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2013年中考英语语法复习资料15套2013届中考英语语法考点知识复习11

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常见习惯用语(一) 知识概要由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲:Youaresobeautiful这时的答语应该是Thankyou如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲:YourEnglishisverygood这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是Thankyou虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。(二) 正误辨析[误]-WhatcanIdoforyou?-Yes,pleasehelpme[正]-WhatcanIdoforyou?-I"dliketobuyasweater[析]WhatcanIdoforyou?这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。 [误]-Whichcolourdoyoulike?-Sorry,Idon"tlike[正]-Whichcolourdoyoulike?-Ipreferblue[析]由which来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如Yes,Ilikeit[误]Doyouliketocomewithustonight?[正]Wouldyouliketocomewithustonight?[析]Doyoulike…问的是对方的习惯,如:Doyoulikeswimming?Doyoulikecollectingstamps?而wouldyoulike…则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种:Shallwego?我们走吧!Let"sgo?让我们走吧!Howabouthavingacupoftea?喝杯茶如何?Whataboutacupofcoffee喝杯咖啡如何?Whynotbuyit?为什么不买呢?其肯定答语一般为Certainly,Yes,O.K. Allright,Withpleasure[误]Sorry,I"vekeptyouwaiting Notatall[正]Sorry,I"vekeptyouwaitingNevermind[析]"介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如:-Doyoumindmysmokinghere?-_________A. Yes,doitpleaseB. No,ofcoursenotC. Yes,takeitpleaseD. No,youcan"ttakeit这时正确的选择应是B。其意为:不介意,当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而D选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法:DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?Wouldyoumindmailingtheletterforme其答语如果是同意应为:Certainlynot,notatall而不同意时应为Yes,或I"msorry[误]What"sthatman?HeisMike [正]What"sthatman?Heisateacher[正]Who"sthatman?HeisMike(HeisMike"sfather)[析]由what提问是问的职业,由who提问问的是姓名或身份。[误]-Howmucharethey?-Halfakilo,please[正]-Howmanybananasdoyouwant?-HalfakiloPlease[析]Howmucharethey?问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。xkb1.com[误]I"msorry,butisthisthewaytothepark?[正]Excuseme,butisthisthewaytothepark?[析]I"msorry是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而Excuseme是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。[误]-Haveagoodtimetonight!-Youarethesame[正]-Haveagoodtimetonight! -Thesametoyou[析]Thesametoyou是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚,它是美语中的习惯用法。[误]-What"stheproblem?-I"vegotaheadache[正]What"swrongwithyou?I"vegotaheadache[析]What"swrongwithyou?是询问对方身体状态如何,而What"stheproblem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。[误]-Now,I"mbackCanIplay?-PerhapsYou"dbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst[正]-Now,I"mbackCanIplay?-I"mafraidnotYou"dbetterdoyourhomeworkfirst[析]Perhaps是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论,如:AmIright?Perhaps而I"mafraidnot则表达一种不同意的态度。beafraid的几种用法有:I"mafraidthatyouareright其后直接加宾语从句。-Willyoucometomybirthdayparty? -I"mafraidnotIhavetogotoseemyfatherHeisinhospital其后+not,表示否定。-Sorry,Idon"twanttogotherealone,I"mafraidofthedog其后+名词,表示对某人,某物的害怕。Maryisafraidofmakingmistakesintheexam其后+of+动名词,表示害怕做某事。Maryisafraidtoseetheteacherbecauseshedidn"tdowellintheexam其后+不定式,表示不敢去做某事。[误]-Howsoonwillyoubeready?-Twodays[正]-Howsoonwillyoubeready?-Intwodays[析]此题关键是要根据情景,身临其境,要注意的是对方问了什么,就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。Howsoon问的是"还有多久才能作完",这时要用intwodays,即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用Howlong提问,则答语可以用twodays。[误]-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff?-Idon"tmind -MondayandTuesdayofnextweek[正]-WouldyoumindifIhavesometimeoff?-Whenexactly-MondayandTuesdayofnextweek[析]有的对话是复杂的,稍有不慎就有可能选错,而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。Idon"tmind是可以用来回答Wouldyoumind…这一提问的,但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用whenexactly?什么时间,这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。[误]SupposeyournameisTomThephoneringsandyoupickitupThefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Whoareyou?"[正]SupposeyournameisTomThephoneringsandyoupickitupThefirstwordyousaywillprobablybe"Hello?ThisisTomspeaking?"[析]在英语学习中,习惯用法实际上在某种情况,或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析,它们可能都是对的。比如,当你拿起电话时,如果你想知道对方是谁,可以问"Who"sthat(speaking)?"但不要讲"Whoareyou?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"Thisis××××speaking"而不要讲"I"m ××××"也不要讲"Mynameis×××××." 就语法而论,"Whoareyou?""I"m××××""Mynameis ×××××"并不错,也是英语中可用的句子,但就打电话这一场合,就不宜用了。[误]-Doyouthinkit"sgoingtorainovertheweekend?-Idon"thopeso[正]-Doyouthinkit"sgoingtorainovertheweekend?-Ihopenot[析]由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉,如在肯定答语中IthinksoIhopesoIbelieveso是相同的,但在否定句中却常用Idon"tthinkso但Idon"tbelieveso和Idon"thopeso则意为:我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而Ibelievenot和Ihopenot则为:我想可能不会发生吧![误]-Isanybodythere?-No,BobandTomhaveaskedforleave[正]-Iseverybodythere?xkb1.com-No,BobandTomhaveaskedforleave[析]许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前,而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词,用anybody。但是Isanybodythere?在英语中为:这里有人吗?而Iseverybodythere?为:全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。No,BobandTomhaveaskedforleave [误]-Yourhandwritingisverygood!-No,myhandwritingisverypoor[正]-Yourhandwritingisverygood!-Thankyou[析]中国人遇到别人称赞,总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时,就应说:Thankyou又比如中国人见面时常讲Whereareyougoing?或Haveyouhadyourbreakfastyet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话,如:Hello!Howareyougoing?(你过得怎样)Morning!等。而goodmorning和Howdoyoudo则被认为是较正规的问候语,在日常生活中则十分少见。[误]WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay:"ExcusemeI"llgofirst"[正]WhenyouhavehaddinnerwithanAmericanfriendandwanttoleaveyoumaysay:"ExcusemeIhavetogo"[析]这两句答语都是正确的,其关键不是语法,而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲I"llgofirst朋友们会迷惑不解,而Ihavetogo则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去,而你本人则十分不愿做此事。[误]-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight? -I"dliketo,andI"mtoobusy[正]-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-I"dliketo,butI"mtoobusy[析]I"mtoobusy与I"dliketo在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境,更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。[误]-Where"sDeter?-Deterwillcomewithustonightbutheisn"tverysureyet[正]-Where"sDeter?-Determaycomewithustonightbutheisn"tverysureyet[析]由于but所引出的句子可以看出Deter的来与不来是十分不确定的,所以应用may来表达一个不肯定的事件。[误]-Hi,haven"tseenyouforages!Youlookfine!-GreatYoulookwelltoo[正]-Hi,haven"tseenyouforages!Youlookfine!-ThanksYoulookwelltoo[析]要注意的是Great在口语中多表示惊叹,而Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定,要根据情景,身临其境,上下对照,周密思考,弄清场合,注意英美人的风俗习惯,注重语义上的词语辨析,并要进行大量的语言实践练习,扩大实际交际能力。(三) 例题解析1 -Wouldyouliketohavesomerice?-_________.A Yes,IlikeB Yes,pleaseC ofcourseD Yes,Ihave[答案]B.[析]当对方对你发出邀请的问语时,如果你想接受则讲Yes,please如不想接受则用No,thanks2 -Nicetoseeyou-_________.A GoodmorningB Happytomeetyou,tooC Nicetoseeyou,tooD Pleasedtomeetyou,too[答案]C.[析]虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语,但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话,以表达同样的心情。 3 -Wouldyoupleasegivemesomewater?-_________.A Yes,IwouldB CertainlyC No,thanksD Yes,please[答案]B.[析]当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时,一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes,please为"是的,您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。4 -Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme-_________.A You"rewelcomeB Itdoesn"tmatterC NoneedD Don"tsaythat[答案]A.[析]You"rewelcome译为中文为:不用谢。而Itdoesn"tmatter则为:没关系。5 -Hello,LucyHowareyou?-_________Andyou? A Fine,thanksB Yes,IamC GladtomeetyouD Goodafternoon[答案]A.[析]在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对Howareyou?的答语应为"很好,谢谢!"6 -Helpyourselftosomemeat-_________A Itsoundsnice.B Yes,please.C Yes,Let"shelpeachother.D Thankyou.[答案]D.[析]Helpyourselftosomemeat.你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气,像在家里一样。7 -Oh,IamnotfeelingwellI"vegotacold-_________A Fine,Howareyou?B NevermindTakecareC Well,I"msuretogetweelsoon.D I"msorrytohearthat [答案]D.[析]这是美国、英国的习惯用语,而B、C则是中国人常讲的答语。8 -MeimeiyouspeakEnglishverywell-_________.A No,Idon"tthinksoB ThankyouverymuchC NotgoodenoughD That"sallright[答案]B.9 -"Kate,couldyouanswerthetelephone,please?"-_________,MumI"llgetit.A Yes,IcouldB No,thanksC OKD Yes,butIhavenotime[答案]C.[析]要注意could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉,但它不是过去时态,也不是助动词,而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。10 -CouldyoulookafterPollyformewhilewe"reaway?-_________A No,thanks.B Withpleasure.C I"mnotafraid.D I"msureyouwill.[答案]B.[析]Withpleasure是英语中的一句十分客气的答语,用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时,表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。11 -Hello!CouldIspeaktotheheadmaster,please?-_________A Holdon,please.B That"stheheadmaster,please.C Whoareyou?please.D SorryI"mnottheheadmaster.[答案]A.[析]holdon,please是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用that,而要用this,在电话用语中that指对方,this指自己。 12 -Happybirthday!-_________A Thankyou.B Thesametoyou.C Goodluck.D Congratulations.[答案]A.[析]thesametoyou是同样祝贺对方的意思,不能用于生日这一祝贺语,除非两人的生日在同一天。13 -I"msorryIdon"tknowtheway,eitherYou"dbetteraskthatpolicemanforhelp-_________A Goodnight.B That"snothing.C Verywell.D Thankyouallthesame.[答案]D.[析]当向对方求助时,对方无能为力,这时的感谢语则为Thankyouallthesame意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。14 -Ifellandhurtmyleglastweek,SoIcan"tdoanything -_________.A I"msorryB Don"tworryC GoodluckD Badluck[答案]D.[析]如果用A则要用I"msorrytohearthat而不能单用I"msorry因I"msorry是向对方道歉。而badluck为真是不幸啊。15 -_________-IhavegotacoughA What"syourtrouble?B Whathaveyougot?C Whydidyoucomehere?D Haveyougotacough?[答案]A.[析]What"syourtrouble?多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有What"swrongwithyou?16 -Wouldyouliketogoshoppingwithme?-_________A Yes,I"dloveto.B That"sright. C Yes,please.D Quitewell.[答案]A.[析]表示愿意作某事应讲:I"dlovetoI"dliketo17 -What"stheweatherliketoday!-_________A It"sniceforawalk.B Ilikeautumnbestofall.C Itwillbefinetomorrow.D It"srathercoldtoday.[答案]D.[析]本题要注意问的是什么,不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样,所以只能选D18 -IsJanein,please?Iwanttospeaktoher-Sorry,sheisoutYou"dbetter_________.A visitherintheofficeB callherlaterC seeherthisafternoonD speaktoheryourself[答案]B. [析]callherlater晚些时候再来电话。19 -_________-Verywell,thankyou,andyou?A Howdoyoudo?B GoodmorningC Howareyouthesedays?D HowdoyoulikeEnglish?[答案]C.[析]本题是由答语来推断问话,所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯:Howdoyoudo?的答语应为Howdoyoudo?20 -Howisyourmother?-_________A Sheisold.B Sheisnobetterthanshewas.C Sheiskindhearted.D Sheisinherforties.[答案]B.[析]Howisyourmother?问的是你妈身体如何,而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。21 -Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp -_________.A You"rewelcomeB Pleasedon"tC There"snotroubleD No,no[答案]A.22 YourunclehastakenyoutothecinemaAfterwardsyouthankhimHesays"_________."A ItwasnothingB I"mgladyouenjoyeditC Don"tsayitD No,needn"t[答案]B.[析]这是英语的答语,千万不要选A,因它是中文习惯的答语。23 -Thankyouforyourgoodpresent-_________.A It"snotgoodB No,noC MypleasureD Nevermind [答案]C.24 Whensomeonedidagooddeedforyou,youshouldsay_________.A.youaretoogoodB.It"sverykindofyouC.youareverykindD.I"llthankyou[答案]B.25 -IamverysorryIamlatefordinner-_________.A.No,youaren"tB.That"sallrightC.Yes,youareD.No,youdon"t[答案]B.[析]That"sallright没关系。26 -I"msorryifIhurtyou-_________.A I"msorryB It"snottrueC Itdoesn"tmatterD Don"tsaysorryxkb1.com[答案]C.27 -Ishouldhavegonetoseetheexhibitionwithyou -_________.A I"msorryB WhatapityC Itdoesn"tmattertomeD That"sterrible[答案]B.[析]Whatapity.真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。28 -Helpyourselftosomefish-_________.A YouareverykindB Yes,I"mhelpingmyselfC ThankyouD Yes,don"tworryaboutme[答案]C.29 -Areyouready?-______.A I"mverysorryB TrytobepatientC Notyet,waitaminuteD Doyouhavethetime,please?[答案]C.[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K][析]notyet意为还没有完成。30 -Mum,Ihavepassedtheexam-_________. A That"sallrightB CongratulationsC YouareluckD Goodlucktoyou[答案]B.31 -IthinkIhavetoleaveIhopewecangettogetheragain-_________.A AllrightB That"sallrightC OKD Ihopeso,too[答案]D.32 MustIwaittillhecomesback?.A No,youneedn"tB No,youmustn"tC No,youmaynotD No,youcan"t[答案]A.[析]must提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用must,表示必须做,而否定句则要用needn"t表示没有必要做。33 -_________Ipayyouthehouserentrightaway?-Yes,youhavetodoitA ShallB WayC MustD Have[答案]C. 34 -Don"tyouthinkthiscolouristoobright?-_________A Yes,Iagree.B Yes,butIdon"tthinkso.C Yes,ofcoursenot.D Yes,what"swrong?[答案]A.35 -Itwascoldyesterday-_________.A SowasitB SoitwasC IbelievenotsoD Ibelievenot[答案]B.[析]当答语只是重复对方讲的话时,则不用倒装。因soitwas即为:是的,天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时,则要倒装。如:IwenttothecinemayesterdaySodidI表示对方去了电影院,我也去了。36 -Whatdoyouthinkofthesong?-_________.A IlikemusicverymuchB IlikeittooC WithpleasureD Itsoundssweet [答案]D.[析]sound在这里是系动词,为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词,而不要用被动语态。37 Doyouliketeaorcoffee?_________.A Yes,IdoB ThankyouC That"sfineD Eitherwilldo[答案]D.[析]eitherwilldo为两者哪个都可以。38 Ilikeyoursweaterverymuch_________.A No,it"suglyB SorryC ThankyouD You"rewelcome[答案]C.[析]这是英美语言的习惯。39 Helikestravellingbytrain_________.A SodoIB IdosC IlikesoD Ilikeit,neither[答案]A.40 -Howdoyoulikeyourschool? -_________.A IlikeitverymuchB It"sverybeautifulC Idoesn"tlikeitD Verywell[答案]B.[析]Howdoyoulike…是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。41 Whataniceday!_________A You"reright.B No,isn"tit?C Yes,isn"tit?D Really?[答案]C.[析]Yes,isn"tit是的,难道不是个好天气吗?42 -Hello,_________?-ThisisDellaspeakingA WhoareyouB AreyouTomC WhoisthatD Pleasetellmewhoareyou[答案]C.[析]电话用语中that指对方,而this指自己。43 -What"shelike? -_________.A HelikesEnglishB HeisoldC HeislikeafarmerD Heistallandthis[答案]D.[析]要区分What"shelike?如Whatdoeshelike?前者为:他长得什么样?而后者是:他喜欢什么。44 Howdidyoudoyourjob?Notverywell,_________.A I"msureB IamafraidC ThankyouD I"msorry[答案]B.[析]Iamafraid我恐怕是,我想是。45 -_________youraunt?-SheisaprincipalofamiddleschoolA WhatdoesB WheredoesC WhatisD Whomis[答案]C.46 -_________ -HeismybossA What"stheman?B Whoistheman?C Howistheman?D Whatdoesthemando?[答案]B.47 -MayIhaveyourname?-_________.A No,noB You"repoliteC CallmeJohnD It"skindofyou[答案]C.48 -ShallImakecoffeeforyou?-_________.A Yes,thankyouB No,don"ttroubleC Don"ttroublethis,thankyouD No,don"tmakeitxkb1.com[答案]A.49 -CouldyoushowmethewaytoMrBuown"soffice?-_________. A NotatallB I"msureC AllrightD Icandoit[答案]C.50 -Shallwegoswimmingtomorrowafternoon?-_________.A It"sverykindofyouB YouaresothoughtfulC That"sagoodideaD Yes,we"llgo[答案]C.www.xkb1.com