高中英语语法主谓之一致 28页

主谓一致 主谓一致是指主语与谓语动词必须在人称和数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也要用复数形式；主语是单数，谓语也要用单数形式。 1.由and连接的两个并列成分如果指的是同一概念或一个人的双重身份时谓语动词用单数；如表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(这位工人兼作家，指一个人的双重身份)TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.(这位工人和这位作家，指两个不同的概念)由and连接的指同一概念的还有：theneedleandthread针线theforkandknife刀叉BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.CathyandherdaughterLindahavegonefishing. 2.everyoneoneeacheitherneitherof+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Eachofthestudentshasadictionary.延伸：EachcountryintheUnitedKingdomhasacapitalcity.NeitherofusisEnglish.Eitherofyouisfitfortheposition. 3代词none常与of连用，of后为不可数名词，谓语动词一定用单数；of后为可数名词复数，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。Noneofthemhave/hasarrivedyet.Noneofthewaterisleft. 4由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body所构成的不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。all,some,any等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。Allthepeoplearepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.Allarepresent.Allgoeswell.all单独做主语时,指物谓语用单数，指人谓语用复数 5.“half/most/part/therest/lots/plenty/分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语,谓语动词要和of之后的名词单复数保持一致。Two-thirdsofthepeopleareagainsttheplan.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredbysea.Overtwentypercentofthecitywasdestroyedinthewar.Forty-fivepercentofthedoctorswerewomen. 6.表示时间、距离、金钱等概念的复数名词作主语时，如果表达一个整体概念，谓语用单数；如果表达一个个体概念，谓语用复数。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown. 7.every…and(every)…,each…and(each)…,no…and(no)…,manya…and(manya)…这四个结构连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake. 8.集合名词family（家庭/家庭成员），team(队/队员)，group（组/组员）,class(班/班上的全体学生)，government(政府/政府工作人员)，crew(全体船员、机组人员/个体船员、机组人员)，committee(委员会/委员们)，audience(听众、观众、读者),population(人口)等作主语时，若看作整体谓语用单数，若看作个体成员谓语用复数。HisfamilyisinHarbin.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.Oursoccerteamisfantastic.1）Hisfamily_______asmallone．2）Hisfamily_______fatandshort．A．is，isB．are，areC．is，areD．are，isItwaslate,buttheaudiencewasincreasing.时间很迟了，但听众人数却在增加。Theaudiencewereallmovedtotears.听众都感动得流了泪。 Thisclassconsistsof45students.Mr.Greenteachesit．Theclassarealldiligent.Mr.Greenteachesthem.Theteamisthebestintheleague．这个队在联赛中打得最好。Thefootballteamarehavingbaths．足球队队员们在洗澡。 但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1)有的集合名词(不可数）总是用作单数：clothing衣服，equipment设备，jewelry珠宝，furniture家俱，scenery景色，poetry诗歌等。2)有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)，谓语动词总用复数：people人，police警察，cattle牛等。 9.由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso，not…but…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，即就近原则。NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.1）Youorhe_______toblame．你或他有一人应受责备。2）_______youorhetoblame?受责备的是你还是他？A．is，IsB．are，AreC．is，AreD．are，IsNotonlyIbutJaneandMary_____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.(89’)A.isB.areC.amD.be 10.主语后跟“with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/aswellas/besides/ratherthan+名词”结构时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致，即就远原则。Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift．A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered 11不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.12单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。13以s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、报刊等名称的词作主语，谓语动词用单数。但goods、theOlympicGames等以s结尾的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears. 14means,works等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。Thesteelworksisnearthestation.Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.15anumberof/quantitiesof/amountsof+名词作主语，谓语动词总用复数。16“kind,sort,pair,type+of+名词”作主语，以这些名词本身的单复数而定。Apairoftrousersisenough.Twopairsoftrousersareenough. 17the+adj.作主语，如果表示一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果表示一类物，谓语动词用单数。18关系代词who,that,which在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数与先行词一致。 Who_____(be)yourbrother？Who_____(be)yourbrothers？Whathesaid______(be)quitecorrect．Whatheleftme_____(be)onlyafewoldbooks．Which____yourpencil?Which____yourpencils?19.疑问代词who,what,which作主语时，谓语动词根据说话人所表达的意思决定单复数。isareisareisare 1I,notyou,______wrong.NotIbuthe______beeninvited.A.were,haveB.were,hasC.was,hasD.was,have2Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______yet.(91’)A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided析:when和where指的是建新工厂这同一件事，谓语动词当然用单数。AExercises 3E-mail,aswellastelephones,____animportantpartindailycommunication.(99上海2)A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play 4Oneortwodays____enoughtovisitthecity．A.isB.areC.amD.be5NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind．A.isB.areC.amD.be 6NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother．A.isB.areC.amD.be7Nottheteacherbutthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm．A.isB.areC.amD.be 8Awomanwithsomechildren______soon．A.iscomingB.arecomingC.hascomeD.havecome9Nooneexceptmyparents____anythingaboutthis。A.knowB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown 10Theteacheraswellasthestudents______thebookalready．A.hasreadB.havereadC.arereadingD.isreading11Allbutone____intheaccident．A.waskilledB.werekilledC.willbekilledD.arekilled 12Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were13____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are14．NobodybutBettyandMary____lateforclassyesterday．A．wasB．wereC．hasbeenD．havebeen 15.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.[2004北京]WasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe16.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_____eachyear.(2005山东)A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway 17.---Isthisraincoatyours?---No,mine_______therebehindthedoor.hashungB.hangsC.ishangingD.hung18.Theboytogetherwithhistwobrothers______forShanghai.A.hasleftB.haveleftC.isleftD.areleft19.Itseemstomethatfiveyears_______.A.aresoashorttimeB.aresuchashorttimeC.issoshortatimeD.issuchshortatime. 20.Thewounded_________bythehospital.A.havebeentakeninB.hasbeentakeninC.havetakeninD.hastakenin21.Davidisoneofthosepeoplewho_____troubleinmakingup_______.have;hismindB.has;hismindC.have;theirmindsD.has;theirminds22.TheOlympicGames______heldevery______years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five23.Nobirdandnobeast______inthelonelyisland.A.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees