英语语法系列---状语从句 2页

英语语法系列----状语从句一、状语：表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步等情况的句子成分。按以上类别分类：（一）时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。　　连接词：when(当…时候)，while(当…时候)，as(当…时候)，after(在…以后)，before(在…以前)，assoonas(一…就)，since(自从…)，not…until(直到…才),till(直到…才)，bythetime…(到…为止),by….(到….为止)（二）原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。　　连接词：由连词because（因为）,since（既然，由于）,as（由于）引导,也可由for（因为）,nowthat（既然，因为）等词引导。（三）条件状语从句。在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。（另一个动作以此句动作的发生为条件）连接词：if(如果),unless(=if…not)除非,as/solongas,(只要….)(四)目的、结果状语从句。　　目的状语从句连接词：sothat（以便于,为了）,so…that（如此…以便于）,inorderthat（为了）。　　结果状语从句连接词so…that（如此…以便于）,such…that（如此…以便于）,somuch/many…that（如此多的…以便于）。（五）让步状语从句。让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子　　连接词:though(虽然，尽管),although（虽然，尽管），whether…ornot（是否…或….）二、特殊句型（一）特殊引导词：（1）theminute,themoment,theinstant,immediately,(一….就，刚刚….就)eg:Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)themomenttheysawtheguard(保安)（2）nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when(一….就，刚刚….就)，在这些句型中，要用倒装语序。eg:NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.（谓语的一部分had在主语之前---倒装语序）(3)Wherever=nomatterwhere(无论何地)，whenever=nomatterwhen(无论何时)，whatever=nomatterwhat(无论什么)，however(无论怎样，然而)+主语+谓语eg:Whereveryougo,wheneveryougo,whateveryoudo,I’llbe(righthere)waitingforyou.(4)giventhat（既然，由于）,consideringthat（由于,考虑到）eg:Nowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginourconference.(5)onlyif(用于句首,后接从句主谓倒装),(用于句中，后接从句主谓语不倒装)只有当……时候，eg:OnlyifIgetajobwillIhaveenoughmoneytogotoschool.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。IwillhaveenoughmoneytogotoschoolonlyifIgetajob(6)providing/providedthat,(假如,倘若).eg:Ishall/willgoprovidedthatitdoesn"train.假如不下雨我就去。eg:Iwillcomehomeprovidingthatyoucomewithme.假如你和我一起走，我就回家去。(7)incase(that)+句子，=incaseof+单词/短语，（假使，万一…,以防…）eg:Incase(that)heleaves,pleasetellme.如果他离开，请通知我。Taketheraincoatincaseitrains.带着雨衣,以防下雨。(8)evenif,eventhough（即使…）三、辨析（1）becauseof（因为）,后接名词或短语（非句子）；because（因为），后接句子。eg:Becausehewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Becauseofhisillness,hedidn’tgotoschool.(句子，有主谓)（短语，主谓不全）Becauseitrainedheavily,Istayedathome.=Becauseoftheheavyrain,Istayedathome.(下大雨/大的雨)（2）after引导的句子常可改为not…until引导的句子，进行同义句转换。eg:Iwenttobedaftermyfathercamehomelastnight.=Ididn’tgotobeduntilmyfathercamehomelastnight.（3）when,not…until,after,before,if,assoonas,aslongas都可用“主将从现”结构，但前提条件是：从句的动词应该在将来发生，（用一般现在时代替了将来时），主句的动作也应该在将来发生（还是将来时）。如果从句的动作不是发生在将来，那就不能用“主将从现’结构。练习：1Ifhe_______(study)harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.2IwillgoswimmingwithyouifI______(be)freetomorrow.3Ifyou_________(get)achancetostudyinaforeigncountry,justtakeit. 4Don’tleaveuntilhe___back.（come）。5“Shallwehavethevolleyballmatchtomorrow?”“Oh,itwillbeputoffifit____.(snow)6－Tellhimaboutthenewswhenhe____(come),John.－Yes,Iwill.8Pleasedon’tleaveuntilyourteacher_____(come)back.9Iwantedtoknowifthere___asportsmeetingnextmonth.（4）inorderto+动词（dosth）=inorderthat+句子（为了…..,目的是……）eg:Igotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlybus.=IgotupearlyinorderthatIcouldcatchtheearlybus.(5)so+adj/adv+that+句子…..如此的/地…..以至于……..sucha/an+名词单数+that+句子=so+adj+a/an+名词单数+that+句子,如此…..的一个……以至于….such+名词复数/不可数名词+that+句子,如此….的….以至于eg；Hewassocleveraboythathewenttocollege.=Hewassuchacleverboythathewenttocollege.四、综合练习：1.Johnshut(关闭)everybodyoutofthekitchen______hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.A.which   B.whenC.sothat       D.asif2.—IsMr.Smithintheoffice?—Yes，________heisinchargeof（负责）theoffice，hemustbethere.A.since             B.however              C.whether             D.for3.Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout___hephones.A.aslongas    B.inorderto   C.incase D.sothat4.Itistenyears________hesmoked.A.that                      B.when           C.since                D.while5.Wemusthurryup________catchupwiththelasttrain.A.that      B.sothatto  C.inorderthat   D.inorderto6.Nomatter________harditmaybe，Iwillcarryitout.（执行）A.what     B.whatever     C.how    D.however7.________youmaydo，youmustdoitwell.A.Which       B.Whenever     C.Whatever         D.When8.--AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoNewYorkfortheholiday?—No.ButifI_____thetime，Iwouldgo.A.have                       B.had          C.havehad                  D.wouldhave9.________youaresoweak，you’dbetterstayathome.A.Since       B.For      C.Because        D.Though10.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose________youlike.A.nomatterwhichever          B.whichever     C.which            D.whatever11.IsawMr.SmithlastSunday.Wehadnotseeneachother_____IleftLondon.A.as    B.before    C.since    D.till12.I’llbebackbeforeyou_____.A.willleave         B.willhaveleft     C.leave         D.wouldleave13.Theywentonworking________itwaslateatnight.(goon继续)A.evenif    B.asif    C.however    D.asthough14.Ihurried________Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.since          B.sothat      C.asif         D.unless15.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit______.A.willrain       B.rains      C.rained         D.israining16.Weshouldfinishtheimportantjob，________.A.longittakeshowever   B.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakes  D.howeverlongittakes17.________comestothepartywillreceiveagift.A.Which       B.Who       C.Whichone      D.Whoever18.Sheiswillingto（愿意）helpyou,________busysheis.A.what        B.how    C.however     D.whatever19.Idon’tcarewhetherhestays________goes.A.nor                 B.then          C.or             D.otherwise20.Whydoyouwanttofindanewjob_you’vegotsuchagoodonealready?A.nowthat  B.where   C.which  D.when21.________heis,hewillbethinkingofyou.A.Wherever      B.Where      C.Nowthat      D.Assoonas22.—ShallBrowncomeandplaycomputergames?—No，________hehasfinishedhishomework.A.when                 B.if            C.unless              D.once23.________youtry，youwillneversucceed.A.If           B.Until      C.Since    D.Unless24.HardlyhadhearrivedinHongkong________sherangmeup.A.when        B.than        C.that     D.and25.________theyheardtheshoutforhelp，theyrushedout.A.Immediately   B.Themoment     C.Alltheabove26.—Theairisfullofsmokeandpeoplearecoughing.—Itwillgetworse________thegovernmentdoessomethingaboutthepollution.A.but                  B.unless         C.except              D.if27.Icame________Iheardthenews.A.until           B.assoonas      C.immediately               D.BandC