牛津小学英语语法复习 5页

牛津小学英语语法复习一、时态1．一般现在时（1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually,often,everyday,sometimes，always,never”等词。（2）基本结构： I/You/We/TheyHe/She/It肯定句（Positive）动词原形（V）动词第三人称单数形式（V+S）否定句(Negative)don’t+动词doesn’t+动词原形一般疑问句(Yes/No)Do…?Yes,Ido.Does…(动词原形)…?No,shedoesn’t.特殊疑问句(wh-)Whatdo…?Howdoesshe…(动词原形)…?(3)动词第三人称单数形式a.Mostverbs+swalk-walksb.Verbsendinginaconsonant+y-y+iesfly-fliesc.Verbsendingins,sh,chorx+eswatch-watchesd.Othersdo-does,have-has,go-goes 2．现在进行时,（1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now,look”.（2）基本形式：be+动词+ingeg:Iam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating.Whatareyoudoing?Ishereading?（3）动词的现在分词形式（do+ing）Mostverbs+ingwalk—walkingVerbsendingine-e+ingcome—comingShortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonantDoubleconsonantrun-runningswim-swimming  3.一般过去时态（1）   表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“lastweek,justnow,yesterday”等词。（2）   be动词的过去式:am/is—wasare—wereI/He/she/itwas(not)….You/we/theywere….一般疑问句was,were放在句首。（3）过去式基本结构肯定句（Positive）动词过去式Iwentshoppinglastnight.否定句(Negative)Didn’t+动词原形Ididn’tgoshoppinglastnight.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did…+动词原形…?Didyougoshoppinglastnight?特殊疑问句(wh-)Whatdid…+动词原形…?Whatdidyoudolastnight?(4)动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+iedstudy—studied,cry-cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+edstop–stoppedplan-planned不规则动词的变化：原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomecamedrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldgrowgrewlearnlearned/learntgetgotknowknew  4．一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow,nextSunday等时间状语连用。结构：begoingto+动词原形例如：I’mgoingtovisitmygrandpanextweek.二、人称代词主格：Iweyousheheitthey宾格：meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词：myouryourherhisitstheir名词性物主代词：mineoursyourshershisitstheirs三、可数名词的复数形式一般名词：+sabook–books辅音字母加y结尾：-y+iesastory—stories以s,sh,chorx结尾：+esaglass—glasses；awatch-watches以o结尾：+s或+esapiano—pianosamango—mangoes以f或fe结尾：-f或fe变为vesaknife–knivesashelf-shelves四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread,rice,water,juice，etc.五、缩略形式I’m=Iamyou’re=youareshe’s=sheishe’s=heis/hehas(got)it’s=itiswho’s=whoiscan’t=cannotisn’t=isnotetcdidn’t=didnotweren’t=werenotwasn’t=wasnotlet’s=letus六、不定冠词a/an单词的第一读音是辅音读音：abook,apeach，a“U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音：anegg，anhour，an“F”七、介词1．表示方位：on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind.，under2．表示时间：at:如：atsixo’clock,atChristmas,atweekendson:如：onMondayon15thJulyonNationalDayin:如：intheeveninginDecemberinwinter八、基数词和序数词 one–firsttwo-secondthree-thirdfive-fifthnine-ninthtwelve-twelfthtwenty-twentieththirty-thirtiethforty-one–forty-firstLesson3---thethirdlesson九、some/any肯定句：Ihavesometoysinmybedroom.一般疑问句和否定句中：Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?Hehasn’tgotanypencilsinhispencil-case.询问想要什么时：Wouldyoulikesomejuice?CanIhavesomestamps?十、be动词(1)  Basicform（基本形式）:am/are/is(2)  肯定和否定句be动词后加not:Iam(not)fromLondon.Myeyesare(not)small.Myhairis(not)long.(3)一般疑问句be动词提前：AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.（4）be动词的过去式：am/is—was,are—were十一、therebe结构肯定句：Thereisa…Thereare…一般疑问句:Isthere…?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn’t.Arethere…?Yes,thereare./No,therearen’t.否定句：Thereisn’t….Therearen’t….十二、祈使句SitdownpleaseDon’tsitdown,please.Let’sgotothepark.十三、(情态)动词can,may,must,should,will后面直接用动词原形。1.I/He/She/Theycansing.MayIcomein?Imustgonow.2.Youshouldbequietinthelibrary.3.You’llbegoodfriends. 十四、“Wh-”questions:What(问什么事,什么物或什么工作)Whatareyoudoing？I’mreading.Whatisthat?It’sabook.Ｗhatisshe?(What’sherjob?)She’sanurse.Whatcolour(问颜色)Whatcolourisyourcoat?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　It’sred.Whattime（时间）Whattimeisit?What’sthetime?It’sseven.Whattime/when(什么时候)Whattime/Whendoyougetup?Igetupatsixthirty.Whenisyourbirthday?It’sonthe21stofDecember.Which（哪一个）Whichisyourwatch,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?Theyellowismine.Who（谁）Whoisthemanwithabignose?He’smyuncle.Whose（谁的）Whosebagisit?Whoseisthisbag?It’shisbag.Where（哪里）Whereismyballpen?It’sunderthebook.Why（为什么）Whydoyoulikesummer?Ilikesummerbecause…Howmany（多少）Howmanybooksarethereintheschoolbag?Therearefourbooksintheschoolbag.Howold（几岁）Howoldistheyoungman?He’snineteen.Howmuch（多少钱）Howmuchisthetoybear?It’selevenyuan.How（怎么样）Howdoyougotoschooleveryday?Igotoschoolbycar.