初中英语语法精讲精练----主谓一致 4页

初中英语语法精讲精练·主谓一致·整理MissWang初中英语语法精讲精练：主谓一致　　主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面：语法一致；意义一致；就近一致（就近原则）。一语法一致(意义一致)：主语复数----谓语复数；主语单数-----谓语单数1主语复数的情况----谓复⑴people,police,staff,crowd,sheep,cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，Thepolicearewaitingfortheboy.Thestaffaredressedasclowns.⑵由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。⑶“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。TheSmithsarehavingdinner.⑷the＋a.表一类人，做主语，谓语用复数；但表示抽象概念时，用单数形式：　　Thepooraren’talwaysverysad,whilethericharen’talwayshappy.　　Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。2主语单数的情况-----谓单⑴单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式：　　Somewaterisinthebottle.　　Theboyisplayingfootballontheplayground.　⑵manya+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式：　　ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.⑶morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：　　MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。⑷表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度等度量词或短语作主语时，常看作整体概念，谓单：　　Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。　　Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英镑并不太重。　　Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。⑸表加减乘除的数学运算做主语，谓单：Threeplustwoisfive.　　Fiveminusfourisone.Threetimestwoissix.Eightdividedbyfouristwo.⑹eachAandeachB和everyAandeveryB作主语，谓单：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。　Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。⑺oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓单：　　Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。⑻动词不定式，动名词,句子作主语时，谓单：　　Toseeistobelieve　眼见为实。　　Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。WhowillbeourEnglishteacherisunknown.⑼a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓单：　　Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。4 初中英语语法精讲精练·主谓一致·整理MissWang⑽主语为某些词组，如oneof,eachof,everyoneof,anyoneof,noneof等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：Oneofmyfavoritesportsisbasketball.⑾不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主语，谓单：　　Iseveryoneheretoday.　　Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.　　Nobodywasin.⑿each,either,neither,another,theother作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：　　EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。　　Neitheransweriscorrect两个答案都不正确。⒀s结尾的表单数意义的名词作主语，谓单，如news,maths,physics等：　　Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。　　Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我们班数学很受欢迎。3谓语根据主语单复数意义来定的情况：⑴anumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；thenumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：　　Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。　　Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。⑵相同两部分组成的名词做主语，谓复；当名词前kindof,pairof,glassof等表示量的短语修饰时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致：Thebluetrousersaremine.　　ThispairofshoesisTom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。　　Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.桌上有两杯水。⑶“lotsof/alotof/plentyof+名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数75percentoflandiscoveredwithwater.Threefourthsofstudentsaregirlsinourclass.Lotsofmoneyisneeded.Plentyofwaterhasbeenpolluted.⑷由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数：①a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物:Thewriterandteacheriscoming.②a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物：　　Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.　作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)⑸family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指整体时，谓单;指具体成员时，谓复数：　　Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。　　MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。⑹none如指量，用单数。若指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语用单也可用复，none如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。Noneofthelandhasbecomedesert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。Noneofthestudentsintheclassaretiredofhislesson.⑺all/most/half/twothirdsof/therestof+名词作主语，谓语动词取决于of后面的名词：Mostofhistimeisspentonstudy.4 初中英语语法精讲精练·主谓一致·整理MissWangAlloftheworkhastobefinishedatonce.Mostofthegirlsarefondofskiing.⑻当主语后有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定：　　MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。　　Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。二就近一致（就近原则）⑴以here，there为首的句子，谓语动词常与临近的主语一致：　　Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。　　Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.这是给你的书和纸。Herecomesthebus!Herearethebooks,apenforyou.⑵or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式：　　TomorJackiswrong.不是汤姆就是杰克错了。　　Eitherthisoneorthatoneisok.这一个或那一个都行。NotonlyyoubutalsohehasbeentoJapan.经典习题II.选择填空。1.-----Areyouworriedwhenyoursonoftenplayscomputergames?-----Yes.Ithinkplayingcomputergames_______onteenagers.A.haveagoodeffectB.hasagoodeffectC.hasabadeffect2.Theoldwoman,togetherwithhertwograndsons,______crossingtheroad.A.are            B.is          C.has             D.have3.Thispairoftrousers______Lucy’s.Yourtrousers______onyourbed.A.is,are        B.is,is         C.are,are        D.are,is4. Tenkilometers______averylongwaytogoinaday.A.are               B.has              C.is                D.have5.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therethen.A.is   B.was   C.are    D.were6.Whathewantedtoknow______whytheydidn’ttellhim.A.are           B.was         C.were         D.is7.Eitheryouorhe______tostayathomethisafternoon.A.has       B.have        C.are              D.is8.Neitherofthetwins______bread.A.like      B.likes   C.liked     D.islike9.Fishandchips______myfavoritefood.A.is     B.are       C.has     D.become10.Thesingeranddancer______cometoourcity.A.are     B.is       C.have   D.has11.Three-fourthsofthewater______gone.4 初中英语语法精讲精练·主谓一致·整理MissWangA.is        B.are         C.have     D.were12.Everybody,menandwomen,youngandold,______listeningtotheradiohere.A.enjoys     B.enjoy      C.isenjoyed    D.areenjoyed13.EitherTomorMaria______suretoknowtheanswer.A.are   B.be    C.is   D.were14.Neitheryounorhe______howtoanswerthequestion.A.know B.knows   C.knowing   D.toknow15.Iaswellasthey______readytohelpyou.A.am       B.are        C.is       D. be16.Thenumberofthestudentsintheclass______aboutforty.A.is          B.are         C.were       D.have17.Everyhourandeveryminute______important.A.are     B.be     C.is     D.were18.Look!TheTurnerfamily______havingsupperunderthetreeinfrontoftheirhouse.A.is        B.are       C.like         D.like19.Notonlythetwinsbutalsotheirfather______thefilm.A.like       B.likes       C.liking        D.islike20.Heisoneofthechildrenwho______fondofplayingfootball.A.is          B.was      C.were         D.are21.I’mgoingtodosomeshoppingthisSunday.---So____.A.  do  B.will   C.amI  D.Iam22. What___thepopularofCanada?Doyouthinkitwill_____?A.     is;become B.are;become C.are;grow D.is;grow23. Evenachildknowsthat____aremadeof___.A. glasses;glass B.glass;glassC.glasses;glassesD.glass;glasses24. TheSmiths____Chinasincethesummerof1993.  A.hasbeento  B.havebeento C.hasbeenin D.havebeenin25. Inourcountry,theold___takengoodcareofandtheyoung___welleducated. A.is，is  B.are，are    C.has ,has     D.have,have4