高中英语语法动词不定式 37页

动词不定式及其用法 Grammar一动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。 动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补 作主语Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。 作宾语Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。 afford,agree,appear,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,claim,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,expect,fail,get,guarantee,hate,help,hope,hurry,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promiserefuse,seem,tend,threaten,want,wishThefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbytheinfinitive.Remember! Thefollowingverbsarenormallyfollowedbyv-ing.avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,forgive,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pardon,prevent,resist,suggest,understand,can’thelpRememberthem! 作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。 作定语Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么要说的吗?2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth Itseemsthathehasnopen______.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith注意如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词Eg.Heisapleasantpersontoworkwith. 不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.注意 作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的状语.原因状语.结果状语 目的状语:常用的结构—todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/such…astodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.结果状语:常与only,enough或too连用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因状语:一般用在句尾I’mgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight. 作宾补Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou. 1)带to的不定式作宾补。很多动词如:allow,order,force,permit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等后面作宾补的不定式都带to。 如:Hedidn’tallowustosmokeinhishouse.他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。2)不带to的不定式作宾补。使役动词make,have,let;感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,listento,notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带to。如:Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybodylaugh.他做了一个鬼脸,逗得大家都笑了。 如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语,此时第2类动词(let,have无被动语态)后原来不带to的不定式要加to。如:Isawhimgoupstairs.Hewasseentogoupstairs.有人看见他上楼去了。Becareful!注意: 动词不定式的时态1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Ihopetoseeyounextweek.㈠.一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。 ㈡.进行式(tobedoing)1.HepretendedtobeworkingwhenIcamein.2.Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassinghim.表示谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。动词不定式的时态 动词不定式的时态㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。 动词不定式的语态㈠.主动式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时. 动词不定式的语态㈡.被动式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadlyD.tohavebeenbadlytreated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时. 注意A.动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.否定副词not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前Mymothertoldmenevertodoitagain. 注意B.动词不定式之后可加疑问词，通常做主语，宾语。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook? 注意C.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。 1.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecan’thelp_____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned练习 3.Noteverybodyhastheabilityinpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak4.Maryisalwaysthefirststudenttoanswertheteacher’squestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen 5.—Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?---_____enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.—Wouldyoubesokindasusout?---Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inhelpingC.helpD.tohelp 7Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating8.Weagreed___here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning 10.Wetumbrellasarenotallowedintothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking11.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying 高考链接1.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.(2008全国I卷)A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathedB 2.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.(2008北京卷)A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding3.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.(2008北京卷)A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomedAC 4._____theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(2008湖南卷)A.CompletingB.CompleteC.CompletedD.Tocomplete5.Ifthereisalotofwork_____,I"mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.(2008上海卷)A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doingDA 6.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere_______foraspaceflight.(07江西卷)A.training       B.beingtrainedC.tohavetrained  D.tobetrained7.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_______.(07浙江卷)A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheardDA Translation1.Iforgottoaskyoutogotothecommunityservicecentre.2.Itisveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.3.Idon’tknowwheretofindsuchakindofbutton.4.Luckily,wedon’thavemuchmoreworktodo. 5.Helenisverypleasedtohavebeentomorethan20provincesandcitiesinChina.6.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhavesomechildren. 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