高考英语语法复习课件-不定式专题复习 43页

动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语宾语表语定语状语宾补 不定式或不定式短语可起名词，形容词和副词的作用，在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。一，不定式在句中的作用：1、主语：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。eg:Tomakeanewdresstakesheralotoftime.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It+谓语+todoeg:Ittakesusanhourtogettherebybus.句型2：It’s+n.+todoeg:It’sourdutytohelpthepoor.句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.注：for/ofsbtodosth为不定式复合结构。1)of引起的复合结构只能做主语。eg:It’sverykindofyoutohelpme. 2)for引起的复合结构在句中可做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。eg:Anothermethodisforthemtoleaveatonce.(表语)We’dbetterfindsomeworkforthechildrentodo.(定语)Heputthepaperondeskforyoutoread.(状语)Whathetoldhermadeitimpossibleforhimtogoonherwork.(宾语)It’scommonforleavestofallfromthetreesinautumn.(主语) 2、做表语：主语+系动词+不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)eg:Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).不定式toblame做表语,主动表被动.eg:Heistoblame.3).betodo可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;be是助动词，无词义,其主语为具体名词(人/事物);tobe可用begoingto或will/shall代替,此时不定式是谓语的一部分,而不是表语.eg:Sheistoreturnnextweek.Hewasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain. 3.做定语:不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系,主谓关系和修饰性关系.1).动宾关系:Ihavealotofworktodo.Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.2).主谓关系:Sheisthebestpersontofinishthework.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboat.3).修饰性关系(同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词.need,time,way,right,chance,courage,reason,wish,movement.eg:Thereisnoneedforhimtocome.Hehasnotimetoreadthebook. 4.做状语:1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表强调.eg:Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime.2).结果状语:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto结构中。eg:Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork. 3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+todoa).表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.eg:I’mveryhappytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome.b).说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的情况时,即与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，主动表被动.interesting,difficult,easy,important,possible,expensive,dangerous,useful.eg:Thequestioniseasytoanswer.Heisdifficulttoteach. 5.做宾语:不定式做宾语的情况，一般表示将来的行为,这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发出的.1).下列动词只能加不定式做宾语..plan,choose,manage,learn,pretend,agree,decide,refuse.promise,prepare,offer,fail,hope,wish,expect,ask;demand,want,hesitate 2).不定式做动词tell,teach,know,show,findout,discover,see(understand)的宾语时,不定式前常加连接代词who,which,what和连接副词how,when,where构成不定式短语做宾语.eg:Idon"tknowhowtogetthere.注:why不能与不定式连用.3).begin,start,continue后接不定式,动名词意思一样.4).like,love,hate,prefer动名词表经常性的动作，不定式表一次性动作. 5).remember,forget,regret后动名词表已经做过的动作,不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作.6).stop,try,goon,mean,beafraid,propose后两者都可,但意义不同.proposetodo计划,打算做proposedoing建议做7).a).preferdoingtodoingprefertodoratherthandob).it’snousedoingit’suselesstodoc).beworthdoingbeworthyofbeingdonebeworthytobedone 6.做宾补(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系)1).有些动词(短语)必须接to的不定式做宾补talk,ask,warn,want,allow,permit,order,advise,force,beg,cause,encourage,invite,persuade,get,require,prefer,call,leave,expect,use(allow/permit/advisedoingsth) 四,不定式的时态和语态时态:三态todo/tobedoing/tohavedone一般式表示的动作通常与句中谓语动作同时或在其后发生eg:Wesawhimgototheshop.进行式表示不定式的动作正在进行.eg:Hepretendedtobeworkinghard.完成式表示不定式动作在谓语动作/状态前发生.I’mgladtohaveseenyourmother.eg:Ihappenedtohavereadthebook. 动词不定式To的几种常见的省略形式非谓语动词历来是高考中的重点，不定式结构在考点中常占很大比重。其中TO的用法很复杂，现就TO在一些结构中常被省略的情况作如下小结。1．感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带to，即我们常说的“一觉二听三让五看”：feel,listento、hear,let、make、have,see、watch、notice、observe、lookat.HenoticedTomtakeabranchofflowersinhishand.他注意到汤姆手中拿着一束鲜花。Theteacherhasuswriteacompositioneveryweek.老师要我们每周写一篇文章。注：　除let外其他在变成被动语态时要加上to。Thepersonwasseentoentertheshopbyus.我们看见那个人进了那家商店。 2．当主句中存在do动词的任何形式，介词but后就省去to,而只接do(只是do动词，不能是其他行为动词)其结构为cannotdobut（do)…，cannothelpbut(do)不得不…等句型，eg.Shecandonothingbut/exceptsing.她除了唱歌什么也没做。Thereisnothinghecoulddobutplayalldaylong。他除了整天玩，别无它事可做。Icouldn"tdoanythingbutsleepIdidnothingbutwaitHehadnothingtodobutcry.Ihadnochoicebuttosleep 3．不定式做help后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可带to也可不带。CanIhelp（to）carryitforyou?我可以帮你搬吗？Ihelpedhim（to）mendthebike.我帮助他修理自行车。4．在hadbetter，wouldrather，ratherthan之后省略to。You"dbetternottellhimthenews.你最好不把这个消息告诉他。Ratherthanwaitanyone,Idecidedtogohomebytaxi.我决定乘出租车回家而不愿等候任何人。 学习动词不定式时要特别注意以下几点：一、后接不定式的动词1.后接不定式做宾语的动词hope,agree,dare,decide,determine｜｜begin,start,refuse,prepare,offer｜｜manage,try,aim,forget,remember，choose｜｜seem,pretend,learn,love,hate等。(可记：希望同意敢决定，开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱憎。)2.后接不定式作宾补的动词permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage｜｜warn,adivse,persuade｜｜force,order,remind,teach等。(可记首字母：practicewapfort实践攻克堡垒。)3.后接不定式既作宾语又可作宾补的动词ask,beg,like,preter,help,promise,wish,want,expect等。（可记：请求、愿、助、诺、希望。） 二、不定式省略to的现象：1.在hadbetter,wouldrather,whynot…,donothingbut,wouldrather…than以及情态动词后。如：Tomwouldratherplaytennisthanswim.Icoulddonothingbutwaitforyou.2.在see,hear,watch,notice,feel,observe,let,make,have等感官动词和使役动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补，但当这些动词为被动时其后的不定式必须带to.如：Hesawtwomenentertheroom.Iwasmadetodoit三、不定式的否定式否定不定式时，否定副词not或never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。如:Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes. Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(NMET2000)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects高考题汇集： 3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.(MET1998)toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedC.havinginvented4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_______tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch 5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______.(NMET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.(MET97)tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking 7.Therearefivepairs___,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考)tobechosen  B.tochoosefromC.tochoose D.forchoosing8.________lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考)A.Tosleep B.SleepingC.Sleep D.Havingsleep 9.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考)settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_____inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying 11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying______theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考)tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade12.Theteacheraskedus_______somuchnoise.(2003北京春季高考)A.don"tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake 7.Wetumbrellasarenotallowedintothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking8.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying9.InAustraliahemadealotoffriends____averypracticalknowledgeofEnglish.getB.gettingC.togetD.got EXERCISES1.Youhadbetter______yourhaircut.A.had  B.have  Ctoget  Dtohave 2We______putthemeetingoffforaweek.Acanaswell  B.willaswell   C.shallaswell   D.mayaswell 3He______liveinthecountrythaninthecity.Aprefers  Blikesto Chadbetter  D.wouldrather 4 Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather______anastronaut.A.become  B.tobecome Cbecoming  D became 5 Pauldoesn"thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning 6 ---Iusuallygotherebytrain.----Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing7    Hewantstodonothingbut＿＿out.ＡtogoＢgoＣgoingＤgoes 8    Hewantstobelieveanythingbut___themedicine.    Atotake    Btake    Ctake          D takes 9Comparedwithwomen.menalwaysprefer____athomeratherthan____ somuchtimeshopping.    Atofinish,tospend  Btofinish,spendCfinish,spend  D finish ,tospend [巩固性练习]1.Shecan’thelp_____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.    tocleanB.cleaningC.tobecleaningD.beingcleaned2Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp_____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.    topersuadeB.tobepersuadedC.persuadingD.beingpersuading3   Weagreed____here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.    havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet 4   ----Youwerebraveenoughtoraisetheobjectionsatthemeeting.-----Well,nowIregret_____that.A.    todoB.todoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5 LittleTomshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking 6 I’vegotaterribleheadache.Itried____somemedicine,butitdidn’thelp.A.    totakeB.havingtakenC.takingD.tohavetaken7  ----Wouldyoujoinustonight?----I_____,butIhavetopreparefortomorrow’stest.A.wouldlovesoB.wouldlovetoC.wouldloveitD.wouldlove8  Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnight,butIhadtofinishextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone 9heletmerepeathisinstructions____surethatIunderstoodwhatwas____afterhewentaway.A.tomake,tobedoneB.making,doingC.tomake,todoD.making,todo10 ----Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.----Imeant____,butwhenIwasleaving,Icouldn’tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso11 InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans____foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting 12 Withalotofdifficultproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.    settledB.steelingC.tosettleD.beingsettled13. Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_____everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold 14.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtobearule___________.A.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking15.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,but_____itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake 练习：1.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwouldn’thavetimeto______beforetheparty.(NMET2004全国卷I)A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange2.Myadvisorencouraged______asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(NMET2004北京)A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake3.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen______,butI’mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.(NMET2004辽宁)A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard4.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It’stimeforusto______ourstudies.(NMET2004辽宁)A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover 5.Thefluisbelieved______byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(NMET2004上海)A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused6.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.(NMET2004福建)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told7.Itseemsthathehasnopen___.(NMET2003北京春)A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith8.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole______inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(NMET2003上海春)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying 9.Theteacheraskedus______somuchnoise.(NMET2003北京)A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake10.Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.(NMET1996)A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Weagree_____herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.(NMET1995)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet12.Hurryup,heissure______forus.(NMET1995)A.towaitB.tobewaitingC.waitingD.beingwaited 13.Attheshopping-centre,hedidn’tknowwhat_____and_____withanemptybag.A.tobuy;leaveB.tobebought;leftC.tobuy;leftD.wastobuy;leave14.Shemadeacandle___uslight.A.giveB.gaveC.togiveD.given15.—WhereshouldIsendmyform?—ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace______.A.forsendingitB.tosendittoC.tosendD.tosendit16.It’snecessary______someEnglishgrammar.A.forusstudentstolearnB.forwestudentstolearnC.ofusstudentstolearnD.forourstudentslearning 17.______kindtotheenemyis_____crueltothepeople.A.Be;beB.Tobe;tobeC.Tobe;beingD.Being;tobe18.Nomatterhowbusyheis,he______atleast15minutesaday.A.makesarulereadB.makesarulereadingC.makesitarulereadD.makesitaruletoread19.—IfMarydoesn’tcometoworkontime,shemaybefired.—Surelysheisnotsofoolish______it.A.asnottorealizeB.notastorealizeC.thatshedidn’trealizeD.asnotrealizing20.Ioughtto______himthenews,butIforgottodoso.A.remembertotellB.remembertellingC.haverememberedtotellD.haverememberedtelling 21.I______youtheexcitingnews,butyouwerenotathome.A.meanttellingB.meanttotellC.meanttohavingtoldD.meanttotelling22.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident______losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto23.Myfriend,David,wasnotused______byair,sohefeltunwell.A.totravelB.totravelingC.travelingD.travel24.WhenIwentoutithappened______.A.torainB.rainC.toberainingD.raining25.Ifeltitanhonour______tospeakhere.A.askingB.havingaskedC.toaskD.tobeasked 1.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC..havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecan’thelp______thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned3.Noteverybodyhastheabilityinpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak练习 10.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Weagreed___here,butsofarshehasn’tturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet12.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning Goodbye,everyone!