初中英语语法-----主谓一致---(附练习题和答案) 8页

初中英语语法精讲精练：主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面：语法一致；意义一致；就近一致（就近原则）。一、语法一致(意义一致)：主语复数----谓语复数；主语单数-----谓语单数1、主语复数的情况----谓复⑴people,police,staff,crowd,sheep,cattle等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Thepolicearewaitingfortheboy.Thestaffaredressedasclowns.⑵由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。⑶“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时，谓语一般用复数。TheSmithsarehavingdinner.⑷the＋a.表一类人，做主语，谓语用复数；但表示抽象概念时，用单数形式：Thepooraren’talwaysverysad,whilethericharen’talwayshappy.Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。2、主语单数的情况-----谓单⑴单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式：Somewaterisinthebottle.Theboyisplayingfootballontheplayground.⑵manya+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式：ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.⑶morethanone+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 ⑷表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度等度量词或短语作主语时，常看作整体概念，谓单：Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英镑并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。⑸表加减乘除的数学运算做主语，谓单：Threeplustwoisfive.Fiveminusfourisone.Threetimestwoissix.Eightdividedbyfouristwo.⑹eachAandeachB和everyAandeveryB作主语，谓单：Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。⑺oneandahalf+复数名词作主语，谓单：Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。⑻动词不定式，动名词,句子作主语时，谓单：Toseeistobelieve眼见为实。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。WhowillbeourEnglishteacherisunknown.⑼a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语，谓单：Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。⑽主语为某些词组，如oneof,eachof,everyoneof,anyoneof,noneof等加复数名词或代词，谓语用单数。如：Oneofmyfavoritesportsisbasketball.⑾不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone, nothing作主语，谓单：Iseveryoneheretoday.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Nobodywasin.⑿each,either,neither,another,theother作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neitheransweriscorrect两个答案都不正确。⒀s结尾的表单数意义的名词作主语，谓单，如news,maths,physics等：Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我们班数学很受欢迎。3、谓语根据主语单复数意义来定的情况：⑴anumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；thenumberof+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。⑵相同两部分组成的名词做主语，谓复；当名词前kindof,pairof,glassof等表示量的短语修饰时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致：Thebluetrousersaremine.ThispairofshoesisTom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.桌上有两杯水。⑶“lotsof/alotof/plentyof+名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时，谓语动词取决于名词的数；若是不可数名词，用单数；若名词是复数，则用复数 75percentoflandiscoveredwithwater.Threefourthsofstudentsaregirlsinourclass.Lotsofmoneyisneeded.Plentyofwaterhasbeenpolluted.⑷由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数：①a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物:Thewriterandteacheriscoming.②a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物：Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)⑸family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指整体时，谓单;指具体成员时，谓复数：Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。⑹none如指量，用单数。若指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语用单也可用复，none如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。Noneofthelandhasbecomedesert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。Noneofthestudentsintheclassaretiredofhislesson.⑺all/most/half/twothirdsof/therestof+名词作主语，谓语动词取决于of后面的名词：Mostofhistimeisspentonstudy.Alloftheworkhastobefinishedatonce.Mostofthegirlsarefondofskiing.⑻当主语后有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词由主语的单复数决定： MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。二就近一致（就近原则）⑴以here，there为首的句子，谓语动词常与临近的主语一致：Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.这是给你的书和纸。Herecomesthebus!Herearethebooks,apenforyou.⑵or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式：TomorJackiswrong.不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Eitherthisoneorthatoneisok.这一个或那一个都行。NotonlyyoubutalsohehasbeentoJapan.《初中英语语法专项习题15-主谓一致（附答案）》1()1-Haveyougotsomewatertodrink?-Hereyouare.There___stillsomeinthebottle.A.areB.wereC.isD.was()2_____theremanyAmericanfriendsintheschoollastFriday?A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were()3There____agreatmanyaccidentslastyear. A.wereB.areC.isD.was()4-Howmanychildren____inthepicture?-Three.A.hasthereB.isthereC.havethereD.arethere2()1In1850,aboutathirdofU.S.A___coveredbyforests.A.wereB.hasbeenC./D.was()2Mostofourearth____coveredbywater.A.areB.isC.wasD.were()3Sunday____thefirstdayoftheweek.A.isB.areC.amD.be()4Neither___right.A.answersareB.answersaren"tC.answerisD.answerisn"t3()1Thepopulationoftheworld____still____now.A.has;grownB.will;growC.is;growingD.isgrown()2There____manypeoplerunningintheparkeverymorning.A.isB.wereC.areD.have()3Thesepoliceoften___thechildrenacrossthestreet.A.helpB.helpsC.helpingD.ishelping4()1___goingtoEnglandbyairnextweek.A.TheGreenfamilyareB.TheGreensfamilyareC.TheGreen"sfamilyareD.Greenfamilyare ()2Thewholefamily____enjoyingthebeautifulmusicnow.A.isallB.allisC.allareD.areall()3Ourclass___big.A.isB.areC.wereD.will5()1NeitherhenorI____fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.A.isB.areC.amD.be()2Eitheryouorhe____right.A.areB.isC.doesD.were()3NeitherMarynorherbrother____goodatsinging.A.isB.areC.isnotD.arenot()4NotonlyTombutalsoAliceandMary____busy.A.isB.wasC.areD.has6()1Physics___interestingtous.A.areB.hasC.isD.were()2Thenews____exciting.Wegotexcitedatit.A.isB.wasC.wereD.are()3Thoughmathematics____hard,weallworkatithard.A.areB.wereC.wasD.is参考答案：1.1-4CDAD2.1-4DBAC3.1-3CCA4.1-3ADA5.1-4CBAC6.1-3CBD