英语语法复习总结-虚拟语气 35页

TheSubjunctiveMood IwishIwereastallasyou.mycomputerwereassmallashis.Part1 wish（that）sb.与现在/将来事实相反的情况(用过去式)与过去事实相反的情况（用过去完成式）bewerebeabletowereableto2.can/may/willcould/might/would3.have/hashad4.do/doesdid1.was/werehadbeen2.didhaddone IwishIwereabirdandcouldflyintheskyandviewthewholecity. Iwish(that)everydayweremybirthdayandIcouldhavenicecakestoeat. Iwish...IwishIhadstudiedharder.IwishIhadpassedtheexam. SubjunctiveMood类别例句用在动词wish后，表示不太可能实现的愿望；如果指现在或将来的愿望，从句的动词用Ved1;如果指过去，从句用had+Ved2;主句中的wish的时态不影响从句中的动词的虚拟语气形式；如果从句中用would，可以表示“请求”，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满1.Iwish(that)Iwereanactor.2.IwishIknewmoreaboutthehistory.3.IwishIhadbeentoFinland.4.Hewishedhisgirlfriendwerethere.5.Shewishedshehadn’tdoneit.6.Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsuchsillyquestions. Part2if真实条件句（条件状语从句）虚拟语气 Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?IwillstayathomesurfingontheInternet.We’llhavemusiclessoninsteadofPEintheclassroomifitrainstomorrow.真实条件句 if用于虚拟语气：对现在事实的假设if从句一般过去式(be都用were)主句should(would,couldmight)+动词原形 Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereateacher?IfI____ateacher,I….were Ifheweren’taddictedtogames,hewouldmakegreaterprogressinhisstudies.Whatwouldhappenifhewerenotaddictedtogames? 2.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould… IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwould….Iwould…. if条件从句haddone主句should(couldmightwould)+havedonebeendoneif用于虚拟语气：对过去事实的假设 IfI____________busylastnight,I_____________toseethefilmwithyou.hadnotbeenwouldhavegone Ifhemorecarefully,hethecaraccidentyesterday.wouldnothavehadhaddriven Ifhe__________________(notreceive)theinfectedbloodtransfusionthatday,hadnotreceivedhe(notinfect)withAIDS.couldnothavebeeninfectedIfI___________(know)yourtelephonenumber,I_________________________(telephone)youalready.hadknownwouldhavetelephoned SubjunctiveMood情况例句现在1.IfIweretired,Iwouldhavearest.2.IfIknewhisaddress,Icouldwritetohim过去1.Ifhehadsetoutearlier,hewouldhavecaughttheearlybus.将来1.IfIshouldhavetimetomorrow,Iwouldgotothelibrary.2.Ifheweretocomeherethisevening,wewouldinvitehimtoattendtheparty.3.Ifitrainedthisafternoon,thefootballmatchwouldbepostponeduntilnextSaturday. SubjunctiveMood省略if的条件从句的结构说明例句如果虚拟条件从句的谓语含有were,had或should,即可省略if，将were,had或should放到主语之前1.Ifshewerefreenow,shewouldgowithyou.2.IfIweretodotheexperiment,Iwouldsavesomemoney.3.Ifhehadnotcome,theywouldhavegone.4.Ifheshouldgiveupsmoking,hisillnesswouldbecured.1.Wereshefree...,shewould...2.WereItodothe...,Iwould...3.Hadhenotcome,theywouldhave...4.Shouldhegiveup...,his...wouldbe... 介词without引导的短语代替if引导的条件从句说明例句有时if引导的虚拟条件从句，可用介词without引导的短语来代替1.Iftherewerenowater,fishcouldnotlive.2.Ifyouhadnothelpedme,Iwouldhavefailed.3.IfthePartydidn’tleadus,wecouldnotrealize...1.Withoutwater,fishcouldnotlive.2.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.3.WithouttheParty’sleadership,wecouldnotrealize... 混合条件句说明例句有时条件从句和主句的时态不一致，这种句子称作混合条件句1.Ifyouhadworkedharder,yourEnglishwouldbebetternow.2.Ifhehadgivenmetheticketyesterday,Iwouldattendtheconcertnow.3.Ifithadnotbeenformethen,youwouldnotbealive.如果你过去……，你的英语现在……如果昨天他……，现在我……要不是那时……，你现在…… Part3asif/asthough引导的虚拟语气asif/asthough+sb.were...HelooksatmeasifI...werefromMars.sb.haddone Irememberthewholethingasthough.....Irememberthewholethingasthoughitwereyesterday. Hetalksasthough…hehadmetthesupermanhewerethesuperman SubjunctiveMood用在状语从句中（一）说明例句虚拟语气用在由asif或asthough引导的比较方式状语从句中，其谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词形式相同说在asif/asthough从句中，如果可能成为事实，用陈述语气；如：明Shelooksasifsheisgoingtobeill.1.Shelovestheboyasifshewerehismother.2.Thenecklacemadeofglasslooksasifitwerearealdiamondnecklace.3.Shetalksasthoughshehadknownusforyears.4.Irememberthethingclearlyasifithadhappenedyesterday. 在一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order,command）,三个建议（suggest,advice,propose）,四个要求（ask,demandrequest,require）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。这些词的其他形式，用法相同。我建议马上动身。Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.学生们坚持要多上英语课。Thestudentsinsistedthatthey(should)havemoreEnglishclasses.Part4建议、命令、要求类的虚拟语气 SubjunctiveMood说明例句虚拟语气用在主语从句中，主要有以下几种句型：Itissuggested(desired,requested,ordered,proposed,etc)that...从句中的谓语动词常用should+V表示，也可省略should而用V1.Itissuggestedthatweshouldgoswimmingeverydayinsummer.2.ItisrequestedthatsheshouldsinganEnglishsongattheparty. 说明例句用在order,suggestion,demand,request,proposal等名词后面的同位语从句或者表语从句中，从句的谓语动词应用should+V表示，should可以省略同位语从句表语从句1.HemadeasuggestionthatweshouldhaveafootballmatchwithClassFour.2.Theyreceivedordersthattheyshouldstartatonce.3.Napoleonhadademandthateachsoldiershouldanswerhisthreequestions.1.MysuggestionisthatweshouldcarryonanEnglishparty.2.Hisrequestisthatheshouldbeallowedtoaskforleave.3.Herproposalisthatweshouldrestforanhour. It’snecessary(natural,important,strange,surprising,better,apity,nowonder)＋that时，从句谓语的虚拟形式用（should）＋原形动词.高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。Itisnecessarythatahighschoolstudentshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。Itisimportantthatweshouldspeakpolitely.Part5 SubjunctiveMood说明例句虚拟语气用在主语从句中，主要有以下几种句型：1)Itisnecessary(natural,strange,important,essential,etc)that...3)Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc)that...从句中的谓语动词常should+V表示，也可省略should而用V1.ItisnecessarythatweshouldspendanhourlearningEnglisheveryday.2.Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnhard.5.Itisapitythatheshouldtellalie.6.ItisnowonderthatanEnglishmanshouldknowEnglish.7.Itisashamethatoneshouldstealsomethingfromothers. Part6在itis(high)timethat...句型中的虚拟语气说明例句在Itis(high)timethat...句型中（that引导的是主语从句），从句用虚拟语气，其动词用Ved1,表示现在或将来的状态或行为，意思是“该干某件事了”，含有晚了一点的意思，为了强调，往往在time前加high1.Itistimethatwewenthome.2.Itistimethatyouhandedinyourcomposition.3.Itistimethathewas(were)off.4.Itis(high)timethatwestarted. Part7用在Ifonly感叹句中说明例句Ifonly表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”，它的用法和Iwish基本相同。如与would连用，则表示一时很难实现的愿望1.Ifonlyhedidn’twritesocarelessly!2.Ifonlyshehadarrivedintime.3.Ifonlytherainwouldstop! SubjunctiveMoodPart8wouldrather后的that从句中的虚拟说明例句wouldrather意为“宁愿”，that从句动词用Ved1表示还不是事实1.Wouldyourather(that)shecametoseeme?2.Iwouldratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway. Part9sothat,inorderthat状语从句中的虚拟语气说明例句虚拟语气用在由sothat和inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用“may(might,can,could)+动词原形”1.Hestayedatschoolforafewdayssothathecouldfinishhisexperimentintime.2.Theteacherspokeslowlyinorderthatshecouldmakeherselfunderstood.3.InorderthatshemightdiscovertheelementradiumMadameCuriedidexperimentafterexperiment.4.Hestartedearlysothathemightnotbelate.