2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结(含答案 9页

2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结（含答案）一、名词的数语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 62)Thistrend,...,hashadsomeunintendedside62 (effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.解析：effects表示“一些意料外的副作用”，故用复数。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 61)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible61(crowd)ontheroads...解析：crowds避免拥挤的人群。3. (2017 全国III卷 67)Shehasturneddownseveral67(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.解析：invitations由前面的several可知，要用复数形式。短文改错1. (2017 全国 I 卷）Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthe word,“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turnleft!”解析：word-*words后面有并列的三句话，故word用复数words。2. (2017 全国 II 卷）Besides,theyoftengetsomeuseful informations fromtheInternet.解析：informations-information因information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。二、代词阅读理解Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay...Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchange that.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture. 29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A. Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B. Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C. Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D. Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.解析：指代前句中即前一段的最后一句中的themusichasfailedtoconnect6withyoungergenerations,比较各选项，只有C正确。 语法填空(2017 全国 II 卷 67)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing67everyday.解析：it指代前句中的therailway。短文改错1. (2017 全国 II 卷)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.解析：all-*both考查代词。因Mr.andMrs.Zhang是两个人，而all是指 三者或三者以上的“都”，故改all为表示两者“都”的both。2. (2017 全国 III 卷）Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesof your highschooldays.解析：you—my是“我的”照片，应是“我的”学生时代回忆美好的事。 (P171 第二组第二篇)1canclimbthehills.Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodfor your health.Aboveall,Icanlearnmoreaboutnature.解析(P55):your—my由语境可知，应是对“我的”身体有益。三、冠词 语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 65) As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.解析：a因asaresult固定短语。2. (2017 全国III卷 62)Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas62modelinNewYork. 解析：a表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词。3. (2017 全国 II 卷 64) Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64top.解析：the特指这条路的 短文改错1. (2017 全国 1 卷）IstillrememberhowhardAfirstdaywas.解析：在first前加the或my在序数词前要用定冠词the，在本文语境里，也可用my,表示“我学习驾驶的第一天”。2. (2017 全国 II 卷）Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.解析：a改成an/one  因half是以元音音素开头的，表示数量“一”，要用an 或 one。3. (2017 全国III卷)AroundmeinApicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime解析：在picture前加the或this特指上面提到的这张照片。  四、 介词语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 61)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界） 61amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease...解析：as表示“作为” 一种方法。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 62)...andallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand62work.解析：from因是固定搭配，表示“往返，来回”，toandfromwork意为 “上下班”。3. (2017 全国III卷 68)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree68engineeringorarchitecture. 解析：in表示“某方面的学位”用介词in。又如：take/getadegreeinlaw 获得法律学位。 短文改错1. (2017 全国 I 卷]0)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.解析：on-*of考查介词。表示“在y…的中间”是inthemiddleof。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 6)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.解析：for考查介词。因buy是及物动词，表示买某物，其后直接接宾语。3. (2017 全国III卷 1)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyselfIrealizeofhowfasttimeflies.解析：删除realize后的of因realize是及物动词，后直接接宾语从句， 不再用介词of，故删除。 五、 并列连词短文改错1. (2017 全国 I 卷）Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindwentblank.解析：so-*but/yet考查并列连词。前后是转折关系。2. (2017 全国III卷）Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.解析：and—but 因 notonly...butalso 是固定搭配。六、从句连词 定语从句语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 70)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(口乞;betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood...Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,70isnotgoodforthehealth.解析：which引导非限制性定语从句用which。2. (2017 全国III卷 64)ButSarah,64hastakenpartinshowsalong withtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：who因谓语动词是后面的want,所以两个逗号之间是一个定语从 句，先行词是人又在从句中作主语，故填who。短文改错1. (2017 全国 II 卷)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden, that isontherooftopoftheirhouse.解析：tha卜which考^从句连词。引导非限制性定语从句不能用that，先 行词garden是物，用which。2. (2017 全国III卷）Aroundmeinthepicturearethethings they wereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime...解析：they-*that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是物， 应用 that 或 which。七、谓语动词 时态语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 67)Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood67(be)fulloffatandsalt.解析：is主第M称单词，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填is。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 68)Later,engineers68 (manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道）whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossible...解析：managed这是谓语动词，根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知，也用 一般过去时。3. (2017 全国III卷 69)MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthatmoment,school69 (come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.解析：comes由上下文的时态可知，用一般现在时。短文改错(2017 全国 I 卷 4)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymind goes blank.解析：goes---went上下文均为一般过去时。(2017 全国 II 卷 9)Whensummer came,theywillinvitetheirstudents...解析：came-*comes主句谓语动词willinvite是一般将来吋，从句应用一 般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填comes。(2017 全国 III卷 2)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.解析：had-*have因inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用，故改had 为 have。(2017 全国III卷 5)Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschooland become anewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.解析：become-*-became 由 and 可知，become 应与前面的 entered—致， 又由从句谓语was可知，用一般过去时。语态语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 64) Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequiredtoprocessthefoodthatweeat...Whenfatandsalt64(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.解析：areremoved表示“被移除”，上下文为现在时。2. (2017 全国 II 卷 65) Steamengines65(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers...However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess...解析：wereused因与是被动关系，又是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的 被动语态，主语是复数，填wereused。3. (2017全国III卷 63)Sarah63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschool...解析：hasbeentold/wastold由tellsbsth可知要用被动语态，由语境可知， 应是“己有人告诉她”或“曾有人告诉她”，故用现在完成时或一般过去时的 被动语态。短文改错(2017 全国 III卷）Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowas took，Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschool...解析：took-*taken这是被动语态，应是was加take的过去分词，而take 的过去分词是taken，故took改为taken。七、非谓语动词 语法填空1.(2017 全国 I 卷 63) Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired63(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions. 解析：toprocess由requiresbtodosth可知，用不定式作主补。2. (2017 全国III卷 65)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants65(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：toimprove 由 wanttodosth.可知。3. (2017 全国 I 卷 68)Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by68(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：eating在介词后作宾语要用动名词。4. (2017 全国 II 卷 63) Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,63(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroof...解析：laying与前面的digging及后面的andthenbuilding为并列关系， —起作included的宾语；根据“并列一致”可知，也应用-ing形式，故填laying(铺)。5. (2017 全国III卷 61)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61(rest).解析：resting 由 spend...doingsth.可知。短文改错(2017 全国 II 卷 10)Whensummercome,theywillinvitetheirstudentsApickthefreshvegetables!解析：在pick前加to考查非谓语动词。由invitesbtodosth可知。八、词类转换 语法填空1. (2017 全国 II 卷 69) Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.解析：introduction作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要名词，表 示“采用，引入”，故填introductiono2. (2017 全国III卷 66)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher66(educate).解析：education作介词的宾语或在形容词性物主代词后，要用名词。3. (2017 全国 1 卷 69) However,be69(care)nottogotoextremes.解析：careful作表语要用形容词厂 4. (2017 全国 II 卷 70)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost70(success)ofthesenewlines...解析：successful因themostsuccessful为形容词的最高级，后面省略了名 词 lineso5. (2017 全国III卷 70)Itis70(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.解析：certainly修饰动词用副词，意为：这“当然是”有趣的事。6.(2017 全国 II 卷 66) Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen66 (fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.解析：fairly修饰形容词unpleasant，表示“相当地”，用副词fairly。短文改错*1. (2017 全国 I 卷）ItwasareliefandIcametoa suddenly stopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.解析：suddenly-*sudden考查词类转换。在名词前作定语要用形容词。2. (2017 全国III 卷）Ienjoyedstudying difference kindsofcarsandplanes...解析：difference—different在名词前作定语要用形容词。八、比较等级 语法填空(2017 全国 I 卷 66)Even66 (bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.解析：worse表示比这“更糟糕的是”。短文改错1. (2017 全国 I 卷）Afewminutes late，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.解析：late—later考查比较等级。表示“多久以后”，是“时间段+later”。2. (2017 全国 II 卷）Theyoftengetup earlier andwaterthevegetablestogether. 解析：earlier-early考查比较等级。当没有比较对象时，用原级。3. (2017 全国III卷）Ienjoyedstudyingdifferentkindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelatemusicalbums. 解析：late—latest指“最新的”音乐集唱片，故用最高级。九、序数词(2017 全国 I 卷 1)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmy eighteen birthday,Itookdrivinglessons.解析:eighteen---eighteenth考查数词。表示“第十八”岁生日，要用序 数词。十、祈使句(2017 全国 I 卷）Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords,“Speedup!”“Slowdown!”“Turning left!”解析：Tuming---Tum考查祈使句。祈使句以动词原形开头。十一、其他(2017 全国 I 卷 7) Iwas^omuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.解析：删除so后的much考查much的用法。因much不能修饰形容词的 原级。(2017 全国 II 卷 7) Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformation...解析：Beside-*Besides考类转换。因beside是介词，意为“在 的旁边”；besides可作副词，表示“此外，而且”。分词形容词的区别(2017 全国 II 卷)Intheirsparetime,theyare interesting inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden...解析：interesting-*interested考查分词形容词的区别。表示人“对 感兴趣的”，用-ed形式；表示某事物是“令人感兴趣的”用-ing形式