中考英语语法情态动词课件(12) 30页

中考英语语法 第十六讲情态动词 第一部分：基本知识 一、情态动词是什么？动词的类别行为动词系动词助动词情态动词能够独立做谓语不能独立做谓语掌握情态动词的定义：表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。 二、情态动词的基本句型陈述句–主+情态动词+v原疑问句–情态动词+主+v原？考点：注意may,must疑问句的否定回答否定句--主+情态动词not+v原考点：注意hadbetter,need两种词性,oughtto的否定 三、常考的情态动词can能;可能---couldmay可以--mightmust必须;一定need需要---非标准情态动词should----shallwould---willhadbetterusedto过去常常Wouldrather宁愿oughtto应当 第二部分：常考情态动词 的三个“能”能力乐意可能cancan与beableto的区别Can是情态动词，不能独立做谓语beableto是系动词，能够独立做谓语所有表示“意愿类题目”，都适用Can/Couldyougivemesomewater?此时can与could相等can与must的区别Must肯定是（无否定）－－ｃａｎ可能是 1.Hewill__finishitbyhimself.can/may/beableto/不填（多）2.canyougiveme__suggestion?another/other/theother/others3.She___runfast,butIcan’t.may/must/need/can 的两个意思乐意可能maymay的回答肯定回答一般是：Yes,please./Certainly./Sure等，否定回答一般是：Pleasedon"t./No，youcan"t/mustn"t.can多用于疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度；而may则多用于陈述句（肯定），表示一种揣测。can与may的区别Hemayberight他可能对Hecan’tberight他不可能对 的两个意思必须肯定mustmust的否定回答肯定回答：yes,…must否定回答：no,youneedn’t/no,youdon’thavetocan多用于疑问句和否定句，表示怀疑或不相信等态度；Must表示推测时，不能用否定句can与must的区别Don’thaveto不必---mustn’t一定不能—needn’t不必must表必须有否定；表肯定，不能用否定句Must的否定Ididn’thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了 的两个词性情态动词行为动词needYouneedn’tanswerthequestionnow.Youdon’tneedotanswerthequestionnow. Hadbetter最好易错点：错误理解为had,或better否定解析：你最好立刻就做Youhadbetterdoitrightnow.你最好不要碰它Youhadbetternottouchit. 的三个辨析UsedtoBeusedtodoingBeusedtodousedto过去常常（情态动词）Heusedtogoshoppingonweekends.他过去常常周末去买东西TheEnglishmanisn’tusedtodrivingontherightinChina.某人习惯于(to是介词）被动语态（to是不定式）Pensareusedtowriteonpaper. Wouldratherdo….thando…宁愿做…而不愿做解析:宁愿而不愿，中考共三种表达方式1、prefertodo….ratherthando…宁愿做…而不愿做…(动词词组)例:Iprefertoswimratherthanstayathome.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里2、wouldratherdo….thando…宁愿做…而不愿做…(动词词组)例:Iwouldratherswimthanstayathome.我宁愿去跑步也不愿待在家里3、prefer…to…Ipreferdogstocats.相对于猫.我更喜欢狗.Wouldrather是情态动词，否定为wouldrathernotdo… 第三部分：情态动词与助动词 Can与could的相同与不同Can能力–hesaid:“Icandothat.”乐意–canIhelpyou?可能—Itcann’tberainyCould能力,是can的过去式—Hesaidthathecoulddothat.表乐意,could可独立一词.CouldIgowithyou? (will—would;shall–should于此相似)Will只用于将来时,hewillcometomorrowshall,will用来征求对方意见，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二人称，用来表示意愿；shall用于第二、第三人称，will用于第一人称。Would过去将来时，是will的过去式.Hesaidthathewouldcometomorrow.表乐意Wouldyoulike…?虚拟语气 1.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe__themedicine3timesaday.多Take/took/takes/shouldtake解析Suggest/advicethat主+should+v原。考点:should省略；给时态迷惑2.Shewouldleavethecityiftherain__.Stops/wouldstop/stopped/stopping解析:1判断would---过去时，从句也用过去时2主句过去将来，if从句用一般过去3.Thepatientknewthathe__thewrongmdicine.take/took/takes/shouldtake 第四部分：真题解析与练习 1．must和haveto【考例】--Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?--Yes,we_______.Itcan"tbeputoffanylonger.[太原市]A.can                 B.may                 C.must[答案]C。[解析]此题考查情态动词的用法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其肯定答语要用must，不能用can或may。故选C。-Ididn"tpassthemathtest.IthinkIhavespenttoomuchtimeplayingcomputergamesrecently.--Iagree.You __ playlikethatanymore.[河南省]A.needn"t           B.mustn"t         C.maynot         D.wouldn"t[答案]B。[解析]此处选mustn"t。表示“一定不能”“千万不能”，用较强的语气来提醒对方不能再玩游戏了。Whentrafficlightsarered.We_________stopandwait.[南京市]A.may        B.can            C.must           D.might.[答案]C。[解析]考查情态动词，must必须，表示禁止。 2．can和could--CouldIborrowyourdictionary?--Ofcourseyou____________.[陕西省]A.can         B.must        C.should      D.will[答案]A。[解析]上文的could并不表示过去，而只是一种委婉的说法，所以答语用can更礼貌些。--Listen!IsTomsingingintheclassroom?--No.It________beTom.HehasgonetoParis.[长沙市]A.maynot       B.needn"t       C.can"t[答案]C。[解析]因为汤姆不在这里，所以不可能是他。一Mary，__________youspeakChinese?一Yes，onlyalittle．[北京市]Amust         Bneed      Cmay  D．can[答案]D。[解析]考查情态动词，“玛丽，你会说英语吗?…“是的，会一点”。故选D。can表示能够 1Schools_________allowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.A.would        B.might         C.should        D.could[答案]C。[解析]此处用情态动词should的用法。should表示“应当…‘应该”的含义比其他三个词更强些。2.Bob，mayI__yourMP4?一Sure．Butyou"dbetternot_________ittoothers．[A.lend；lendBlend；borrowCborrow；borrowD.borrow；lend[答案]D。[解析]本题考查动词borrow和lend的区别.由语境可判断前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。3.--Whataboutplayingfootballthisafternoon,Sam?--Iwouldrather__athomethan  __football.It"stoohotoutside.A.stay;playingB.stay;playC.tostay;toplay   D.tostay;playing[答案]：A。[解析]本题考查了wouldrather的固定短语的应用。WouldratherdoAthandoB和做B比起来，宁愿做A。 4.Heusedto________inthesun,butnowheisusedto   atnight.A.read,read  B.reading,readC.read,reading    D.reading,reading[答案]：C。[解析]考查固定结构的用法。Used后接动词不定时，beusedto后接动名词。故选C。5.You________doitifyoureallydon"twantto.A.needn"t      B.mustn"t  C.can"t    D.couldn"t[答案]A。[解析]考查情态动词。本题应由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的话，你“没有必要”做它，所以正确答案为A项。6.--MayIdotherestoftheworktomorrow?--Yea,ofcourse.You___________finishittoday.A.must       B.mustn"t     C.needn"t[答案]C。[解析]思路分析：根据句意可知，needn’t不必 7.You________betiredafterworkingforeighthourswithoutarest.A.can       B.may     C.must    D.need[答案]C。[解析]本题考查情态动词must，can，may8need的区别。情态动词must在此表示肯定的推测。8.一Lookattheboyrunningontheground．IsitDavis?——It____behim．Isawhimgototheteacher"sofficejustnow．A．must        Bcan"t      C．could       D．might[答案]B。[解析]考查情态动词。表推测时否定句中用can"t。表示“不可能”，因为他已经去了老师的办公室。 1._________Iopenthewindow?It"shothere.A.MustB.ShallC.WillD.Would2.GoandaskMrLiu.He_________tellyou.A.mayB.canC.wouldD.could3._________youpleasetellmethetimeplease?A.ShallB.WillC.MayD.Might4.—_________Itryoutalltheideas?—No,you_________.A.Must,mustn"tB.Need,needC.Must,don"thavetoD.Must,don"t5._________IspeaktoMrGreen，please?A.WillB.CouldC.MustD.WouldBABCB课时训练 9.HesaidKate_____cometotheparty.ButIdon"tthinkso.A.couldB.mightC.needD.must10.—NeedIdomylessonsrightnow?—Yes,you_________.A.needB.canC.shouldD.must11.—Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?—I"dloveto.ButI"mafraidI___.Ihavetoomuchworktodo.A.can"tB.mustn"tC.needn"tD.maynot12.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful，rubbish_________intotheriver.A.needn"tbethrownB.mustn"tbethrownC.can"tthrowD.maynotthrowBDAB课时训练 10.Don"tworry!Wecangettothebusstationintimeand_________theearlybus.A.don"tmissB.canmissC.willmissD.won"tmiss11.—Pleasedon"tmakeanynoiseinthereadingroom.—_________A.Sorry,Iwon"t.B.Sorry,Ican"t.C.Yes,Iwon"t.D.OK,Ididn"t.12.—MustIreturnyourdigitalcameratomorrow.Tina?—No,you_________.A.mustn"tB.maynotC.needn"tD.won"tACD课时训练 13.—Wouldyoulikesomemore?—_________I"mfull.A.Yes,please.B.I"dloveto.C.No,Iwouldn"t.D.No,thanks.14.You_________swiminthispartofthelake.It"sdangerous.A.mustn"tB.maynotC.needn"tD.won"t15.—Youre-mailaddressagain?I______quitecatchit.—HrZhou@263.com.A.don"tB.can"tC.won"tD.didn"tADD课时训练