小学英语语法总复习与练习(人教版) 31页

小学英语语法总复习与练习（人教版）文昌市铺前中心小学洪晶晶 一、名词复数规则1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches(手表)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries但boy-boys4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：knife-knivesleaf-leaves5.以o结尾有生命的加es无生命的加s，如：potato-potatoestomatoesphoto-photospiano-pianos不规则名词的复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,goose-geese不可数名词没有复数形式：paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea在具体句子中我们应该把不可数名词当成单数看待 写出下列各词的复数I____him____this_____her______child_____photo____diary____day_____foot____book____dress_____tooth_______sheep______box_____peach______man_____woman_____paper_______ juice______water________milk_______wethemthesetheirchildrenphotoesfeetbooksdressesdiariesdayssheepboxespeachesmenwomenjuicepapermilkwaterteeth 二、一般现在时一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：Theskyisblue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的标志词：often,usually,sometimes,every等一般现在时的构成主语+动词原形。如：WestudyEnglish.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it，myfather等)时主语(三单)+动词的三单形式（要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"）如：MarylikesChinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化否定句：主语+don"t(doesn"t)+动词原形(+其它)。如：Idon"tlikebread.Hedoesn"tlikebread,too.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如：Doyougotoschoolbybike?Yes,Ido./No,Idon"t.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：Doesshegotoschoolbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn"t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdouyougotoschool?Howdoesyourfathergotowork? 动词的第三人称单数的变化规则1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,make-makes2．以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies但play-plays不规则变化have-has 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink______go_____stay______make_____look_____have______pass______come_____ watch_____plant______fly______study______do______ teach______play______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We__________(notwatch)TVonMondays.4.Tom___________(notgo)tothezooonSundays.5.______they________(like)apples?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourfather_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl________(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle(瓶子).10.Mike_______(like)cooking.11.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.12.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.13.LiuYun_______(do)notlikePE.14.Thechildoften_________(watch)TVintheevening.hasaredon"twatchdoesn"tgoDolikesdodolikereadDoeswatchesisteachesgoesdodoes 三、按照要求改写句子1.JackwatchesTVeveryevening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)___________________________________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________Jackdoesn"twatchTVeveryevening.不管是否定句还是疑问句，用上了助动词以后，后面的行为动词都要使用动词原形。Doyoudoyourhomeworkeveryday?No,Idon"t.Doesshelikemilk?Yes,shedoes.DoesAmylikeplayingcomputergames?No,shedoesn"t.Wedon"tgotoschooleverymorning. 三、现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构：主语+be+动词ing.如：Iameating.现在进行时的否定句基本结构：主语+benot+动词ing.如：Iamnoteating.现在进行时的一般疑问句基本结构：be动词+主语+动词ing.如：Areyoueating？现在进行时的特殊疑问句基本结构：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词ing?如：Whatareyoueating? 动词的ing形式（动词的现在分词）的变化规则1一般情况下直接在动词后面加ingread--readingsleep---sleepingstudy---studyingclean--cleaningplay---playing2以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉字母e，再加ingcome---comingmake---makingride---ridinghave---havingtake---takingwrite---writingdance---dancing3以重读闭音节（重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节）结尾，呈现“辅，元，辅”结构的动词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ingstop--stopping停sit--sitting坐run--running跑begin—beginning开始cut--cutting切get--getting得到swim--swimming游dig--digging挖 一、写出下列动词的现在分词（即ing形式）：play_____run________swim__________make_________go_______like________write________ski_________read________have________sing________dance_______put_________see________buy_________love___________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.Theboy______________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_____________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother____________(cook)themeals  now.4.What_____you_______(do)now?5.Look.They_____________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They______________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls______________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisyourgrandmotherdoing?She__________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s  5  o’clocknow.We____________(have)dinnernow.10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.areisdwawingaresingingiscookingwashingdoingarehavingaren"twateringaredancingislisteningarehavingIs 三、句型转换：1.Theyaredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom.(改成一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．I’mplayingthefootballintheplayground.(对划线部分进行提问)____________________________________________________________4．Tomisreadingbooksinhisstudy.(对划线部分进行提问)_________________________________________________________________WhereisTomreadingbooks?Aretheydoinghousework?Theyaren"tdoinghousework.Arethestudentscleaningtheclassroom?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren"t.Whatareyoudoingintheplayground? 四、一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作以及打算或者准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow,thisweekeng,nextday(week,month,year…),等。二、基本结构：①主+begoingto+动词原形；②主+will+动词原形.Iamgoingtoplayfootballtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillplayfootballtomorrow.三、否定句：在be动词（am,is,are）后加not，主+benotgoingto+动词原形。例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.四、一般疑问句：把be提到句首，some改为any,第一二人称互换。Be+主+goingto+动词原形?例如：Wearegoingtoswimthisweekend.→Areyougoingtoswimthisweekend? 填空1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛?我想去打篮球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。Whattime_______you___________________meet? 改句子1.Lucyisgoingtogohiking.（改否定）Lucy________goingtogohiking.2. I’mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）_______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?3. Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（对划线部分提问）_______________she_________________________afterschool?4.Myfatherandmotheraregoingtoseeafilmtomorrow.(同上)__________________goingtoseeafilmtomorrow? 五、一般过去时1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2．一般过去时Be动词的变化：⑴am和is在一般过去时中变为was。（wasnot=wasn’t）⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（werenot=weren’t）⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3．没有be动词的一般过去时肯定句：主语+动词过去式？如：Jimwenthomeyesterday.否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形？如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形？如：DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如：WhatdidJimdoyesterday?⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Whowenttohomeyesterday? 动词过去式变化规则：1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：clean-cleaned,cook-cooked2．以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加d，如：like-likedlive-lived3．末尾有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写末尾的辅音字母，加-ed，如：stop-stopped4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied但play-played5．不规则动词过去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,sing-sang,put-put,make-made,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,fly-flew,,swim-swam 一写出下列动词的过去式isam_________fly_______plant________are________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____taste_________eat__________draw________put______swim________kick_________pass_______do  ________ 二、用动词的适当形式填空1.He_________(live)inWuxitwoyearsago.2.Thecat________(eat)abirdlastnight.3.We_______(have)apartylastweekend.4.Lucy________(pick)uporangesonthefarmlastweek.5.I________(make)asnowmanwithMikeyesterday.6.They________(play)chessintheclassroomlastPElesson.7.Mymother_______(cook)anicefoodlastSpringFestival.8.Thegirls________(sing)and_______(dance)attheparty.9. She_______(be)happyyesterday.10.YangLing________(be)elevenyearsoldlastyear.11.There________(be)anappleontheplateyesterday. 三、句型转换1.Allthestudentswereveryexcited.否定句：________________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________2.WesangsomeEnglishsongs.否定句：________________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________3.Theyplayedfootballintheplayground.否定句：________________________________________________一般疑问句：____________________________________________肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 六、比较级1、比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。一般句式的构成：A+is/are+形容词比较级+than+BA是主格B是宾格如：Sheistallerthanme.2．形容词加er的规则：⑴一般在词尾加er如：small--smallerclean--cleaner；⑵以字母e结尾，加r如：fine--finernice--nicer；⑶闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er如：big--biggerhot--hotter；⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er如：heavy--haeviereasy--easier。3．不规则形容词比较级：good-better, 一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子heavy tall long much many big(1)HowistheYellowRiver?(2)HowisMrGreen? He’s175cm.(3)Howareyourfeet? Iwearsize18.(4)HowisthewhiteT-shirt?  It’s100yuan.(5)Howapplesarethereinthebag? Thereare5.(6)Howisthefish?It’s2kg. 二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1)I’m12yearsold.You’re14.I’mthanyou.(2)Arabbit’stailisthanamonkey’stail.(3)Anelephantisthanapig.(4)Alakeisthanasea.(5)Abasketballisthanafootball.(5)Thisbagis(beautiful)ofthethree. 三、根据中文完成句子.(1)我比我的弟弟大三岁. I’mthanmybrother.(2)这棵树要比那棵树高.   Thistreethanthatone.(3)你比他矮四厘米.      Youarethanhe.(4)谁比你重?thanyou.(5)他比你更强壮.  Heisthanyou.四、根据答句写出问句(1)I’m160cm.(2)I’m12yearsold.(3)Myshoesare80yuan.(4)Amy’shairis30cmlong.(5)IhavethreeEnglishbooks. 七、Therebe句型与have,has的区别1、Therebe句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在therebe句型中，主语是单数，be动词用is;主语是复数，be动词用are;如有几件物品，be动词根据最接近be动词的那个名词决定。3、therebe句型的否定句在be动词后加not,一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。4、therebe句型与have(has)的区别：therebe表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has)表示某人拥有某物。5、some和any在therebe句型中的运用：some用于肯定句，any用于否定句或疑问句。6、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Howmany+名词复数+arethere+地点短语？ 选词填空“have,has”or“thereis,thereare”“isthere,arethere”1.I______agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.____________abookonthedesk.3.He_________acar.4._____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.6.They___________anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou___________?8.______________manychildrenonthemountain.9.WhatdoesMike___________?10.______________anybooksinthedesk?11.Myfather_________astory-book.12._______________astory-bookonthetable.13._______________anyflowersintheforest?14.Howmanystudents____________intheclassroom?15.Myparents___________somenicepictures.16._____________somemapsonthewall.17.David’sfriends___________somegifts. 用恰当的be动词填空。1、Therealotofsweetsinthebox.2、Theresomemilkintheglass.3、Theresomepeopleunderthethebigtree.4、Thereapictureandamaponthewall.5、Thereaboxofrubbersnearthebooks.6、Therelotsofflowersinourgardenlastyear.7、Thereatinofchickenbehindthefridgeyesterday.8、Therefourcupsofcoffeeonthetable. 八、人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数I（我）memy（我的）mine复数we（我们）usour（我们的）ours第二人称单数you（你）youyour（你的）yours复数you（你们）youyour（你们的）yours第三人称单数he（他）himhis（他的）hisshe（她）herher（她的）hersit（它）itits（它的）its复数they（他们/她们/它们）themtheir（他们的/她们的/它们的）theirs 用am,is,are填空1.I______aboy.  ______youaboy?  No,I_____not.2.Thegirl______Jack"ssister.3.Thedog_______tallandfat.4.Themanwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5.______yourbrotherintheclassroom?6.Where_____yourmother?  She______athome.7.How  _______yourfather?8.MikeandLiuTao______atschool.9.Whosedress______this?10.Whosesocks______  they?