高三英语语法总复习——英语的时态 33页

英语的时态（1） 1.表示经常性;习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually,often,always,everyday,sometimes,onceamonth,never,onMondays等时间状语连用。2.表示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。Henevergivesup,wheneverhefails.Waterboilsat100centigradedegrees.一、一般现在时的用法 3.表示现在时刻发生的动作或存在的状态。4.表示与安排、计划或时刻表有关的动作。常用于起始、往返、出发、到达之意的动词。It’sSundaytoday.Youlookverytired.Theeveningclassbeginsat19:00.MyfatherreturnshomenextSunday. 知识扩展：一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.2）在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.I"llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.3）在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom. 二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?IsawTominthestreetyesterday.IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Heusedtoactlikethat. 3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。（1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat.Didyouwanttospeaktomenow?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.（2）情态动词could,would，例如：Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldturntohimforhelp. 三、一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeputonnextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事“预见性将来”Lookatthedarkclouds;thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday. 4)beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。☆beto和begoingto的用法之比较：beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而begoingto则表示主观的打算或计划。例如：Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客观安排)I"mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排) begoingto与will 答语B与C有什么区别？A：Thesalthasbeenusedup．B：I"mgoingtogetsometoday．C：I"llgetsometoday．乍然看来，B和C的答话的意思是一样的，都是：“今天我要去买些”，其实不然。B用amgoingtoget回答，其言外之意是：“在A讲完这句话之前，他早已心中有数，并且早就有去买的打算”。C用willget来回答，表示：“事前并不知道盐已用完，原先也没有打算去买，直等到A讲了之后，他才决定去买”。 答语B与C有什么区别？A：Whereismydictionary？B：I"mgoingtogetitforyou．C：I"llgetitforyou．表示说话时马上要做的动作(多半是听了对方的话语后所做出的反应)，用will：A：MychesthurtswhenIbreathe.B：Canyouliedownplease,andI’llexamineyou? 在表示按计划或安排要发生的动作时，可以用begoingto；will表示单纯的将来,只是客观的叙述,并无规定或计划之意。TherailwayisgoingtobeopeninOctober.Istheregoingtobeapartytomorrowevening?Itwillbecomewarmwhenspringcomes. 两者皆可用于预料要发生的动作，表示说话人的揣测，用will；表示现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况，多用begoingto。Lootattheclouds.Itisgoingtorain.Shewillbeallrightaftertakingthemedicine.ThatwillbeDrWang’sclinic.Let’sgoandhavealook. begoingto可用于表示将来时间的条件状语从句，will却不能：Ifheisgoingtotaketheexam,he’dbettergetprepared.Ifwearegoingtostartearly,5o’clockisOK. —CanIspeaktoJim,please?—Justaminute.I_________gethim.Theagreement__________comeintoforcenextyear.I’mnotfeelingwell,andI_______gotoseeadoctor.Ithinkit__________snow.Nextyear,he________bethirtyyearsold.willwill/isgoingtowillwillwill How_____you_________spendyourholiday?—I’vedecidedtorepaintthisroom.—Oh,haveyou?Whatcolour____you_______paintit?—TheweatherissoniceandIamgoingtositinthegarden.—That’sagoodidea.I_________joinyou.willaregoingtoaregoingto 四.现在进行时 1.表示此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作：Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport_________andIwanttolisten.(2009湖南卷）isbroadcastisbeingbroadcasthasbeenbroadcasthadbeenbroadcast 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在发生：Teenagers__theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.A.havedamagedB.aredamagingC.damagedD.willdamage（2008重庆卷） 3.与always,allthetime等连用可表示反复性、一贯性的动作，且常带有赞扬或厌恶的感情色彩。He___ofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.A.willalwaysthinksB.isalwaysthinkingC.hasalwaysbeenthoughtD.doesthinkalways 4.come,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,drive等动词可用现在进行时表示安排和计划或即将发生的动作。Iwanttoknowwhenhe___forNewYork.A.hasleftB.isleavingC.hadleftD.wouldleave 知识扩展：不用进行时的动词1)事实状态的动词。如：have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)心理状态的动词。如：know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)瞬间动词。如：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.4)系动词。如：seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired. 五、过去进行时概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。常用的时间状语有：thismorning,thewholemorning,atthatmoment,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例句：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining. 典型例题1)Mary___adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.made　B.ismaking　C.wasmaking　D.makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2)Asshe___thenewspaper,Granny___asleep.A.read;wasfalling　B.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfalling　D.read;fell答案B.句中的as=while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell(fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fallsick。 1.Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen,especiallythosefromthecountryside,_______intheclothingindustry.A.isworkingB.worksC.workD.worked2.—Doyoulikethecloth?—Yes,it_______verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt 3.Monthsago,wesailed10,000milesacrossthisopensea,which____thePacific,andwemetnostorms.A.wascalledB.iscalledC.hadbeencalledD.hasbeencalled4.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People____toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning 5.—Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?—Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilm____quiteearly,sowe___tothebookstoreafterthat.A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finishes;aregoingD.finishes;go 6.Becausetheshop____,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.A.hascloseddownB.closeddownC.isclosingdownD.hadcloseddown7.I____ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play 8.—Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?—Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou______thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishB.arefinishingD.finish9.Healways______carefulnoteswhileheislisteningtotheteacherinclass.A.willtakeB.tookC.takesD.istaking 1.—Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Don’tyoulikeit?—I’msorryI______anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkit’ssmart.A.wasn’tmaking    B.don’tmakeC.won’tmake        D.didn’tmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity______sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischanging        B.haschangedC.willhavechanged        D.willchange3.He______quitewell,buthehasn’thadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswim      B.haveswum   C.swam           D.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe____bynow.A.hasn’tturnedup    B.doesn’tturnupC.won’tturnup        D.hadn’tturnedup 5.I’mterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_____thewrongbus.A.catch         B.hadcaught      C.caught             D.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_______acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalk        B.hadbeenwalkingC.walked          D.waswalking8.Ireallydon’tthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_____.A.is                  B.does          C.willbe              D.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_________.A.wereplaying          B.weretoplayC.hadplayed            D.played 10.—Kateisinhospital.—Oh,really?I_______.________visither.A.didn’tknow;I’llgoand      B.don’tknow;I’llgoandC.don’tknow;I’mgoingto        D.didn’tknow;I’mgoingto11.—Where_______theguidebook?Ican’tseeitanywhere.—I_______itrighthere,butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveput            B.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;put                  D.wereyouputting;put14.—Doyouliveinthiscity?—No,we______itforholidays.A.justvisit    B.justvisited  C.arejustvisiting  D.havevisited15.—Howistheoldmannow?—Sorry,he______thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdead        B.haddied      C.hasbeendead      D.died 16.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures______.A.willbetaken    B.aretaken     C.weretaken  D.hadbeentaken17.I’mafraiditwillbetwomonths______.A.whenIcomeback  B.whenI’llcomebackC.beforeIcomeback  D.beforeI’llcomeback18.Theworkers_____busilywhenthebosscametolookforsomethinghe______intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleft  B.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleft  D.hadworked;left21.Thenotice______“Nosmoking”.A.istold    B.reads          C.tells      D.isread