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  • 2022-06-17 16:01:27 发布

初中英语语法-----主谓一致---(附练习题和答案)

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初中英语语法精讲精练:主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。表现在三个方面:语法一致;意义一致;就近一致(就近原则)。一、语法一致(意义一致):主语复数----谓语复数;主语单数-----谓语单数1、主语复数的情况----谓复⑴people,police,staff,crowd,sheep,cattle等集体名词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。Thepolicearewaitingfortheboy.Thestaffaredressedasclowns.⑵由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;Bothhisfatherandhismotherarebothteachers.他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。⑶“定冠词+姓氏复数形式”表示一家人时,谓语一般用复数。TheSmithsarehavingdinner.⑷the+a.表一类人,做主语,谓语用复数;但表示抽象概念时,用单数形式:Thepooraren’talwaysverysad,whilethericharen’talwayshappy.Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。2、主语单数的情况-----谓单⑴单数名词(代词),不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式:Somewaterisinthebottle.Theboyisplayingfootballontheplayground.⑵manya+单数名词作主语,意义虽为“许多”,但谓语要用单数形式:ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.⑶morethanone+单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。例如:MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 ⑷表示时间,价格,重量,数目,长度等度量词或短语作主语时,常看作整体概念,谓单:Twomonthsisalongholiday.两个月是一个长假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英镑并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很长的距离。⑸表加减乘除的数学运算做主语,谓单:Threeplustwoisfive.Fiveminusfourisone.Threetimestwoissix.Eightdividedbyfouristwo.⑹eachAandeachB和everyAandeveryB作主语,谓单:Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每个男人和女人都在工作。⑺oneandahalf+复数名词作主语,谓单:Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一个半小时足够了。⑻动词不定式,动名词,句子作主语时,谓单:Toseeistobelieve眼见为实。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。WhowillbeourEnglishteacherisunknown.⑼a/an+单数名词+ortwo作主语,谓单:Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一两个学生考试不及格。⑽主语为某些词组,如oneof,eachof,everyoneof,anyoneof,noneof等加复数名词或代词,谓语用单数。如:Oneofmyfavoritesportsisbasketball.⑾不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone, nothing作主语,谓单:Iseveryoneheretoday.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Nobodywasin.⑿each,either,neither,another,theother作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典。Neitheransweriscorrect两个答案都不正确。⒀s结尾的表单数意义的名词作主语,谓单,如news,maths,physics等:Nonewsisgoodnews.没有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我们班数学很受欢迎。3、谓语根据主语单复数意义来定的情况:⑴anumberof+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数;thenumberof+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。例如:Anumberoffamouspeoplewereinvitedtoparty.许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred.我们学校的学生数超过800人。⑵相同两部分组成的名词做主语,谓复;当名词前kindof,pairof,glassof等表示量的短语修饰时,谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致:Thebluetrousersaremine.ThispairofshoesisTom’s.这双鞋是汤姆的。Therearetwoglassesofwateronthetable.桌上有两杯水。⑶“lotsof/alotof/plentyof+名词”或“分数/百分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词取决于名词的数;若是不可数名词,用单数;若名词是复数,则用复数 75percentoflandiscoveredwithwater.Threefourthsofstudentsaregirlsinourclass.Lotsofmoneyisneeded.Plentyofwaterhasbeenpolluted.⑷由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时,一般用复数形式,但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人,事物,或概念时,谓语动词用单数:①a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词,指的是同一个人或物:Thewriterandteacheriscoming.②a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词,指两个人或物:Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)⑸family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语,若指整体时,谓单;指具体成员时,谓复数:Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我们一家人都喜欢看电视。⑹none如指量,用单数。若指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语用单也可用复,none如果代表不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。Noneofthelandhasbecomedesert.这些土地都没有变成沙漠。Noneofthestudentsintheclassaretiredofhislesson.⑺all/most/half/twothirdsof/therestof+名词作主语,谓语动词取决于of后面的名词:Mostofhistimeisspentonstudy.Alloftheworkhastobefinishedatonce.Mostofthegirlsarefondofskiing.⑻当主语后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介词或介词短语时,谓语动词由主语的单复数决定: MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。二就近一致(就近原则)⑴以here,there为首的句子,谓语动词常与临近的主语一致:Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.桌子上有一本书,三只钢笔。Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.这是给你的书和纸。Herecomesthebus!Herearethebooks,apenforyou.⑵or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,连接两个名词或代词作主语时,根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式:TomorJackiswrong.不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Eitherthisoneorthatoneisok.这一个或那一个都行。NotonlyyoubutalsohehasbeentoJapan.《初中英语语法专项习题15-主谓一致(附答案)》1()1-Haveyougotsomewatertodrink?-Hereyouare.There___stillsomeinthebottle.A.areB.wereC.isD.was()2_____theremanyAmericanfriendsintheschoollastFriday?A.IsB.WasC.AreD.Were()3There____agreatmanyaccidentslastyear. A.wereB.areC.isD.was()4-Howmanychildren____inthepicture?-Three.A.hasthereB.isthereC.havethereD.arethere2()1In1850,aboutathirdofU.S.A___coveredbyforests.A.wereB.hasbeenC./D.was()2Mostofourearth____coveredbywater.A.areB.isC.wasD.were()3Sunday____thefirstdayoftheweek.A.isB.areC.amD.be()4Neither___right.A.answersareB.answersaren"tC.answerisD.answerisn"t3()1Thepopulationoftheworld____still____now.A.has;grownB.will;growC.is;growingD.isgrown()2There____manypeoplerunningintheparkeverymorning.A.isB.wereC.areD.have()3Thesepoliceoften___thechildrenacrossthestreet.A.helpB.helpsC.helpingD.ishelping4()1___goingtoEnglandbyairnextweek.A.TheGreenfamilyareB.TheGreensfamilyareC.TheGreen"sfamilyareD.Greenfamilyare ()2Thewholefamily____enjoyingthebeautifulmusicnow.A.isallB.allisC.allareD.areall()3Ourclass___big.A.isB.areC.wereD.will5()1NeitherhenorI____fromCanada.WearefromAustralia.A.isB.areC.amD.be()2Eitheryouorhe____right.A.areB.isC.doesD.were()3NeitherMarynorherbrother____goodatsinging.A.isB.areC.isnotD.arenot()4NotonlyTombutalsoAliceandMary____busy.A.isB.wasC.areD.has6()1Physics___interestingtous.A.areB.hasC.isD.were()2Thenews____exciting.Wegotexcitedatit.A.isB.wasC.wereD.are()3Thoughmathematics____hard,weallworkatithard.A.areB.wereC.wasD.is参考答案:1.1-4CDAD2.1-4DBAC3.1-3CCA4.1-3ADA5.1-4CBAC6.1-3CBD