词前起形容词作用的动名词是有区别的，从意思上、重音上及是否加连字号，都有区别。下面各对句子中，第一句中带-ing词尾的动词为分词，第二句中带-ing词尾的动词为动名词： 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Boilingwater(=Waterthatisboiling)canproduceenormouspower.Waterbeginstoboilattheboiling-point(=pointatwhichliquidboils;而不是pointwhichboils).Heisawalkingdictionary(=dictionarythatcanwalk,learnedman).Hecamewithawalking-stick(=stickforwalking;非stickthatoswalking)Howcleverthatdancingbear(=bearthatisdancing)is!Heisadancing-master(=masterwhoteachesdancing).SomeonesaidmanyyearsagothatChinawasasleepinglion(=lionthatwassleeping).Heisinthesleeping-car(=carforsleeping,而不是carthatissleeping).Runningwateriscleanerthanstagnantwater.Itisarunning-trackforsportsmen. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌4/用作名词的情况和形容词一样，某些分词在加the时（后面不跟名词），可以代表一类人或一种抽象东西：Whicharemorenumerous,thedeadortheliving(=thelivingpeople)Somethingmustbedoneimmediatelywiththewoundedandthedying.Whatshouldwedowiththeoppressed,thedefeatedtheinsultedandtheinjured?Canwesayanythingabouttheunseen(=thethingunseen)andtheunknown(=thethingunknown)?放在名词后的分词放在名词后的分词多数是分词短语，它可以变成一个定语从句（尽管定语从句不一定都能变成分词短语）：1/表示一时动作的分词短语：Thedangerthreateningtheworld(=whichisthreatening 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌thearea)istoomanypeoplewithtoolittlefood.Theylookedonatthecitybeingattackedbytheenemy(=whichwasbeingattackedbytheenemy).Themanbeingfollowedbyguards(=whoarebeingfollowedbyguards)isapartyleader.2/表示长久特点的分词短语：Amanrespectingothers(=whorespectsothers)willberespected.Canyouteachaboyrefusingtobetaught(=whorefusestobetaught)?Itisdifficulttosaveamanenchantedbythebeautyofawoman.Bookscalledthecomics(=thatarecalledthecomics)aresometimesharmfultochildren. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Anybookswellread(=thatarewellread)aregoodbooksandanymenwelltreatedaregoodmen.放在名词后的分词放在名词后的分词多数是分词短语，它可以变成一个定语从句（尽管定语从句不一定都能变成分词短语）：1/表示一时动作的分词短语：Thedangerthreateningtheworld(=whichisthreateningthearea)istoomanypeoplewithtoolittlefood.Theylookedonatthecitybeingattackedbytheenemy(=whichwasbeingattackedbytheenemy).Themanbeingfollowedbyguards(=whoarebeingfollowedbyguards)isapartyleader.2/表示长久特点的分词短语： 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Amanrespectingothers(=whorespectsothers)willberespected.Canyouteachaboyrefusingtobetaught(=whorefusestobetaught)?Itisdifficulttosaveamanenchantedbythebeautyofawoman.Bookscalledthecomics(=thatarecalledthecomics)aresometimesharmfultochildren.Anybookswellread(=thatarewellread)aregoodbooksandanymenwelltreatedaregoodmen.2)名词前作定语的分词a)用在名词前的不及物现在分词名词前的现在分词多数为不及物动词： 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Thetremblingcriminalhunghishead.Doyouseethefloatingbridgethere?Sheisadotingmother.Theexistingsituationwilllastsomeyears.Inthefieldarenoddingtrees,murmuringrivulets,smilingflowers,singingbirds,swimmingducksandplayingchildren.Heisanuncompromisingdiplomat.Itprovesfutileinspiteofalluntiringefforts.Thisuprightmanalwaystakesanunswervingcourse.Itisanunavailingplot.Thereisanundyingfriendshipbetweenthem. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌b)用在名词前的及物现在分词1/意义上的宾语为‘人’的情况：及物动词的分词也可用在名词前面，但它们大多表示情绪。它们的意义上的宾语指一般人或某些人，是不说出的。Itisacharmingstory=Itisastorythatcharmsus(me,youoranyone).Wehaveanencouragingprospect.=Wehaveaprospectthatencouragesus.Thisexcitingexperiencemadehimsleepless.=Thisexperience,whichexcitedhim,madehimsleepless.Itisaninteresting(orsurprising,amazing,moving,entertaining,affecting)story.Hehasapuzzlingproblemtosolve.Intheforesttherehappenedashocking(orfrightening)caseofmurder. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Herfascinatingeyesandhertemptingmouthputyouinareverie.Itisamisleadingstatement,adeceivingpromise.Anunconvincingrumorspreadoverthecity.2/意义上的宾语为‘物’的情况：有少数及物动词的分词，它们的意义上的宾语也不说出，却是指‘物’的，这时要经过琢磨才知道宾语是什么：Itisanarrestingsight(=asightthatarrestssomebody"sattention),animploringlook(=alookthatimploressomebody"shelp),arevealingstory(=astorythatrevealsthingshiddenorkeptsecret),adeservingcause(=acausethatdeservessympathyorhelp).Heisagraspingattorney(anattorneywhoareeagertograspmoney).Aknowingman(=amanwhoknowsallthesecret), 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌anunderstandingman(amanwhounderstandsothers"feelings),aforbiddingheadmaster(=aheadmasterwhoforbidsotherstoapproachortolikehim),alovingfather(=afatherwholoveschildrenorothers),apromisingyouth(ayouthwhopromisestosuceed),adesigningbusinessman(=abisinessmanwhodesignssomeintrigues),anunfeelingjudge(=judgewhofeelsnosympathy),anunforgivingfather(=afatherwhodoesnotforgiveanyfault),anunthinkingplayboy(=aplayboywhodoesnotthinkoftheconsequences)anunsparinghousewife(=housewilfewhodoesnotsparemoney),anunassumingscholar(=ascholarwhodoesnotassumeimportance),anunpretendingmanager(=amanagerwhodoesnotpretendimportance). 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌c)用在名词前的及物过去分词1/一般过去分词：及物动词的过去分词常可用在名词前作它的修饰语。它表示同句谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在被进行的一个动作，也可以表示那时之前一个被动动作的后果：Heisanhonouredabdrespectedprofessor(=professorwhoishonouedandrespected).Weliveinacrowdedarea.Theoppressednatonsarebeginningtorise.Thepersecutedpatriothidhimselfinthejungle.Idrinkboiledwater(=waterthathasbeenboiledbefore,butisnomoreboiledandisfreefromgermsnow).Therearemanytrainednurses(=nurseswhohavebeentrainedbefore,butareefficientnow)inthishospital. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Don"ttreadonthebrokenglass(=glassthathasbeenbrokenbefore,butmayhurtsomebody"sfeetnow).Usedcarscostcheaperthannewones.Therearethousandsofwoundedsoldiersinthislostbattle.Heisaqualifiedteacher.2/已失去动词特点的分词：a/以-en(或-n)结尾的过去分词有不少过去分词已失去动词特点，成为纯粹的形容词，它们有些以-en(或-n)结尾：Hishonestyisaprovenfact.Ilikefrozenfruit.Thisisthetombofforgottenheroes.Howhotismolteniron? 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Itissaidthedevilhasclovenhoofs.Somedrunkensailorsarefightinginthestreet.Doyouseethehiddenmeaningofthisletter?下面词组中也包含这种分词：drivensnow,woventhread,sawntimber,hewntimber,asunkencheek,shrunkenclothes,arottenegg,ashornlamb,agavenimage,aterror-strickenchild,adown-troddenpeople,ill-gottenmoney,aswollenface,acarvenimage,hisbrokenpromise.b/带un-前缀的过去分词："Thatisanunfoundedrumour.""No,itisanundoubtedfact."Thereareunnumbered(oruntold)crimesinthissmallcity.Theenemysuddenlyattackedthisunguardedcity. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Hisunaffected(orunfeigned)mannersmakemelovehim.Arichmanhastohearunearnedpraisefromtimetotime.Whatisthemostimportantthingforanunderdevelopedcountry?Thatisanunheard-of(=extraordinary)caseofmurder.Hebacametheownerofundreamt-ofwealth.Anunlooked-for(=unexpected)lovelettercametomethismorning.Anunwished-for(orunhoped-for)(=undesirable)accidenthappenedtome.Nobodycanstandthisuncalled-for(=unnecessaryandimproper)insult.c/有特别意义的过去分词： 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌有少数过去分词，用做纯粹的形容词时，意思发生一些变化，已不再是做动词时的意思，如动词celebrate表示‘庆祝’，但形容词celebrated却表示‘著名的’：Thisisacelebratedcity.Thisisthemostnoted(=famous)mounaininJapan.Heisaconfirmedpickpocket(=pickpocketwhoisunlikelytobechanged).Heisapast-master(=onewhohasmuchexperience)indeceit.Hewillsufferforhisill-advised(=unwise)action.Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulplaceinmyborndays(=inmylifetime).d/有主动意义的过去分词：大多数过去分词都有被动意思，例如theunforgottenhero的意思是theherothathasbeenforgotten,又如boiledwater的 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌意思是waterthathasbeenboiled.但有少数过去分词却有主动意思，它们甚至起及物动词作用，可以有一个说不出的宾语。例如adrunkensailor意思是asailorwhohasdrunktoomuchliquor.Alearnedscholar(=Ascholarwhohasleanredverymush)usuallylookssilly.Experiencedmen(=Menwhohaveexperiencedalot)inthismatterarenotnumerous.Apractisedman(=Amanwhohasoftenpractiseddoingthis)candomorethanagreenhorn.Thesecultivatedpeople(=Thesepeople,whohavecultivatedtheirminds)aremygoodfriends.Thekingloveshisdevotedsubjects(=hissubjects,whodevotesthemselvestohim).Adissipatedyouth(=Ayouthwhodissipateshistimeandmoney)willruinhimself. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Isacontentedman(=amanwhocontentshimselfwithwhathehas)alwayshappy?Themistakentravellerhashadanarrowescape.d)用在名词前的宾补动词的过去分词某些宾补动词的过去分词可以用在名词前面做定语。这是一类特殊的宾补动词，它们用在下面这类句子中：Theydeclaredhimtobeatraitor.Theyprovedthestatementtobefalse.Heprofessedhimselftobeascientist.下面句子包含了以这类动词作定语的过去分词Thisisthereputedscene(=theplacewhichisreputedtobethescene)ofrobbery.Johnisthesupposedfather(=themanwhoissupposedtobethefather)ofthischild. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Heisanavowedmember(=amanwhohasavowedhimselftobeamember)ofthisparty.Heisaprofessedscientist.Theconfessed(oradmitted)thiefwassenttoprison.e)用在名词前的不及物动词的过去分词有几十个不及物动词的过去分词可用在名词前作定语。它们多数表示一种变化，表示一种完成的动作，一种状态。它们已失去动词的特点，不再有被动意义，几乎成了形容词：Aretiredofficial(=Anofficialwhohasretiredorisretired)livesnextdoor.Heisareturnedstudent(=astudentwhohasreturnedfromabroad).Thedecayedtoothshouldbepulledoff.Amarriedmanismorestableincharacterthanabachelor. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Thousandsofpeoplemournedforthedeceasedactress.Bothfadingandfadedflowerswereblownaboutinthestrongwind.Hereandthereweredecayingordecayedleaves.Weseechangingandchangedmodesoflifeeveryyearandeveryday.下面词组中各包含一个这样的过去分词：abdictedemperor,obsconeddebtor,agedpoet,arrivedguest,assembledcompany,elopedpair,escapedprisoner,failedcandidate,fallenangel,fledrobber,perjuredwitness,travelledwritterdepartedglories,expiredlease,foregoneconclusion,moulderedtemple,risensun,rottenfruit,shrunkenclothes,sunkenrocks,vanishedcivilization,witheredleaves,well-readandwell-behavedyoungman,plain-spokenpolitician,free-spokenman,full-growngirl,full-blownroses 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌3)在名词后作定语的分词分词也可以放在它们所修饰的名词的后面a)简单分词简单分词，不管是现在分词还是过去分词，放在名词后的情况是比较少的，但在下面情况下可以放在名词后面：1/如果它受到强调，感到像一个从句：Iwanttoknowthepersoncoming(=whocomesoriscoming)Whowerethepeopleparticipating(=whoparticipated)?Iwentintotheroomadjoining---andsawsomethingIcan"ttell.Nomanlivingcandothat.Iwenttomeetherattheplaneindicated(=whichhadbeenindicated).Theythrewintoprisonallthepersonsallthepersonssuspected(=whoweresuspected). 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Theprisioneracquittedwenthomedirectly.Thematterbeinginvestgiated(=thatisbeinginvestigated)isamilitarysecret.Theworkbeingdone(=thatwasbeingdone)preventedhisfromgoing.下面词组中各包含一个这样的词Themoneyspent,thedayappointed,thefactalleged,thereasongiven,theplansuggested,thepartyinterested,theguestsinvited.2/如果它用来进行对比：Thevisitorscomingandgoingaresonumerous.Heisapersonreveredandbeloved.Inmanycountries,wordspokenaredifferentfromwordswritten. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌3/如果名词是一个不关紧要的词或被修饰的是一个代词：Thoseremaininghadtowaittwodaysmore.Virtueisathingunseen.Heislikeonecharmed.Allinvolvedwillbesenttojail.Thepointcontrovertedisinsignificant.4/如果名词前有一个形容词最高级或类似的形容词：Thisisthemostdifficultjobknown.HeisthefattestmanlivingThechief(oronly,one)guestinvitedwasme.Thisistheonlychanceleft. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Wewelcomedeveryclient(orallclients)coming.Everymanarrivingreceivedagift.5/如果分词和其他词构成固定词组（短语）：Iwillstayhereforthetimebeing.Wedancedfortwodaysrunning.Theywereatdaggersdrawn.Iknowthebankconcerned.Thevotescastrepresenttheiropinion.Thereis20dollarsremaining.6/如果分词前加so或thus：Fishthus(orso)cookedisdelicous.Moneythus(orso)earnedismoneystolen. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌7/如果分词是某些特定的词（这时分词也可以放在名词前面）：Heisapoetborn(orbornpoet)Heisanovelistbornandbred(orabornandbrednovelist).Anartistbornandbroughtup(orabornandbroughtupartist)mustbedifferentfromanordinaryman.Thetermsabove-metioned(or-cited,-specified,-said,-named)shouldbecarriedout.Thepersonbefore-(orafore-)metioneddiedin1950.Theexpectedvisitorcameintheyearfollowingatthetimeappointed.分词短语1/现在分词短语： 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌现在分词短语必须放在所修饰名词的后面，它相当于一个包含一般时或进行时谓语的从句（完成分词不能这样用）：Itisaquestionpuzzling(=thatpuzzles)manypeople.(带有宾语）（比较：Itisapuzzlingquestion.)Hewasabusinessmangrowing(=thatgrew)richinrecentyears.(带有补语)（比较：Heisagrowingboy.)Thegentlemantalking(=whoistalking)soloudlyismyuncle.(带有副词)（比较：Canyoureadhertalkingeyes?)Theladyvisiting(=whovisited)usfromtimetotimetaughtusFrench.(带有副词短语）Thegirlcomingtolearnmusicisonlysizyearsold.(带有不定式作状语）"Anybodygettingupassoonasthecockcrowswillberewarded,"saidmyfather.(带有状语从句） 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌2/过去分词短语：过去分词短语也必须放在所修饰的名词后面，它相当于一个被包含有被动谓语的定语从句，这个谓语可以是完成时态，也可以是一般时态。若分词是被动进行形式（即由being开头的短语），这个谓语又可以是进行时态。Dogscruellytreated(=whichhavebeencruellytreated)willbevicious.(带有副词）Thewomanabandoned(=whohadbeenabandoned)byherhusbandcalledonmeoneday.（带有副词短语）Idrinkwaterboiled(=whichhasbeenboiled)atleasttenminutes.Bookcalled(=thatarecalled)thecomicsmaybeharmfultochildren.(带有补语）Boysdisciplined(=whoaredisciplined)whentheyareyongwillbecomegoodcitizens.(带有状语从句） 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Ishallstudythesubjectbeingstudied(=whichisbeingstudied)bysomanystudents.(带有being)Thetext-bookbeingused(=whichisbeingused)inthisschoolis"LetUsLearnFrench".c)前面带as的分词连词as可以用在分词前面Thenewsasarriving(=Thenewsasitarrives,Suchnewsasarrives(todayisnotbelievable.(Theremaybedifferentnews).Theresultsasproclaimed(=Theresultsastheyhavebeenproclaimed,Suchresultsashavebeenproclaimed)intoday"snewspaperareencouraging.Hisabilityasdisplayedduringthelastthreemonthswasinadequate.Iwilltellyouastoryastoldbymymother. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌b.作主语补语的分词现在分词和过去分词都可以用在is,was,grow,feel这类系动词后做补语（亦称表语）。由于它们修饰解释主语，可以称作主语补语：Itisinteresting(orcharming,astonishing,exciting).（这些表示情绪的现在分词这里用作纯粹的形容词，尽管看起来像谓语动词，却不是谓语动词。）Hewasinterested(orcharmed,astonished,excited).这些表示情绪的过去分词，这里也是用作纯粹的形容词。）Sheisvery(orgreatly)delighted(ordisgusted,concerned,pleased).(带有表示程度的副词）Hefeltinterested(orcharmed,astonished,excited,annoyed,assured).Heappears(orseems)pretending(orsparing,unthinking,grasping,forbidding).Itlooksdecayed(orwithered,rotten,sunken). 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Heremainsunsatisfied;thematterremainsunsettledanduntouched.Hisillnesscontinuedunchanged.Hebecameexcited(ordiscouraged).Hegotscolded.Hegrewtiredoflife.Thesituationprovesencouraging.c.作宾语补语的分词分词也可用在see,hear,set,make,keep这类宾补动词后，作宾语的补语，修饰或谈及宾语的情况，他们称为宾语补语。它们仍具有动词的特点，可以有宾语、补语及修饰语。另外，如果这些宾补动词表示感官作用，它们可以转变为及物动词，同时现在分词或过去分词可以变成that从句中的谓语动词：Isaw(宾补动词)him（宾语）running（现在分词作宾补）off.(=I 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌saw（及物动词）thathewasrunningorran（谓语动词）off)Ifound(宾补动词)thosepeople（宾语）working（现在分词）hard.(=Ifound（及物动词）thatthosepeoplewereworkingorworked（谓语动词）hard.)Theyheardhersinging.Didyounoticethatfellowstealingit?Isawthethiefcaughtbypolicemen.(=Isawthatthethiefwascaughtbythepolicemen.)Doyourownyourselfdefeated?(=Doyouownthatyouhavebeendefeated?)Hedeclaredhimselfsatisfied.Imustseeeverythingdoneproperly.Ifoundeverythingchanged. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌如果宾补动词不表示感官作用，分词则不能变为that从句中的谓语动词：Helefthischildrenplayinginthestreet.Thejokesetallofthemlaughing.Theymustkeepthepotboiling.Ihavekeptyouwaitingalongtime.Hesenttheballflying.Theycaughthimdoingevil.Ican"tmakemyselfunderstood.Hisactionsmakehimrespected,butnothiswords.Ihaveahousebuiltonthemountain. 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Pleasegetthieluggagecarriedintotheroom.分词也可由being开始：Hewatchedthepicturesbeinghungonthewall.Ifoundmyselfbeinglookedafterbytenservants.(=IfoundthatIwasbeinglookedafterbytenservants.)在某些宾补动词后，现在分词前可加连词as:Hedescribedthecityasexpressingthemodernideaofspeed.HequotedConfuciusassayingthis.Herecordedthemovementasbeginninganewera.Heacceptedmeashavingseenmuchoftheworld.Theresultsshowtheirlessonsashavingbeenneglected.Helookedupontheaccidentasbeingcausedbyagrave 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌misunderstanding.在个别动词的被动结构后也可带as的分词短语：Thestorywastoldashavinghappenedtohimself.Anoldmanwasrepresentedasstandingamonghissons.Iwasgivenadictionaryasbeingthebeststudents.d.作解释性修饰语得分词作为解释性修饰语，它常常放在主语后面或前面，由逗号把它和主语分开，就像一个作状语的分词一样。但是作状语的分词可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步等，可改为一个状语从句，并修饰谓语动词。作解释性修饰语的分词若说明伴随的情况时，不能变为状语从句，这时对主语的说明多于对谓语的说明。对下面两对句子加以比较，就可看出这两种用法的差别：Gaspingandexcited(作状语的分词),Richardarousedsuspicion.(=Becausehegaspedandwasexcited,Richardarousedsuspicion.)Gaspingandexcited(作解释性修饰语的分词),Richardarrivedhome.(Approximately=Richardgaspedandwasexcited 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌whenhearivedhome;或Richardgaspedandwasexcited,andthushearrivedhome.)Notseenbyanyone(作状语的分词),Davidstolethewatch.(=Ashewasnotseenbyanyone,Davidstolethewatch)Notseenbyanyone(),Davidranpast.(Approxinately=Davidwasnotseenbyanyonewhenheranpast;或Davidwasnotseenbyanyone,andthusheranpast.)下面是一些包含有解释性修饰语的句子：Shiveringandgreatlyashamed,Lilianloweredherhead.Starving,Johnwanderedabout.Kneelingandshuttinghereyes,Maryprayedtothegoddess.Bleedingandfainting,hewaitedfortheambulance.Closingthedoor,heshutoutthebeggar.Shoutingaloud,hecalledtome.Walkingalongthebank,thepoetsangasorrowfulsong.Dressedinwhile,shesuddenlyappeared.Supportedbyhissons,theoldmancameout.这些分词放在主语后时最不强调，放在句末时强调意义最明显 全国唯一专注北外考研专业课高端辅导品牌Richard,gaspingandexcited,arrivedhome.David,notseenbyanyone,ranpast.Mary,kneelingandshuttinghereyes,prayedtothegoddess.(只有主语为名词时，分词才可放在它后面，如果是代词，譬如说he,就不能放在这个位置.)