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  • 2022-06-17 16:01:14 发布

高三英语语法总复习——英语的时态

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英语的时态(1) 1.表示经常性;习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually,often,always,everyday,sometimes,onceamonth,never,onMondays等时间状语连用。2.表示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。Henevergivesup,wheneverhefails.Waterboilsat100centigradedegrees.一、一般现在时的用法 3.表示现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状 态。4.表示与安排、计划或时刻表有关的动 作。常用于起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词。It’sSundaytoday.Youlookverytired.Theeveningclassbeginsat19:00.MyfatherreturnshomenextSunday. 知识扩展:一般现在时表将来1)下列动词:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.2)在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I"llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.3)在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom. 二、一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?IsawTominthestreetyesterday.IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear.2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Heusedtoactlikethat. 3)用过去时表示现在,表示语气委婉礼貌。(1)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如:Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat.Didyouwanttospeaktomenow?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.(2)情态动词could,would,例如:Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4)用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldturntohimforhelp. 三、一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式,表示将来。a.主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划,安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeputonnextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事“预见性将来”Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday. 4)beaboutto+不定式,意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意:beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。☆beto和begoingto的用法之比较:beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而begoingto则表示主观的打算或计划。例如:Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)I"mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排) begoingto与will 答语B与C有什么区别?A:Thesalthasbeenusedup.B:I"mgoingtogetsometoday.C:I"llgetsometoday.乍然看来,B和C的答话的意思是一样的,都是:“今天我要去买些”,其实不然。B用amgoingtoget回答,其言外之意是:“在A讲完这句话之前,他早已心中有数,并且早就有去买的打算”。C用willget来回答,表示:“事前并不知道盐已用完,原先也没有打算去买,直等到A讲了之后,他才决定去买”。 答语B与C有什么区别?A:Whereismydictionary?B:I"mgoingtogetitforyou.C:I"llgetitforyou.表示说话时马上要做的动作(多半是听了对方的话语后所做出的反应),用will:A:MychesthurtswhenIbreathe.B:Canyouliedownplease,andI’ll examineyou? 在表示按计划或安排要发生的动作时,可以用begoingto;will表示单纯的将来,只是客观的叙述,并无规定或计划之意。TherailwayisgoingtobeopeninOctober.Istheregoingtobeapartytomorrowevening?Itwillbecomewarmwhenspringcomes. 两者皆可用于预料要发生的动作,表示说话人的揣测,用will;表示现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况,多用begoingto。Lootattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.Shewillbeallrightaftertakingthe medicine.ThatwillbeDrWang’sclinic.Let’s goandhavealook. begoingto可用于表示将来时间的条件状语从句,will却不能:Ifheisgoingtotaketheexam,he’d bettergetprepared.Ifwearegoingtostartearly,5o’clock isOK. —CanIspeaktoJim,please? —Justaminute.I_________gethim.Theagreement__________comeintoforcenextyear.I’mnotfeelingwell,andI_______gotoseeadoctor.Ithinkit__________snow.Nextyear,he________bethirtyyearsold.willwill/isgoingtowillwillwill How_____you_________spendyourholiday?—I’vedecidedtorepaintthisroom. —Oh,haveyou?Whatcolour____ you_______paintit?—TheweatherissoniceandIam goingtositinthegarden. —That’sagoodidea.I_________join you.willaregoingtoaregoingto 四.现在进行时 1.表示此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作:Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport_________andIwanttolisten.(2009湖南卷)isbroadcastisbeingbroadcasthasbeenbroadcasthadbeenbroadcast 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但说话时不一定正在发生:Teenagers__theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.A.havedamagedB.aredamagingC.damagedD.willdamage(2008重庆卷) 3.与always,allthetime等连用可表示反复性、一贯性的动作,且常带有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。He___ofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.A.willalwaysthinksB.isalwaysthinkingC.hasalwaysbeenthoughtD.doesthinkalways 4.come,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,drive等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。Iwanttoknowwhenhe___forNewYork.A.hasleftB.isleavingC.hadleftD.wouldleave 知识扩展:不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词。如:have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理状态的动词。如:know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬间动词。如:accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.4)系动词。如:seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired. 五、过去进行时概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。常用的时间状语有:thismorning,thewholemorning,atthatmoment,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例句:Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining. 典型例题1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.made B.ismaking C.wasmaking D.makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read;wasfalling B.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfalling D.read;fell答案B.句中的as=while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fallsick。 1.Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especiallythosefromthecountryside,_______intheclothingindustry.A.isworkingB.worksC.workD.worked2.—Doyoulikethecloth?—Yes,it_______verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt 3.Monthsago,wesailed10,000milesacrossthisopensea,which____thePacific,andwemetnostorms.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled4.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning 5.—Whatareyougoingtodothis afternoon?—Iamgoingtothecinemawith somefriends.Thefilm____quite early,sowe___tothebookstore afterthat.A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finishes;aregoingD.finishes;go 6.Becausetheshop____,alltheT- shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown7.I____ping-pongquitewell,butI haven’thadtimetoplaysincethe newyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play 8.—Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?—Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou______thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishB.arefinishingD.finish9.Healways______carefulnoteswhileheislisteningtotheteacherinclass.A.willtakeB.tookC.takesD.istaking 1.—Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Don’tyoulikeit?—I’msorryI______anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkit’ssmart.A.wasn’tmaking    B.don’tmakeC.won’tmake        D.didn’tmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity______sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischanging        B.haschangedC.willhavechanged        D.willchange3.He______quitewell,buthehasn’thadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswim      B.haveswum   C.swam           D.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe____bynow.A.hasn’tturnedup    B.doesn’tturnupC.won’tturnup        D.hadn’tturnedup 5.I’mterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_____thewrongbus.A.catch         B.hadcaught      C.caught             D.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_______acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalk        B.hadbeenwalkingC.walked          D.waswalking8.Ireallydon’tthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_____.A.is                  B.does          C.willbe              D.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_________.A.wereplaying          B.weretoplayC.hadplayed            D.played 10.—Kateisinhospital.—Oh,really?I_______.________visither.A.didn’tknow;I’llgoand      B.don’tknow;I’llgoandC.don’tknow;I’mgoingto        D.didn’tknow;I’mgoingto11.—Where_______theguidebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.—I_______itrighthere,butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveput            B.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;put                  D.wereyouputting;put14.—Doyouliveinthiscity?—No,we______itforholidays.A.justvisit    B.justvisited  C.arejustvisiting  D.havevisited15.—Howistheoldmannow?—Sorry,he______thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdead        B.haddied      C.hasbeendead      D.died 16.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures______.A.willbetaken    B.aretaken     C.weretaken  D.hadbeentaken17.I’mafraiditwillbetwomonths______.A.whenIcomeback  B.whenI’llcomebackC.beforeIcomeback  D.beforeI’llcomeback18.Theworkers_____busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe______intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleft  B.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleft  D.hadworked;left21.Thenotice______“Nosmoking”.A.istold    B.reads          C.tells      D.isread