五六七八年级英语语法总结及相应练习 43页

一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时一、一般现在时定义：表示经常、反复发生的动作，经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作（有时间规律发生的事情）的一种时间状态。具体用法1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。（always,usually,often,sometimes,everydaymorningnighteveningafternoonweek,）e.g.Igotoschoolat8:00everymorning.2.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态及喜好等。e.gSheis11yearsold.Idon’tlikeEnglish.ShecanspeakEnglishwell.3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。e.gTheearthmovesaroundthesun.基本结构构成:含有be（am、is、are）动词的用法结构：肯定句：Iam+其它Youtheyweare+其它Sheheit+is+其它否定句：Iamnot+其它。Youtheywearenot+其它Sheheit+is+not+其它一般疑问句及回答：单数：Areyou+其它？肯定回答：Yes,Iam.否定回答：No,Iamnot.Issheheit+其它？肯定回答:Yes,sheheitis.否定回答:No,sheheitisnot.复数：Areyoutheyyou+其它？肯定回答:Yes,wetheyare.否定回答：No,wetheyarenot.从上面结构中你能总结出be动词的用法吗？单数________，复数_________；我用_________，你用__________，______________-连着她他它。含实义动词的结构：肯定句：主语（I,we,you,they,）+动词原形+其它。否定句：主语（I,we,you,they）+don’t+动原+其它。一般疑问句：Do+主语（you,they）+动原+其它？肯定回答;Yes,主语（I,we,you,they）+do.否定回答:No,主语（I,we,you,they）+don’t.e.g.Theygetupat6:00everyday.你能帮它改个造型吗？否定句：_________________________一般疑问句___________________________当主语为第三人称单数时肯定句主语(she,he,it)+动词三单+其它Sheplayschesswell.否定句主语(she,he,it)+doesn’t+动词原形+其它。Shedoesn’tplaychesswell.一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其它？Doessheplaychesswell?肯定回答Yes,主语+doseYes,shedoes. 否定回答No,主语+doesn’tNo,shedoesn’t特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？Whatdoessheplaywell?e.g.Mr.Yangteachesusmath.否定句：_________________________一般疑问句：___________________________________肯定回答_______________________________________动词第三人称单数的变化规则：1、一般情况加S,e.glike---likesswim---swims2、以s,x,sh,ch,及o结尾的词加es.e.g.watch—watches3、以辅音字母加y结尾的词，要变y为I再加es.E.g.study---studies.一、句型变变变。这些句子要求“变脸”，你能满足它们吗？1.Jeffhaslunchatschool.（改为一般疑问句）Jefflunchatschool?2.TheyhaveanEnglishclasseveryday.（改为否定句）They__________anEnglishclasseveryday.3．IamyourEnglishteacher.(改为一般疑问句)_________youourEnglishteacher.4.Jimdoeshishomeworkeveryday.(改为否定句)Jim____________________.二、.单词“化妆会”。小小单词就要登台演出了，你能帮助化妆吗？1.Hedoesn’tplaysports,heonlyw______themonTV.2..Tom_______（有）someEnglishbooks.3.Theboy_________(nothave)breakfast.4..Doesyourfather_____（like）sports?二、现在进行时定义：用来表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现阶段一直在进行着的动作。【注意】一些表示状态和意愿的动词，如be,like,want,know,think,have等，不能用于现在进行时态中。如，Iwanttogohomenow.现在进行时的构成现在进行时由"_____________"构成。be并不是助动词，而是am/is/are这三个be动词应与主语的人称和数保持一致,进行时的两重要部分，be动词和v-ing这两者缺一不可。现在进行时的应用在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况：　　(1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：　　Theyareplayingbasketballnow.现在他们正在打篮球。　　(2)以look,listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：　　Listen！SheissinginganEnglishsong.听，她正在唱英语歌。　　(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有thisweek,thesedays等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：　　WearepracticingspokenEnglishthesedays.这些天我们在练习英语口语。　　(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：Lookatthepicture.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。现在进行时的结构肯定句式：主语+be(am,is,are)+现在分词+其它.Sheisplayingchessnow.　否定句式：主语+be(am,is,are)+not+现在分词+其它.Sheisnotplayingchessnow.一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？Issheplayingchessnow?肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.否定回答：No,主语+benot特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am,is,are)+主语+现在分词+其它？现在分词的构成规则:1直接在动词原形末尾加-ing,如play-playingwork--working2以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing,如have-havingwrite--writing 3以重读闭音节结尾的单词，结尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个字母，再加-ing。如，begin-beginningsit--sitting　4特殊变化：lie-lying，接下来检验一下大家学习成果一、（写出动词的ing形式）Forexample:dodoing1.clean_______2.work_______3.watch_______4go_______5.play_______6study_______7.take_______8.have__9.dance_______10.get_______11.run_______12.swim_______13.sit______14.shop______15.stop_____二、.“火眼金睛”。你能排除干扰，从下面的四个选项中，找出一个正确的答案吗()1.Sheis___asweatertoday.　　A.puttingonB.putsonC.wearingD.wears()2.I___togohomenow.　　A.wantB.wantsC.towantD.amwanting()3.Theboyisn’t___theteacher.　　A.listenB.listeningC.listenningtoD.listeningto()4.Listen!She___intheclassroom.　　A.singB.singsC.singingD.issinging()5.Myparentsoften___TVintheevening.　　A.watchB.seeC.lookD.lookat()6.----Where’sJennifer?-----HeintheriverA.swimsB.isswimmingC.waitingforD.swimming三一般过去时定义：一般过去式表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；时间状语（twohours,oneyear…）ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,last(week,year,night,month…),具体时间,justnow,attheageof…,oneday,longago,onceuponatime(很久以前),etc.动词变化规则规则动词的过去式变化如下：（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed如：workedplayedwantedacted（2）以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加–d如：livedmovedhoped（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed如：studiedtriedcried（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加–ed如：stoppedshoppedplanned常见的不规则的动词过去式：go-wentdo-didis-wasare-werehave/has-hadbuy-boughtmeet-metsay-saidfly-flewcome-cameknow-knewread-readwrite-wrotespend-spentswim-swambecome-becamerun-ranbegin-beganfind-foundtake-tookteach-taughttell-toldstand-stoodput-putfeel-feltmake-madesee-sawgrow-grewget-gotsit-satcatch-caughtbring-brought基本句型结构1)含实义动词的一般过去时肯定句主语+动词过去式+其它Sheplayedchesslastnight.否定句主语+didn’t+动词原形+其它Shedidn’tplaychesslastningt.一般疑问句Did+主语+动词原形+其它Didsheplaychesslastnight?肯定回答Yes,主语+did.Yes,shedid.否定回答No,主语+didn’t.No,shedidn’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatdidshedolastnight?2）be动词的一般过去时 肯定句主语+waswere+其它Shewas11yearsoldlastyear.否定句主语+waswere+not+其它Shewasnot11yearsoldlastyear.一般疑问句WasWere+主语+其它？Wasshe11yearsyearsoldlastyear?肯定回答Yes,主语+waswere.Yes,shewas.否定回答No,主语+waswere+notNo,shewasnot.句型转换1．Mymotherhasabusyweekendeveryweek．(用lastweek改写)Mymother____________abusyweekendlastweek．2．Hestudiedforthemathtestyesterday．(对画线部分提问)___________________he__________yesterday?3．Myweekendwasverygreat．(对画线部分提问)________________________yourweekend?4．Hereadsabookabouthistoryeveryday．(用lastyear改写句子)He_________abookabouthistorylastyear．1.Iwilltellhimassoonashe_____back.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came2.Mary_____onshoeswhenshe____them.A.tries…buysB.tries…buiesC.trys…buysD.trys…buies3.Thegirloften______coldwhenshe______.A.catchs…dancesB.catches…dancesC.catchs…danceesD.catches…dancees4._____he____himselfthere?No,Idon"tthinkso.A.Do…enjoyB.Does…enjoiesC.Does…enjoysD.Does…enjoy5._____yourteacher____fromthemveryoften?Certainly.A.Do…hearB.Does…hearC.Do…receiveD.receive6._____yourmother_____somecleaningonSundays?A.Does…doesB.Do…doesC.Does…doD.Do…do7._____Tom_____toworkhardtohelphisfamily?Yes,he_____.A.Has…x…doesB.Has…x…doesC.Does…has…hasD.Does…have…does8.Whichteacher_____lessonstoyoueveryday?A.does…givesB.does…giveC.do…giveD.gives9.Smithdoesnotgofishingonweekdays,____?_____,hedoes.A.doeshe…NoB.doeshe…YesC.doesn"the…NoD.doesn"the…Yes10.MrBlackoften_____fishingonSundays,_____he?A.goes…doesn"tB.goes…isn"tC.doesn"tgo…doesD.doesn"tgo…is11.Heusually_____TVonSundayevening.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.iswatching12.We"llgotoplaywithsnowifit______tomorrow.A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowed13.NeitherInorhe______French.A.speakB.doesn"tspeakC.speaksD.doesn"tspeak14.Nobody______howtorunthismachines.A.knowB.haveknownC.knowsD.isknowing15.TheYoungPioneer_____waterfortheoldmaneveryday.A.carryB.bringC.takesD.carries16.Someare______intheriverandsomeare______games.A.swimming…playingB.swimming…plaiingC.swimming…IplayingD.swimming…plaing17.Look!Theboystudentsare_____footballwhilethegirlsare_____.A.playing…danceB.playing…dancingC.play…dancingD.play…dance18.He_____todohislessonsateightevery evening.A.isbeginningB.isbeginningC.beginD.begins19._____he_____onwellwithhisfriendsthisterm?A.Does…getsB.Does…getC.Is…gettingD.Is…geting20.MrSmith_____shortstories,buthe____aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting…iswritingB.iswriting…WritesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes21.I_____tothecinema.I______thereeverySunday.A.go…goB.amgoing…goC.go…amgoingD.amgoing…amgoing22.Look,they______agoodtime,____they?A.have…doB.have…don"tC.arehaving…areD.arehaving…aren"t23.You______aboutthefuturenow,______you?A.don"tthink…don"tB.aren"tthinking…aren"tC.don"tthink…doD.aren"tthinking…are24.Shealways______somethingwhenevershe______.A.studied…playedB.studied…plaiedC..studied…plaiedD.studied…played25.Heoften_____lateintheforest.It_____meverymuch.,A.stayed…worriedB.staied…WorriedC.stayed…worryedD.staied…worried26.I______thattheboy_____withnotearsinhiseyes.A.noticed…cryedB.noticed…CriedC.noticed…criedD.noticed…cryed27.We_____thefloorand_____allthewindows.A.mopped…cleannedB.moped…cleanedC.mopped…cleanedD.moped…cleaned28.WhenI_____theChildren"sPalace,thechildren_____withjoy.A.visited…jumppedB.visited…jumpedC.visited…jumpedD.visited…jumpped29.______asportsmeetlastSunday?Yes,they______.A.Didtheyhave…didB.Didtheyhave…hadC.Hadthey…hadD.Hadthey…did30.____you_____outforawalkaftersupper?Yes,I______.A.Did…went…wentB.Did…go…wentC.Did…went…didD.Did…go…did31._____Jack_____onwithhisworkor______tohavearest?A.Did…went…stoppedB.Did…go…StopC.Did…went…stopD.Did…go…stopped32.Yougavethematalktwodaysago,_____you?Yes,I______.A.did…didB.did…gaveC.didn"t…didD.didn"t…gave33.____yourbrother_____aletterto?Myfather.A.Who…wroteB.What…wroteC.Whodid…writeD.Whatdid…write34.They_____abouttheTVnewstheninthesitting-room.Theyoften____suchtalksA.talked…hadB.talk…haveC.weretalking…hadD.aretalking…have35.He______somecookingatthattime,so_____me.A.did…heardB.did…didn"thearC.wasdoing…heardD.wasdoing…didn"thear36."_____youangrythen?""They_toomuchnoise.”A.Are…weremakingB.Were…weremakingC.Are…madeD.Were…made37.ThistimeyesterdayJack_____his,bike.He_____TV.A.repaired…didn"twatchB.wasrepairing…watchedC.repaired…watchedD.wasrepairing…wasn"twatching38.We_____forTomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus______.A.werewaiting…waitingB.werewaiting…waitC.waited…waitingD.waited…wait39.Whenyou_____atthedoor,I_____somewashing.A.knocked…didB.wasknocking…didC.knocked…wasdoingD.knock…amdoing40.Theboy_____EnglishontheradiowhenI_____hisdoor.A.learned…wasopeningB.waslearning…openedC.learned…openedD.islearning…open 41.Whenthey______throughtheforest,abear_____atthem.A.walked…wascomingB.werewalking…cameC.weretalking…comesD.walk…iscoming42.Ayoungman_____herwhileshe_____herwork.A.watched…wasfinishingB.waswatching…finishedC.watched…finishedD.waswatching…wasfinishing43.Whilemother_____somewashing,I______akiteforKack.A.did…madeB.wasdoing…madeC.wasdoing…wasmakingD.did…wasmaking44.I_____myselfFrenchfrom7to9yesterdaymorning.I_____towork.A.wasteaching…didn"tgoB.taught…didn"tgoC.wasteaching…wentD.taught…went45.He_____amodelplanewhenIcametoseehim.A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.made46.I______aletteratninelastnight.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.iswriting47.Theteacher_____(give)usahistorylessonwhenTomwalkedintotheclassroom.A.gaveB.isgivingC.wasgivenD.wasgiving48.Therewillbeafootballmatchintwodays,thatis_______.A.lastSundayB.nextSundayC.everySundayD.thisSunday49.We______classmeetingthisNovember.A.hadB.haveC.willhaveD.arehaving50.He______inhisgardeneverymorningnextyear.A.willworkB.worksC.workedD.isworking51.Becareful.Thetrain______.A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming52.Lookatthoseclouds.It_____soon,I"mafraid.A.isgoingtorainB.israiningC.willrainD.won"train53.Theradiosaysit______thedayaftertomorrow.A.isgoingtosnowB.issnowingC.willsnowD.snows54._____he_____someshoppingtomorrowafternoon?A.Will…doesB.isgoingtodoC.is…doingD.Shall…do55.Whatday_____it______tomorrow?Wednesday.A.is…goingtobeB.will…beC.shall…beD.does…be56.Theboy_______sixteenyearsoldnextyear.A.isgoingtobeB.isgrowingtobeC.willbeD.is57._____you____meupatsix,please?A.Are…goingtowakeB.Are…wakingC.Will…wakeD.Do…wake58.Ifhe______tocollege,he_____alotmore.A.willgo…willlearnB.willgo…isgoingtolearnC.isgoing…isgoingtolearnD.goes…willlearn59.Whenshe_____nexttime,l______hereverything.A.isgoingtocome…shalltellB.willcome…shalltellC.comes…willtellD.come…willtell60.Whatday____it____tomorrow?It____Tuesday.A.is…goingtobe…isB.will…be…willC.is…goingtobe…isgoingD.willbe…willbe61.She_____thatshe_____herbesttohelpthemthenextterm.A.says…willdoB.said…willdoC.said…woulddoD.says…woulddo62.People_____thattheSmiths_____foraholidaynextweek.A.say…willgoB.said…willgoC.said…wouldgoD.say…wouldgo63.Nobody_____usthathe_____evenstricterwith usA.tell…willbeB.tells…wouldbeC.told…willbeD.told…wouldbe64.Please_____himthatwe_____abletohelphim.A.tell…willbeB.tells…wouldbeC.told…willbeD.told…wouldbe65.Jack_____thatthey_____surprisedtoseeitthisFriday.A.know…wouldbeB.knows…willbeC.knew…wouldbeD.knew…willbe66.I_____toknowifMary_____bytrainthatafternoon.A.want…wouldgoB.want…willgoC.wanted…wouldgoD.wanted…willgo67._____he_____thatthey_____hometomorrow?A.Does…learn…wouldgoB.Does…learn…willgoC.Did…learn…wouldgoD.Did…learn…willgo68.We_____thatthey_____asportsmeettomorrow.A.learn…wouldhaveB.havelearned…wouldhaveC.learn…willhaveD.havelearned…willhave69.____you_____thathe_____hislostsononeday?A.Do…think…willfindB.Do…thought…wouldfindC.Did…think…willfindD.Did…thought…wouldfind70.I_____thatyou_____goodcareofherthatday.A.thought…willtakeB.thought…wouldtakeC.think…willtakeD.think…wouldtake71.Thevisitors_____wherethey_____ashorttest.A.ask…wouldtakeB.ask…willtakeC.asked…wouldtakeD.asked…cantake72.John____surethathe____goodatchemistrysoon.A.be…willbeB.is,wouldbeC.was…willbeD.was…wouldbe73.She____illsoshe____abletogoskatingthenextday.A.is…won"tbeB.is…wouldn"tbeC.was…won"beD.was…wouldn"tbe74.He_____thethieftothepolicewhenhe_____themanagain.A.wouldtake…wouldmeetB.wouldtake…metC.willtake…willmeetD.willtake…meet75.Mother____meanewcoatyesterday,I_____iton.Itfitsmewell.A.hasmade…havetriedB.made…havetriedC.hasmade…triedD.made…tried76."He____todrawhorsesalready.""When____he?”."Lastyear."A.learned…hasB.learned…didC.haslearned…hasD.haslearned…did77.Tom____upintothetree.Look,he_____highupthere!A.hasgot…IsB.hasclimbed…wasC.got…wasD.climbed…is78._____you_____thetextyet?Yes,we_____ittwohoursago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…haveC.Have…copied…didD.Did…copy…had79."Whysheangry?""Becausehe_____athejustnow.A.did…get,shoutedB.has…got…shoutedC.did…get…hasshoutedD.has…got…hasshouted80._____you______thefilmbefore?Where____you_____it?A.Have…seen…did…seeB.Did…see…die…watchC.Have…seen…have…seenD.Did…see…have…seen81.You_____mewaitingfortwohours.I_____foryousincefive.A.Kept…waitedB.havekept…waitedC.kept…havewaitedD.havekept…havewaited82.Where_____John_____?Tothelibrary.He_____thereforanhour.A.has…been…hasgoneB.has…gone…hasbeenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went83._____thebabystill_____?No,it______crying.A.Has…cried…hasstoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did…cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…hasstopped84.I_____theway.I______hereforquitemanyyears.A.knew…havelivedB.knew…liveC.know…havelivedD.know…live85._____youever_____America?Yes,Ihave.A.Have…gonetoB.Have…goneinC.Have…beentoD.Have…been in86.Mybrother_______collegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeenfor87.He_____theArmybytheendof1992.He____inthearmysincethen.A.joined…isB.hasjoined…hasbeenC.hadjoined…isD.hasjoined…hasbeen88.BythetimeI_____backthey____uptenmetres.A.came…haveclimbedB.came…hadclimbedC.come…haveclimbedD.hadcome…climbed89.Jack____overfivelessonsbyseveno"clock.Thenhe____atest.A.went…tookB.went…hadtakenC.hadgone…tookD.hadgone…hadtaken90.We_____outbythattimethathe____athiefforalongtime.A.hadfound…hadbeenB.hadfound…wasC.found…hadbeenD.found…was91.Beforethenew_____him,he____toknowaboutit.A.reaches…hasgotB.reached…hadgotC.reached…gotD.hadreached…got92.I_____himasecondletterbeforeI_____fromhim.A.wrote…heardB.wrote…hadheardC.hadwritten…heardD.havewritten…hear93.We_____inagoodharvestbecausewe______enoughrain.A.didn"tget…hadhadB.got…hadhadC.hadgot…hadbadD.got…hadn"thad94.They____forfivehourswhenthey____inNewYork.A.flew…arrivedB.hadflown…hadarrivedC.flew…hadarrivedD.hadflown…arrived95.She____that____itfortwodaysbythatday.A.says…hasrainedB.says…hadrainedC.said…hadrainedD.said…rained96.John_____theresincetheyearbefore,sohe____them.A.hadworked…knewB.hadworked….hadknownC.worked…knewD.worked…hadknown"97.He_____angrybecausehe_____foralongtime.A.hadgot…hadwaitedB.got…waitedC.hadgot…waitedD.got…hadwaited98.Paper_____firstinventedinChina.A.isB.areC.wasD.were99.TheGreens_____Chinaforfiveyears.A.hasbeeninB.havebeeninC.wenttoD.hasgoneto100.There_____aneraserunderthedesk.Isityours?A.isB.hasC.wasD.had初中therebe句型用法及配套练习一：therebe句型基本认识1、定义：Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2)Thereare+复数名词+地点状语.注意事项： there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。如：①Thereisabirdinthetree.  树上有一只鸟。   ②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。  ③Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree.树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。二：therebe句型的常考点考点一：各种句型转化。1：变成否定Therebe句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，nota/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。例如：Therearesomepicturesonthewall.→Therearen"tanypicturesonthewall.=Therearenopicturesonthewall.Thereisabikebehindthetree.→Thereisn"tabikebehindthetree.=Thereisnobikebehindthetree. 2：变成一般疑问句Therebe句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。ThereissomewateronMars.→IsthereanywateronMars?Therearesomefishinthewater.→Arethereanyfishinthewater?3：特殊疑问句对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：Therearemanythingsoverthere.→What"soverthere?Thereisalittlegirlintheroom.→Whoisintheroom?对地点状语提问：则用where引导。如：Thereisacomputeronthedesk.→Whereisthecomputer?Therearefourchildrenontheplayground.→Wherearethefourchildren?对数量提问：般有两种句型结构：Howmany+复数名词+arethere+介词短语？Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语？考点二：therebe句型的时态。be可以有现在时（thereis/are）、过去时(therewas/were)、将来时(thereis/aregoingtobe或therewillbe)和完成时(therehave/hasbeen)；还可用theremustbe,therecan’tbe,thereusedtobe等。如：---There______aconcertthisevening.  ---Yeah.Excitingnews!       A.aregoingtobe   B.isgoingtobe   C.isgoingtohave   D.willhave考点三：therebe句型反意疑问句的构成：be(not)there?如：Thereissomemilkinthebottle,____?                A．isn"tthere    B．aren"tthere   C．isn"tit   D．arethere考点四：therebe句型的主谓一致：Therebe结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致,遵循就近原则。如：1.There___anyriceinthebowl.                     A.are     B.is     C.isn’t    D.aren’t2.There___manyapplesonthetreelastyear.A.havebeen   B.were     C.are     D.is  考点五：therebe句型用的其他动词：therebe句型中有时不用动词be，而用come,live,stand,lie,seemtobe,happentobe,等。如：There____aknifeandaforkonthetable.(2007黄冈)A.seemstobe     B. seemtobe   C.isseemingtobe D.are剖析：根据就近原则，首先排除B、D，而therebe句型中有时不用动词be，而用come,live,stand,lie,seemtobe等，所以答案应从A、C中选。感官动词一般不用进行时，故C也不正确。注意事项：therebe句型与have句型的区别(1)Therebe句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：Therebe表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。 如：Hehastwosons.  他有两个儿子。Therearetwomenintheoffice.   办公室里有两个男人。(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，Therebe句型与其可互换。如：Aweekhassevendays.=Therearesevendaysinaweek. 一个星期有七天。三：课堂实地演练I.将下列句子变成否定句和一般疑问句。1.Thereissomewaterinthebottle.2.Therearemanyapplesinthebox.II.对句子划线部分提问。3.Therearesevendaysinaweek.4.Therearelotsofbooksinou rlibrary.5.Thereisaknifeoverthere.6.Thereisalittlemilkintheglass.Ⅲ.单项填空。(  )8.There___not____milkinthecuponthetable.A.are,many   B.are,much   C.is,many     D.is,much(  )10.Howmany___arethereintheroom?   A.apple    B.students   C.milk     D.paper(  )11.Doyouknowif___ameetingnextSunday?     A.therewasgoingtohave   B.therewasgoingtobeC.istheregoingtobe      D.therewillbe(  )12.－Isthisthelastexamwehavetotake?   －No,butthere____anothertestthreemonthslaterfromnow.A.willbegoingto B.is   C.willbe    D.hasbeen(  )13.There______greatchangesinsuchkindofcomputersinthelastfewyears.  A.is    B.are    C.willbe   D.havebeen(  )14.There _____ afilmtomorrowevening．A．willhave   B．have   C．isgoingtobe    D．has(  )15.There________afootballmatchonTVthisevening.        A.willhave B.isgoingtobe C.has D.isgoingtohave(  )16.There____aschoolatthefootofthehill.               A．have    B．stand     C．are    D．stands(  )17.There"sgoingto____intomorrow"snewspapers.           A.havesomethingnew   B.havenewsomethingC.besomethingnew     D.benewsomething(  )19.Howmanyboys____thereinClassone?   A.be    B.is   C.are    D.am(  )20.There____alotofgoodnewsintoday"snewspaper.    A.is    B.are  C.was  D.were(  )21.There____pencil-box,twobooksandsomeflowersonthedesk.    　     A.isa   B.aresome   C.hasa   D.havesome(  )22.There__anappleandtenbananasinthebasket.Youcantakeanyofthem. A.are   B.is C.has D.have(  )23.____anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet?          A．Isthere  B．Arethere  C．Has  D．Have(  )24.There____greatchangesinourcountrysince1982.     A.havebeen  B.were  C.hasbeen  D.are(  )25.Thereislittlewaterintheglass,____?                A.isn"tthere  B.isn"tit   C.isit  D.isthere(  )26.----Thereisnoairorwateronthemoon.Isthere?              ----____.A.Yes,thereare   B.No,thereisn"tC.Yes,thereisn"t  D.No,thereis(  )27.----Whatdidyouseeinthebasketthen?----There____abottleoforangeandsomeoranges.   　    A.is    B.are    C.was    D.were(  )28.____anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet?    A.Isthere    B.Arethere    C.Has     D.Have(  )29.____isthereonthetable?     　    A.Howmanyapples     B.Howmuchbread    C.Howmuchbreads     D.Howmanyfood(  )30.Thereisn"t____paperinthebox.Willyougoandgetsomeforme?  　    A.any    B.some   C.a   D.an(  )31.Howmany____arethereinyourclassroom?   A.desks   B.desk   C.chair    D.door(  )32.There____somethingwrongwithourclassroom. A.are    B.has   C.is     D.have(  )33.Thereissome____onthetable.   A.apple  B.orange  C.cake   D.sandwich(   )34.There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table . A. are, many   B. are , much    C. is ,many     D. is ,much  (   )35.How many ___ are there in the room ?   A. apple     B. students    C. milk      D. paper    (   )36.Do you know if ___ a meeting next Sunday？A. there was going to have    B. there was going to be C. is there going to be       D. there will be  (  )37.－ Is this the last exam we have to take ?   － No, but there ___ another test three months later from now. A. will be going to  B. is    C. will be     D. has been (   )38.There ______ great changes in such kind of computers in the last few years.    A. is     B. are     C. will be    D. have been  (   )39.There  _____  a film tomorrow evening．A．will have    B．have    C．is going to be     D．has (   )40.There  _a football match on TV this evening. A. will have  B. is going to be  C. has D. is going to have    (   )41.There ____ a school at the foot of the hill.   A．have     B．stand      C．are     D．stand                 (   )42.There"s going to ____ in tomorrow"s newspapers.   A. have something new    B. have new something C. be something new      D. be new something (   )43.How many boys ____ there in Class one?    A. be     B. is    C. are     D. am(   )44.There ____ a lot of good news in today"s newspaper.   A. is     B. are   C. was   D. were  (   )45.There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.             A. is a    B. are some    C. has a    D. have some (   )46.There ____ an apple and ten bananas in the basket. You can take any of them.    A. are    B. is    C. has    D. have (   )47. ____ any flowers on both sides of the street? A．Is there   B．Are there   C．Has   D．Have (   )48. There ____ great changes in our country since 1982.  A. have been   B. were   C. has been   D. are   (   )49. There is little water in the glass, ____ ?    A. isn"t there   B. isn"t it    C. is it   D. is there (   )50.----What did you see in the basket then ? --There ____ a bottle of orange and some oranges.    A. is     B. are     C. was     D. were (   )51. ____ any flowers on both sides of the street ?      A. Is there     B. Are there     C. Has      D. Have  (   )52. ____ is there on the table?       A. How many apples      B. How much bread C. How much breads      D. How many food   (   )53. There isn"t ___paper in the box. Will you go and get some for me?  A. any     B. some    C. a    D. an       (   )54. How many ____ are there in your classroom? A. desks    B. desk    C. chair     D. door (   )55. There ____ something wrong with our classroom.  A. are     B. has    C. is      D. have (   )56. There is some ____ on the table.    A. apple   B. orange   C. cake    D. sandwichⅣ.汉译英。1.房子前面有一辆小汽车。2.今晚不开会。3.我能为你做点什么吗？4.山脚下有一棵大树。5.你们班有多少学生？6.桌子上放着什么？7.你丢的那个钱包里有多少钱？初中英语情态动词用法详解情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。考点一：can，may，must等情态动词在陈述句中的用法：1.can的用法：（1）.表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“能、会”，即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may和must均不可代替它。如：Shecanswimfast,butIcan’t.她能游得很快，但我不能。Icanseewithmyeyes.我用眼睛看。（2）.表示许可，常在口语中。如：Youcanusemydictionary.你可以用我的字典。（3）.表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t译为“不可能”。如：Canthenewsbetrue?这个消息会是真的吗？—Canitbeourteacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗？—No,itcan’tbeourteacher.HeisonavisittotheGreatWall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。【例题】—IthinkMissGaomustbeinthelibrary.Shesaidshewouldgothere.—No.She__bethere,Ihavejustbeenthere.　A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知，应为“不可能”，can’t表示推测[答案]A 2.could的用法：（1）.can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：Hecouldwritepoemswhenhewas10.他十岁时就会写诗。（2）.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Couldyoudomeafavour?你能帮我个忙吗？—CouldIuseyourpen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?—Yes,youcan.可以。（注意回答）3.may的用法：（1）.表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：MayIborrowyourbike?我可以借你的自行车吗？Youmaygohomenow.现在你可以回家了。【例题】—_______IborrowyourMP3?—Sure.Hereyouare.A.MayB.ShouldC.MustD.Would【解析】在此处表示请求，意为“做……可以吗”。　答案：A(2).表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：Itmayraintomorrow.明天可能会下雨。Shemaybeathome.她可能在家呢.(3).may的过去式为might，表示推测时。可能性低于may。如：Heisawayfromschool.Hemightbesick.他离开学校了，可能是他生病了。(4).表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+V例如：Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝你过得愉快。Mayyoubehappy!祝你幸福！Mayyousucceed！祝你成功！4.must的用法：(1).must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。如：YoumuststayhereuntilIcomeback.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。MustIhandinmyhomeworkrightnow?我必须现在交作业吗？(2)其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止,不许”.如：Youmustn’tplaywithfire.你不许玩火。Youmustn’tbelate.你一定不要迟到。（3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或don’thaveto.如：—MustIfinishmyhomework?我现在必须完成作业吗？—No,youneedn’t.不，你不必。(4)must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。如:Thelightison,sohemustbeathomenow.灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。注意其反意问句的构成形式：　当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：Shemusthaveseenthefilmbefore，hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)YoumusthavemetuncleWangintheshopyesterday，didn’tyou?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)5.need的用法：（1）.need表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或don’thaveto。如：—NeedIstayhereanylonger?我还有必要留在这儿吗？—Yes,youmust.是的。—No.youneedn’t/don’thaveto.不，你不必。(2).need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：Ineedtodoitrightnow.我需要马上做这件事。Heneedstolearnmoreaboutthegirl.他需要多了解那个女孩。如果是物作主语，一般用needdoing与needtobedone这种情况下应注意两点：①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义；②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：.Thedoorneedspainting.=Thedoorneedstobepainted.那扇门需要油漆一下。Yourcarneedsmending.=Yourcarneedstoberepaired.你的车需要维修了。6.dare的用法：dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有两种词性：（1）dare作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：Darehetellthemwhatheknows?他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗？Idaren’taskher–willyoudoitforme?我可不敢问她，你能帮我问问吗？（2）dare作为实义动词，此时有人称、数及时态的变化。如：Hedoesn’tdaretobreakhispromise.他不敢食言。　　注意：在口语中，dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。如：DoyoudaretellherwhatIsaid? 你敢告诉她我说的话吗？Ididn’tdarelookathim.我不敢看他。7.shall的用法：shall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称），如：Shallwegooutforawalk?我们出去散步好吗？在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。(1).用“Let"sdo...”来提出建议。如：Let"sgoforawalkaftersupper.(2).用“What/Howabout...?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。如：Whatabout/Howaboutadrink?Whatabout/HowabouttakingTomwithus?(3).用“Whynot...?”来提出建议，表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形。“Whynot...?”实际上是“Whydon"tyou/we...?”的简略形式。如：Whynotmeetattheschoolgateateight?Whydon"twestayhereanotherday?(4).用“Wouldyoulike...?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要……吗?”Wouldyoulike后可接名词或不定式。如：Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?　Wouldyouliketogoandseeher?因此，如果我们说：“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shallwegoforaswim?　Let"sgoforaswim，shallwe?　Whatabout/Howaboutgoingswimming?　Whynotgoforaswim?　Wouldyouliketogoforaswim?　Whatdoyouthinkofgoingforaswim?8.should的用法：（1）.should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.我们应该保护环境。（2）Shouldhavedone表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomework.你应该已经完成作业了。（事实上你没有完成。）9.will的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。如：IwillhelpyouifI’mfreethisafternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。注意：1、will在therebe句型中的形式及其句式变换。由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示，所以therebe句型的一般将来时的形式就是therewillbe。（一定不能说therewillhave）例如：Therearemanystudentsinourschool.→Therewillbemanystudentsinourschool.Therewillbeasportsmeetingnextweek.一定不能说：Therewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.2、will与begoingtodosomething区别：①.begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will表示的将来时间则较远一些，如：Heisgoingtowritealettertonight.Hewillwriteabookoneday.②.begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie.Hewillbetwentyyearsold.③.begoingto含有“计划，准备”的意思，而will则没有这个意思，如：Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.④.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多用will,如：Ifanybeastscomesatyou,I"llstaywithyouandhelpyou.10.hadbetter的用法：　　hadbetter意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：hadbetternot。如：Wehadbettergonow.我们最好现在就走。Youhadbetternotgivethebooktohim.你最好不要把这本书给他。考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答:1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,youmay.Yes,ofcourse.　Yes,certainly.　Sure.　No,youmustn’t.No,youcan’t.2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Couldyoudomea favour?你能帮我个忙吗？—CouldIuseyourpen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?—Yes,youcan.可以。（注意回答）4.shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes,please.　Allright.　No,thankyou.5.wouldyou…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon’t.)　Sure.(I’msorry,Ican’t.)　Allright/OK/Withpleasure.　Certainly.(No,thankyou.)　Yes,please.【例题】—WouldyoudomeafavourandpassonmythankstoLily?—________.　A.That’srightB.WithpleasureC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Notrouble【解析】A.意为“对了”，B.意为“乐意效劳”,C.意为“没关系”D.意为“不费事”。答案：B考点三:不同情态动词的否定意义也不同：1.（1）.can’t可译为“不会”，如：Ican’tplaybasketball.我不会打篮球。（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t表达不可能，如：Hecan’tbeill.HeisplayingchesswithTom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下棋呢。（3）can’t还可用来回答“MayI…?”这样的问句。如：MayIcomein?我可以进来吗？No,youmustn’t./can’t.不，你不能。（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。can’thelpdoing禁不住，情不自禁can’twaittodosomething迫不及待地要做…如：Shecan’thelpcrying.她不禁大哭起来。Thechildrencan’twaittoopenthebox.孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子。2.may的否定式为maynot，译成“可能不”，如：Hemaynotbeathome.他也许不在家。3.（1）mustn’t表示不许，不可。如：Hemustn’tleavehisroom.他不许离开他的房间。Youmustn’ttalkinclass.你们不可以在课上说话。　(2)mustn’t也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。如：—MayIstandhere?我可以站在这里吗？—No,youmustn’t(can’t).不，不行。4.needn’t意为“不必”。如：Youneedn’tmeethimunlessyou’dliketo.你不需要见他，除非你愿意。5.shouldn’t表示不应该。如：Youshouldn’tfeelsounhappyoversuchlittlethings.对于这种小事，你不应该感到这么不高兴。考点五:情态动词表示推测的用法:一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测。1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如：Thatmancan＇tbeherhusbandsheisstillsingle.Whoisknockingatthedoor?　Canitbethepostman?2、must表示肯定的推测，一般用于肯定句中。如：Hemustbeinhisofficenow.MrLimustbeworkingnow，forthelightsinhisofficearestillon.3、might表示推测时不一定是may的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小。如：Themanmaybetheheadmaster.—WhereisMrLi?—Hemightbeworkinginhisoffice.—MayMrLicome?—Hemightnotcomehere.4、Could表示推测时，语气can比要弱，说话者留有余地。如：—Coulditbeananimal?—Itcouldnotbe，becauseitisnotmoving.5、Should表示推测的可能性比较大，仅比must的可能性小一点。如：Itisalready10o’clocknowtheyshouldbethere.二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法。1、“must+havedone/been------”表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”，不用于“musn’t+have-----”形式。如：Shemusthaveseenthefilmbefore，hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)YoumusthavemetuncleWangintheshopyesterday，didn’tyou?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)2、“should+havedone/been-------”表示“本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；“shouldn’t+完成式”表示“本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩。如：Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomeworkearlier(butinfactyoudidnotfinishitontime). Youshouldn’thavegonetobedwhenyouwokeupatfive(butinfactyouwenttobedagainthen).3、“needn’t+完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事，而实际上却做了”。如：Therewasplentyoftime.Sheneedn＇thavehurried.4、“can’t/couldn’t+havedone/been-------”表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”。如：Isawhimjustnow.Hecan’thavegonetoJapan.Shesaidthemancouldn’thavestolenhercar.5、“could+havedone/been-------”表示“过去本来能够，可以做某事或成为某种状态，而实际上没有”，说话者有些遗憾。“couldsb.havedone/been-------？”是它的问句形式。如：YoucouldhavestayedwiththeSmithswhileyouwereinNewYork(butinfactyoustayedinanearbyhotel.)CouldMrLihavehelpedthisgirlstudent?6、“may/might+完成式”表示“过去可能，本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”，might的可能性较小，语气较弱。如：Hemayhavefinishedreadingthebook.Shemighthavegivenyousomehelp，howeverbusshewas.【情态动词易混点归纳】易混点一:can和beableto:两者表示能力时用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式，在其他时态中要用beableto来表示。另外beableto常常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如：Jimcan’tspeakEnglish.吉姆不会说英语。HecouldspeakEnglishat5.他五岁时就会说英语。We’llbeabletoseehimnextweek.下星期我们将会见到他。Hehasbeenabletodrive.他已经会开车了。I’msureyou’llbeabletofinishitquickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。Wewereabletoreachthetopofthemountainatnoon.我们能在中午到达山顶。易混点二:can和may1.can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用。如：Can/MayIhelpyou?我能帮助你吗？　2.can和may表示可能性时的区别：1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can2)在疑问句中表示推测用can，不用might，may，must3)在否定句中用can’t（不可能），不用may，must。如：Shemaybeintheclassroom.她可能在教室里。Wherecantheybenow?他们现在可能在哪儿？Thatcan’tbetrue.那不可能是真的。易混点三:maybe和maybe　　用法区别常用位置maybemay为情态动词，be为动词原形句中，作谓语maybe副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps句首，作状语例如：Hemaybewrong,butI’mnotsure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。易混点四：can’t和mustn’t1.can’t根据其基本用法可译为：（1）不会。如：Ican’tspeakEnglish.我不会说英语。（2）不能。如：Wecan’tdoitnowbecauseit’stoodark.天太黑了，我们现在干不了。（3）否定句中表示推测。“不可能”，如：Themancan’tbeourteacherbecauseheismuchyoungerthanourteacher..那个人不可能是咱们老师，他年轻得多。2.mustn’t意为“禁止、不许”，用来表达命令，表示强烈的语气。如：Youmustn’tplayfootballinthestreet.It’stoodangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球，太危险了。　　易混点五：must和haveto1.must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。haveto侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如：IknowImuststudyhard.我知道我必须努力学习。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemid-night.我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。Ihaven’tgotanymoneywithme,soI’llhavetoborrowsomefrommyfriend.我身上没带钱，只好向朋友借点了。Hesaidtheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。 2.haveto可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。如：Thecompositionisduetohandinthismorning,soIhadtofinishitlastnight.作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。易混点六:usedtodo/beusedtodoing/beusedtodo…/beusedfordoingsthusedtodo表示过去常常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，注意用todo，不用doing形式；而beusedtodoing意为“习惯做…”，be可有各种时态；beusedtodo意为“……被使用去做……,”为被动语态形式。beusedfordoingsth“用作……”如：Myfatherusedtoeatingmeat.我父亲过去起床晚，但现在不得不早起了。Sheisusedtoeatingmeat.她习惯吃肉。Hewasn’tusedtoeatinginarestaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。Aknifecanbeusedforcuttingthings.(刀可以用来割东西）练习：1._____Igoouttoplaynow，Mum?No，you______．A．May，shouldn’tB．Can，needn’tC．Must，can’tD．May．mustn’t 2.Helpmewiththiscase．_______you?A．don’tB．willC．doD．shall 3.Theystartedearlythatmorninginorderthatthey______therebeforenoon．A．mightgetB．maygetC．wouldgetD．got4.Ateacherdoeveryexercise，butapupil________．A．needn’t，mustB．maynot，mustC．needn’t,needn’tD．can’t,must 5.Ifyou_____doasItellyou，you______gototheparty．A．can，shan’tB．will,won’tC．won’t，shallD．won’t,shan’t 7.Don’tbelievehim．Hisstory______betrue．A．mustn’tB．needn’tC．shouldn’tD．maynot8.---Shemusthavegonebacktothevalley．---No,she____.Theentrancetoitwasnowheretobefound．A．mustn’tB．needn"tC．couldn’tD．hadn’t9.Youneednotdoitatonce,________?A．needn’tyouB．mustn’tyouC．don’tyouD．needyou  10.Hemustbeintheclassroom．______he?A．mustn’tB．can’tC．isn’tD．Can11.Let’sgotothelibrary．shallwe?________．A．No，Ican’tB．Yes．IwillC．Yes，thankyouD．No，We’dbetternot 12.--Yououghttohavecalledhimyesterday．--Yes,IknowI_______．A．oughttoB．oughttohaveC．oughttohavedoneD．oughttohavecalled13.---Whydidyoukeepitasecretfromme?---I____aboutit．A．shouldbetoldB．oughttohavebeentoldC．shouldhavetoldD．oughttobetold 14.Thework_______befinishedinsuchashorttime．A．wasn’tabletoB．couldn’tC．oughtD．could 15.Helooksverytired．He____tobedtoolatelastnight．A．mustgoB．musthavegoneC．couldgoD．didn’tgo16.Thedoor______lock．A．can’tB．maynotC．won’tD．mustn’t17.Asasoldier，you______doastheheadtellsyou．A．willB．shallC．mayD．ought 18.How_____youbesocareless?A．canB．willC．couldD．may19.Italkedforalongtime，andintheendI____makeherbelieveme．A．couldB．canC．mustD．wasableto20.Didyouscoldhimforcarelessness?Yes，but_____it．A．I’drathernotdoB．I’drathernothavedoneC．Ishouldn’tdoD．I’dbetternotdo 21.Heneedn’tcometoattendthemeeting．_______? A．didn’theB．doesn’theC．needheD．musthe22.Fish_______diewithoutwater．A．willB．shouldC．shallD．must 23.We’dbetterhurry．Ourteacher_________us． A．waitforB．mustwaitforC．mustbewaitingforD．haswaitedfor 24.Isawhimleavetheroomanhourago．He______atthistime．A．mustn’tbeworkingB．can’tbeworkingC．can’tworkD．maynotbeingworking25.______basketballeveryday?A．DidyouusedtoplayingB．DidyouusetoplayC．UseyoutoplayD．Usedyouplay26.Why______youkeepontroublingmewithsuchquestionswhileIambusy?A．couldB．canC．mustD．will 27.---Youweredrivingat100kmanhour,sir．---Butofficer，I____，mycarcan’tgomorethan90.A．maynothavebeenB．couldn’thavebeenC．wouldhavebeenD．needn’thavebeen28.You______callhimifyouwantto，butyou______，forhe’llsurelycomeheresoon．A．can，needn’tB．may,mustn’tC．haveto，needn’tD．can,doesn’tneed29.Atlasthe_____finishtheworkaheadoftime．A．couldB．wasabletoC．couldhavedoneD．wouldhavebeenableto 30.Theremustbesomeenemysoldiersintheforest._______anybehindthechurch?A．MusttherebeB．ShouldtherebeC．MaytherebeD．Cantherebe 32.“When___heleavethehospital?”Iaskedthedoctor．A．willB．shallC．canD．may 33.---Theyhaven’tfinishedtheworkuptonow．---Well，they______.A．shouldhaveB．shouldC．oughttoD．oughthave34.Themoneywassoonspent，soshe______gohungry．A．mustB．hadtoC．mightD．Should35.Jackstudiedhardand_______passtheexamination．A．couldabletoB．wouldC．wasabletoD．ought 36.Youdon’tlookwell，you_______haveafever．A．mightB．canC．shallD．should37.Youarerunningafever，you_____toseethedoctor．A．needgoB．musthavegoneC．shouldgoD．cango 38.I______takethejob．Noone____stopme．A．will，canB．can，mustC．must，canD．will,must 39.Thereusedtobeahightowerhere，______?A．wasthereB．wasn’tthereC．usedthereD．usedn’tthere40.Whenevertheteacherwasnotthere,thechildren_______makealotofnoise．A．willB．wouldC．weretoD．weregoingto41.Hemustbeshy,_______he?A.mustB．mustn’tC．isD．isn’tB． 42.Imustdoit,________I?A．doB．don’tC．mustD．mustn’t43.Youdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orI___you.A．wouldseeB．couldmeetC．mighthaveseenD．mightsee44.---Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?---Oh，excellent!We______abetterhotel．A．can’tfindB．won’tfindC．mustn’thavefoundD．couldn’thavefound 45.---Wewerewaitingforyouthistimeyesterday．---Sorry，I______youtotellyouthatIcouldn’tcome.A．musthavecalledB．wouldhavebeencallingC．couldhavebeencallingD．shouldhavecalled46.---Wouldyoumindreturningthebooktomorrow?---______．A．Ok，IwillB．Sure,Iwouldn’tC．Yes，Iwouldn’tD．Why,Iwouldn’t47.Seewho’sthere!_____itbeMary?A．MayB．MustC．CanD．Will 48.Mylittleson______outa1oneatnight．A．daresnotgoB．daresnottogoC．darenottogoD．doesn’tdaretogo49.You______missseeingsogoodafilm，itisoneofthebestfilmsI’veeverseen．A．hadbetternottoB．havebetternottoC．hadbettertonotD．hadbetternot50.Itisstrangethatshe_______so． A.thinkB．thinksC．willthinkD．thoughtA． 51._______yourathersitattheback?A．Won’tB．Wouldn’tC．Don’tD．Will52.---Where______?---She______toschool,foritisSundaytoday．A．canshego，can’tgoB.maybego，maynotgoC．canshehavegone,can’thavegoneD．canshego，can’thavegone53.Sincesheisangry,we_____．A．hadbettertoleaveheraloneB．shouldleaveheraloneC．mightaswellleaveheraloneD．mustleaveheralone54.---Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavour?---It’sveryunlikely，buthe____bepreparedtohelpyou．A．mustB．willC．canD．Might55.Willyousingasongattheparty?No,I_________．A．wouldn’tB．won’tC．shouldn’tD．shallnot56.Mybrotherusedtogetupearlyinthemorning，butmysisterseldom______.A.usedtoB.didC.usedD.bothAandB57.---Willitberainingthisafternoon?---No，I’mafraidit_____．A．maynotB．won’tC．mustn’tD．shouldn’t58.You_____insuchahurry，I’llhavethecarwaitingforyou．A．don’tneedbeingB．don’thavebeenC．neednottobeD．needn’tbe 59.Ihavekeptthebookfor3weeks．I_______themtothelibrarylastweek．A．oughtreturnB．oughttoreturnC．oughthavereturnedD．oughttohavereturned 60.---______Igetyousomefood?---No．thanks．A.A．  MightB.ShallC.WillD.Ought初中英语介词讲解1．介词的含义，介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。中考需要掌握的11个介词：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before表示时间的介词A．典型例题：1.in1996/in2002/in1847（年份）2.inOctober/inFebruary/inMarch（月份）3.inspring/insummer/inautumn/inwinter（季节）4.inaweek/inayear在1周/年中5.inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening在上午/下午/晚上inthosedays在当时/innotime立刻/inthedaytime在白天/inthefuture在将来/inoneminute在1分钟内/最后intheend表示较长时间（长于一天或短于一天）如：年、年份、月份、季节、周、上午、下午、晚上以及一些习惯用法中要用介词“in”。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B．典型例题：1.atteno’clock/atseventhirty.（表示某一钟点）2.atnoon/atnight/atmidnight（在中午、晚上、半夜――一天中相对短暂的时间）3.attheageoftwenty/attheageofthirty-five（表示某一年龄）4.atthattime在那时/atthemoment这时、那时、此刻/atfirst首先/atlast最后＝intheend/atonce立刻、马上/at/on(the)weekends在周末/在一年中的这个时候atthistimeofyear/在……开始/结束时atthebeginning/endof 表示时间的某一点（或表示某时刻）如：钟点、年龄或其它的习惯用法中要用“at”。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C．典型例题：1.onMonday/onTuesday/onWednesday/onFriday2.onJanuary1/onApril18/onMay313.onJanuary1,1988/onApril18,2002/onMay31,19774.onMondaymorning/onTuesdayafternoon/onWednesdayevening5.onawintermorning/onasummerevening/onaautumnafternoon6.onthemorningofMayfifth7.onmybirthday/onthatday/onNewYear’sDay/onthefirsttwodays/onChristmasDay8.值日onduty/准时ontime/表示某一天或者特定（某一天上下午）的时间用介词“on”。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D．典型例题：1.fortwohours/forthreedays2.forhundredsofyears3.forthelastthreeyears/forthepastthreeyears4.forawhile表示持续一段时间用介词“for”。“for”＋“段时间”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E．典型例题：1.from9o’clockto11o’clock2.fromFebruarytoApril3.from1980to19904.fromthenon从那时候起（用于一般过去时），fromnowon从现在起（用于一般将来时），fromtimetotime时不时地表示从一点时间到另一点时间的一个阶段用介词“from…to…”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------F．典型例题：1.duringtheweek2.duringthosethreemonths3.duringmyvisit4.duringtheholidays/meeting5.duringthespring表示“在……的期间”要用介词“during”，during表示在特定的时间里，其后的名词前要用定冠词或者表示特定意义的代词。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G．典型例题：1.since1986/since19772.sincelastsummer/sincelastweek/sincelastmonth3.sincethen从那时以后4.sincehecamehere自从他来了以后表示“自……以来”，表示从过去某一时刻到现在，用介词“since”。“since”＋“点时间”，主句常用现在完成时。巩固练习：1.since7o’clock 1.sincelastMonday--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------H．典型例题：1.Theparkisopentill5p.m.2.Hedidn’tleavetheparkuntil4p.m.表示某动作或者状态延续到某一时间终止，用介词“till/until”--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I．表示时间介词的比较1．典型例题：1.Thetrainleavesat8o’clock,soyou’dbetterbethereby7:50.火车八点钟开，所以你最好八点五十以前赶到那儿。2.HeleftShanghaiattheendoflastyear.去年年底他离开了上海。（过去式）3.Bytheendoflastyearhehadfinishedthework.到去年年底，他已经完成了工作。at表示事件发生在某一时间点上；by表示事件发生在某一时间点前。attheendof+时间/地点，表示时间时，一般用于一般过去式。bytheendof+时间，表示时间时，一般用于过去完成时。intheend=atlast最后--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2．典型例题：1.Hefinishedtheworkthreedaysago.2.Hesaidhehadfinishedtheworkthreedaysbefore.3.Hewillfinishtheworkinthreedays.4.Threedayslaterhefinishedthework.threedaysago表示从今天算起三天前；threedaysbefore表示从过去某个时间开始算起的三天前；inthreedays表示从今天算起的三天以后Threedayslater表示从过去某个时间开始的三天后；。ago，用于一般过去式；before，用于过去完成时；in用于将来时。巩固练习1.FourdayslaterhecamebackfromBeijing.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3．典型例题：1.before2o’clockthemeetinglunch1990before后通常跟表示一点的时间（或特定的时间），表示在某个时间之前NationalDay2.after2o’clockthemeetinglunch1990after后通常跟表示一点的时间（或特定的时间），表示在某个时间之后NationalDay由before和after构成的时间介词短语都不能用于现在完成时。after的习惯用法：afterwork/afterschool/afterclass巩固练习1.after8o’clock2.afterbreakfast3.afterawhile过了一会儿 1.thedayaftertomorrow2.beforesupper3.beforeclass4.thedaybeforeyesterday5.beforelong不久前--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.典型例题：onenight/thismonth/thatsummer/lastyear/nextweek/thedaybeforeyesterday/theweekafternext再下一周由one/this/that/last/next等修饰的表示时间的词组前不需要用介词。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------表示方位的介词A．典型例题：1.在树上inthetree/在同一个班inthesameclass/在北京inBeijing2.在世界上intheworld/在河里intheriver/在城市inacity3.在阳光下inthesun/在北方inthenorth/inChina在中国4.在第五中学inNo.5MiddleSchool5.在……的前部inthefrontof在……前面infrontof6.在……中间/（内部）角落inthemiddle/cornerof7.固定用法：住院inhospital/在露天intheopenair/躺着看书readinbed8.站成行standinline/处于危险中indanger/处于麻烦中introuble/惊奇地insurprise9.用英语inEnglish/穿红色的inred/以…方式in…wayof表示大地方，表示空间、地域或者物体内部应用in，或表示在…范围之内。--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B．典型例题：1.在…的尽头attheendof/在大门口atthegate/在第二个十字路口atthesecondcrossing2.在公共汽车站atthebusstop/在校读书atschool/在家athome3.在医院诊所atthedoctor’s/在……头部/脚下atthehead/footof4.atthestation/airport/zoo/postoffice5.atthefrontdoor/atthecinema/supermarket/meeting/party/thecrossroad6.固定用法：stayathome/atwork/attable在吃饭表示较小的地方，表示空间的某一点，出入口等，选at--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C．典型例题：1.在墙上onthewall/在…的另一边ontheothersideof/在左边/右边ontheleft/right2.在左/有手边ontheleft/righthandside/在火车上onthetrain3.在电视/收音机/电话/网上onTV/theradio/thetelephone/theInternet4.固定用法：访问…onavisitto…/展览onshow5.在去…的路上onthewayto…6.onmyhead/nose表示附着在表面上，覆盖等，表示接触的面上、边上、线上，用on。比较：aholeinthefloor/wallTherearemanyapplesonthetree.Therearemanybirdsinthetree.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------几组表示位置关系的介词比较 D．典型例题：1.JapanisintheeastofAsia.2.JapanistotheeastofChina.3.KoreaisonthenortheastofChina.巩固练习：1.BisintheeastofA.2.DistotheeastofA.3.CisontheeastofA.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------练习：1Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on2-Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since4tiesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during5Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of6Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still7Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on1Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast____fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast2Wereturnedtoourhometown___.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek3Greatchangeshavetakenplace___.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear1Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at2____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For3Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of4Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in1HewenttoShanghai___September3,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;in2Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.A.onB.inC.atD.to3Mrs.BrowncametoChina____1996.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in4__themorningofNov.20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourning__JoeHill.A.On;toB.In;ofC.On;forD.At;for5Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./;inB.to;inC.to;onD.in;in6Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on1Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to2Hearrived___Shanghai___9:30___March5.A.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on3TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of4Thechildrengetup___6o"clock.A.atB.onC.duringD.in1Thedoctorworked___fivehours___arest.B.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;havingD.for;without2Iworkedontheproblem____alongtimeandIworkeditout____myself____ last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe3Anewfactorywillbesetup___ayearslater.A.forB.inC.afterD.on4Twoyears___hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on6Theworkershadbeen____strike____almostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during7Mr.Brownhadlain____theground____fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on;forB.at;inC.on;afterD.in;during1Theteacheriscomingback___anhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before2Shelivedinthemountainvillage____theyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since3MissWangwillcometoBeijing____twodays.A.afterB.inC.onD.before4TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon____theend.A.byB.atC.inD.on7Maryhadfinishedherhomework____thetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.atD.when2Westayedatthelab___ourteacherreturned.A.tillB.byC.duringD.while3Theydidn"tleavethestation___theygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.afteryD.at1Don"tworry.Hewillreturn____.A.beforelongB.longbeforeC.longlongagoD.longago2Therelivedanoldman,fishingatsea____.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimeagoD.soon3Itwasnot_____theycameback.A.longbeforeB.beforelongC.longtimebeforeD.longafter4IwastoldthathisunclehadgonetoFrance.A.longbefore-B.shortlyafterC.beforelongD.longago1___Tomgetsupatfiveinthemorning.A.SometimeB.SometimesC.SometimeD.Sometimes2Irememberwemeteachother___lastyear.A.Sometime"B.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometimes3MaryandIhavebeentotheGreatWall,___.A.sometimeB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimes4HestudiedEnglishfor____inLondon,andthenhewenttoAmerica.A.sometimesB.sometimenewC.sometimeD.sometimes1Idon"tliketosit___Tom"sright.Iwouldliketosit___thebackrow.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;atD.at;on2Thereisabrook____redflowersandgreengrass___bothsides.A.ofwithB.with;onC.of;atD.with;in3Therearemanytrees___oftheroad!And____ofthetreesisgrowinglargerandlarger.A.onbothside;anumberB.oneachsides;anumberC.onbothsides;thenumberD.oneveryside;thenumber1Theplaneisflying_____.A.intheskyB.in.theairC.inspaceD.insky2Thereisasweetsmell___.A.intheairB.intheopenairC.intheskyD.inthespace3Weheldaninterestingparty___.A.intheairB.intheskyC.intheopenairD.inspace4Seenfrom___,theearthappearstobeabigblueball.A.thespaceB.spaceC.aspaceD.thisspace1Tomsits____theclassroomwhileJohnsits____theroom.A.infrontof;atbackofB.inthefrontof;atthebackof C.infrontof;atthebackofD.inthefrontof;atbackof2Lucysits____thethirdrow,____Jim"sleft.A.on;onB.in;atC.at;inD.in;on3Jiangsuis___theeastofChina,butJapanis___theeastofChina.A.to;inB.in;to.C.on;toD.to;on1.-CanIlookupaword____yourdictionary?-Ihaven"tgot____me.A.into;aboutB.in;withC.at;inD.on;on21likemoon-cakes____meat____them.A.in;onB.with;onC.in;theD.with;in3Whenyouare___troublepleaseaskhelp___us.A.in;fromB.in;forC.on;fromD.on;of4Theshopkeepersaidtheyhadsoldouttheshoes____yoursize.A.aboutB.inC.toD.of5Isawhim___hurryatthemoment.A.inaB.inC.onD.ona1Heputupamap___thebackwallbecausetherewasahole___it.A.on;onB.at;inC.on;inD.on;at2Thereisadoor___thewall.A.onB.toC.ofD.in3ThiskindofVCDismade____China..A.inB.fromC.atD.on4Anyman___eyes______hisheadcanseethathe"sexactlylikearope.A.with;onB.with;inC.on;withD.in;with1Therearesomebirdssinging___thetrees.A.inB.onC.atD.from2Don"tread____thesun.It"sbad___youreyes.A.in;toB.under;forC.with;toD.in;on3Thewoman____abluedressismyteacher.A.inB.onC.ofD.at4Therearesomanyapples___thattree.A.inB,onC.at,D.from1Theboatispassing___thebridge.A.throughB.belowC.underD.across2Twoplanesareflying___thecity.A.throughB.over,C.on,D,below3Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeast____thehill.A.underB.belowC.overD.on4Doyouseethekite___thebuilding.A.overB.crossC.onD.above1TheUnitedStatesis____thesouthofCanadaand___theeastofJapan.A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;on2Myhometownlies___thecity.___Ioftengotothecitybybike.A.50milesintheeast;HoweverB.totheeast40milesof;ButC.intheeast45milesfrom;ButD.35mileseastof;However3Themanstood____thewindow,watchingtheboysplayingoutside.A.inB.byC.withD.to4Japanlies____theeastofChina.A.onB.toC.inD.with1Isthestreettoonarrowforthebustogo___?A.throughB.acrossC.onD.in2Amothercamelwaswalking___herson___thedesert.A.without;alongB.with;throughC.nextto;passD.beside;through3Theriverruns____thecity.A.acrossB.throughC.overD.from4Ittookusoveranhourtowalk____thisstreet.A.fromB.throughC.overD.across数词讲解　　数词分为基数词和序数词两种，在英语中表示事物数目的词称为基数词;表示事物顺序的数词称为序数词。数词是每年各省市英语中考中一个重要考点之一，希望大家在学习中注意以下几个方面：　一、基数词的十个用法　　一)基数词的读法。1)1---10:onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineten2)11---19:词尾加-teen:thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen其中eleven，twelve， thirteen，fifteen，eighteen为特殊形式3)20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90:逢十词尾加-ty:twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety其中twenty，thirty,forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式4)21----99:在十位与个位之间加连字符构成.21---twenty-one99---ninety-nine5)101---999:百位数与十位数之间要加and,再加末尾两位数或个位数.101---onehundredandone238----twohundredandthirty-eight320threehundredandtwenty6)1000以上的数:先将数字从右往左数,每三位数用一个逗号隔开,从右往左第一个逗号表示“千”读thousand第二个逗号表示“百万”读million第三个逗号表示“十亿”读billion且hundred,thousand,million等用单数形式。注意，百位数hundred与十位数(或个位数)之间要用and连接。十位数与个位数之间要用连字符号“-”，如：52，368读作：fifty-twothousand,threehundredandsixty-eight.18,657,421---eighteenmillion,sixhundredandfifty-seventhousand,fourhundredandtwenty-one.2,648twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16,250,064sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandsixty-four5,237,166,234fivebillion，twohundredandthirty-sevenmillion，onehundredandsixty-sixthousand，twohundredandthirty-four　　二)基数词表计量　　注意：基数词表计量大于1时，它所修饰的名词要用复数形式。如:twobottlesofwater(两瓶水);threeboxesofapples(三箱苹果)。　　三)基数词表番号(编号)　　注意：编号的事物如果数字较大，一般用基数词表达，且放在编号的事物名词之后。如：No.102MiddleSchool(102中学);Room206(206房间)第207房间：Room207如果编号的事物数字不大，也可用序数词表达，但它应放在编号名词之前。如：thefirstlesson(第一课)第五课：Lesson5=thefifthlesson四)基数词表时刻注意：英语时刻表达法有两种：一种是直接读数字，整点：基数词+o’clock（可以省略o`clock）几点几分：直接表达法：先说钟点数，后说分钟数间接表达法：先说分钟数，后说钟点数，中间要用past或to连接。即：1~30分钟(含30分钟)用“分钟数+past+钟点数”;31~59分钟用“(60-分钟数)+to+下一个钟点数”。如：4:20fourtwenty或twentypastfour3:25twenty-five(minutes)pastthree5:45fiveforty-five或fifteentosix或aquartertosix3:35twenty-five(minutes)tofour　　　以小时、分钟为单位分别读出数字。6:31　读作sixthirty-one10:26读作tentwenty-six14:03读作fourteenothree16:15读作sixteenfifteen18:30读作eighteenthirty23:55读作twenty-threefifty-five注：时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法，这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。五)基数词复数表岁数或年代注意：表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的大概岁数或年代。世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加`s表示thesixth（6th）century公元六世纪theeighteenth（18th）century公元十八世纪 the1900`s二十世纪the1600`s十七世纪这里，用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成inthe1930`s（inthethirtiesofthetwentiethcentury或inthenineteenthirties）在二十世纪三十年代inthe1860`s（inthesixtiesofthe19thcentury或intheeighteensixties）在十九世纪六十年代MyunclewenttoEnglandinhistwenties.我叔叔在20多岁时去了英国。Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties．Itwasinthe1960s．那是在二十世纪六十年代。TheseeggswerefoundintheGobiDesertbyagroupofscientistsinthe1920s.这些恐龙蛋是20世纪20年代由一群科学家在戈壁沙漠发现的。　　六)含基数词的复合形容词　　注意：“基数词+名词(+形容词)”构成的复合形容词作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式。如：two-weekholiday两周的假;aneighteen-metre-widestreet一条18米宽的街道　　但注意它与名词所有格形式作定语的区别。如：Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?It’sabouttenminutes’walk.从你家到到学校多远?大约十分钟路程。七)基数词与“多少又一半”的表达　　注意：“多少又一半”的表达有种方法：一种是“数词+n.(单数或复数)+andahalf”;另一种是“数词+andahalf+n.复数”。如：“两个半月”可译为：twomonthsandahalf或twoandahalfmonths八)hundred,thousand,million等表示大约数与确切数的区别注意：基数词表示具体数目时，hundred,thousand,million用单数形式。但在表示“数百”、“数千”、“数百万”等不确切数目时，hundred,thousand,million要用复数形式，且后接“of+名词复数”。如：　　1.Thereareninehundredandforty-sevenstudentsinourschool.我校有947个学生。　　2.ThousandsofstudentscometovisittheMuseumofNaturalHistoryeveryyear.每年有数千学生来参观这个自然历史博物院。九）年月日表示法月日，年日月年(the+序数词+of+月,年)注:年份的读法:日用序数词，读日时要加the。月用英语单词，年用基数词。先读前两位数,再读后两位数.1949年10月1日:Octoberthefirst,nineteenforty-nine=thefirstofOctober,nineteenforty-nine2007年3月21日---thetwenty-firstofMarch,twothousandandseven.2000年:theyeartwothousand=twentyhundred2001年:twentyoone3月1日:Marchthefirst=thefirstofMarchA．年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。1949读作nineteenhundredandforty-nine或nineteenforty-nine1800读作eighteenhundred253读作twohundredandfifty-three或twofifty-three1902读作nineteenhundredandtwo或nineteenotwo表示在哪一年，一般在年、月前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。日期前用on,时刻前用at.intheyeartwofifty-threeB.C.在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。B.月份，在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如：inMay在五月；in July在七月。为了简便起见，月份与日期连用时，月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May，June，July外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但September除外。January——Jan．一月February——Feb．二月March——Mar.三月April——Apr．四月August——Aug．八月September——Sept．九月October——Oct．十月November——Nov．十一December——Dec．十二月注：这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。C．日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。NationalDayisonOct.1.国庆节是十月一日。（读作Octoberfirst）此句也可以表示为NationalDayisonthe1stofOctober．May5五月五日（读作Mayfifth）也可以表示为thefifth（5th）ofMayMar.1（st）三月一日（读作Marchfirst或thefirstofMarch）十）基数词和某些单数名词构成复合形容词，它在句中只能做定语，但在数词和名词之间要用连字符，如有形容词，也要用连字符。Asix-year-oldgirlafive-foot-deepholeAneight-hundred-meter-longbridgeAtwo-thousand-wordreport十一）表示一些数学公式时用基数词2+4twoplusfouris(makes)six.6-3sixminusthree5×7fivetimesseven8÷2eightdividedbytwo等号读equals,makes,is,isequalto等。小数点读point十二）倍数表达法一倍用once,两倍用twece,三以上的倍数用timesTheroomistweceaslargeasthatone.Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.十三）基数词的句法功能基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。Thetwohappilyopenedthebox。两个人高兴地打开了盒子。（作主语）Ineedthreealtogether．我总共需要三个。（作宾语）Fourstudentsareplayingvolleyballoutside．四个学生在外面打排球。（作定语）Wearesixteen．我们是16个人。（作表语）Theythreetriedtofinishthetaskbeforesunset．他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。（作同位语）二、序数词的四个用法　一)序数词的构成及基本用法。　　A．从第一至第十九其中，one—first，two—second，three—third，five—fifth，eight—eighth，nine—ninth，twelve—twelfth为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如：six—sixth、nineteen—nineteenth．B．从第二十至第九十九整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i，再加“eth”构成。twenty——twentieththirty——thirtieth表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“－”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first第三十一fifty-sixth第五十六 seventy-third第七十三ninety-ninth第九十九C．第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。onehundredandtwenty-first第一百二十一onethousand，threehundredandtwentieth第一千三百二十D．序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。first——lstsecond——2ndthird——3rdfourth——4thsixth——6thtwentieth——20thtwenty-third——23rd其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。注意：序数词一般以与之相应的基数词后加-th构成，少数几个需特别记忆。为方便大家记忆，请看下面口诀。　　基变序，有规律，first,second,third要牢记;　　其它变化有公式，基数词尾加-th;　　eight去t,nine去e，ve则以f替;　　从twenty,thirty到ninety,需变y为ie;　　若是遇到“几十几”，只变个位就可以。　　另外，注意：序数词前要加定冠词the,在句中作定语放在所修饰的名词前。如：Decemberisthetwelfthmonthoftheyear.十二月是一年中的第12个月。　二)序数词与冠词a/an连用。注意：序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“又一”、“再一”的意思。如：Pleasetryitasecondtime.请再试一试。Whynottryafourthtime?但基数词与more连用，并放在more前，表示“另外有”、“还有”的意思。如：I’lltakeonemore(=another)pencil.我还要一支铅笔。We’vejuststarted!Thereweretwentymoretreestobeplanted!我们才刚开始呢!还有20棵树要栽呢!　三)分数的表达法。注意：分数以基数词和序数词合成的。分子用基数表示，分母用序数词表示，分子大于1，分母要用复数(-s)。如：1/2二分之一ahalf1/3(三分之一)：onethird2/3:twothirds分子与分母之间不用连字符，含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词决定谓语eg.1)Onethirdofthestudentsaregirls.2)Onethirdofthemilkismine.3）Threequarters(3/4)oftheworkersareyoung.分数的特殊形式：1)onethird=athird2)onefourth=aquarterthreefourths=threequarters3)onesecond=ahalf4)oneandahalfhours四）序数词的句法功能序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。ThesecondiswhatIreallyneed．第二个是我真正需要的。（作主语）Hechoosethesecond．他挑选了第二个。（作宾语）Wearetocarryoutthefirstplan．我们将执行第一个计划。（作定语）Sheisthesecondinourclass．在我们班她是第二名。（作表语） 五）其他特殊用法1.数词前加every,表示每……/每隔…….everytendays=everyninthday每十天(每隔九天)注:every+基数词+复数名词=every+(序数词-1)+单数名词几个半的表达法:基数词+and+ahalf+名词复数=基数词+名词(单数/复数)+and+ahalftwoandahalfhours=twohoursandahalf2.序数词前通常应有定冠词the,除非序数词前有了物主代词，指示代词或其它修饰语，以及做表语时才能省略定冠词。3.年龄表示法：（1）基数词（+yearsold）（2）attheageof+基数词（3）a+基数词-year-old+名词（4）of+基数词（+years）Whenshewas11,shebegantowork.attheageof14a54-year-oldmanaboyof14(years)练习：(     )1.Lincolnwasbornon________. A.February12,1809 B.1809,February12  C.1809,12February  D.February1809,12(     )2.A_______boycansingtheEnglishsongverywell. A.ten-year-old   B.tenyearsold   C.ten-year-old    D.fifthyearsold(     )3.Anhourlater,_____ministerwassenttoseethe“magiccloth”wovenbythosetwomen. A.two    B.thesecond    C.thetwo     D.second(      )4.AbrahamLincolnwas_______PresidentoftheUnitedStates. A.16    B.the16     C.16th     D.the16th(     )5.Doyouthinkthereisanyroomforus________? A.two    B.thetwo    C.second    D.thesecond(     )6.--Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass --________. A.Twentynine    B.Thirtyandtwo    C.Forty-five    D.fifties(      )7.Whichnumberiswrong?_______.A.Ninety    B.Ninteen     C.Ninth     D.Nineteenth(      )8.ThePeople"sLiberationArmywasfounded_______. A.onAugust1,1927  B.in1927,1August  C.onAugust1st,1927  D.inAugust1,1927(     )9.Thenumber4,123isread_______. A. fourthousandonehundredandtwenty-three B.fourthousandandonehundredtwenty-three C. fourthousandandahundredandtwenty-three D.fourthousandsahundredandtwenty-three(     )10.Theoldprofessorstillworkshardthoughheis_________. A.inhissixty   B.inhissixties    C.insixties    D.inthesixty(     )11.Thisclassroomis________ours. A.threetimesbigas B.asthreetimesbigas C.threetimesasbigas D.asbigthreetimesas(     )12.Thebasketballteamofourschoolranks________inthematch. A.three    B.third     C.thethree      D.thethird(     )13.Whichisthecarthathedrives?It"s________. A.fiftytwo   B.thefifty-twocars   C.thecarfiftyfour    D.thefifty-fourthcar(  )14.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?________. A.Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.    B.Heisattheageof15.C.Heisaboyof15.        D.Heisfifteenyearold.(  )15.Ourschoolisnotverybig.Thereareonly________students. A.ninehundredsof  B.ninehundred   C.ninehundreds    D.ninehundredof (  )16.--Howmanynewwordsaretherein________lesson? --Thereareonly_________. A.five;fifth     B.fifth;five     C.thefifth;thefive     D.thefifth;five(   )17.________,Coca-ColabegantoenterChina"smarket. A.In1970"s   B.In1970s    C.Inthe1970s"    D.Inthe1970s(  )18.Therewasnobusinthatsmalltown.Wehada________. A.tenmileswalk    B.ten-milewalk   C.tenmile"swalk    D.tenthmilewalk(  )19.Todayisthefirstdayand________. A.Tuesdayisfourth B.Thursdayisthefourth C.secondisTuesdayD.asecondisThursday(   )20.Whichroomdoyoulivein?________. A.The201Room   B.Room201    C.Room201st   D.The201"sRoom(   )21.Howmanymagazinesdoyouhave?Ihave________.A.two    B.both     C.twice     D.thesecond(   )22.Threehundredthousandonehundredandseventymeans________. A.3,170    B.3,117     C.300,170      D.30,170(   )23.OnMay________,________peopletraveledroundthecountry. A.thefirst,millions   B.thefirst,millionsof   C.first,themillionth   D.first,millions(  )24.________ofthemarediningatschool.A.Twelve     B.Twelfth     C.Thetwelve      D.the12th(   )25.It"s7:17isread________. A.sevenandseventeen  B.sevenseven  C.sevenoneseven   D.sevenseventeen(   )26.Four________twoistwo.A.plus     B.minus      C.times      D.dividedby(   )27.Three________fiveiseight.A.plus    B.minus     C.times     D.dividedby(   )28.Three________sevenistwenty-one.A.plus    B.minus     C.times     D.dividedby(   )29.Forty-two________sevenissix.A.plus    B.minus     C.times     D.dividedby(    )30.Thereare________daysinayear. A.threehundredsixtyandfive          B.threehundredandsixty-five C.threehundredsandsixty-five         D.threehundredsixty-five(    )31.Thereare________studentsinthatschool. A.twothousandeight-six              B.twothousandeighty-six C.twothousandandeighty-six          D.twothousandsandeighty-six(    )32.Ittookme________togetthere. A.twohoursandahalf         B.twohoursandhalfC.twohourandahalf           D.twohourandhalf(   )33.Septemberis_________monthoftheyear. A.thenineth     B.theninth     C.nineth      D.ninth(    )34.Pleasepassme_______bookontheleft.A.third     B.three      C.thethird       D.thethree(    )35.________isaverytallboy.A.Thetwelve    B.Thetwelveth     C.Thetwelfeth      D.Thetwelfth(    )36.Wehaveknowneachotherfor________. A.ayearandhalf   B.ayearwithhalf    C.ayearandahalf    D.ayearwithahalf(   )37.--“Whatyearisit?”--“It"s________.” A.nineteenhundredandninety-seven      B.nineteenandninety-seven C.nineteenninetyandseven             D.nineteenninety-seven(   )38.--“What"sthedatetoday?”--“It"s_________.” A.Tuesday      B.JuneFourth       C.Junethefour      D.Junethefourth(    )39.ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrive________. A.inquarterpastsix B.inaquarterpastsix  C.atquarterpastsix  D.ataquarterpastsix(    )40.Myfriendwasbornon_________. A.threeofJuly,1979      B.thethirdofJuly,1979 C.1979,Julythethird      D.1979,thethirdofJuly(    )41.________islessthan________.  A.One-third;two-thirds   B.One-third;two-thirdC.First-three;first-threes     D.One-third;one-three(     )42.Whichlessondidyoulearnyesterday?________. A.LessonSeven   B.Lessonseventh   C.The7Lesson  D.7Lesson(    )43.“What"sthedatetoday?”“It"s_______.” A.thefourthofmay  B.thefourthMay  C.Mayfour   D.Maythefourth(    )44.334isread________. A.threehundredsandthirtyfour        B.threehundredsthirtyfour C.threehundredandthirtyfourth         D.threehundredandthirty-four(    )45.InFebruary,thereareonly_________days. A.twentynine    B.twenty-nineth    C.twenty-nine     D.twentyeight(   )46.TherewillbeacomedyonTVat________thisevening. A.sevenpastthirty   B.halfpastseven  C.seventhethirty   D.thirtytoseven(    )47.Ittookme________tofindoutthekeytothedrawer. A.oneandhalfhours B.oneandahalfhours C.oneandahalfhour D.oneandhalfhour(    )48.I"msotiredafter________walk. A.threehours     B.threehours"     C.threehour"s     D.threehour(    )49.Thereare________starsinthesky.A.millionof    B.millionsof     C.themillion     D.amillionof(     )50.thestreetis________wide.A.twometers    B.twometer     C.thetwometer     D.atwometer祈使句祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1.行为动词原形＋其它成分。例如：Makesentencesafterthemodel.根据例句造句。2.Be动词＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路时要小心。3.Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其它成分。例如：Lethimgobacknow.让他现在回去吧。祈使句的否定句式通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never，一般分为以下三种类型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成Don’t＋行为动词原形＋其它成分。例如：Don’tsaythatagain!别再那样说了！2.在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t，构成Don’tbe＋其它成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如：Don’tbecareless.不要粗心。注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后。3.在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No＋名词/V-ing形式结构，表示禁止做某事。例如：NOPHOTOS!禁止拍照！祈使句的回答：祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致。二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。　---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.　　请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。　----Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。感叹句表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种：一种以what引导，一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号“！”通常用感叹号。 例：Whatacleverboyheis！多么聪明的男孩啊！例：Howclevertheboyis！这个男孩多聪明啊！What引导的感叹句：what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：　　1.What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如：　　Whatanapplethisis!　　Whatafinedayitis!　　2.What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！　　Whatkindwomentheyare!Whatnicemusicitis!How引导的感叹句：由How引导的感叹句。　　how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！　　Howhardtheworkerareworking!　　Howcleverthegirlis!Howquicklytheboyiswriting!注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。　　Howtherunnerruns!what与how引导的感叹句，可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。　　Whataninterestingstoryitis!=Howinterestingthestoryis!　　Whatabeautifulbuildingitis!=Howbeautifulthebuildingis!在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如：　　Whatanicepresent!（省略itis）Howdisappointed!（省略sheis或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）I.将下列句子变成感叹句：1.Itisquiteanicepresent.→__________nicepresent!2.Wehavefineweathertoday.→__________weatherwehavetoday!3.It’ssunnytoday.→__________sunnydayitistoday!4.Thechildrenareworkinghard.→__________thechildrenareworking!5.Sheplayedbasketballwonderfully.→__________sheplayedbasketball!6.Heisgoodatsinging.→__________hesings!7.Hewasdoingwellindancing.→_____a_____dancerhewas!8.Tomcoughsbadly.→_______________coughTomhas!9.Thefishisverylovely.→__________thefishis!10.Theyliveahappylifetoday.→_______________lifetheylive!II.填上合适的感叹词：1).________ difficult homework we had yesterday!  2).________cute dog it is! 3).________ interesting the story is! 4).________ bad the weather in England is! 5).________ honest boy Tom is ！ 6).________ tasty smell the cake gave off! 7).________ good time we had on the beach yesterday! 8).________ exciting news you"ve brought us! 9).________cool your new car is! 10).________ scary these tigers are所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句： 1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）_______ _______ the boy swam! 2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）_____ ______ the school trip is! 3. The students are listening very carefully. ________ ________ the students are listening!III选择题1.____anicewatchitis!(1998山东)A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Howa2.____brightgirlstheyare!(1998浙江)A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.howa3.____interestingthefilmis!(1998湖北)A.WhatB.WhatanC.How4.____sunnyday!Let’sgooutforawalk.(1999江西)A.HowaB.HowC.WhataD.What5.____hardworkitis!(1999浙江)A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan6.____dayitis!It’srainyagain.(1999江西)A.HowbadB.WhatabadC.HowfineD.Whatafine7.____greatdayJuly1,1997willbe!(1999上海)A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What8.____expensivetrousers!(1999浙江)A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Whatan9.____girlsheis!(1998河北)A.WhatbrightaB.HowabrightC.HowbrightaD.Whatbright10.____weatherwehavetoday!(1983上海)A.AfineB.WhatafineC.HowafineD.Whatfine11.____carelessheis!(1986吉林)A.WhatB.HowC.SomuchD.Howmuch12.____fromBeijingtoLondon!(1993黑龙江)A.HowlongwayitisB.WhatalongwayisitC.HowlongwayisitD.Whatalongwayitis13.Oh,John,____yougaveus!(1990内蒙古)A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.HowpleasantsurpriseC.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise14.____usefulworktheyhavedone!(2000上海)A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Whatan15.____nicepictureyougaveme!(2000杭州)A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan祈使句练习I.选择题。1.Please____,they’rehavingameeting.(1998黑龙江)A.notbesonoisyB.BequiteC.mustn’ttalkD.nospeaking2.____tomeetmeatthestation.I’llbewaitingthere.(河北)A.NottoforgetB.NotforgetC.ForgetnotD.Don’tforget6.____downtheradio.Thebaby’sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.Lucy,____thedoororsomeone’llcomein.(1996河南)A.closeB.closesC.notcloseD.isclosing8.____andplayfootballinthestreetafterlunch.(哈尔滨)A.Let’snottogoB.Let’snotgoC.Let’sdon’tgoD.Notlet’sgo9.Asignwiththewords“____”isoftenfoundinabus.(安徽)A.NotparkingB.NotsmokingC.NoparkingD.Nosmoking10.____ChineseinyouEnglishclass.(2000西安)A.NotspeakB.Don’tspeakC.SpeaknotD.Don’tspeaking1.TheTVistooloud.Pleas_____.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit2._______lateagain,Bill!A.Don"ttobeB.Don"tbeC.NotbeD.Benot3._______crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.Won"tC.Doesn"tD.Don"t6.Doyouknowthegirl______underthetree?A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood7.Kate,_______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.tobringD.bringing 8.________methetruth,orI"llbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.ToldD.Tell9.I"vekeptthedog_______Maomaoforalongtime.A.NameB.namedC.namingD.toname10.Don"tyouknowthat_______isgoodforourhealth?A.swimB.swimmingC.swamD.swimsII.将下列句子变成祈使句：1.Wouldyouliketowaitamoment?→__________amoment.2.CanIuseyourbike?→Please__________yourbike.4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourhandwriting.__________withyourhandwriting.5.Willyoupleasenotplaywithmypencil?→________withmypencil,____.it的特殊用法一.it作形式主语：①It＋is／was＋形容词＋（for／ofsb．）＋动词不定式短语1.对于这个句型中究竟用for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等则用of。Itisinterestingtoplaywithsnowinwinter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。It’simportantforustokeepthewaterclean．保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。It’sverykindofyoutosayso．你这样说真是太好了。2.这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。It’sagoodhabittogetupearlyandgotobedearly．早睡早起是好习惯。Itmustbegreatfuntoflytothemooninaspaceship．乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。Itfeelsstrangetohaveatwinsister．有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。②It＋is／was＋形容词＋从句Itiscertainthathewillcome．他一定会来。It’struethathemayfallbehindtheotherstudents．他真的可能落后于其他同学。 Itisstrangethatheshouldsayso．他居然这么说，真是奇怪。③其他：1.It＋is／was＋one’sturn（duty，pleasure）＋todosth意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。如： It’syourturntobeondutytomorrow．明天轮到你值日了。2.Ittakes（sb．）sometimetodosth意为“（某人）花……时间做某事”。如： Ittookmeaweektofinishreadingthebook．我花了一周时间看完这本书。3.It＋cost／costs＋sb．＋somemoney＋todosth译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如：Itcostme260yuantobuythenewwatch．我买这块新手表花了260元。4.Itseems／seemed＋从句译为“看起来好像……”，此结构可以转换成“seem＋动词不定式”形式。如：Itseemsthatheisill．＝He seemstobeill．看起来他好像病了。二.it作形式宾语：it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式／动名词／从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。Hefounditnoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell．他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。Wethinkitnogoodreadinginbed．我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。Ithinkitnecessarythatwehavethemeeting．我认为开这个会是必要的。一、要点点拔1．代替上文中提到过的人或事物。指代人时，一般用于小孩或身份不十分明朗的人。1)－Whoisthebaby?　　　－It‘smyteacher’sson．2)－Whoisthatgentleman?－It"smyfriendTom．He(不可用It)wantstoseeyou．2．用于表达天气、环境、时间、距离、季节等。例如：1)It’shalfanhour’swalkfromheretoourschool．2)It‘sniceandwarmhere．3)Butit"stwoo"clocknow,andit"stimeforustogotoschool．3．用作形式主语.it没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子后尾，使句子显得平稳一些，能借it给移至句子后尾的主语有三种：一种由不定式表示，一种由动名词表示，一种由从句表示。 1).It替代真正的主语——动词不定式短语.     Itiseasiertosaythantodo.     Itisagoodacttohelptheothers.2).it替代真正的主语——动名词短语,以动名词短语做主语的句子，主要在以nogood,nouse,noharm,dangerous,foolish等词作表语的句中.It’snoharmdrinkingrunningwaterinthatarea。It’sfoolishtalkinglikethat.3).it替代从句作主语，用从句做主语的带it的句子很多,常见的有下面几类： ①Itisapity(ashame,afact,awonder,agoodthing,etc.)that…      Itisashamethathedidn’tpasstheexam. ②Itisstrange(surprising,obvious ,true,good,possible,clear,etc. )that…。      Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace. ③Itseems(happened,turnedout,etc.)that…      Itseemedthatthingswerenotastheyexpected.④Itissaid  (decided,expected,etc)that…     Itissaidthattheticketshavebeensoldout.4.用作形式宾语。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,－ing短语或从句往往用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末,句子重心后移。1)WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwellinsuchashorttime．2)Wethinkitnousecryingoverspiltmilk．3)Wemadeitclearwhenandwhereweweregoingtohavethemeeting．5．用于强调句型，即“Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who/whom+其它”句型之中。使用该句型有以下几点请注意：①强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数.　　　　ItwasyesterdaythatImetyourfatherinthestreet．②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词.ItwasinthestreetthatImetyourfatheryesterday． ③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。1)Itwasyourfatherthat/whom/whoImetinthestreetyesterday．2)ItwasIthat/whometyourfatherinthestreetyesterday．④强调句中也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。1)Itistheywhoareourfriends．2)Itwasnotuntilteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight．⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。Itiswas…that…为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调,而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。比较：1)Itwasteno"clockwhenwegothomelastnight．我们昨晚到家时已十点了。2)Itwasatteno"clockthatwegothomelastnight．我们昨晚是在十点到家的。第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉itwas和that后，只能组成“Wegothometeno"clocklastnight．”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when．二、常用句型及考点I.形式主语型1.Itisclear(obvious，true，possible，certain…)that…2.Itisimportant(necessary，right，strange，natural…)that…掌握本句型，应该记住所列举的形容词，并且记住that后的从句应用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)，should可以省去。3.Itisnogood(use)doingsth．4.Itisapity(ashame…)that…本句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省去。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。5.Itistime(abouttime，hightime)that…本句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气。6.Itisthefirst(second…)timethat…7.Itissaid(reported，learned…．)that…8.Itissuggested(ordered…)that…本句型中的过去分词应该是表示请求、建议、命令等的词，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should十动词原形)，should可以省略。常译为“据建议；有命令……”。9.Ithappens(seems，appears)that…10.Ittakessb…todosth．11.Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…12.Itiskind(ofsb)todosth．本句型中的不定式如果需要逻辑主语，则须要前置介词of，而句型中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词，常见的有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty,polite，rude，silly,stupid，wise，wrong等。13.Itisnecessary(forsb)todosth．14.Itis(just)likesbtodosth．本句型为“某人(恰恰)是……样子”。用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。例：It"slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers．他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。15.Itisuptosbtodosth．本句型表示“谊由某人做……”。II．强调句型Itis+被强调部分+that/who…本句型中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。 III．其他句型1.Itis…since…本句型主句中用时间作表语，一般用现在时或完成时，since引导的从句常用瞬间动词的一般过去时态。主句如用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。2.Itis…when…本句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。3.Itlooks(seems)asif．．．本句型中的asif引导一个状语从句，常译为“看起来好像……”。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气．例1Itlooksasifheisill(真的病了).例2Itlooksasifhewereill(没有生病).倒装句常见的倒装句形式：1.存在句(therebe/live/stand/lie/seem等)需要全部倒装。如:Thereoncelivedanoldhunterinthehouse.这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。Thereseemstobemanylisteners.似乎有很多听众。2.副词here,there,now,then等置于句首(经常与go,come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如:Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Nowcomesyourturn.现在轮到你了。注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如:Heretheyare.他们在这儿。3.当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/neither/nor+be/助词/情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致。如:—Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已经做完作业了。—Sohashe.他也做完了。—Ihaven’tseenthatfilm.我没看过那部电影。—Neither(Nor)haveI.我也没有。4.notonly...butalso...连接两个并列句,且notonly置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如:Notonlydidhedislikethewaywespoke,buthedislikedthewaywedressed.他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。练习一．单项选择1.Itwasatthegate____hetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when2.Is____necessarytotellhisfathereverythingA.itB.thatC.whatD.he3.Wasitinthispalace____thelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which4.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it5.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then6.Is____necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?A.thisB.thatC.itD.he7.Idon"tthink____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it8.Does____matterifhecan"tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it9.Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____,Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then10.Tom‘smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it11.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage. A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It12.Is________possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A．nowB．manC．thatD．it13．Ourfoodandservicearebetterthan________usedtobe.A．itB．weC．theyD．them14．________appearstome________thereportmustbetruth.A．That;itB．It;thatC．It;itD．That;that15．Hefeels________dutytohelpothers.A．thatheB．thathisC．itheD．ithis16．Take________easy.Theroadsareicy.A．itB．themC．usD．you17．TheTVsetsmadeinChinaaremuchbetterthan________inJapan.A．thatB．thoseC．themD．It18．——Haveyoufoundthebikeyoulostyesterday?——Yes,I"vefound________already.A．itB．thatC．theoneD．thatone19.——I"mlookingforaflat.——Wouldyoulike____with____garden?A．it;theB．it;aC．one;aD．one;the20．________was________whoImetinthemuseumthismorning.A．It;himB．It;heC．That;heD.That;him21．Itwasinthericefields________wehadourLeaguemeeting.A．whereB．thatC．inwhichD．onwhich22．________youcometothepartysolate?A．WhyisitB．WhyitisC．WhyitisthatD．Whyisitthat23．——Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident——No,___onlythetwopassengers___gothurt．A．theywere;thatB．therewas;thatC．itwas;whoD．thereare;who24．Idon"tthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A．thisB．thatC．itsD．it25．Itwasnot________shetookoffherglasses________Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar．A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then26.Itwasnotuntil1920____regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A．whileB．whichC．thatD．since27．________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A．ThereB．ThisC．ThatD．It28．Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A．thatB．untilC．beforeD．when29．ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A．untilB．thatC．thenD．So30．Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A．itB．thatC．theseD．them31．——Whydon"twetakealittlebreak?——Didn"twejusthave________?A．itB．thatC．oneD．this32.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar____hedied？(MET88)A．that　B．WhileC．inwhich　　D．Then33.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship？(MET88)A．now　B．that　C．it　D．Man34.Idon"tthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmomorywork．(MET90)A．ThisB．that　C．its　　D．It35.___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage．(NMET95)A．ThereB．ThisC．That　D．It36.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithfaceandanhourhandwasmade． (NMET97)A．thatB．untilC．before　D．when37.____computersplaysuchanimportantpartinourdailylife?A．Whyitisthat　　B．WhyisitthatC．Whywasitthat　D．Whyisit38.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar_____hedied?A.thatB.whileC.inwhichD.then39.Is____necessarytotakeoffourshoeswhenweenterthelab?A.everyoneB.thisC.herD.it40.Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.thatC.itD.man41.Idon’tthink___possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it42.Sheheardofaterriblenoise,___broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that43.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he44.Does____matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it45.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but____didn’thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.it46.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it47.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It48.Ihopethereareenoughglassesforeachguesttohave_____.A.itB.thoseC.themD.one49.Itwasabout600yearsago___thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when50.Ihate____whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them51.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently____Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so52.Itistheabilitytodothejob____mattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it53.It____youthat____toblame.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;areD.are;is54.Was_____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou55.____electricityplayssuchanimportantpartinourlife?A.WhyisitthatB.WhyisitC.WhyitisthatD.Whyisthat56.Itwas____hesaid_____disappointedme.A.what;whatB.that;thatC.what;thatD.that;what57.Itwasinthelab___wastakenchargeofbyProfessorHarris___theydidtheexperiment.A.which;thatB.that;whatC.whom;thatD.which;where58.Manypeoplenowmake　　　　　　aruletobuycardsfortheirfriendsbeforeChristmas.A.themselves　　　B.it　　　C.that　　　D.this59.Someoneisatthedoor,whois　　　　　?A.this　　　B.that　　　C.it　　　D.he60.—Itisrainingcatsanddogs.　—　　　　　　　　.　A.Soitis　　B.Soisit　C.Neitheritis　　　D.Neitherisit二.分析it成分，辨清相似句型。1.①_____iswellknowtousallthattheearthisround.②____iswellknowntousall,theearthisround.A.ThatB.AsC.ItD.Which 2.①_____doesn’tmattermuchwhetherhe’llcometotheparty.②Ifeel____anhonourtobeinvitedtospeakhere.A.thisB.itC.thatD.what3.①___nowonderthathehaspassedtheexam.②___noneedforyoutowaithere.A.TherebeingB.ItwasC.ItisD.Thereis4.①Wasitthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?②Wasitinthehouse____AbrahamLincolnwasborn?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.bothAandB5.①It’sverykind____youtohelpus.②It’sveryimportant_____youtokeepthebalanceofnature.A.forB.ofC.toDwith.6.①Itisnogood____suchathing.②It’sofnoimportance_____suchathing.A.doB.todoC.doingD.done7.①It"stimethatwe____toschool.②Itisthesecondtimethatwe_____toBeijing.A.goB.wentC.havebeenD.havegone8.①It"stomorrow____heisgoingtoBeijing.②Itwas8o"clock_____hewenttoschool.A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.since9.①Itis3years____hejoinedthearmy.②Itwillbe3years____wemeetagain.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when“it” 的用法 1. In summer _________ hotter in Shanghai than in Beijing. A. it is      B. it were    C. there is    D. this is 2.Was it in 1969 _______the American astronaut succeeded _______landing on the moon? A.when;on  B.that;on  C.when; in  D.that; in 3.Was_______that I saw last night at the concert? A.it you   B.not you  C.you   D.that  yourself 4.There is a photo on the wall.________ a photo of Marx. A.It    B.It"s   C.Its    D.He"s 5.The teacher kept telling him that he should work harder, but __________didn"t help. A.it    B.he   C.which   D.she  6.Is______possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? A.this   B.man   C.that    D.it 7.He felt_____ his duty to help the poor.  A.it"s   B.its   C.that    D.it 8.It ______Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago. A.was    B.are    C.were   D.had been 9.How long ______ to finish the work? A. you’ll take     B.will take you  C.you"ll take it    D.will it take you  10.It was through Jack______Mary got to know Bob. A.who   B.whom   C.how    D.that 11.It was______I went there_______ I began to know something about the matter. A.until;when    B.until;that   C.not until; that   D.not when; that 12. _________ in the city that I saw your friend yesterday. A. This is     B. That is    C. There is    D.It is 13. ________that he has gone abroad. A. He is said    B.It is said    C.It was said  D.It says 14. _________ true that you met Premier Zhou once? A. Were it     B. Was it     C. Is it       D. Is there 15.It was_______late in the evening that her husband arrived home. A.after   B.when   C.till    D.not until 16.Does_____ matter if he can"t finish the job on time?    A.this    B.that    C.he     D.it 17.My spelling book is missing. I can"t remember where I put________. A.it   B.this     C.that    D.them18.-Who"s knocking at the door? - _________ . A.I"m John     B.John is me  C.John is the man    D.It"s John19.- What date is it today? -_______is the eighth of March today. A.The date  B.Ther  C.Today  D.It 20.It is______who______wrong.    A.me; me   B.me; is   C.I; am  D.I; is1. Look,________. A. here the bus comes    B. here is the bus coning C. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming 2. —Where is Kate?   —Look，_______, she is at the school gate.   A. there she is      B. there is she    C. here you are     D. here it is  3. Which of the following sentences is correct? A. In the teacher came   B. In did come the teacher C. In did the teacher come  D. In came the teacher 4. Out _____, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rush     B. rushed he    C. he rushed    D. he did rush 5. _______, he is honest.   A. As he is poor     B. Poor is he    C. Poor as he is    D. Poor as is he 6. _____, he knows a lot of things.   A. A child as he is    B. Child as he is   C. A child as is he   D. Child as is he7. _____, you can’t lift yourself up. A. Even you’re strong     B. Strong as you are C. How strong you are   D. In spite you’re strong 8. So carelessly ________that he almost killed himself. A. he drives     B. he drove     C. does he drive   D. did he drive 9. Early in the day ____the news _____the enemy were gone.   A. come; that     B. came; that    C. comes; that    D. came; what 10. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages_____ them well.   A. you can learn    B. can you learn   C. you learned    D. did you learn 11. Only after liberation _____ to be treated as human beings. A.did they begin   B. they had begun   C. they did begin   D. had they begun 12. Not only ____ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to see his friends.   A. he was forcing    B. he was forced    C. was he forcing   D. was he forced 13. Not until his father was out of prison____ to school. A. can John go    B. John can go    C. could John go   D. John could go 14. Never before _____ seen such a stupid man.   A. am I          B. was I        C. have I        D. shall I 15. Rarely ____such a silly thing.   A. have I heard of    B. I have heard of C. am I heard of   D. had I heard of 16. Little _____ about his own health though he was very ill. A. he cared     B. did he care    C. does he care    D. he cares 17. Only when _____ in the afternoon  _____ able to leave. A. the match was over; they were   B. was the match over; were they  C. was the match over; they were  D. the match was over; were they 18. Hardly ____ down ____ he stepped in.    A. had I sat; than    B. I had sat; when   C. had I sat; then    D. had I sat; when 19. No sooner _____asleep than she heard a knock at the door.    A. she had fallen    B. had she fallen   C. she had fell    D. had she fell 20. She did not see Smith. ________.  A. Neither did I    B. Nor didn’t I    C. Neither I did    D. So didn’t I 21. In front of the farmhouse ______.  A. lay a peasant boy B. laid a peasant boy C. a peasant lay D. did a peasant boy lie 22.---You ought to have given them some advice.  ---_____, but who cared what I said ?    A. So ought you     B. So I ought    C. So did you    D. So I did 23. —It was hot yesterday.  —_____. A. It was so.     B. So was it.     C. So it was.     D. So it did 24. No longer _____ to be monitor of the class. A. is he fit  B. he is fit  C. he fit  D. fit be 25. —You like football very much.   —________. A. So do I    B. So I do    C. I do too    D. It is the same with me 26. Only by practicing a few hours every day___ be able to master the language. A. you can     B. can you     C. you will     D. will you 27. Hardly _____ the bus stop ___ the bus arrived. A. we had got to; when    B. we had got to; then C. had we got to; than      D. had we got to; when 28. —Where is your brother?   —There ______.   A. he is coming    B. he comes    C. comes he     D. does he come  29. _____ earlier you would have met him.    A. If you came    B. If you did come  C. Did you come     D. Had you come 30. Not only ____ polluted but ____crowded.    A. was the city; were the street     B. the city was; were the street    C. was the city; the streets were      D. the city was; the streets were 31. She is a teacher and works at the college. _______. A. So is Li Ming    B. So does Li Ming  C. So is it with Li Ming  D. So it is with Li Ming 32. Now ___ Tom’s turn to recite the text.   A. there is      B. is going     C. has come     D. comes 33.Hearing the cat coming, off_____.    A. fled all the mice    B. away fled the mice  C. all the mice fled away     D. fleeing all the mice 34. _______ reading and speaking English every day, he would speak it well enough now.   A. Had he practiced B. Did he practice C. Should he practice  D. Were he to practice 35. Nearby _____ in which they had spent their summer vacation.  A. was two houses B. two houses were C. were two houses  D. are two houses 36. Not only a writer but also ______ here.  A. an actor was wanted     B. was an actor wanted  C. an actor were wanted   D. were an actor wanted 37. So tired ____ after a whole day’s heavy work that I ____ stand on my feet.   A. was I; could hardly        B. was I felt; could hardly   C. was I; couldn’t hardly    D. I was; hardly couldn’t 38. Only in this way_____expect to get over so many difficulties.   A. we are sure to   B. can we      C. that we can     D. that can we 39. After that we never saw her again, nor ________ from her. A. did we hear      B. we heard  C. has we heard        D. we have heard             40. Not until I began to work _____ how much time I had wasted.    A. didn’t I realize   B. did I realize  C. I didn’t realize      D. I realize        41. —Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?   —I don’t know, _____.    A. nor don’t I care   B. nor do I care  C. I don’t care neither    D. I don’t care also    42. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.    A. how they were excited    B. how excited they were C. how excited were they     D. they were how excited        43. Not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.   A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C.the villagers did realized D. didn’t the villagers realize         44. Little _____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.    A. does he care     B. did he care  C. he cares          D. he cared            45. —David has made great progress recently.   —_______, and _______.    A. So he has; so you have         B. So he has; so have you  C. So has he; so have        D. So has he; so you have      46. —It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night.     —My God! ______.   A. So did I     B. So I did   C. So were you     D. So did you   47. Not a single song _____ at yesterday’s party.    48.A. she sang       B. sang she  C. did she sing     D. she did sing    48. _____ the people have become masters of their own country that science can really serve the people.  A. Only then   B. It is only then  C. Only when   D. It is only when 49. Not only _______ difficult to understand, but it was too long.    A. it was        B. it made       C. did it make      D. was it 50. Only when the rain stopped _____ again.    A. the match started     B. does the match start    C. did the match start     D. the match had started