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2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结(含答案)一、名词的数语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 62)Thistrend,...,hashadsomeunintendedside62 (effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.解析:effects表示“一些意料外的副作用”,故用复数。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 61)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61(crowd)ontheroads...解析:crowds避免拥挤的人群。3. (2017 全国III卷 67)Shehasturneddownseveral67(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.解析:invitations由前面的several可知,要用复数形式。短文改错1. (2017 全国 I 卷)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthe word,“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”解析:word-*words后面有并列的三句话,故word用复数words。2. (2017 全国 II 卷)Besides,theyoftengetsomeuseful informations fromtheInternet.解析:informations-information因information是不可数名词,没有复数形式。二、代词阅读理解Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay...Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchange that.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A. Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B. Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C. Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D. Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.解析:指代前句中即前一段的最后一句中的themusichasfailedtoconnect6withyoungergenerations,比较各选项,只有C正确。 语法填空(2017 全国 II 卷 67)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing67everyday.解析:it指代前句中的therailway。短文改错1. (2017 全国 II 卷)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.解析:all-*both考查代词。因Mr.andMrs.Zhang是两个人,而all是指 三者或三者以上的“都”,故改all为表示两者“都”的both。2. (2017 全国 III 卷)Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesof your highschooldays.解析:you—my是“我的”照片,应是“我的”学生时代回忆美好的事。 (P171 第二组第二篇)1canclimbthehills.Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodfor your health.Aboveall,Icanlearnmoreaboutnature.解析(P55):your—my由语境可知,应是对“我的”身体有益。三、冠词 语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 65) As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.解析:a因asaresult固定短语。2. (2017 全国III卷 62)Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas62modelinNewYork.
解析:a表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词。3. (2017 全国 II 卷 64) Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64top.解析:the特指这条路的 短文改错1. (2017 全国 1 卷)IstillrememberhowhardAfirstdaywas.解析:在first前加the或my在序数词前要用定冠词the,在本文语境里,也可用my,表示“我学习驾驶的第一天”。2. (2017 全国 II 卷)Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.解析:a改成an/one 因half是以元音音素开头的,表示数量“一”,要用an 或 one。3. (2017 全国III卷)AroundmeinApicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime解析:在picture前加the或this特指上面提到的这张照片。 四、 介词语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 61)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界) 61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease...解析:as表示“作为” 一种方法。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 62)...andallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62work.解析:from因是固定搭配,表示“往返,来回”,toandfromwork意为 “上下班”。3. (2017 全国III卷 68)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree68engineeringorarchitecture.
解析:in表示“某方面的学位”用介词in。又如:take/getadegreeinlaw 获得法律学位。 短文改错1. (2017 全国 I 卷]0)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.解析:on-*of考查介词。表示“在y…的中间”是inthemiddleof。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 6)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.解析:for考查介词。因buy是及物动词,表示买某物,其后直接接宾语。3. (2017 全国III卷 1)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyselfIrealizeofhowfasttimeflies.解析:删除realize后的of因realize是及物动词,后直接接宾语从句, 不再用介词of,故删除。 五、 并列连词短文改错1. (2017 全国 I 卷)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindwentblank.解析:so-*but/yet考查并列连词。前后是转折关系。2. (2017 全国III卷)Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.解析:and—but 因 notonly...butalso 是固定搭配。六、从句连词 定语从句语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 70)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(口乞;betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood...Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.解析:which引导非限制性定语从句用which。2. (2017 全国III卷 64)ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalong
withtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析:who因谓语动词是后面的want,所以两个逗号之间是一个定语从 句,先行词是人又在从句中作主语,故填who。短文改错1. (2017 全国 II 卷)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden, that isontherooftopoftheirhouse.解析:tha卜which考^从句连词。引导非限制性定语从句不能用that,先 行词garden是物,用which。2. (2017 全国III卷)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethings they wereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime...解析:they-*that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,先行词是物, 应用 that 或 which。七、谓语动词 时态语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 67)Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt.解析:is主第M称单词,由上下文可知用一般现在时,故填is。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 68)Later,engineers68 (manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道)whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossible...解析:managed这是谓语动词,根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知,也用 一般过去时。3. (2017 全国III卷 69)MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthatmoment,school69 (come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.解析:comes由上下文的时态可知,用一般现在时。短文改错(2017 全国 I 卷 4)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymind goes blank.解析:goes---went上下文均为一般过去时。(2017 全国 II 卷 9)Whensummer came,theywillinvitetheirstudents...解析:came-*comes主句谓语动词willinvite是一般将来吋,从句应用一
般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故填comes。(2017 全国 III卷 2)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.解析:had-*have因inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用,故改had 为 have。(2017 全国III卷 5)Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschooland become anewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.解析:become-*-became 由 and 可知,become 应与前面的 entered—致, 又由从句谓语was可知,用一般过去时。语态语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 64) Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequiredtoprocessthefoodthatweeat...Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.解析:areremoved表示“被移除”,上下文为现在时。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 65) Steamengines65(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers...However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess...解析:wereused因与是被动关系,又是过去的动作,故用一般过去时的 被动语态,主语是复数,填wereused。3. (2017全国III卷 63)Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschool...解析:hasbeentold/wastold由tellsbsth可知要用被动语态,由语境可知, 应是“己有人告诉她”或“曾有人告诉她”,故用现在完成时或一般过去时的 被动语态。短文改错(2017 全国 III卷)Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowas took,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschool...解析:took-*taken这是被动语态,应是was加take的过去分词,而take 的过去分词是taken,故took改为taken。七、非谓语动词 语法填空1.(2017 全国 I 卷 63) Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.
解析:toprocess由requiresbtodosth可知,用不定式作主补。2. (2017 全国III卷 65)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析:toimprove 由 wanttodosth.可知。3. (2017 全国 I 卷 68)Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析:eating在介词后作宾语要用动名词。4. (2017 全国 II 卷 63) Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroof...解析:laying与前面的digging及后面的andthenbuilding为并列关系, —起作included的宾语;根据“并列一致”可知,也应用-ing形式,故填laying(铺)。5. (2017 全国III卷 61)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).解析:resting 由 spend...doingsth.可知。短文改错(2017 全国 II 卷 10)Whensummercome,theywillinvitetheirstudentsApickthefreshvegetables!解析:在pick前加to考查非谓语动词。由invitesbtodosth可知。八、词类转换 语法填空1. (2017 全国 II 卷 69) Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.解析:introduction作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要名词,表 示“采用,引入”,故填introductiono2. (2017 全国III卷 66)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher66(educate).解析:education作介词的宾语或在形容词性物主代词后,要用名词。3. (2017 全国 1 卷 69) However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.解析:careful作表语要用形容词厂
4. (2017 全国 II 卷 70)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70(success)ofthesenewlines...解析:successful因themostsuccessful为形容词的最高级,后面省略了名 词 lineso5. (2017 全国III卷 70)Itis70(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.解析:certainly修饰动词用副词,意为:这“当然是”有趣的事。6.(2017 全国 II 卷 66) Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen66 (fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.解析:fairly修饰形容词unpleasant,表示“相当地”,用副词fairly。短文改错*1. (2017 全国 I 卷)ItwasareliefandIcametoa suddenly stopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.解析:suddenly-*sudden考查词类转换。在名词前作定语要用形容词。2. (2017 全国III 卷)Ienjoyedstudying difference kindsofcarsandplanes...解析:difference—different在名词前作定语要用形容词。八、比较等级 语法填空(2017 全国 I 卷 66)Even66 (bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.解析:worse表示比这“更糟糕的是”。短文改错1. (2017 全国 I 卷)Afewminutes late,theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.解析:late—later考查比较等级。表示“多久以后”,是“时间段+later”。2. (2017 全国 II 卷)Theyoftengetup earlier andwaterthevegetablestogether. 解析:earlier-early考查比较等级。当没有比较对象时,用原级。3. (2017 全国III卷)Ienjoyedstudyingdifferentkindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatemusicalbums.
解析:late—latest指“最新的”音乐集唱片,故用最高级。九、序数词(2017 全国 I 卷 1)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmy eighteen birthday,Itookdrivinglessons.解析:eighteen---eighteenth考查数词。表示“第十八”岁生日,要用序 数词。十、祈使句(2017 全国 I 卷)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords,“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turning left!”解析:Tuming---Tum考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头。十一、其他(2017 全国 I 卷 7) Iwas^omuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.解析:删除so后的much考查much的用法。因much不能修饰形容词的 原级。(2017 全国 II 卷 7) Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformation...解析:Beside-*Besides考类转换。因beside是介词,意为“在 的旁边”;besides可作副词,表示“此外,而且”。分词形容词的区别(2017 全国 II 卷)Intheirsparetime,theyare interesting inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden...解析:interesting-*interested考查分词形容词的区别。表示人“对 感兴趣的”,用-ed形式;表示某事物是“令人感兴趣的”用-ing形式