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2008年成人高考英语语法复习资料1.一般现在时的被动语态: 承受者+be{is/am/are+done(过去分词)by+执行者. E.g.:Manyschoolsarebuilt(done)everyyearinthecity. note:{地点状语,时间状语一般都放在句末;inthecity特指 其中be的使用取决于主语的单复形式。Alotof修饰可数和不可数名词Many修饰可数名词Mach修饰不可数名词主动:Theyallread(原形)Englisheveryday.被动:Englishread(过去分词)byallofthemeveryday. 主动:Motheroftenscolds(责骂)me.被动:Iamoftenscoldedbymother.2.一般过去式的被动语态: 承受者+be{was/were+done(过去分词)by+执行者(不明确可省略)。 E.g.:主动:Herepairedhisbikeyesterday. 被动:Hisbikewasrepairedbyhimyesterday.主动:ChildrencleanedmanystreetslastSunday. 被动:ManystreetswerecleanedbychildrenlastSunday.3.现在进行时的被动语态: 承受者+be{is/am/arebeing(现在分词)doneby+执行者(不明确可省略)。 E.g.主动:Heiswritinghiscomposition.(作文) 被动:Hiscompositionisbeingwrittenbyhim. Note:write/wrote/written4.过去进行时的被动语态: 承受者+be{was/were}being(现在分词)doneby+执行者(不明确可省略)。 E.g.主动:Hewasmajoringcomputerduringhiscollege. 被动:Computerwasbeingmajoredbyhimduringhiscollege.5.将来时的被动语态: 承受者+{begoingto/will/shall(be动词原形)/beto}bedoneby+执行者(不明确时可省略)。 E.g.1Abigsupermarketwill/shall/betobebuiltherenextyear Note:beto:计划或安排好的动作或行为。 E.g.2TheflightistoleaveforHefeicity.6.现在完成时的被动语态: 承受者+have(复数主语)/hasbeendoneby+执行者(不明确可省略) E.g.主动:OurSchoolhasfinishedmanyscientificresearches. 被动:Manyscientificresearcheshavebeenfinishedbyourschool.7.将来时态的被动语态: 承受者+{begoingto/will/shall/beto}havebeendoneby+执行者 E.g.主动:We‘llhavefinishedthebookbytheendofSeptember. 被动:Thebookwill/shallhavebeenfinishedbytheendofSeptember Note:bytheendof短语的用法 (1)Willhavedonebytheendof+将来时态(2)Haddonebytheendof+过去完成时态 E.g.Theprojecthadbeenmadebytheendoflastweek.lookout(for)小心watchout(for)小心 wear(**)out使疲劳;劳累leaveout省去;遗漏;忽略workout(well)很成功;结果是好的turnout生产;证明是putout扑灭;生产;出版;赶走takeout拿出pullout拉出;掏出;拔出;抽出;取出;(车,船)驶出pickout选出;领会;弄明白payout付出;得到报应makeout看清;理解;断定keepout把…挡在外边holdout伸出;支撑;提出handout分发;施舍goout(灯、火)熄灭;(年、月)结束;(衣着)过时;倒塌;罢工carryout(theplan/thepolicy)实施;执行breakout爆发checkout结账离开
giveout发出(气味、热)等;分发;耗尽;疲劳 callout大声叫喊dropout辍学;掉落comeout出来;花开放;出版;得…名次getout(使)出去;逃脱;(消息等)泄露;说出;公布thinkout想出letout泄漏(机密)发出(喊叫)pointout指出blowup告吹;发脾气(风雨)等发生breakup破碎;结束(士气)衰弱;(关系)破裂bringup培养;养育;呕吐callup给…打电话;使人想起comeup走近;发芽;提出来;出现(问题;建议);上楼coverup掩盖;包庇cutup切碎;使…难过getup起床;起立(风、浪)大起来;打扮;安排;组织checkup=checkthrough=checkover核对;检查giveup放弃;把…送交;使埋头于…goup上升;涨价;修建;增长hangup/off挂起;挂断电话holdup举起;竖起;支撑;使停顿;使延误keepup保持;继续(某活动)shutup关门;关在里面;闭嘴lookup抬头看;查阅;看望;(身体)好转makeup弥补;赔偿;编造;组成;虚构pullup拔出;拔掉;使车停住;停车pickup举起;拾起;(身体)好转;中途接入;windup上紧(钟表)发条;使紧张;兴奋;结束putup举起;盖起;支起;张贴;投宿showup=turnup露面takeup着手;占有(时间,空间)turnup出现;放大(灯光,收音机,煤气等)workup激发(情感) wrapup席卷而去;包起来thinkup想出useup用完 makeup化妆;编造saveup节省eatup吃光stayup/situp熬夜不睡觉lightup照亮;(脸上)呈现高兴的情绪lookup抬头看;查找;好转blowoff吹掉;埋怨;炸掉breakoff突然中断;停止;与…断绝关系calloff叫走;取消 carryoff夺走;抢走;获得奖品;叼走comeoff脱落;举行;结果cutoff切下;剪下;切断crossoff/out勾掉;划掉dieoff相继死去falloff跌落;减少;脱落;衰退knockoff撞落;撞倒 getoff下来;下车;脱下(衣服);(飞机)起飞giveoff发出;放出gooff(to…)熄灭;动身去某地;炸锅hangoff/back忧郁;畏缩holdoff推迟;抵挡;不使…接近keepoff避开;防止;挡住leaveoff停止;中断payoff还清;偿还掉putoff推迟;延期shutoff关掉;切断电源takeoff脱下;起飞turnoff关掉;切断;取消wipeoff擦掉;还清(债务)blowdown吹倒;吹落breakdown出故障;失败;崩溃;分解bringdown使下降;使泄气comedown下来;下降cutdown减少开支;砍倒diedown(风、雨、火、植物,浪)平息falldown落下;跌到;倒塌;失败;证明是不行的godown(价格)下降;(日、月)落下;(风、浪)平静;(船)下沉;倒闭handdown递给;传递下来;世代相传holddown制止;控制;缩减putdown写下;记下;镇压;放下shutdown(指工厂)关闭;停工 turndown拒绝;关小;调低takedown记下来;取下来;拆除;咽下let**down使…失望bringabout导致;产生;发生comeabout产生;造成hangabout/around闲逛;逗留;徘徊checkover核对;检查comeover走过来takeover接管;接替;继承thinkover仔细考虑;思考一下turnover翻开;翻身;移交goover越过;细看;复习;转向;被翻倒getover爬过(山、墙);克服(困难、偏见)熬过;从…恢复过来;做完;浏览lookoverone‘sshoulder看过去rollover翻滚;翻身 fallover绊了一跤takeaway拿走getaway(from)逃脱;离开;出发;把…送走;寄走 blowaway吹走;吹散breakawayfrom脱离(政党)等;放弃;打破(陈规) carryaway运走;使失去自制力dieaway(风、声音)减弱giveaway分发;赠送;出卖;放弃(机会)等goaway走开;离去;(岁月)流逝;死去keepawayfrom…使避开;使远离passaway去世;消失;度过putaway把…收起来;存好;放置暂时不用runaway逃走;携带…逃走fadeaway褪色;慢慢褪去washaway洗掉;(洪水)冲垮stayawayfrom离…远点shyawayfrom退出;躲避bringback拿回;使…回想起callback/ringback回电话turnback回来 fightback反击getback回来;恢复;要回;带回putback放回原处;拨回时钟;延期推迟takeback收回kickback踢回payback偿还writeback回信giveback归还;送回;恢复;后退comebacktolife恢复健康lookbackon…回忆;回顾throwback扔回去drawback后退其他常用词组(to为介词)objectto反对attendto办理;处理;注意听;照顾lookforwardto期待;盼望beopposedto反对devote…to贡献给…stickto坚持leadto导致payattentionto注意到berelatedto与…有关belimitedto限制到…beappliedto应用于…referto提到;指的是seeto注意做到;务必做到;负责…turnto翻到;求助于
第一章名词1、名词的数A、常见的不可数名词 1、Fluids(流体): air空气,smoke烟,water水,oil油,ink墨木,juice果汁, rain雨水,tea茶,coffee咖啡,wine酒,beer啤酒 2、Substances(物质): paper纸,glass玻璃,wood木头,iron铁,chalk粉笔, fruit水果,meat肉,beef牛肉,mutton羊肉,chicken鸡肉, sugar糖,salt盐,rice米,sand沙子,dust灰尘, gold黄金 3、Abstracts(抽象名词): health健康,wealth财富,honesty诚实,friendship友谊, wisdom智慧,attention注意力,luck运气,progress进步, work工作,room空间,news新闻,information消息, love爱,trouble麻烦,happiness幸福,silence寂静 4、Subjects(学科): physics物理,chemistry化学,mathematics数学,history历史, geography地理,English英语,biology生物,music音乐 B、可数名词的复数形式 1、直接在词尾加-s,如desks,maps,cats,penscars,farms 2、以-s,-x,-ch,sh结尾的词加-es:glasses,classes,buses,boxes,foxes,watches,matches,brushes,dishes(例外:stomachs胃) 3、以-O结尾的词: Negroes,heres,potatoes,tomatoes(有生命的名词加-es); photos,pianos,kilos,radios,zoosstudios(无生命的名词加-es) 4、辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i再加es: city-cities,story-stories,baby-babies,dictionary-dictionaries, factory-factories,fly-flies,diary-diaries 但是,元音字母+y——直接+stoy——toys 5、以-f,-fe结尾的单词,去掉f,-fe再加ves: knife-knives,wife-wives,life-lives,wolf-wolves, thief-thieves,leaf-leaves 例外:roof-roofs屋顶,belief-beliefs信仰,gulf-gulfs海湾 safe-safes,handkerchief-handkerchiefs手帕 6.特殊变化: man-menwoman→woman child→children,tooth→teeth, goose→geese鹅foot→feet, mouse→mice,looker-on→lookers-on旁观者 passer-by→passers-by过路人, editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief总编辑, man-doctor→mendoctors, woman-doctor→womendoctors; fish,deer,Chinese,sheep单复数同形。C、只有复数形式的名词 1.下列名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词: clothes衣服,fireworks烟火,wages工资,thanks谢意, remains残留物,sweets糖果 2.由相同两部分构成的名词,只有复数形式,只能接复数形式的动词: scissors剪刀,glasses眼镜,trousers裤子,shoes鞋, socks袜,gloves手套 这些名词如表示数量,要以pair为单位,如: apairofshoes一双鞋twopairsofshoes两双鞋 apairofglasses一副眼镜twopairsofglasses两副眼镜 3.某些集合名词,本身即为复数,所以不能加-s,也不能以one,a,every等词来修饰,如: thispeople(×)thesepeoples(×)thesepeople(√) thatpolice(×)thosepolices(×)thosepolice(√)
2.名词的所有格 名词所有格的构成英语名词所有格有两种:"s属格和of属格。1)"s所有格 ①单数名词加-"构成,如:Hellen"scar海伦的汽车;thedoctor"sglasses医生的眼镜;adog"stail狗的尾巴;themanager"ssecreatry经理的秘书 ②复数名词以-s结尾的只加-",不以-s结尾的加-"s,如: thegirls"school女子学校;ladies"hats女帽;thestudents"Library学生阅览室;Women"sclub妇女俱乐部; Children"stoys儿童玩具;men"shats男帽 ③复合名词在最后一词后加-"s,如: Somebodyelse"sumbrella别人的伴伞;mybrother-in-law"scar我姐夫的汽车 2)of所有格的用法: 主要用于表示无生命的名词,一般采用"the+所有物+of+(the,that,my——)+所有者"的形式,如: thedoorofthisclassroom这间教室的门;theleavesofthetree树叶; thenameofourschool我们学校的名字。thedoorofthehouse, amapofChina. 3)双重属格的用法: afriendof+名词所有格or名词性物主代词,主要用来表示人的所有关系,例如: afriendofmybrother"s,twoplaysofShakespeare"s, somechildrenofMr.Brown"s,theseideasofyours, thosedirtyshoesofJames". 双重属格的名词前不能用the和one来修饰。 Note:ofmyown属于我自己的onmyown我独自地 4)特殊所有格 若一样东西为两人共有,后一个人名用所有格,在最后一词后加-"s;如: TomandJohn"sroom汤姆和约翰(共同)的房间; LilyandLucy"sschool莉莉和露茜(共同)的学校。 如果属于二人分别拥有,则在两个名词之后分别加-"s,且其后名词应为复数。如: Mary"sandJohn"spens玛丽和约翰(各自)的钢笔; Mike"sandHenry"sdesks迈克和亨利(各自)的书桌 JohnandTom"sroom(onlyoneroom); John"sandTom"srooms(tworooms:oneforJohnandoneforTom) 「例如」ThewomandressedinblueisMaryandAlice"smother. YoushouldfindwhatthedifferencebetweenMr.Smith"sandMr.Black"scarsis. 5)在表示"某人家","店铺"时,所有格后面的名词常常省略:atMr.Green"s(在格林先生家);atmybrother"s(在我兄弟家); atthetailor"s(在裁缝店);atthebarber"s(在理发店);atthedoctor"s(在诊所) 6)noun+to Idon"tquiterememberthekey________thequestionthoughIanswereditcorrectly. A.ofB.toC.forD.about 3.名词的常用考点 考点1.牢记六个不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用数词,但是可用some,any information,weather,fun,progress,advice,furniture, a.________importantinformationitis!A.WhatB.Whatan b.________niceweatheritistoday!A.WhatB.Whata c.________funitis!A.WhatB.Whata d.Physicshasmadegreatprogressinthiscentury.Andsohasmaths. e.Thedoctorgavemyfathersomeadviceonhowtostopsmoking. f.Shehastocleanallthefurnitureinallthebedroomsintwohours. g.Itwasfuntoplayonthebeachthatitattractedcountlesschildren. [A]suchgreat[B]sogreat[C]suchagreat[D]sogreata 考点2.有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义papers(报纸;文件);works(工厂;著作);looks(外表);hairs(几根头发);times(时代);sands(沙滩); drinks(饮料);manners(礼貌);arms(武器);forces(军队)glasses
牢记五个名词单复数形式可以表示特别意义的名词 word/mandifficultyroompeoplepopulation a.当word和man用作不可數名词时,前面不加冠词,也不用复数形式时,它们的意义是:word(消息;通知),man(人类) Wordcamethattheheadmasterwouldcometotalktous.(消息)Pleasesendmewordofyourarrival.(通知) Laborcreatedman.(人类)Quitealotscientistshavestudiedtheoriginofmaninthelastcentury. b.havesomedifficultyindoingsth. c.Iamafraidthatthereisn"t_____leftforyoutwoinmycar.Therearealreadyfivepeopleinit. A.manyroomB.anyroomsC.anyroommanyrooms d……people作集合名词用时,后面的谓语动词总是用复数形式 Thepeopleinthevillagelikethenewteacher. 但是,作"民族"解释时是可数名词,有复数形式:peoples;作"全体公民"解释时,动词用复数形式。 thepeoplesofAsia(亚洲各民族) TheChinesepeopleareagreatpeople.(中华民族是一个伟大的民族。) e.population具有集合名词的一般用法 A:ThepopulationofChinaislargethanthatofIndia. (中国人口比印度多。) B.EightypercentofthepopulationofChinaarepeasants. (中国80%的人口是农民。) 考点3.集合名词的数 一般地说,集合名词只以单数形式出现。常见的有:family,police,cattle,team,people,government,class,group,audience(观众),public(公众),crew(全体船员)等。当这些名词作主语时,若表示一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示集体的每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Hisfamilyisabigfamily./ThewholefamilyarewatchingTVnow. Thegovernmentwelcomestheproposal.(政府欢迎该建议。) Thegovernmentarediscussingtheproposal.(政府官员正在讨论该建议。) 注意:(1)police和cattle后面的谓语动词总是用复数形式 Manycattlearekeptonthefarm. Severalhundredpoliceareonduty. 考点4.of+抽象数=相应的形容词 of+geat+抽象名词=very+相应的形容词 of+no+抽象名词=not+相应的形容词(or-less,un-) 这样的抽象名词主要有:importance,value,use,help Thedictionaryisofgreatuse/help.=Thedictionaryisveryuseful/helpful. Themeetingisofgreatimportance.=Themeetingisveryimportant. Ginsengisofgreatmedicinevalue.(西洋参具有很高的药用价值。) Youradviceisofgreatvaluetous=Youradviceisveryvaluabletous Hissuggestionisofnouse=Hissuggestionisnotuseful Thatprogramisofgreatinteresttothechildren =Thatprogramisveryinterestingtothechildren 但是,of+color/age/height/width常用来表示具有同样的颜色、年龄、高度、宽度等等。 Thesetwojacketsareofthesamecolor.(这两件夹克衫颜色一样。) We"reofthesameage.(我们年龄一样大。) 考点5.to+抽象名词常表示喜、怒、哀、乐 toone"ssurprise(令人惊讶地);toone"sjoy/delight(令人高兴地); toone"sdisappointment(令人失望地);toone"sshame(令人羞愧地) 考点6.名词作定语 名词作定语一般用单数 eg.mountainareas山区applepies苹果派 colorTV"s彩色电视机machineguns机关机
theschoolbus学校的班车 ashoeshop/astonebridge/amountainvillage/ theticketoffice/warstories/bookleaves/vegetablegarden [例外]savingsaccount储蓄存款帐户women"scollege女子学院 girls"shighschool女子中学 man,woman作定语与后面的名词的数一致 eg,amandoctor——twomendoctors sports运动,作定语一般用复数eg.Asportscar/sportsshoes/asportsmeet/thesportsfield sport(单数)表示具体的运动项目eg.Whichsportwereyouinyesterday? 「例句」Iwalkedtoomuchyesterdayand________arestillachingnow.(CET-41995,6) A)myleg"smusclesB)mymusclesofleg C)mylegmusclesD)mymuscle"softheleg 本题为名词作定语,不用所有格形式,故正确答案为C. 类似的用法还有:awomandoctor,astrawhat,apapercover. 「例句」NowpeopleusethewordMSinsteadofMissorMrsbeforethenameof______inbusiness"letters. A)womanmanagerB)womenmanager C)womanmanagersD)womenmanagers 考点7.复合形容词中的名词必须用单数 eg.two-minuteridesevenfive-yuannotes anine-foot-talltreeathree-yearold三岁的小孩aseven-dayholiday七天的假期 a200-meter-highbuilding二百米高的大厦 注意名词所有格和复合形容词的用法 eg.二十分钟的路程twentyminutes"walk atwenty-minutewalk 「例句」Despitethewonderfulactingandwelldevelopedplotthemoviecouldnotholdour________attention.(CET-1996,1) A)three-hoursB)three-hourC)three-hours"D)three-hour"s three-hour为复合形容词,作定语不能加"s.另外,复合形容词作定语,其中名词保持单数,故A、C、D都不对。正确答案为B.三个小时的电影也可以表达为:threehours"movie. 考点8.表示时间的名词前有one,some,this,that,last,next,every,all等修饰时,前面不再用介词: eg.1.OnedayIhappenedtomeetheronmywaybackfromschool. 2.Hekeptwashingallday. 3.NextmorningIwillleavefortheUSAtostudyEnglish. 考点9.最高级形容词前如有名词,要用所有格形式,如有数词,要用序数词形式,如: theworld"shighestmountain世界最高的山 thecountry"slargestlibrary国家最大的图书馆 thesecondlongestriverinChina中国第二长河 考点10.表示数量的hundred,thousand,million,dozen,(打),score(二十)的用法 (1)表示确定数目时,不加s:fivehundred(thousand,million)students;sixdozenpens (2)表示不确定数目时,加s并且与of连用:hundredsofstudents;dozens(scores)ofpeople (3)many,several等修饰dozen,score时,不用复数,也不用of:many/severaldozenpencils,但是当名词前有限定词或事物本身为人称代词,必须加of: adozenofthesepeople/eggs;twoscoreofsuchbooks; twodozenofthemtwodozeneggs两打鸡蛋 fourscoreandsevenyearsago八十七年前 dozensofstudents几十名学生hundredofhorses上千匹马 millionsofpeople上千万人 Hehasflowtwohundredmilestogethere 他坐飞机飞了两百英里赶到这里。 Millionsofpeoplecometovisitthiscityeveryyear 每年有几百万人来这个城市参加。 12.自我检测
(1)The_____ofthecottagewerecoveredwith_________. A.roofs;leafsB.roofs;leavesC.roovws;leafsD.rooves;leaves (2)Thatshopsells_______clothing. A.child"sandwoman"sB.childrenandwomen"sC.children"sandwomenD.children"sandwomen"s (3)Therearefive_______inourclinic. A.womandoctorB.womandoctorsC.womendoctorD.womendoctors (4)——WhatcanIdoforyou?——I"dliketohavea____ofChinaDaily. A.pieceB.sheetC.copyD.lot (5)Iftheseshoesaretoobig,askhimtobringyouasmall________. A.pairB.oneC.suitD.piece (6)Theadvertisementsinnewspapershelptocutthe_____ofmakingnewspapers. A.valueB.priceC.costD.pay (7)Mr.smithhadno______infindinghisteacher"saddress. A.difficultyB.difficultiesC.troublesD.mistakes (8)______itistohaveaswiminhotsummer! A.WhatafunB.WhatfunC.HowfunD.Howafun (9)Itisbad______tospeakwithyourmouthfull. A.wayB.mannerC.mannersD.methods (10)Youshouldpaymuch_______toyourpronunciation. A.interestB.noticeC.moneyD.attention AnswerBDDCACABCD一、语音知识(共5小题;每题1.5分,共7.5分。) 在下列每组单词中,有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。找出这个词,并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括号里。 ()1.A.straightB.preferC.enoughD.fall()2.A.lowB.thoughC.knowledgeD.sold ()3.A.calmB.hallC.talkD.ball()4.A.alreadyB.eachC.leagueD.weak()5.A.produceB.trueC.computerD.news二、词汇与语法知识(共25小题;每题1.5分,共37.5分。) 从每小题的四个选择项中,选出最佳的一项,并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括号里。 ()6.Areyousureyoudon‘thave_______advicetogiveme?Ireallyneed_______. A.any;any B.some;any C.any;some D.any;some ()7.Whenwesawhisface,weknew_______wasbad. A.thenews B.somenews C.anews D.news ()8.Thenumberofstudentsinourschool________. A.increased B.isincreased C.hasincreased D.areincreased ()9.________yourstep,oryoumightfallintothewater. A.See B.Watch C.Miss D.Lookat ()10.Themeeting_______. A.istoputoff B.isgoingtoputoff C.istobeputoff D.willputoff ()11.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,lastnight_______. A.itmustberaining B.itmustrain C.itmusthaverained D.itmusthavebeenrained ()12.Nothingcouldstop_______. A.himcome B.thatthecame C.himfromcoming D.himtocome
()13.Thenoiseofdesks_______couldbeheardoutinthestreet. A.openedandclosed B.tobeopenedandclosed C.beingopenedandclosed D.havingbeenopenedandclosed ()14.Themedicinewill______yougood. A.do B.save C.give D.help ()15.Afewyearslater,Ifoundmyhometowncompletely_______. A.changed B.changing C.tobechanged D.tochange ()16.Thisnovelisworthyof_______. A.reading B.read C.havingread D.beingread ()17.Itisverykind______seeme. A.fromyouto B.as C.asif D.likethat ()18.Itlooks_______it‘sgoingtorain. A.that B.as C.asif D.likethat ()19.Thestonewassoheavythatitwasdifficultfortheoldmanto______it. A.lift B.reach C.rise D.touch ()20.Theylives______theothersideoftheroad.A.in B.on C.for D.by ()21.ShecanspeakJapanesebetterthan________else. A.theone B.noone C.anyone D.another ()22.Thislessonis_______thanthelastone. A.moreeasier B.moreeasy C.veryeasier D.mucheasier ()23.Today‘sweatherisn’tascoldasitwasyesterday,________? A.wasn‘t B.isit C.wasit D.isn‘tit ()24.Thisbookisforstudents______nativelanguageisnotEnglish. A.ofwhom B.that C.which D.whose ()25.Youmaynotgoout_______yourworkisdone. A.before B.until C.where D.as ()26.LookwhatFather_______mewhenhecamefromwork. A.brought B.took C.carried D.fetched ()27.Nobodyknew_______there. A.howlongtimeIhadbeen B.howlonghadIbeen C.howlongtimehadIbeen D.howlongIhadbeen<一、语音知识(共5小题;每题1.5分,共7.5分。) 在下列每组单词中,有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同。找出这个词,并把它前面的大写字母填入左边括号里。 ( )1.A. either B. fail C. decide D. try ( )2.A. curtain B. paint C. sail D. straight ( )3.A. country B. courage C. pronounce D. double ( )4.A. carriage B. idiom C. immediate D. material ( )5.A. neither B. thirsty C. through D. thousand 二、词汇与语法知识(共25小题;每题1.5分,共37.5分。) 从每个小题的四个选项中,选出最佳的一项,并把它前面的大写字母填入左边的括弧里。 ( )6. What would you ________ to eat tonight? A. like B. wish C. want D. hope ( )7. I ________ my bicycle on the left side. A. get off from B. get down C. get down from D. get off ( )8. Coal ________ electricity very often. A. is used to producing B. is used to produce C. used to produce D. used to producing ( )9. Why can‘t you do this small _______ for me? I’ve helped you often enough in the past. A. work B. demand C. favour D. good ( )10. Never _______ till tomorrow what may be done today.
A. put on B. put away C. put off D. put up ( )11. Mother kept inviting Mrs. Smith to stay for lunch, and finally she _______. A. gave outB. gave off C. gave in D. gave away ( )12. France is ________ only European country I have visited. A. an B. a C. the D. 不填 ( )13. The problem of pollution in this city is more serious than ______ in other cities. A. that B. it C. this D. those ( )14. Dick found himself walking _______ the direction of the post office. A. to B. by C. along D. in ( )15. _______ that we were late, we started to run. A. Know B. To know C. Knowing D. Being known ( )16. This room is _______ any of the others in the building. A. the biggest than B. big as C. bigger than D. the biggest of ( )17. Just think Ann got the house _______ all by herself! A. paint B. be painted C. to paint D. painted ( )18. The policeman caught the man _________ the arm. A. by B. with C. on D. at ( )19. To get an education, _______. A. one must work hard B. working hard is important C. to work hard is necessary D. it is needed to work hard ( )20. The old man could not decide ________ the money or to put it in the bank. A. if he spent B. whether to spend C. that he spent D. what to spend ( )21. I wish you‘d consider _______ to Miami with us this vacation. A. going B. that you‘ll go C. to go D. to going ( )22. I think I‘ll wait until the mail _______. A. should come B. is coming C. comes D. will come23. We found ________. A. the work hard for doing B. hard to do the work C. it hard for doing the work D. the work hard to do ( )24. Professor Bixby warned his students ________ late for the examination. A. not be B. to be not C. not to be D. be not ( )25. I don‘t know what I’d have done if I _______ to make that decision. A. would have B. had had C. have had D. did have ( )26. I don‘t know how to play bridge and ________. A. my wife doesn‘t neither B. my wife does either C. neither does my wife D. neither my wife does ( )27. He asked ________ since he had been chairman for seven years. A. not to have been re-elected B. to not be re-elected C. not to be re-elected D. to have not been re-elected ( )28. The guests said that they wouldn‘t mind _______.A. to have a little light musicB. have a little light musicC. having a little light music D. that they have a little light music ( )29. Last night we caught a thief _______ John‘s car. A. when stealing B. that be stol C. to steal D. stealing30. Without the invention of writing, a man ________ to remember so many things which he can write down or find in a book. A. is forced B. will be forced C. forced D. would be forced三、完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分,共30分。)
The common cold is familiar to everyone. People often catch cold in __31_ winter or spring. They may __32_ catch cold at other times __33_ the year. A person with __34_ bad cold usually buys some __35_ of medicine. Pharmacies have many __36_ for a cold. However, doctors __37_ that these medicines do not __38_ very much. They that __39_ person with a bad cold __40_ stay in bad, keep warm, and drink a lot of water.In 1928 an English doctor was working in his laboratory in London hospital. The doctor‘s name _41_ Alexander Fleming. One day he _42_ a tiny bit of mold (黴) _43_ a dish that he was _44_ in his work. He started _45_ throw the mold away. Then _46_ noticed that it seemed unusual. He _47_ the mold and studied _48_ for a long time. He _49_ that it could kill germs. He _50_ it penicillin. ( )31.A. a B. the C. some D. none ( )32.A. too B. also C. to D. still ( )33.A. at B. from C. of D. on ( )34.A. some B. a C. one D. the ( )35.A. kind B. set C. quantity D. deal ( )36.A. medicine B. much C. medicines D. doctors ( )37.A. tell B. speak C. talk D. say ( )38.A. helps B. help C. helping D. helped ( )39.A. many B. some C. a D. one( )40.A. ought B. shall C. to D. should ( )41.A. is B. was C. called D. be( )42.A. finding B. founded C. found D. finds ( )43.A. in B. among C. above D. into ( )44.A. playing B. using C. cooking D. making ( )45.A. to B. and C. but D. by( )46.A. she B. Dr C. it D. he ( )47.A. kept B. keeps C. keep D. keeping( )48.A. them B. mold C. it D. him ( )49.A. knew B. studied C. invented D. discovered( )50.A. calls B. named C. made D. liked101.bychance(=accidentally,byaccident)偶然 102.forachange换换环境(花样等)103.chargesb.with…控告某人犯有…104.inchargeof(=responsiblefor)负责(某事)inthechargeof…由…管105.takechargeof(=tobeorbecomeresponsiblefor)负责管理(照顾)106.charge…for因…索取(费用),chargesb.withsth.控告某人犯有…107.roundtheclock(=alldayandallnight,usuallywithoutstopping)昼夜不停地108.commenton评论109.commitoneselfto使自己承担…commitsb.toprison把某人送进监狱;commitone‘sideatowriting把某人的想法写下来;commitamattertoacommittee把某事交给委员会讨论110.incommon(和…)有共同之处,共用。becommontosb.是与某人所共有的111.keepcompanywith(=befriendlyandgoouttogether)和…要好。112.compare…with…把…与…比较113.compare…to…把…比作…114.bycomparison比较起来115.incomparisonwith(=incontrastto)和…比起来116.compensatefor(=givesth.tomakeupfor)补偿,赔偿,弥补compensatesb.forsth.赔偿,弥补117.complainof(orabout)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complainabout抱怨某人或事情;complaintosb.aboutsth.(orsb.)向某人抱怨…;complain(抱怨);complement(补充);compliment(恭维)118.complywith(=actinaccordancewithademand,order,ruleetc.)遵守,依从119.conceiveof(thinkof,imagine,consider)想象,设想120.concentrateon(orupon)集中,专心121.beconcernedwith(=about)与…有关122.concernoneselfaboutwith关心123.inconclusion(=asthelastthing)最后一点;attheconclusionof当…结束时;124.condemnsb.to判决125.onconditionthat(=if)以…为条件,假如。inthat=because因为;nowthat=since既然forallthat=although尽管126.inoutofcondition(=thoroughlyhealthyorfitnotfit)健康状况好不好.ingood(bad)condition处于良好(坏)状态127.confess(to)(=admitafault,crime,orsth.wrong)承认,供认;confesstoacrime承认罪行。128.confidein(=totalkfreelytosb.aboutone‘ssecret)对…讲真心话,依赖129.inconfidence推心置腹地;withconfidence满怀信心地;haveconfidencein对…有信心130.confidenceinsb.sth.对…的信赖131.beconfidentof有信心;confidential机密的132.confine…to…把…限制在某范围内133.confirmsb.in使某人更坚定(信念等)
134.conformto(=beinagreementwith,complywith)符合,遵照,遵守;1)obey服从;2)observe;3)complywith照…办;4)keepto遵循;5)abideby服从;6)stickto按……做135.beconfrontedwith(=bebroughtfacetofacewith)面对,面临136.congratulatesb.on祝贺137.inconnectionwith(=withregardto)关于,138.beconsciousof(=beawareof)觉察,知道139.consentto(=giveagreementtopermission)同意140.inconsequence(=asaresult)结果141.inconsequenceof(=asaconsequenceof)由于…的结果142.underconsideration在考虑中143.inconsiderationof(=inreturnfor,onaccountof,becauseof)由于144.onnoconsideration(innocase)无论如何也不 145.take…intoconsideration(=takeaccountof,take…intoaccount)考虑到,把…考虑进去146.considerate(=thoughtfuloftheneeds)体贴的,考虑他人需要的,considerable相当大的,值得考虑的147.consistof(=becomposedof)由…组成的。consistin主要在于。consistwith符合,与…一致148.beconsistentwith(=beinagreementwith)与…一致。beconsistentin一贯的,149.consultsb.onaboutsth.向…征求…方面的意见,就…向…请教150.toone‘sheart’scontent尽情地,痛痛快快151. be content with(=be satisfied with)满足于be content to do sth. 愿意做某事152. contrary to (=in opposition to)与…相反153. on the contrary 相反154. contrast…with 把…与…相对(对照)155. in contrast towith 和…形成对比 by contrast 对比之下156. contribute to 有助于157. under control (被)控制住 out of control无法控制158. at one‘s convenience(=where and when it suits one)在方便的时间或地点 .be convenient to for 对…方便159. convince sb. of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb.)使某人确信,try to persuade sb. to do sth.劝说某人做…160. cope with(=deal with,try to find a solution to)应付,处理161. in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at)the comer of a street在街道拐弯处;round the comer拐过弯;be in a tight corner陷入困境162. correspond (with)( =exchange letters regularly)通信163. correspond to 相当于 . correspond with 符合,一致164. at all costs不惜任何代价 . at the cost of 以…为代价165. a matter of course 理所当然的事166. as a matter of course 当然地,自然地167. in (during)the course 在…过程中168. in due course (=without too much delay)没经过太久,到一定时候169. on credit赊购;with credit以优异成绩;to one‘s credit使某人感到光荣;do sb. credit 使…感到光荣170.be critical of 爱挑毛病的,批评的171. cure sb. of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病172.a danger to对…的危险;be in danger(of)处于…危险中;be out of danger脱离危险173. to date(=so far,until now)到目前为止174. out of date过时的;up to date新式的,时兴的;date back to可追溯到;date from从某时期开始(有)175. deal with (=concern)论及176. be in debt to sb. 欠…的债177. on the decline 在衰退中,在减少中 in decline 下降;on the increase 在增加178. to one‘s delight 令某人感到高兴 to one’s regret 遗憾;sorrow悲痛;relief 安心;distress 苦恼;shame羞愧;surprise 惊奇;astonishment 惊奇;179. delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜欢,取乐180. take (a)delight in 喜欢干…,以…为乐181. demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求(非物质的)东西。demand sth. from sb. 向某人要求(物质的)东西182.in demand有需求;on demand受到要求时183. be dependent on 依靠184. deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物185. derive…from(=obtain…from)从…取得,由…来的。derive from(=come from)起源于186. despair of (=lose all hope of)绝望187. in despair 绝望188. despite (=in spite of)不管,尽管189. in detail 详细地190. deviate from 偏离,不按…办191. on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食,节食192. differ from…in 与…的区别在于…193. in difficulties…有困难,处境困难,194. discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for)因…解雇, 开除195. fall back (=retreat,turn back)撤退;in disorder 慌乱地,狼狈不堪196. on display(=being shown publicly)陈列 197. dispose of (=get rid of ,throw away)处理掉198. beyond dispute不容争议的,无可争议
199. in dispute 在争议中200. in the distance 在远处。 make out 辩认出201. (be)distinct from ( = be different from)与…截然不同2008年成考高起点数学(文)复习资料考点1、三角函数图像性质重点分析:重在二域三性,最核心部分是求周期、最值一、三性(奇偶、单调、周期)(1)、下列函数在其定义域内是奇函数又是偶函数的是(D)(1995年真题)A.y=sinx B.y=log2x C.y=x+8 D.y=x3(2)、函数y=x3+2sinx(A)(1996年真题)A.奇 B.偶 C.非奇非偶 D.既是奇函数又是偶函数(3)、函数y=1-2sin2x (B) (1998年真题)A.奇 B.偶 C.既是奇函数又是偶韩式 D.非奇非偶(4)、下列函数中偶函数(D)(2002年真题)A.cos(x+1) B.y=3x C.y=(x-1)2 D.y=sin2x(5)、下列函数中偶函数(A)(2003年真题)A.y=3x+3-x B.y=3x2-x3 C.y=1+sinx D.y=tanx (6)、函数f(x)=sinx+x3 (2004年真题)A.偶 B.奇 C.既是奇函数又是偶函数 D.非奇非偶(7)、下列选项中,正确的是(B)A.y=x+sinx是偶函数 B.y=x_sinx是奇函数 C.y=∣x∣+sinx是偶函数 D.y=∣x∣+sinx是奇函数(8)、下列函数中为偶函数的是(D)A.y=2x B.y=2x C.y=log2x D.y=2cosx(9)、下列函数中既不是奇函数又不是偶函数的是(B)A.f(x)=1/1+x2 B.f(x)=x2+x C.f(x)=cosx/3 D.f(x)=2/x(10)、函数y=sinx在区间(C)为增函数A.[0π] B.[π,2π] C.[3π/2,5π/2] D.[5π/8,7π/8]一,选择题(17小题,每小题5分共85分)1,设集合A={0,3},B={0,3,4},C={1,2,3},则(B∪C)∩A=__________A,{0,1,2,3,4}B,空集C,{0,3}D,{0}2,非零向量a‖b的充要条件___________________A,a=bB,a=-bC,a=±bD,存在非零实数k,a=kb3,二次函数y=x2+4x+1的最小值是_________________A,1B,-3C,3D,-44,在等差数列{an}中,已知a1=-,a6=1则__________A,a3=0B,a=0C,a=0D,各项都不为零5,函数y=x3+2sinx__________A,奇函数B,偶函数C,既不是奇函数,又不是偶函数D,既是奇函数又是偶函数6,已知抛物线y=x2,在点x=2处的切线的斜率为___________A,2B,3C,1D,47,直线L与直线3x-2y+1=0垂直,则1的斜率为__________A,3/2B-3/2C,2/3D,-2/38,已知=(3,2)=(-4,6),则=____________A,4B,0C,-4D,59,双曲线-=1的焦距是___________A,4B,C,2D,810,从13名学生中选出2人担任正副班长,不同的选举结果共有()A,26B,78C,156D,16911,若f(x+1)=x2+2x,则f(x)=_________A,x2-1B,x2+2x+1C,x2+2xD,x2+112,设tanx=,且cosx<0,则cosx的值是_______A,-B,C,D,-13,已知向量a,b满足=4,=3,=300则ab=A,B,6C,6D,1214,函数y=sin(3x+)的最小正周期________A,3B,C,
D,15,直线2x-y+7=0与圆(x-1)2+(y+1)2=20A,相离B,相切C,相交但直线不过圆心D,相交且直线过圆心16,已知二次函数y=x2+ax-2的对称轴方程为x=1,则函数的顶点坐标______A.(1,-3)B.(1,-1)C.(1,0)D(-1,-3)17,椭圆9x2+16y2=144的焦距为_______A,10B,5C,2D,14二,填空题(4小题,每题5分,共20分)1,函数y=㏒2(6-5x-x2)的定义域____________2,不等式<8的解集是_______________3,已知A(-2,1)B,(2,5),则线段AB的垂直平分线的方程是____________4,某篮球队参加全国甲级联赛,任选该队参赛的10场比赛,其得分情况如下:99,104,87,88,96,94,100,92,108,110,则该队得分的样本方差为______三,解答题1,求函数y=x4-2x2+5在区间[-2,2]上最大值和最小值2,设{an}为等差数列,Sn表示它的前n项和,已知对任何正整数n均有Sn=+n,求数列{an}的公差d和首项a13,已知直线在X轴上的截距为-1,在Y轴上的截距为1,对抛物线y=x2+bx+c的顶点坐标(2,-8),求直线和抛物线两个交点横坐标和平方和.4,设点P是双曲线3x2-y2=3右支上一点,F1,F2,分别是双曲线的左,右焦点,△PF1F2周长为10,求tan